CN109624381B - Method for adjusting device capable of automatically adjusting balance force between slide block and upper die of mechanical press - Google Patents
Method for adjusting device capable of automatically adjusting balance force between slide block and upper die of mechanical press Download PDFInfo
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- CN109624381B CN109624381B CN201811510190.6A CN201811510190A CN109624381B CN 109624381 B CN109624381 B CN 109624381B CN 201811510190 A CN201811510190 A CN 201811510190A CN 109624381 B CN109624381 B CN 109624381B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/0064—Counterbalancing means for movable press elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/14—Control arrangements for mechanically-driven presses
- B30B15/148—Electrical control arrangements
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Abstract
The invention relates to an adjusting method of a device capable of automatically adjusting the balance force of a slide block and an upper die of a mechanical press, which is characterized by comprising a pneumatic balance cylinder assembly, a pressure detection device, a pressure adjusting device, a controller and a working force detection device, wherein the pneumatic balance cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder and a balance rod; the air cylinder comprises an air cylinder body, a piston rod and a piston, an air inlet pipe communicated with the air cylinder body is arranged at the lower part of the air cylinder body, and the end part of the balancing rod is transversely connected with the lower end of the piston rod; the pressure detection device and the pressure adjusting device are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipe from left to right, and the pressure adjusting device and the pressure detection device are respectively and electrically connected with the controller; the working force detection device is electrically connected with the controller. The device has the advantages of pressure monitoring function, pressure automatic adjusting function, piston rod broken rod early warning function, slider working load monitoring function and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an adjusting method of a device capable of automatically adjusting balance force of a slide block and an upper die of a mechanical press.
Background
The pneumatic balance cylinder assembly widely adopted by the traditional mechanical press improves the stability of the movement of a slide block of the mechanical press, ensures that the clearance of a transmission system is kept on a non-stressed surface, but because of the lack of an online monitoring device, the pneumatic balance cylinder assembly lacks gas pressure dynamic monitoring, when the weight of a die is changed, the gas pressure of the pneumatic balance cylinder assembly cannot be automatically adjusted, and if the gas pressure is too large, the piston rod of the pneumatic balance cylinder assembly lacks broken rod monitoring and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a device which has the functions of pressure monitoring, pressure automatic adjustment, piston rod broken rod early warning and slider working load monitoring and can automatically adjust the balance force of a mechanical press slider and an upper die.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a device capable of automatically adjusting a balance force between a ram and an upper mold of a mechanical press, comprising:
the pneumatic balancing cylinder assembly comprises more than one pneumatic balancing cylinder assembly, and each pneumatic balancing cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder longitudinally arranged on the mechanical press and a balancing rod connected with a sliding block of the mechanical press; the air cylinder comprises an air cylinder body, a piston rod and a piston, the piston is arranged in the air cylinder body and can axially move up and down, an air inlet pipe communicated with the lower part of the air cylinder body is arranged at the lower part of the air cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is arranged on the piston and axially moves up and down along with the piston, the other end of the piston rod penetrates through the air cylinder body to be communicated with the outside, and the end part of the balance rod is transversely connected with the lower end of the piston rod;
more than one pressure detection device, more than one pressure regulation device and controller; the pressure detection device and the pressure adjusting device are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipe from left to right, and the pressure adjusting device and the pressure detection device are respectively and electrically connected with the controller; and
the working force detection device is arranged on the connecting rod of the mechanical press; the working force detection device is electrically connected with the controller.
