CN109623129B - Welding process for friction stir welding of closed box structure - Google Patents
Welding process for friction stir welding of closed box structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109623129B CN109623129B CN201811498219.3A CN201811498219A CN109623129B CN 109623129 B CN109623129 B CN 109623129B CN 201811498219 A CN201811498219 A CN 201811498219A CN 109623129 B CN109623129 B CN 109623129B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of friction stir welding of a box structure, in particular to an inner support device for friction stir welding of a closed box structure and a welding process thereof. The detachable inner supporting device is preset at the end part of the sealed box body before welding for supporting the welding position, the end surface of the box body is additionally provided with a lap joint with the supporting position to serve as a welding position, and the lap joint position is welded by adopting a friction stir welding mode to seal the end surface of the box body. And after welding, the combined supporting joint of the inner supporting device is controlled, so that the supporting joint is separated and does not have a supporting function any more, the inner supporting device is separated into single components at the moment, the size of the end face of each component is smaller than that of an external communicating hole of the sealing box body, the components of the inner supporting device are taken out from the through holes one by one through the outer lifting cables, and finally the end face sealing and welding process of the sealing box body structure is realized. The invention has simple structure, low cost and convenient operation, and is suitable for the end face seal welding of the sealed box body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of friction stir welding of a box structure, in particular to a friction stir welding process for a closed box structure.
Background
Mechanical energy is converted into heat energy as a welding heat source through friction in the friction stir welding process, so that a workpiece can bear the action of larger mechanical force in the welding process, the workpiece needs to be rigidly fixed for ensuring smooth proceeding in the welding process, and a gasket needs to be additionally arranged on the back of the workpiece for preventing the workpiece from sinking downwards. Compared with other arc welding processes, the friction stir welding has higher requirements on workpiece clamping. Based on the particularity of friction stir welding, the friction stir welding is mainly used for structural forms with relatively simple structures, such as butt joint long straight welding seams, flat plate lap welding seams and the like. For complex structural members, the requirements for tooling are higher, and therefore, the application of friction stir welding on the complex structural members is also limited.
The box-type structure is a common structural form in industrial manufacturing, and the sealed box body is a special form of the box body structure, which avoids large-size connection with the external environment and only reserves small-size communication space. The sealed box structure is mostly a vehicle body oil tank component. For the corresponding national energy policy, the structure is gradually changed from ferrous metals such as steel and the like to non-ferrous metals such as aluminum alloy and the like, so as to achieve the effects of weight reduction and energy conservation. This kind of sealed box is mostly the sheet metal structure, adopts traditional arc welding technology because heat input causes welding deformation easily too big, and the difficult correction after the deformation. The friction stir welding is a solid phase connection technology suitable for non-ferrous metal welding, completely meets the requirements of the sealing structure on the welding process, and can greatly simplify the complexity of the welding process. However, the high requirement of friction stir welding for clamping makes the internal support device of the box structure be an obstacle restricting the application of friction stir welding. The performance requirement of the airtight box type structure on the inner supporting device is higher, and on the premise that the inner supporting structure can provide enough rigid support for the welding process, the flexible detachable function of the supporting structure must be ensured so that the inner supporting structure can be taken out from the small-size through hole of the box structure. There is a limit to the rigid support that can be provided by the internal support means in a small space, and it is therefore necessary to adapt to the corresponding process in order to reduce the effect of mechanical forces on the support structure during welding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of friction stir welding in welding a sealed box body, and provides a friction stir welding process for a sealed box body structure.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows:
the stirring friction stir welding of the sealed box body is characterized in that the separable inner supporting device is preset in the box body, the inner supporting device is quickly separated through related components after welding is completed, and the separating components are taken out through box body through holes to complete the welding process.
The inner supporting device comprises a large supporting arm, a small supporting arm, a large and small arm horizontal connecting joint, a large and small arm vertical connecting joint, a connecting rod locking mechanism and an outer lifting cable; the support arm of level and vertical direction comprises big arm and forearm, and the horizontal direction is connected by the horizontal connection joint, has vertical connection joint to connect in the vertical direction, and the support arm four corners is by the angle joint position joint, takes out each position subassembly via the box through-hole through carrying the zip outward.
