CN109630450B - Shutdown protection method for natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor unit - Google Patents
Shutdown protection method for natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor unit Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/008—Stop safety or alarm devices, e.g. stop-and-go control; Disposition of check-valves
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Abstract
The patent discloses a shutdown protection method for a centrifugal compressor unit of a natural gas long-distance pipeline, which comprises the following steps: step one, setting a data acquisition sensor; step two, data alarm processing; analyzing an alarm result and judging whether to carry out shutdown protection or not; the method improves the detection capability and accuracy of the natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor.
Description
Technical Field
The patent relates to the technical field of natural gas equipment, in particular to a shutdown protection method for a centrifugal compressor unit of a natural gas long-distance pipeline.
Background
Compressors are commonly referred to as centrifugal compressors and axial compressors in petrochemical enterprises. A turbo compressor is a machine for increasing the pressure of a gas and delivering the gas, and is also commonly referred to as a fan. Generally, a turbo compressor and a prime mover such as a steam turbine, a gas turbine, and a water turbine constitute a turbo compressor unit. The most widely used turbo compressors are axial and centrifugal compressors. By centrifugal compressor is meant that the movement of the gas in the centrifugal compressor is in a radial direction perpendicular to the compressor axis. The gas pressure is increased because the gas is subjected to the action of centrifugal force to generate pressure due to the rotation of the impeller when the gas flows through the impeller, and the gas obtains velocity, and the gas pressure is increased because the gas flow velocity is gradually reduced when the gas flows through the expanding channels such as the impeller and the diffuser.
In a long natural gas pipeline system, a centrifugal compressor unit is usually adopted to provide power for long-distance natural gas transportation, so that the centrifugal compressor becomes a key component in the long natural gas pipeline system, and the working state of the centrifugal compressor directly influences the work of the long natural gas pipeline.
In the prior art, the working state of the natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor unit is usually monitored by adopting a vibration monitoring mode, and shutdown vibration is protected if abnormal vibration characteristics are found. The monitoring mode has been proved in the prior art to realize the fault monitoring and protection functions of the natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor unit to a certain extent, and has certain practical significance.
However, the above scheme in the prior art still has the following problems that firstly, the selection of the monitoring points is not reasonable enough to extract the vibration characteristics of the equipment, secondly, the fault monitoring is realized by adopting a threshold mode, the fault identification accuracy is low, and the occurrence of false alarm and false stop often occurs, so that the normal work of the equipment is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The patent is provided based on the above defects in the prior art, and the technical problem to be solved by the patent is to provide a shutdown protection method for a natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor set, so as to improve the detection capability and accuracy of the natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor.
In order to solve the above problem, the technical scheme provided by the patent comprises:
a shutdown protection method for a centrifugal compressor unit of a natural gas long-distance pipeline is characterized by comprising the following steps: step one, setting a data acquisition sensor; the data acquisition sensor includes: a key phase sensor, an axial vibration sensor and a shaft displacement sensor; the key phase sensor senses a key phase signal; the vibration sensors are arranged in two groups on each side of the left side and the right side of the driving machine shaft, and two groups on each side of the left side and the right side of the compressor shaft. Two groups of each side are respectively an axial displacement measuring point A and a radial vertical measuring point V; two groups of axial displacement sensors are respectively arranged at two end parts of the driving machine shaft, and the total number of the axial displacement sensors is four; step two, data alarm processing; processing data from the data acquisition sensor and providing fault alarm information according to a processing result; firstly, analyzing data acquired by the acquisition sensor under the condition of known normal working condition; for the sensorThe data are integrated and extracted, the represented local characteristics of the equipment operation are obtained for integration and extraction, and a certain operation state characteristic of the equipment reflected by a plurality of data combinations in the local data is extracted, wherein the operation state characteristic comprises: the method comprises the following steps of blade dropping, oil film oscillation, collision and grinding friction, mass unbalance, gear meshing defects, coupling precision overlow or damaged, misalignment, surge, airflow excitation, oil film whirling, rotating stall, turbine liquid carrying, support loosening, large bearing bush gap, non-uniform air inlet of a turbine, partition plate inclination, vertical and horizontal unequal bearing support rigidity, influence of adjacent vibration sources, surface defect measurement and alternating current interference; then, calculating to obtain the numerical range of the characteristic data under the normal working condition, taking the numerical range as a characteristic threshold value as the range of normal work of the evaluation equipment, and regarding the running characteristic AiThe alarm range is Aimin-Aimax(ii) a Then, acquiring real-time working condition data, acquiring and calculating numerical values of each running state characteristic under the implementation working condition according to the data, comparing the numerical values with the characteristic data under the normal working condition, and judging that the type of fault occurs if the characteristic numerical values under the real-time working condition are out of the alarm range of the normal working condition; analyzing an alarm result and judging whether to carry out shutdown protection or not; analyzing an alarm result, judging the intelligent protection dimensionless index of each characteristic by adopting a dimensionless index calculation model of intelligent interlocking protection, and determining shutdown when the index exceeds a preset range, wherein the model is as follows:
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the arrangement position of detection points in this patent.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the structure of the method of this patent.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present patent refers to the accompanying drawings and is only for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments of the patent and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.