In the technical scheme, the pneumatic balancing cylinder comprises two pneumatic balancing cylinder assemblies, the end parts of balancing rods of the two pneumatic balancing cylinder assemblies are respectively and symmetrically arranged at two sides of a sliding block, and the piston generates an acting force F opposite to the gravity G of the sliding block under the action of an air sourceph，And said Fph＞G/2。
In the technical scheme, the lower end of the piston rod is provided with the tension detection device, so that the dynamic load of the piston rod is detected in real time, and the tension detection device is electrically connected with the control panel, so that the early warning function of rod breakage of the piston rod is provided.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention is realized by the method, which is an adjusting method of a device capable of automatically adjusting the balance force of a slide block and an upper die of a mechanical press, and comprises more than one pneumatic balance cylinder assembly, wherein each pneumatic balance cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder longitudinally arranged on the mechanical press and a balance rod connected with the slide block of the mechanical press; the air cylinder comprises an air cylinder body, a piston rod and a piston, the piston is arranged in the air cylinder body and can axially move up and down, an air inlet pipe communicated with the lower part of the air cylinder body is arranged at the lower part of the air cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is arranged on the piston and axially moves up and down along with the piston, the other end of the piston rod penetrates through the air cylinder body to be communicated with the outside, and the end part of the balance rod is transversely connected with the lower end of the piston rod; it is characterized by also comprising more than one pressure detection device, more than one pressure adjusting device, a controller and a pressure sensor arranged on the pressure detection deviceA working force detection device on the connecting rod of the mechanical press; the pressure detection device and the pressure adjusting device are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipe from left to right, and the controller is electrically connected with the pressure adjusting device, the pressure detection device and the working force detection device respectively; the die is arranged at the lower part of the sliding block; g is the weight of the slide and the mold, FphIs the balancing force provided by each pneumatically balanced cylinder assembly, FμIs the friction between the slide block and the guide rail of the mechanical press, m is the mass of the slide block and the die, a is the acceleration of the slide block and the die to the top dead center or the slide block and the die to the bottom dead center, P is the gas pressure in the cylinder body, and S is the effective sectional area in the cylinder body; the adjusting method comprises the following steps:
step one
When the mechanical press is in the constant-speed input and automatic continuous working modes of the driving motor and the weights of the slide block and the die are not changed, the controller respectively collects the working forces F of the slide block and the die at the top dead center through the working force detection deviceTDCAnd bottom dead center operating force FBDCThen, then
The working force F of the top dead center when the slide block and the die move upwards to the top dead centerTDCThe expression of (a) is: fTDC=G-2Fph+Fμ+ma
Working force F of bottom dead center when slide block and mould move down to bottom dead centerBDCThe expression of (a) is: fBDC=G-2Fph-Fμ+ma
According to the formula
And
the difference of the working force of the slide block and the die at the upper dead point and the lower dead point can be obtained:
F=FTDC-FBDC= [G-2FPh+Fμ+ma]- [G-2FPh-Fμ+ma]= 2×Fμ+ma
according to the formula
It can be known that when the driving motor is in uniform speed input motion, the acceleration a is known to be constant, and when the lateral force is not increased, the friction force F isμIs also constant, thus knowing that F and m are linear;
therefore, when the driving motor is in uniform input motion, the friction force F is generatedμUnder the condition of no change, if the mass m of the slide block and the mould is changed, the mass m is expressed by the formula
、
And
it can be seen that a change in m by Δ m will cause a change in F by Δ F;
or, when the driving motor is in uniform input motion, the friction force F is generatedμUnder the condition of no change, before the mass of the slide block and the mould changes, F collected by the working force detection deviceTDCAnd FBDCThe difference between is F1F collected by working force detection device after the mass of slide block and mould is changedTDCAnd FBDCThe difference between is F2，ΔF= F2-F1Obtaining Δ m according to the linear relationship between F and m;
in order to ensure that the clearance of the transmission system is kept in an unstressed surface, a balance force F is provided by each pneumatic balance cylinder assemblyphSatisfies Fph-G/2= Con, the value of Con being a constant value and the balance force Fph= P × S, there is therefore a linear relationship between Δ P and Δ m, which is Δ P= (g/2S) × Δ m, so the variation Δ P required for the gas pressure in the cylinder body can be calculated from Δ m;
step two
When the mass m of the slide block and the die is changed, the controller automatically outputs a signal to control the pressure adjusting device on the basis of the data of the pressure acquired by the pressure detecting device, so that the pressure of the pressure adjusting device generates a variable quantity delta P, and the automatic adjustment function of the balance force is realized.
In the technical scheme, the lower end of the piston rod is provided with the tension detection device, so that the dynamic load of the piston rod is detected in real time, and the tension detection device is electrically connected with the control panel, so that the early warning function of rod breakage of the piston rod is provided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the device has the functions of pressure monitoring, automatic pressure regulation, early warning of rod breakage of the piston rod and monitoring of the working load of the sliding block.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the pneumatically balanced cylinder assembly of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a device for automatically adjusting the balance force between a slide and an upper mold of a mechanical press includes:
the pneumatic balancing cylinder assembly comprises more than one pneumatic balancing cylinder assembly, wherein each pneumatic balancing cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder longitudinally arranged on the mechanical press and a balancing rod 4 connected with a sliding block 5 of the mechanical press; the air cylinder comprises an air cylinder body 1, a piston rod 2 and a piston 10, wherein the piston 10 is arranged in the air cylinder body 1 and can move up and down axially, an air inlet pipe 12 communicated with the lower part of the air cylinder body 1 is arranged at the lower part of the air cylinder body 1, one end of the piston rod 2 is arranged on the piston 10 and moves up and down axially along with the piston 10, the other end of the piston rod 2 penetrates through the air cylinder body 1 to be communicated with the outside, and the end part of the balance rod 4 is transversely connected with the lower end of the piston rod 2;
more than one pressure detection device 6, more than one pressure regulation device 7 and controller 8; the pressure detection device 6 and the pressure adjusting device 7 are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipe 12 from left to right, the pressure adjusting device 7 and the pressure detection device 6 are respectively and electrically connected with the controller 8, and the pressure adjusting device 7 adjusts the force of the piston rod 2; and
a working force detection device 9 arranged on the connecting rod 13 of the mechanical press; the working force detection device 9 is electrically connected to the controller 8.