The specific working steps are as follows:
(1) assembling an inner support: the large arm and the small arm of the horizontal supporting arm are connected through a horizontal connecting joint, the large arm and the small arm of the vertical supporting arm are connected through a vertical connecting joint, and the horizontal supporting arm and the vertical supporting arm are connected through an angle joint position joint, so that the inner supporting device is finally obtained;
(2) clamping the end part of the sealed box body: the inner support device is arranged at the end part of the sealed box body, so that the inner support device is tightly attached to the sealed box body, the end cover of the sealed box body is equipped to form a lap joint with the end part of the box body, and the lap joint is fixed outside through a tool fixture so as to ensure the stability of the joint in the welding process;
(3) and (3) welding: welding the lap joint of the sealed box body by adopting friction stir welding, and sealing and welding the periphery of the box body to realize the periphery sealing of the box body;
(4) removing the inner support: after welding, the joint locking mechanism is moved through the outer lifting cable, so that the joint loses the supporting effect on the connecting arms at two sides, the supporting arms are automatically separated to form small-size assemblies, and the assemblies are taken out from the through holes of the box body through the outer lifting cables connected to the assemblies.
The inner support device for friction stir welding of the sealed box body can realize welding of the box body with the wall thickness of 2-5 mm and the length of the long edge of the cross section of the box body within 700 mm.
The connecting joint of the inner supporting device of the sealed box body has the function of adjusting the length direction, and the tight fit between the large supporting arm and the small supporting arm is ensured.
The stirring head is a frustum-shaped positive-rotation threaded stirring head, the length of the stirring pin is greater than the thickness of the stirring plate, and the stirring length is 110-130% of the wall thickness of the box body according to the wall thickness characteristics of different box bodies.
The rotating speed of the stirring head is 900-1100 r/min, and the welding speed is 90-200 mm/min; the distance between the shaft shoulder of the stirring head and the edge of the upper plate of the lap joint is 2.5-4 mm; the advancing side direction during the welding process is positioned at the edge side of the upper plate of the lap joint.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. the invention mainly aims at the end face seal welding link of the final stage of the aluminum alloy sealing box, the process of external welding is completed by presetting the combined inner support device to assist the friction stir welding, the inner support device is rapidly separated by moving the connecting mechanism after the welding is completed, and the separating component is taken out by utilizing the through hole. The friction stir welding can be used for the final sealing and welding link of the sealed box body, and the purposes of simplifying the welding process, improving the welding efficiency and reducing the welding deformation are achieved.
2. The inner supporting device is simple in structure and convenient to disassemble and assemble, can realize rapid assembly of workpieces, can realize rapid separation of components only by moving the locking joint after welding, and assists in friction stir welding to realize the end face seal welding link of the box structure.
3. The locking key of the inner support device is transversely telescopic, so that the problems of assembly clearance or interference fit and the like caused by inaccurate length of the support arm can be solved; the box body structures with different sizes can be welded by replacing the supporting arms, and the combination mode is very flexible.
4. The invention enables the friction stir welding to be used in the end face sealing welding link of the box body structure, simplifies the complexity of the end face sealing welding process of the box body structure by utilizing the advantages of the friction stir welding, improves the welding efficiency, and simultaneously can reduce the deformation degree of the box body due to the low heat input of the friction stir welding, thereby ensuring the size precision of the box body.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a view showing an assembly structure of an inner support device.
In the figure: 1-sealing structure barrel body part, 2-vertical supporting large arm, 3-fixing bolt, 4-large arm locking buckle and 5-locking
A connecting rod, 6-a small arm locking buckle, 7-a locking mechanism, 8-a vertical supporting small arm, 9-a horizontal supporting small arm and 10-a horizontal support
The large arm is supported, 11-through holes and 12-pulling cables are lifted outwards.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of the inner support device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in the following with reference to the drawings and examples
The internal support structure for friction stir welding of a sealed box structure 1 of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-2, comprises: the vertical supporting arm is composed of a vertical supporting large arm 2 and a vertical supporting small arm 8, the vertical supporting large arm 2 and the vertical supporting small arm 8 are connected through a locking connecting rod 5, the locking connecting rod 5 is fixed on the vertical supporting large arm 2 through a fixing bolt 3 and limited through the locking connecting rod and a connecting rod locking mechanism, the connecting rod locking mechanism 7 is installed on the vertical locking small arm 8 and used for longitudinally positioning the locking connecting rod 5 and finally limiting the freedom degree of the locking connecting rod 5, and a large arm locking buckle 4 and a small arm locking buckle 6 are respectively arranged on the vertical supporting large arm 2 and the vertical locking small arm 8; horizontal support arm is similar with vertical support arm, and the end of will carrying out cable 12 outward is placed in the outer end through-hole 11 in the installation, and carrying out cable and support arm and locking position are connected, and the cable 12 is carried out outward in the pulling after the welding is accomplished, makes locking mechanism loosen, loses the locking support, and the support arm is not hard up by oneself and drops, takes out support component through hole 11 through carrying out the cable again.
