CN109628782A - A method of aerolite is scrapped without sorting preparation 7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot - Google Patents
A method of aerolite is scrapped without sorting preparation 7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN109628782A CN109628782A CN201910099517.3A CN201910099517A CN109628782A CN 109628782 A CN109628782 A CN 109628782A CN 201910099517 A CN201910099517 A CN 201910099517A CN 109628782 A CN109628782 A CN 109628782A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods scrapped aerolite and prepare 7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot without sorting, belong to secondary aluminium technical field, in particular to scrap the method that aerolite safeguarding grades recycles.The method is that aerolite waste material is not needed to sorting preparation 7XXX line aluminium alloy, especially 7050,7150,7055,7075,7175,7085 aluminium alloys, it is realized by following two step: 1) by control smelting temperature, the non-aluminum impurity (including titanium alloy, ferroalloy, carbon fiber etc.) higher than aluminium alloy fusing point being removed using fishing slag and the mode of skimming；2) substandard element is supplemented using aluminium alloy, intermediate alloy, elemental metals.The method of the invention is sorted without that will scrap aerolite waste material, and simple process, production cost is low, easy to industrialized production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to scrap aerolite safeguarding grades cycling and reutilization technical field, and in particular to one kind scraps aviation aluminium
The method that alloy prepares 7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot without sorting.
Background technique
Predict that the following whole world 10-20 there will be about 10000 airplanes according to aircraft recycling and reusing international association (AFRA)
It is retired or scrap, have reached 30000 airplanes, the 70% of weight is the above are aluminium alloys such as 2XXX system, 7XXX systems, and great time
Receive value.It scraps in the long-term stacking process of aircraft, ultraviolet light, rainfall, oxidation etc. will cause the degeneration of aluminium alloy, while can also make
At soil and groundwater pollution, land resource by the largely environmental problems such as occupancy.Therefore, it carries out scrapping aerolite alloy time
Receipts can not only economize on resources and the energy, protection environment, but also with good economic efficiency.
In the prior art, scrapping the main problem that aerolite safeguarding grades recycles is:
(1) it scraps to have on aircraft and is largely difficult to non-aluminium alloy, TITAIUM ALLOY RIVETS and carbon fiber for removing etc., if to these materials
Material, which carries out fining sorting, will consume a large amount of manpower and material resources, and cost is very high；
(2) scrapping aerolite mainly has the aluminium alloys such as 2XXX system and 7XXX system；2XXX system belongs to the conjunction of Al-Cu-Mg type
Gold, Zn content are generally below 0.25%；7XXX system belongs to Al-Cu-Mg-Zn type alloy, and Zn content is generally greater than 3.50%；
Zn does not have economically viable removal technique in aluminium alloy melt；
(3) aerolite is high to ingredient, tissue and performance requirement, causes to scrap aerolite degradation utilization, money
Source value substantially reduces.
Therefore, it is one of highest R&D direction of secondary aluminium alloy technical requirements that aerolite safeguarding grades, which recycles, is
Art technology commanding elevation.
To realize that aerolite safeguarding grades recycles, secondary aluminium industry engineers and technicians have carried out relevant research and development work
Make.Such as, Chinese patent ZL200780023435.6 disclose it is a kind of for manufacture aircraft industry aluminium alloy containing aluminium frit again
Production method, this method purifies waste and old aerolite melt by the way of fractional crystallization, can partially remove aluminium
Iron, silicon impurities in melt, it is subsequent that the dilution of a large amount of fine aluminiums and intermediate alloy addition is needed to ensure component requirements, not only raw material at
This height, smelting equipment are complicated, and do not have the Technological Economy value of industrially scalable.Chinese patent ZL201310018088.5
Disclose it is a set of using the miscellaneous aluminium that gives up as raw material, through iron removal by magnetic separation, pretreatment, melting, melt composition detection, calculating, ingredient, ingredient tune
Method that is whole, finally obtaining target aluminium alloy.This method needs to carry out magnetic separation, pretreatment etc. to waste material, and cost recovery is higher.In
State's patent of invention (application number: 201710855471.4) discloses a kind of waste and old plane aluminium alloy recycling production 2024 or 7075
The method of aluminium alloy discloses a kind of using waste and old plane aluminium alloy as raw material, preprocessed, melting, removal of impurities, composition adjustment, mistake
Filter, refining, purification, casting obtain 7075 or 2024 aluminium alloys, and pretreatment therein includes that broken, iron removal by magnetic separation, flotation remove
Heavy metal, air elutriation remove unless aluminium polymer and non-aluminium composite material, eddy current separation remove glass etc.；By a variety of
Preconditioning technique obtains purer plane aluminium alloy of scrapping, then by other scrap aluminium alloy and/or intermediate alloy carry out at
Divide adjustment, realizes 7075 or 2024 aluminium alloys of regeneration.The invention reclaimed 7075 aluminum alloy be by sorting obtain it is purer
Raw material, thus realize 7075 or 2024 aluminium alloys of regeneration, but raw material and high process cost.