In this embodiment, the pneumatic balancing cylinder assembly comprises two pneumatic balancing cylinder assemblies, the end parts of the balancing rods 4 of the two pneumatic balancing cylinder assemblies are respectively and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the sliding block 5, and the piston 10 generates an acting force F opposite to the gravity G of the sliding block 5 under the action of an air sourceph，And said Fph＞G/2。
In this embodiment, the lower end of the piston rod 2 is provided with the tension detection device 3, so as to detect the dynamic load of the piston rod 2 in real time, and the tension detection device 3 is electrically connected with the control board 8, so as to provide a rod breakage early warning function for the piston rod 2.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the method for adjusting the device capable of automatically adjusting the balance force between the slide block and the upper mold of the mechanical press comprises more than one pneumatic balance cylinder assembly, wherein each pneumatic balance cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder longitudinally arranged on the mechanical press and a balance rod 4 connected with the slide block 5 of the mechanical press; the air cylinder comprises an air cylinder body 1, a piston rod 2 and a piston 10, wherein the piston 10 is arranged in the air cylinder body 1 and can move up and down axially, an air inlet pipe 12 communicated with the lower part of the air cylinder body 1 is arranged at the lower part of the air cylinder body 1, one end of the piston rod 2 is arranged on the piston 10 and moves up and down axially along with the piston 10, the other end of the piston rod 2 penetrates through the air cylinder body 1 to be communicated with the outside, and the end part of the balance rod 4 is transversely connected with the lower end of the piston rod 2; it is characterized by that it also includes more than one pressure detectorThe device comprises a measuring device 6, more than one pressure adjusting device 7, a controller 8 and a working force detecting device 9 arranged on a connecting rod 13 of the mechanical press; the pressure detection device 6 and the pressure adjusting device 7 are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipe 12 from left to right, and the controller 8 is electrically connected with the pressure adjusting device 7, the pressure detection device 6 and the working force detection device 9 respectively; the die 14 is arranged at the lower part of the slide block 5; g is the weight of the slide 5 and the die 14, FphIs the balancing force provided by each pneumatically balanced cylinder assembly, FμIs the friction between the slide 5 and the die 14 and the guide rail of the mechanical press, m is the mass of the slide 5 and the die 14, a is the acceleration of the slide 5 and the die 14 to the top dead center or the slide 5 and the die 14 to the bottom dead center, P is the gas pressure in the cylinder body 1, S is the effective sectional area in the cylinder body 1; the adjusting method comprises the following steps:
step one
When the mechanical press is in the constant-speed input and automatic continuous working modes of the driving motor and the weights of the slide block 5 and the die 14 are not changed, the controller 8 respectively collects the working forces F of the slide block 5 and the die 14 at the top dead center through the working force detection device 9TDCAnd bottom dead center operating force FBDCThen, then
The operating force F of the top dead center when the slide 5 and the die 14 move up to the top dead centerTDCThe expression of (a) is: fTDC=G-2Fph+Fμ+ma
The operating force F of the bottom dead center when the slide 5 and the die 14 move down to the bottom dead centerBDCThe expression of (a) is: fBDC=G-2Fph-Fμ+ma
According to the formula
And
the difference between the operating forces of the slide 5 and of the die 14 at the top dead centre and at the bottom dead centre can be obtained:
F=FTDC-FBDC= [G-2FPh+Fμ+ma]- [G-2FPh-Fμ+ma]= 2×Fμ+ma
according to the formula
It can be known that when the driving motor is in uniform speed input motion, the acceleration a is known to be constant, and when the lateral force is not increased, the friction force F isμIs also constant, thus knowing that F and m are linear;
therefore, when the driving motor is in uniform input motion, the friction force F is generatedμWithout change, if the mass m of the slide 5 and of the die 14 changes, according to the formula
、
And
it can be seen that a change in m by Δ m will cause a change in F by Δ F;
or, when the driving motor is in uniform input motion, the friction force F is generatedμUnder the condition of no change, before the mass of the slide block 5 and the die 14 changes, F collected by the working force detection device 9TDCAnd FBDCThe difference between is F1F collected by the working force detection device 9 after the mass of the slide block 5 and the die 14 is changedTDCAnd FBDCThe difference between is F2，ΔF= F2-F1Obtaining Δ m according to the linear relationship between F and m;