During specific implementation, horizontal support arm and vertical support arm cooperate through the step of both ends department, play the spacing effect of mutual support, rotate locking connecting rod 5, make support big arm and support the forearm and be connected, then adjust connecting rod locking mechanism 7, finally inject the removal of support arm, the outer cable of carrying out of pulling after the welding is accomplished loosens locking slider, and pulling locking connecting rod makes the support arm separation, pulls out through the external force cable with interior support assembly.
Example 1
Step 1: the inner support assembly is realized by connecting a large arm and a small arm of a horizontal support arm through a horizontal connecting joint, connecting a large arm and a small arm of a vertical support arm through a vertical connecting joint, and connecting the horizontal support arm and the vertical support arm through an angle joint position joint, so that the inner support device is finally obtained;
step 2: clamping the end part of a sealed box body, arranging an inner supporting device at the end part of the sealed box body to ensure that the inner supporting device is tightly attached to the sealed box body, assembling an end cover of the sealed box body to form a lap joint with the end part of the box body, and fixing the lap joint outside through a tool clamp to ensure the stability of the joint in the welding process;
and step 3: setting welding parameters, wherein the thickness of the box body plate is 3mm, a stirring pin with the length of 4.7mm is selected for welding, the welding speed is 900r/min, the welding speed is 100mm/min, and the advancing side direction is positioned on the edge side of the upper plate of the lap joint.
And 4, step 4: in the welding process, friction stir welding is adopted to weld the lap joint of the sealed box body, and the periphery of the box body is sealed and welded to realize the periphery sealing of the box body;
and 5: and (3) removing the inner support, carrying the locking mechanism of the joint through the outer lifting cable after welding, so that the joint loses the supporting effect on the connecting arms at two sides, the supporting arms are automatically separated to form small-size assemblies, and the assemblies are taken out from the through holes 11 of the box body through the outer lifting cables connected to the assemblies.
Example 2
Step 1: the inner support assembly is realized by connecting a large arm and a small arm of a horizontal support arm through a horizontal connecting joint, connecting a large arm and a small arm of a vertical support arm through a vertical connecting joint, and connecting the horizontal support arm and the vertical support arm through an angle joint position joint, so that the inner support device is finally obtained;
step 2: clamping the end part of a sealed box body, arranging an inner supporting device at the end part of the sealed box body to ensure that the inner supporting device is tightly attached to the sealed box body, assembling an end cover of the sealed box body to form a lap joint with the end part of the box body, and fixing the lap joint outside through a tool clamp to ensure the stability of the joint in the welding process;
and step 3: setting welding parameters, wherein the thickness of the box body plate is 4mm, a stirring pin with the length of 5.7mm is selected for welding, the welding speed is 1000r/min, the welding speed is 120mm/min, and the advancing side direction is positioned on the edge side of the upper plate of the lap joint.
And 4, step 4: in the welding process, friction stir welding is adopted to weld the lap joint of the sealed box body, and the periphery of the box body is sealed and welded to realize the periphery sealing of the box body;
and 5: and (3) removing the inner support, moving the locking mechanism of the joint through the outer lifting cable after welding, so that the joint loses the supporting effect on the connecting arms at two sides, and thus, the supporting arms are automatically separated to form small-size assemblies, and each assembly is taken out from the through hole of the box body through the outer lifting cable connected to each assembly.