It can be seen that regeneration aerolite requires first to be sorted at present, process is long, at high cost.Therefore, it needs out
Hair scraps aerolite preparation 7XXX aluminium alloy, especially 7050,7150,7055,7075,7175,7085 without sorting
Aluminium alloy meets the wilderness demand of aircraft industry.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provide one kind scrap aerolite without sort preparation 7XXX line aluminium alloy
The method of ingot casting.The method by the lower aircraft waste material of dismantling it is broken after directly carry out melting, fish out slag and skim, composition adjustment,
Refining, degasification and casting obtain 7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot.；It is described that scrap aerolite molten by control without method for separating
Temperature and time is refined, using the big feature of the different melting points of aluminium alloy and non-aluminum impurity, height is realized using fishing slag and the mode of skimming
The non-aluminum impurity of fusing point is separated by solid-liquid separation, and reduces process costs.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A method of aerolite is scrapped without sorting preparation 7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot, which is characterized in that described
Method by the lower aircraft waste material of dismantling it is broken after directly carry out melting, fish out slag and skim, composition adjustment, refining, degasification and casting
7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot is obtained, is realized by following two step without sorting；
(1) by control melting condition, the aluminium alloy scrapped in aerolite is all melted, and dystectic non-aluminum
Impurity is solid phase；It realizes that aluminium alloy and dystectic non-aluminum impurity are separated by solid-liquid separation, and then removes the non-aluminum that fusing point is higher than aluminium alloy
Impurity；
(2) after removing non-aluminum impurity, using the ingredient of target 7XXX line aluminium alloy to be prepared as standard, to lower than the mark
Quasi- element is supplemented using the one or more of aluminium alloy, intermediate alloy, elemental metals, is then refined, is cast and obtain
Obtain 7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot.
Further, step (1) specifically: in 650 DEG C of -800 DEG C of melting 0.5h-5.0h, will scrap in aerolite
Aluminium alloy all melt, and dystectic non-aluminum impurity is solid phase, is then gone using the filtering spoon of aperture 1.0mm-10.0mm
Except fusing point is higher than the non-aluminum impurity of aluminium alloy.
Further, the non-aluminum impurity that the fusing point is higher than aluminium alloy includes ferroalloy impurity, TITAIUM ALLOY RIVETS, carbon fiber
Dimension.
Further, in step (2), the element lower than the standard include one of Cr, Zn, Mg or more than one；
When supplementing the element lower than the standard, element additive amount is 0.95-1.05 times of element wantage；
Wherein, after element wantage is fishing slag and skims and remove non-aluminum impurity, element is (in Cr, Zn, Mg in aluminium alloy melt
One or more) actual content and target 7XXX line aluminium alloy to be prepared in the element content difference.
Further, the 7XXX line aluminium alloy is appointing in 7050,7150,7055,7075,7175,7085 aluminium alloys
It anticipates one kind.
The principle of the present invention is:
(1) the method for the invention utilizes the molten of aluminium alloy and non-aluminum impurity (including titanium alloy, ferroalloy, carbon fiber etc.)
The point feature that difference is big, solid solubility is low, using solid-liquid separating method, is such as fished out slag and skimmed by control smelting temperature and time,
Remove dystectic non-aluminum impurity.
(2) the Zn content of 2XXX line aluminium alloy low (generally below 0.25wt.%), the Zn content of 7XXX line aluminium alloy are high
(generally greater than 3.50wt.%), the two Zn content difference are big (being shown in Table 1)；Using Zn as the main alloying element of 7XXX line aluminium alloy,
Aerolite regeneration 7XXX line aluminium alloy is scrapped by unsorted, is avoided except Zn technique.