in order to ensure that the clearance of the transmission system is kept in an unstressed surface, a balance force F is provided by each pneumatic balance cylinder assemblyphSatisfies Fph-G/2= Con, the value of Con being a constant value and the balance force FphG = mxg, i.e., P × S- (m × G)/2= Con, P = Con/S + (m × G)/2S, since Con is a constant value, and Con/S is also a constant value when S is constant, Δ P = (G/2S) × Δ m, and therefore there is a linear relationship between Δ P and Δ m, and thus the amount of change Δ P required in the gas pressure in the cylinder body 1 can be calculated from Δ m;
step two
When the mass m of the slide block 5 and the die 14 changes, the controller 8 automatically outputs a signal to control the pressure adjusting device 7 on the basis of the data of the pressure collected by the pressure detecting device 6, so that the pressure of the pressure adjusting device generates a variable quantity delta P, and the automatic adjustment function of the balance force is realized.
In this embodiment, the lower end of the piston rod 2 is provided with the tension detection device 3, so as to detect the dynamic load of the piston rod 2 in real time, and the tension detection device 3 is electrically connected with the control board 8, so as to provide a rod breakage early warning function for the piston rod 2.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. An adjusting method of a device capable of automatically adjusting balance force of a mechanical press sliding block and an upper die comprises more than one pneumatic balance cylinder assembly, wherein each pneumatic balance cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder longitudinally arranged on a mechanical press and a balance rod (4) connected with the mechanical press sliding block (5); the cylinder includes cylinder body (1), piston rod (2) and piston (10), axial displacement about piston (10) are established in cylinder body (1) and can the lower part of cylinder body (1) is equipped with intake pipe (12) rather than the intercommunication, the one end of piston rod (2) is established on piston (10) and along with axial displacement about piston (10), another tip of piston rod (2) pass cylinder body (1) and outer axial displacementThe balance rod (4) is communicated with the boundary, and the end part of the balance rod is transversely connected with the lower end of the piston rod (2); the device is characterized by also comprising more than one pressure detection device (6), more than one pressure adjusting device (7), a controller (8) and a working force detection device (9) arranged on a connecting rod (13) of the mechanical press; the pressure detection device (6) and the pressure adjusting device (7) are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipe (12) from left to right, and the controller (8) is electrically connected with the pressure adjusting device (7), the pressure detection device (6) and the working force detection device (9) respectively; the die (14) is arranged at the lower part of the slide block (5); g is the weight of the slide (5) and the mold (14), FphIs the balancing force provided by each pneumatically balanced cylinder assembly, FμIs the friction force between the slide block (5) and the guide rail of the mechanical press, m is the mass of the slide block (5) and the die (14), a is the acceleration of the slide block (5) and the die (14) to the top dead center or the slide block (5) and the die (14) to the bottom dead center, P is the gas pressure in the cylinder body (1), and S is the effective sectional area in the cylinder body (1); the adjusting method comprises the following steps:
step one
When the mechanical press is in a constant-speed input and automatic continuous working mode of a driving motor and the weights of the slide block (5) and the die (14) are not changed, the controller (8) respectively acquires the working forces F of the slide block (5) and the die (14) at the top dead center through the working force detection device (9)TDCAnd bottom dead center operating force FBDCThen, then
When the slide (5) and the die (14) move up to the top dead center, the working force F of the top dead centerTDCThe expression of (a) is: fTDC=G-2Fph+Fμ+ma
When the slide (5) and the die (14) move downwards to the bottom dead center, the working force F of the bottom dead centerBDCThe expression of (a) is: fBDC=G-2Fph-（Fμ+ma）
According to the formula
And
the difference of the working forces of the slide block (5) and the die (14) at the upper dead point and the lower dead point can be obtained:
F=FTDC-FBDC= [G-2FPh+Fμ+ma]- [G-2FPh-（Fμ+ma）]= 2×（Fμ+ma）
according to the formula
It can be known that when the driving motor is in uniform speed input motion, the acceleration a is known to be constant, and when the lateral force is not increased, the friction force F isμIs also constant, thus knowing that F and m are linear;
therefore, when the driving motor is in uniform input motion, the friction force F is generatedμUnder the same condition, if the mass m of the slide block (5) and the mould (14) is changed, the mass m is expressed by the formula
、
And
it can be seen that a change in m by Δ m will cause a change in F by Δ F;