Example 3
Step 1: the inner support assembly is realized by connecting a large arm and a small arm of a horizontal support arm through a horizontal connecting joint, connecting a large arm and a small arm of a vertical support arm through a vertical connecting joint, and connecting the horizontal support arm and the vertical support arm through an angle joint position joint, so that the inner support device is finally obtained;
step 2: clamping the end part of a sealed box body, arranging an inner supporting device at the end part of the sealed box body to ensure that the inner supporting device is tightly attached to the sealed box body, assembling an end cover of the sealed box body to form a lap joint with the end part of the box body, and fixing the lap joint outside through a tool clamp to ensure the stability of the joint in the welding process;
and step 3: setting welding parameters, wherein the thickness of the box body plate is 6mm, a stirring pin with the length of 7.7mm is selected for welding, the welding speed is 1100r/min, the welding speed is 170mm/min, and the advancing side direction is positioned on the edge side of the upper plate of the lap joint.
And 4, step 4: in the welding process, friction stir welding is adopted to weld the lap joint of the sealed box body, and the periphery of the box body is sealed and welded to realize the periphery sealing of the box body;
and 5: and (3) removing the inner support, moving the locking mechanism of the joint through the outer lifting cable after welding, so that the joint loses the supporting effect on the connecting arms at two sides, and thus, the supporting arms are automatically separated to form small-size assemblies, and each assembly is taken out from the through hole of the box body through the outer lifting cable connected to each assembly.
Example 4
Step 1: the inner support assembly is realized by connecting a large arm and a small arm of a horizontal support arm through a horizontal connecting joint, connecting a large arm and a small arm of a vertical support arm through a vertical connecting joint, and connecting the horizontal support arm and the vertical support arm through an angle joint position joint, so that the inner support device is finally obtained;
step 2: clamping the end part of a sealed box body, arranging an inner supporting device at the end part of the sealed box body to ensure that the inner supporting device is tightly attached to the sealed box body, assembling an end cover of the sealed box body to form a lap joint with the end part of the box body, and fixing the lap joint outside through a tool clamp to ensure the stability of the joint in the welding process;
and step 3: setting welding parameters, wherein the thickness of the box body plate is 4mm, a stirring pin with the length of 5.7mm is selected for welding, the welding speed is 1000r/min, the welding speed is 100mm/min, and the advancing side direction is positioned on the edge side of the upper plate of the lap joint.
And 4, step 4: in the welding process, friction stir welding is adopted to weld the lap joint of the sealed box body, and the periphery of the box body is sealed and welded to realize the periphery sealing of the box body;
and 5: and (3) removing the inner support, moving the locking mechanism of the joint through the outer lifting cable after welding, so that the joint loses the supporting effect on the connecting arms at two sides, and thus, the supporting arms are automatically separated to form small-size assemblies, and each assembly is taken out from the through hole of the box body through the outer lifting cable connected to each assembly.
Example 5
Step 1: the inner support assembly is realized by connecting a large arm and a small arm of a horizontal support arm through a horizontal connecting joint, connecting a large arm and a small arm of a vertical support arm through a vertical connecting joint, and connecting the horizontal support arm and the vertical support arm through an angle joint position joint, so that the inner support device is finally obtained;
step 2: clamping the end part of a sealed box body, arranging an inner supporting device at the end part of the sealed box body to ensure that the inner supporting device is tightly attached to the sealed box body, assembling an end cover of the sealed box body to form a lap joint with the end part of the box body, and fixing the lap joint outside through a tool clamp to ensure the stability of the joint in the welding process;
and step 3: setting welding parameters, wherein the thickness of the box body plate is 5mm, a stirring pin with the length of 6.7mm is selected for welding, the welding speed is 950r/min, the welding speed is 100mm/min, and the advancing side direction is positioned on the edge side of the upper plate of the lap joint.
And 4, step 4: in the welding process, friction stir welding is adopted to weld the lap joint of the sealed box body, and the periphery of the box body is sealed and welded to realize the periphery sealing of the box body;
and 5: and (3) removing the inner support, moving the locking mechanism of the joint through the outer lifting cable after welding, so that the joint loses the supporting effect on the connecting arms at two sides, and thus, the supporting arms are automatically separated to form small-size assemblies, and each assembly is taken out from the through hole of the box body through the outer lifting cable connected to each assembly.
Example 6
Step 1: the inner support assembly is realized by connecting a large arm and a small arm of a horizontal support arm through a horizontal connecting joint, connecting a large arm and a small arm of a vertical support arm through a vertical connecting joint, and connecting the horizontal support arm and the vertical support arm through an angle joint position joint, so that the inner support device is finally obtained;
step 2: clamping the end part of a sealed box body, arranging an inner supporting device at the end part of the sealed box body to ensure that the inner supporting device is tightly attached to the sealed box body, assembling an end cover of the sealed box body to form a lap joint with the end part of the box body, and fixing the lap joint outside through a tool clamp to ensure the stability of the joint in the welding process;
and step 3: setting welding parameters, wherein the thickness of the box body plate is 6mm, a stirring pin with the length of 7.7mm is selected for welding, the welding speed is 1100r/min, the welding speed is 200mm/min, and the advancing side direction is positioned on the edge side of the upper plate of the lap joint.