The al alloy component (wt.%) of 1 2XXX system of table and 7XXX system
Note: data source GBT3190-2008
Advantageous effects of the invention:
(1) the method for the invention is poor by control smelting temperature and time, the fusing point using aluminium alloy and non-aluminum impurity
Different big feature realizes that dystectic non-aluminum impurity is separated by solid-liquid separation, without to aerolite sorting is scrapped, reduce technique at
This；
(2) feature that the method for the invention makes full use of the Zn content difference of the aluminium alloys such as 2XXX system and 7XXX system big,
It using Zn as the main alloying element of 7XXX line aluminium alloy, avoids except Zn technique, reduces the alloying component amount of watering down, reduce original
Material cost；
(3) the method for the invention is because avoiding the introducing of other impurities ingredient, it is ensured that aviation aluminium is closed without sorting process
Golden high cleanliness；
(4) the method for the invention simple process, technology window is wide, is easy to industrialize, production cost is low.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of side scrapped aerolite and prepare 7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot without sorting in the embodiment of the present invention
Method flow chart.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is explained in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is used only for explaining the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
On the contrary, the present invention covers any substitution done on the essence and scope of the present invention being defined by the claims, repairs
Change, equivalent method and scheme.Further, in order to make the public have a better understanding the present invention, below to of the invention thin
It is detailed to describe some specific detail sections in section description.Part without these details for a person skilled in the art
The present invention can also be understood completely in description.
Embodiment 1
A method of aerolite is scrapped without sorting 7075 aluminium alloy cast ingots of preparation:
Aerolite will be scrapped in 650 DEG C of melting 5.0h until aluminium alloy all melts.With the filtering spoon of aperture 1.0mm
By the ferroalloy impurity in melt, TITAIUM ALLOY RIVETS, carbon fiber removal.Constituent analysis, bath composition are carried out to aluminium alloy melt
It is as shown in table 2 below with 7075 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards.
2 aluminium alloy melt ingredient of table and 7075 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards tables (wt.%)
According to table 2, the additive amount of metal Zn, magnalium intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener is calculated, it then follows first addition is not easy to wave
The element of hair adds volatile element afterwards, successively adds aluminium chromium hardener, metal Zn and magnalium intermediate alloy, additive amount
It is 0.95 times of Cr, Mg and Zn element wantage.After all melting and aluminium alloy melt is sufficiently stirred, and is sampled ingredient
Analysis.Mentioned component allocation process is repeatable, until aluminium alloy melt ingredient reaches 7075 aluminium alloy standard requirements (such as 3 institute of table
Show).
3 reclaimed 7075 aluminum alloy bath composition of table and 7075 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards tables (wt.%)
Then reclaimed 7075 aluminum alloy melt is refined, degasification, 7075 aluminium alloys for meeting standard is obtained after casting
Ingot casting.
Embodiment 2
A method of aerolite is scrapped without sorting 7050 aluminium alloy cast ingots of preparation:
Aerolite will be scrapped in 680 DEG C of melting 4.0h until aluminium alloy all melts.With the filtering spoon of aperture 2.0mm
By the ferroalloy impurity in melt, TITAIUM ALLOY RIVETS, carbon fiber removal.Constituent analysis, bath composition are carried out to aluminium alloy melt
It is as shown in table 4 below with 7050 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards.
4 aluminium alloy melt ingredient of table and 7050 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards tables (wt.%)
According to table 4, calculate the additive amount of metal Zn and magnalium intermediate alloy, it then follows first add not volatile element, after
Volatile element is added, metal Zn and magnalium intermediate alloy are successively added, additive amount is the 1.0 of Mg and Zn element wantage
Times.After all melting and aluminium alloy melt is sufficiently stirred, and is sampled constituent analysis.Mentioned component allocation process can weigh
It is multiple, until aluminium alloy melt ingredient reaches 7050 aluminium alloy standard requirements (as shown in table 5).
Table 5 regenerates 7050 aluminium alloy melt ingredients and 7050 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards tables (wt.%)
Then 7050 aluminium alloy melts of regeneration are refined, degasification, 7050 aluminium alloys for meeting standard is obtained after casting
Ingot casting.