or, when the driving motor is in uniform input motion, the friction force F is generatedμUnder the condition of no change, the mass of the slide block (5) and the die (14) is changedF collected by working force detection device (9) before changingTDCAnd FBDCThe difference between is F1F collected by the working force detection device (9) after the mass of the slide block (5) and the die (14) is changedTDCAnd FBDCThe difference between is F2，ΔF= F2-F1Obtaining Δ m according to the linear relationship between F and m;
in order to ensure that the clearance of the transmission system is kept in an unstressed surface, a balance force F is provided by each pneumatic balance cylinder assemblyphSatisfies Fph-G/2= Con, the value of Con being a constant value and the balance force FphSince Δ P and Δ m have a linear relationship of Δ P = (g/2S) × Δ m, the amount of change Δ P required for the gas pressure in the cylinder body (1) can be calculated from Δ m;
step two
After the mass m of the sliding block (5) and the die (14) is changed, the controller (8) automatically outputs signals to control the pressure adjusting device (7) on the basis of the data of the pressure collected by the pressure detecting device (6), so that the pressure of the pressure adjusting device generates a variable quantity delta P, and the automatic adjustment function of the balance force is realized.
2. Method for adjusting a device for automatically adjusting the balance force of a slide and an upper die of a mechanical press according to claim 1, comprising two pneumatically balanced cylinder assemblies, wherein the ends of the balance rods (4) of the two pneumatically balanced cylinder assemblies are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slide (5), respectively, and the piston (10) generates a force F opposite to the gravity G of the slide (5) under the action of the air sourceph，And said Fph＞G/2。
3. The method for adjusting the device capable of automatically adjusting the balance force between the slide block and the upper die of the mechanical press according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the piston rod (2) is provided with a tension detection device (3) so as to detect the dynamic load of the piston rod (2) in real time, and the tension detection device (3) is electrically connected with the controller (8) so as to provide a rod breakage warning function for the piston rod (2).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811510190.6A CN109624381B (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2018-12-11 | Method for adjusting device capable of automatically adjusting balance force between slide block and upper die of mechanical press |
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| CN201811510190.6A CN109624381B (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2018-12-11 | Method for adjusting device capable of automatically adjusting balance force between slide block and upper die of mechanical press |
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| CN109624381B true CN109624381B (en) | 2020-10-20 |
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| CN110406154B (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-06-11 | 一重集团天津重工有限公司 | Method for testing function of slide block component of mechanical press |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1030288B (en) * | 1954-04-07 | 1958-05-22 | Kieler Howaldtswerke Ag | Multi-cylinder hydraulic press brake |
| US3168918A (en) * | 1961-06-08 | 1965-02-09 | Ass Elect Ind | Crimping machine |
| CN1114599A (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1996-01-10 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Method and apparatus for optimizing press operating condition based on press operaing environment and/or physical condition of blank |
| CN101015962A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2007-08-15 | 南京埃斯顿数字技术有限公司 | Control system and control method for mechanical pressure machine |
| CN201124584Y (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2008-10-01 | 济南二机床集团有限公司 | Back pressure adjusting apparatus for press ram |
| CN103786365A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-05-14 | 合肥海德数控液压设备有限公司 | Pressure follow-up control electrical control system of hydraulic machine special for shell cover |
-
2018
- 2018-12-11 CN CN201811510190.6A patent/CN109624381B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1030288B (en) * | 1954-04-07 | 1958-05-22 | Kieler Howaldtswerke Ag | Multi-cylinder hydraulic press brake |
| US3168918A (en) * | 1961-06-08 | 1965-02-09 | Ass Elect Ind | Crimping machine |
| CN1114599A (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1996-01-10 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Method and apparatus for optimizing press operating condition based on press operaing environment and/or physical condition of blank |
| CN101015962A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2007-08-15 | 南京埃斯顿数字技术有限公司 | Control system and control method for mechanical pressure machine |
| CN201124584Y (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2008-10-01 | 济南二机床集团有限公司 | Back pressure adjusting apparatus for press ram |
| CN103786365A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-05-14 | 合肥海德数控液压设备有限公司 | Pressure follow-up control electrical control system of hydraulic machine special for shell cover |
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| CN109624381A (en) | 2019-04-16 |
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