The specific embodiment relates to a shutdown protection method for a centrifugal compressor unit of a natural gas long-distance pipeline. In this embodiment, the structure of the natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor unit is shown in fig. 1, and the natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor unit has the characteristics of complex structure and large volume, so that it is an important link for acquiring the characteristics of the natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor unit, that is, how to acquire necessary characteristic data without setting too many acquisition points to avoid affecting the normal operation of the natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor unit or increasing unnecessary data processing capacity is an important difficulty in solving the link.
In this embodiment, the data acquisition sensor includes: a key phase sensor, a shaft vibration sensor, and a shaft displacement sensor. The key phase sensor senses a key phase signal, and the property of the key phase signal is an eddy current sensor for measuring the rotating speed, so that trigger acquisition is provided; the axial displacement signal is a measured shaft displacement value (static quantity and dynamic quantity) detected by the eddy current sensor, and shaft displacement faults are monitored. The axial vibration sensors are arranged at two groups at the end part of the driving machine shaft, and two groups are arranged at the end part of the compressor shaft, so that the total number of the axial vibration sensors is four. The vibration sensors are arranged on each side of the left side and the right side of the driving machine shaft, and two groups are arranged on each side of the left side and the right side of the compressor shaft, and the total number of the vibration sensors is 8. Wherein, two groups on each side are A respectively and are axial displacement measuring points; v, is a radial vertical measuring point.
Compared with the prior art, the 13 groups of detection points can provide more abundant information, namely detailed vibration information of different parts of a driving machine and a compressor, so that the accurate characteristic of the corresponding position can be acquired to provide more comprehensive information for the state judgment of the natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor unit, the arrangement of the plurality of positions can acquire the information of the corresponding position and can also mutually verify and support, and therefore the working state of the natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor unit can be judged more favorably. The more comprehensive quantity of the sensor positions is set in the method, because the method needs to acquire more data so as to carry out comprehensive judgment according to the data, which is different from the method that the threshold value judgment method in the prior art only takes the data of a few key positions and directly determines whether the fault exists according to the set threshold value.
The system in this embodiment further includes a data communication unit, where the data communication unit is connected to the information acquisition sensor, receives the signal from the data acquisition sensor, and extracts the data of the signal, so as to facilitate analysis and processing, and the information acquisition unit may be implemented by a communication data line or a wireless communication mode, preferably by wired communication, so as to reduce communication interference and improve the effectiveness and accuracy of communication.
Further, the system in this embodiment further includes a data processing unit. The large-scale turbine compressor unit is one of key mechanical equipment, and in order to prevent major accidents caused by unit failure, an interlocking system is generally equipped for the turbine unit in practical engineering application. The existing commonly used vibration interlocking protection system (such as GE Bently 3500 system) always adopts an interlocking parking protection mode by a pass-frequency amplitude, and the interlocking mode has no pertinence to fault types and risk degrees thereof, and simultaneously, the interlocking shutdown is often caused by false signals, so that the unnecessary over-protection problem is caused. In order to ensure continuous production and avoid causing great production loss, vibration interlocking protection is frequently removed manually or the alarm amplitude is amplified in actual operation, so that huge potential safety hazards are brought.
In view of the above drawbacks, in the present embodiment, the determination of the fault is not simply implemented by using the pass frequency amplitude, but the following processing is performed on the related data:
first, the type of the fault is analyzed according to the historical data and the current data, and an alarm is raised, in this embodiment, the process described in fig. 2 may be adopted according to the type of the fault and the characteristics of the fault. The process comprises the following steps:
s101, collecting normal working condition operation data and real-time working condition operation data of a machine respectively; the normal working condition refers to data acquired by the acquisition sensor under the known normal working condition; the data under normal operating conditions may be adjusted over time, and because the data considered normal may be different as the equipment is used, the operational data under normal operating conditions may be re-determined after a predetermined period of time, such as after each equipment maintenance.