Embodiment 3
A method of aerolite is scrapped without sorting 7150 aluminium alloy cast ingots of preparation:
Aerolite will be scrapped in 710 DEG C of melting 3.0h until aluminium alloy all melts.With the filtering spoon of aperture 4.0mm
By the ferroalloy impurity in melt, TITAIUM ALLOY RIVETS, carbon fiber removal.Constituent analysis, bath composition are carried out to aluminium alloy melt
It is as shown in table 6 below with 7150 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards.
6 aluminium alloy melt ingredient of table and 7150 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards tables (wt.%)
According to table 6, calculate the additive amount of metal Zn and magnalium intermediate alloy, it then follows first add not volatile element, after
Volatile element is added, metal Zn and magnalium intermediate alloy are successively added, additive amount is the 1.03 of Mg and Zn element wantage
Times.After all melting and aluminium alloy melt is sufficiently stirred, and is sampled constituent analysis.Mentioned component allocation process can weigh
It is multiple, until aluminium alloy melt ingredient reaches 7150 aluminium alloy standard requirements (as shown in table 7).
Table 7 regenerates 7150 aluminium alloy melt ingredients and 7150 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards tables (wt.%)
Then 7150 aluminium alloy melts of regeneration are refined, degasification, 7150 aluminium alloys for meeting standard is obtained after casting
Ingot casting.
Embodiment 4
A method of aerolite is scrapped without sorting 7055 aluminium alloy cast ingots of preparation:
Aerolite will be scrapped in 740 DEG C of melting 2.0h until aluminium alloy all melts.With the filtering spoon of aperture 6.0mm
By the ferroalloy impurity in melt, TITAIUM ALLOY RIVETS, carbon fiber removal.Constituent analysis, bath composition are carried out to aluminium alloy melt
It is as shown in table 8 below with 7055 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards.
8 aluminium alloy melt ingredient of table and 7055 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards tables (wt.%)
According to table 8, calculate the additive amount of metal Zn and magnalium intermediate alloy, it then follows first add not volatile element, after
Volatile element is added, metal Zn and magnalium intermediate alloy are successively added, additive amount is the 1.05 of Mg and Zn element wantage
Times.After all melting and aluminium alloy melt is sufficiently stirred, and is sampled constituent analysis.Mentioned component allocation process can weigh
It is multiple, until aluminium alloy melt ingredient reaches 7055 aluminium alloy standard requirements (as shown in table 9).
Table 9 regenerates 7055 aluminium alloy melt ingredients and 7055 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards tables (wt.%)
Then 7055 aluminium alloy melts of regeneration are refined, degasification, 7055 aluminium alloys for meeting standard is obtained after casting
Ingot casting.
Embodiment 5
A method of aerolite is scrapped without sorting 7175 aluminium alloy cast ingots of preparation:
Aerolite will be scrapped in 770 DEG C of melting 1.0h until aluminium alloy all melts.With the filtering spoon of aperture 8.0mm
By the ferroalloy impurity in melt, TITAIUM ALLOY RIVETS, carbon fiber removal.Constituent analysis, bath composition are carried out to aluminium alloy melt
It is as shown in the following table 10 with 7175 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards.
10 aluminium alloy melt ingredient of table and 7175 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards tables (wt.%)
According to table 10, the additive amount of metal Zn, magnalium intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener is calculated, it then follows first addition is not easy
The element of volatilization adds volatile element afterwards, successively adds aluminium chromium hardener, metal Zn and magnalium intermediate alloy, addition
Amount is 0.98 times of Cr, Mg and Zn element wantage.After all melting and aluminium alloy melt is sufficiently stirred, and is sampled into
Analysis.Mentioned component allocation process is repeatable, until aluminium alloy melt ingredient reaches 7175 aluminium alloy standard requirements (such as tables 11
It is shown).
Table 11 regenerates 7175 aluminium alloy melt ingredients and 7175 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards tables (wt.%)
| Cu | Zn | Mg | Mn | Cr | Si | Fe | Ti | |
| 7175 aluminium alloys | 1.2-2.0 | 5.1-6.1 | 2.1-2.9 | <0.10 | 0.18-0.28 | <0.15 | <0.20 | <0.10 |
| Bath composition | 1.81 | 5.54 | 2.37 | 0.064 | 0.223 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.013 |
Then 7175 aluminium alloy melts of regeneration are refined, degasification, 7175 aluminium alloys for meeting standard is obtained after casting
Ingot casting.
Embodiment 6
A method of aerolite is scrapped without sorting 7085 aluminium alloy cast ingots of preparation:
Aerolite will be scrapped in 800 DEG C of melting 0.5h until aluminium alloy all melts.With the filtering of aperture 10.0mm
Spoon removes ferroalloy impurity, TITAIUM ALLOY RIVETS, the carbon fiber in melt.To aluminium alloy melt carry out constituent analysis, melt at
Divide as shown in table 12 below with 7085 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards.
12 aluminium alloy melt ingredient of table and 7085 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards tables (wt.%)
According to table 12, calculate the additive amount of metal Zn and magnalium intermediate alloy, it then follows first add not volatile element, after
Volatile element is added, metal Zn and magnalium intermediate alloy are successively added, additive amount is the 1.02 of Mg and Zn element wantage
Times.After all melting and aluminium alloy melt is sufficiently stirred, and is sampled constituent analysis.Mentioned component allocation process can weigh
It is multiple, until aluminium alloy melt ingredient reaches 7085 aluminium alloy standard requirements (as shown in table 13).
Table 13 regenerates 7085 aluminium alloy melt ingredients and 7085 aluminium alloy Comparison of standards tables (wt.%)
| Alloying element | Cu | Zn | Mg | Mn | Cr | Si | Fe | Ti | Zr |
| 7085 aluminium alloys | 1.3-2.0 | 7.0-8.0 | 1.2-1.8 | <0.04 | <0.04 | <0.06 | <0.08 | <0.06 | 0.08-0.15 |
| Bath composition | 1.87 | 7.46 | 1.47 | 0.018 | 0.021 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.029 | 0.11 |
Then 7085 aluminium alloy melts of regeneration are refined, degasification, 7085 aluminium alloys for meeting standard is obtained after casting
Ingot casting.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method scrapped aerolite and prepare 7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot without sorting, which is characterized in that the side
Method by the lower aircraft waste material of dismantling it is broken after directly carry out melting, fish out slag and skim, composition adjustment, refining, degasification and cast
To 7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot, realized by following two step without sorting；
(1) by control melting condition, the aluminium alloy scrapped in aerolite is all melted, and dystectic non-aluminum impurity
For solid phase；It realizes that aluminium alloy and dystectic non-aluminum impurity are separated by solid-liquid separation, and then removes the non-aluminum impurity that fusing point is higher than aluminium alloy；
(2) after removing non-aluminum impurity, using the ingredient of target 7XXX line aluminium alloy to be prepared as standard, to lower than the standard
Element is supplemented using the one or more of aluminium alloy, intermediate alloy, elemental metals, is then refined, casting obtains
7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot.
2. a kind of method scrapped aerolite and prepare 7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot without sorting according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, step (1) specifically: in 650 DEG C of -800 DEG C of melting 0.5h-5.0h, the aluminium scrapped in aerolite is closed
Golden all fusings, and dystectic non-aluminum impurity is solid phase, then fishes out slag mode using the filtering spoon of aperture 1.0mm-10.0mm
Fusing point is higher than the non-aluminum impurity of aluminium alloy in removal melt, the mode of skimming removes dross on surface of fusant.
3. a kind of side scrapped aerolite and prepare 7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot without sorting according to claim 1 or claim 2
Method, which is characterized in that the non-aluminum impurity that the fusing point is higher than aluminium alloy includes ferroalloy impurity, TITAIUM ALLOY RIVETS, carbon fiber.
4. a kind of method scrapped aerolite and prepare 7XXX line aluminium alloy cast ingot without sorting according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, in step (2), the element lower than the standard include one of Cr, Zn, Mg or more than one；To being lower than
When the element of the standard is supplemented, element additive amount is 0.95-1.05 times of element wantage.
5. according to claim 1-2, any one of 4 described one kind scrap aerolite without sorting preparation 7XXX line aluminium alloy casting
The method of ingot, which is characterized in that the 7XXX line aluminium alloy is in 7050,7150,7055,7075,7175,7085 aluminium alloys
Any one.
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Application publication date: 20190416 |