S102, extracting a data feature set and constructing a feature phase space; in the process, local features of equipment operation represented by the set detection points are integrated and extracted, a certain feature uniform condition of the equipment reflected by combining a plurality of data in local data is extracted, and a feature phase space is constructed according to the condition. For example, the operating conditions of the equipment can be divided into blade dropping, oil film oscillation, rubbing, friction, mass unbalance, gear meshing defects, coupling accuracy overlow or damaged, misalignment, surge, air flow excitation, oil film whirling, rotating stall, turbine fluid carrying, support loosening, large bearing bush clearance, turbine uneven air intake, partition plate inclination, unequal vertical and horizontal bearing support rigidity, influence of adjacent vibration sources, measurement surface defects, alternating current interference and the like. The characteristics can be obtained by reasonably setting the data acquisition sensors, and the running state of the equipment can be obtained by analyzing the data characteristics reflected by different sensors and integrating calculation, so that a characteristic phase space is formed. These characteristics are obtained based on a comprehensive analysis of the different sensor data, which the skilled person can derive from experience with detecting the device and from an analysis of the characteristics represented by the position of the particular sensor.
Ai＝f(X)
Wherein, Xi1jRepresenting the data detected at the time j for the first sensor of feature i. A calculated by the above methodiRepresenting the characteristic values acquired over a certain period of time.
S103, calculating to obtain a numerical range of the characteristic data under a normal working condition, and taking the numerical range as a characteristic threshold value as a range for judging normal work of the equipment. And calculating to obtain a comprehensive evaluation numerical range of the Ai normal working condition through the data, and calculating to obtain a comprehensive evaluation numerical range Amax-Amin under the comprehensive statistical time within a certain time length. And the numerical range is used as an alarm range.
S104, acquiring real-time working condition data, acquiring and calculating values of each characteristic under the implementation working condition according to the data, comparing the values with the characteristic data under the normal working condition, and judging that the type of fault occurs if the characteristic values under the real-time working condition are out of the range of the normal working condition. The characteristic value of the implementation condition is denoted as At, where t represents the data in a time period t, where t is a calculation period, and may be, for example, 2s, 5s, 10s, etc.,
s105, comparing the implementation working condition data with the alarm range, and if the real-time data exceeds the alarm range, sending an alarm signal. And if the real-time data is in a fixed range, judging that the real-time data works normally.
In the embodiment, the characteristic data collected by a plurality of sensor sources is adopted, then the data characteristics of the sensor for each fault are comprehensively analyzed according to the data collected by a plurality of sensors, and the characteristic data is obtained by combination, on one hand, compared with the same-frequency threshold value in the prior art, the scheme can be closer to the actual operation condition of the equipment, on the other hand, compared with the situation that a Dirichlet hybrid model is adopted, the judgment mode is determined according to the equipment operation fault characteristics with stronger logicality, on one hand, the long-term processing of a large amount of data is avoided, the calculation speed is improved, on the other hand, the condition of no logic judgment result which is easy to occur when a machine intelligent model is adopted is avoided in fault judgment, the accuracy and the logicality are higher, and the identification capability of the equipment fault is stronger.
Further, the system in this embodiment further includes an interlocking shutdown unit, where the interlocking shutdown unit is connected to the data processing unit, and determines whether the natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor unit is shutdown or not according to the alarm information of the data processing unit.
When a natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor unit breaks down, whether the intelligent interlocking protection system carries out interlocking shutdown or not depends on the destructive power of the fault, the current definition of the destructive power of different faults mainly depends on human engineering experience, and quantification needs to be carried out in the intelligent interlocking protection system, so that the compressor unit intelligent interlocking protection technology based on a dimensionless parameter model is provided. In this embodiment, the interlocked shutdown unit determines the intelligent protection dimensionless index of each feature by using a dimensionless index calculation model of intelligent interlocked protection, and determines shutdown when the index exceeds a predetermined range, where the model is:
wherein H (i) is the i-th intelligent protection dimensionless index; v (i) is a dimensionless index of the degree of degradation of the ith fault; d (i):
an ith fault risk index;
the ratio of the ith fault characteristic value to the maximum value of the monitoring quantity is calculated.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) performing a mathematical model on a dimensionless index V (i) of the current fault degradation degree of a unit, wherein the mathematical model is defined as follows:
wherein:
v (i): the ith fault degradation degree dimensionless index;
f (i, j): the current value of the fault characteristic value of the ith fault at the jth moment;
n (i, j): the normal value of the fault characteristic value of the ith fault at the jth moment is taken from the data of the faultless and stable running state of the unit;
f (i, j): a fault characteristic value alarm value at the jth moment of the ith fault;
k (i, j): sensitivity coefficient of the characteristic value of the ith fault at the jth moment;
n: and (5) monitoring the period.
And (i) calculating different fault risk indexes of the unit by adopting a semi-quantitative analysis analytic hierarchy process. Establishing a semi-quantitative analysis model by referring to a reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) technology and taking each fault safety influence, environmental influence, production influence and maintenance cost as decision indexes, and calculating the related type fault risk degree of the centrifugal compressor unit of the natural gas long-distance pipeline, wherein the related type fault risk degree is shown in the following table:
Claims (1)
1. a shutdown protection method for a centrifugal compressor unit of a natural gas long-distance pipeline is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, setting a data acquisition sensor
The data acquisition sensor includes: a key phase sensor, an axial vibration sensor and a shaft displacement sensor; the key phase sensor senses a key phase signal; the axial vibration sensors are arranged on each of the left side and the right side of the driving machine shaft, and two groups are arranged on each of the left side and the right side of the compressor shaft; two groups of axial displacement measuring points A and radial vertical measuring points V are respectively arranged on each side; two groups of axial displacement sensors are respectively arranged at two end parts of the driving machine shaft, and the total number of the axial displacement sensors is four; the axial vibration sensors are arranged on each of the left side and the right side of the driving machine shaft and are arranged in two groups, and each of the left side and the right side of the compressor shaft is provided with two groups, and the total number of the groups is 8;
step two, data alarm processing
Processing data from the data acquisition sensor and providing fault alarm information according to a processing result; firstly, analyzing data acquired by the acquisition sensor under the condition of known normal working condition; integrating and extracting data of a sensor, acquiring local characteristics of represented equipment operation, integrating and extracting, and extracting a certain operation state characteristic of the equipment reflected by a plurality of data combinations in the local data, wherein the operation state characteristic comprises: the method comprises the following steps of blade dropping, oil film oscillation, collision and grinding friction, mass unbalance, gear meshing defects, coupling precision overlow or damaged, misalignment, surge, airflow excitation, oil film whirling, rotating stall, turbine liquid carrying, support loosening, large bearing bush gap, non-uniform air inlet of a turbine, partition plate inclination, vertical and horizontal unequal bearing support rigidity, influence of adjacent vibration sources, surface defect measurement and alternating current interference; then, calculating to obtain the numerical range of the characteristic data under the normal working condition, taking the numerical range as a characteristic threshold value as the range of normal work of the judging equipment, and regarding the running characteristic AiThe alarm range is Aimin-Aimax(ii) a Then, obtaining real-time working condition data, obtaining and calculating the numerical value of each running state characteristic under the real-time working condition according to the data, comparing the numerical value with the characteristic data under the normal working condition, and then, obtaining the real-time working condition dataJudging that the corresponding type of fault occurs if the characteristic value under the normal working condition is out of the alarm range;
step three, analyzing the alarm result and judging whether to carry out shutdown protection
Analyzing an alarm result, judging the intelligent protection dimensionless index of each characteristic by adopting a dimensionless index calculation model of intelligent interlocking protection, and determining shutdown when the index exceeds a preset range, wherein the model is as follows:
wherein H (i) is the ith intelligent protection dimensionless index; v (i) is a dimensionless index of the degree of degradation of the ith fault; d (i) is the ith fault risk index;
for calculating the ith fault characteristic value AitAnd the maximum value A of the monitored quantitymaxA ratio of (A) to (B); the dimensionless index V (i) of the current fault degradation degree of the unit is mathematically modeled as:
wherein, the fault risk degree D (i) adopts a semi-quantitative analysis analytic hierarchy process to calculate different fault risk degree indexes of the unit; the method comprises the following steps of establishing a semi-quantitative analysis model by taking each fault safety influence, environment influence, production influence and maintenance cost as decision indexes, calculating the related type fault risk degree of the natural gas long-distance pipeline centrifugal compressor unit, and obtaining a result that:
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Address after: 408107 No. 6, Hefeng Avenue, Xincheng District, Fuling District, Chongqing Patentee after: National pipe network group Chongqing Natural Gas Pipeline Co.,Ltd. Address before: 408100 No.6 Hefeng Avenue, Xincheng District, Fuling District, Chongqing Patentee before: SINOPEC CHONGQING NATURAL GAS PIPELINE Co.,Ltd. |