And 4, step 4: in the welding process, friction stir welding is adopted to weld the lap joint of the sealed box body, and the periphery of the box body is sealed and welded to realize the periphery sealing of the box body;
and 5: and (3) removing the inner support, moving the locking mechanism of the joint through the outer lifting cable after welding, so that the joint loses the supporting effect on the connecting arms at two sides, and thus, the supporting arms are automatically separated to form small-size assemblies, and each assembly is taken out from the through hole of the box body through the outer lifting cable connected to each assembly.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of some of the process combinations of the present invention and do not represent all of the effective process combinations of the present invention, and the effective process parameter ranges of the present invention are set forth in the claims, and therefore other combinations are also within the scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a welding technology for friction stir welding of seal box structure, its characterized in that presets interior strutting arrangement through the terminal surface position at seal box inside, does fixed restraint to the box in the normal direction, and the overlap joint form structure is realized with fixed position to box seal end face, adopts friction stir welding to weld the overlap joint position, and the welding finishes the back and rotates joint realization device autosegregation, takes out the strutting arrangement subassembly at last:
the inner supporting device comprises a vertical supporting large arm (2), a fastening bolt (3), a large arm and small arm connecting joint (5), a locking mechanism (7), a vertical supporting small arm (8), a horizontal supporting large arm (9), a horizontal supporting small arm (10) and an outer lifting cable (12); the supporting arms in the horizontal and vertical directions are composed of a horizontal supporting large arm (9) and a horizontal supporting small arm (10), the supporting large arm is connected through a large arm connecting joint and a small arm connecting joint, and after welding is completed, each position assembly is taken out through a box body through hole (11) through an outer lifting zipper (12).
2. The friction stir welding process for the closed box structure according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) assembling an inner support: the large arm (2) and the small arm (8) of the vertical supporting arm are connected through a connecting joint (5), and the supporting arms are fixed through a connecting rod locking mechanism (7) to form an inner supporting device;
(2) clamping the end part of the sealed box body: the inner supporting device is arranged at the end part of the sealed box body, so that the inner supporting device is tightly attached to the sealed box body, the end cover of the sealed box body is assembled to form a lap joint with the end part of the box body, and the lap joint is fixed outside through a clamp so as to ensure the stability of the joint in the welding process;
(3) and (3) welding: welding the lap joint of the sealed box body by adopting friction stir welding, and sealing and welding the periphery of the box body to realize the periphery sealing of the box body;
(4) removing the inner supporting device: after welding, the locking mechanism of the connecting rod is moved through the lifting cables (12), so that the joints lose the supporting effect of the connecting arms on the two sides, the supporting arms are automatically separated to form small-size assemblies, and the assemblies are taken out from the through holes of the box body through the lifting cables (12) connected to the assemblies.
3. A friction stir welding process for sealing a tank structure as recited in claim 2 wherein the wall thickness of the tank is between 2 and 5mm and the length of the long side of the tank is within 7 mm.
4. A friction stir welding process for sealing box structures as recited in claim 2 wherein the joints of the inner support means are adjustable in length to ensure a tight fit between the large and small support arms.
5. A friction stir welding process for sealing a tank structure as defined in claim 2 wherein the weld is performed using a frustum-shaped forward-rotation screw pin having a pin length greater than the plate thickness and a pin length of between 110% and 130% of the wall thickness of the tank depending on the wall thickness characteristics of the tank.
6. A welding process of friction stir welding for sealing a box structure as recited in claim 5 wherein the rotational speed of the stirring head is 900-1100 r/min and the welding speed is 90-200 mm/min.
7. A welding process of friction stir welding for sealing box structures as recited in claim 6 wherein the distance between the shoulder of the stirring head and the edge of the upper plate of the lap joint is between 2.5 and 4 mm.
8. A welding process of friction stir welding for sealing a tank structure according to claim 2 wherein the advancing direction during welding is located on the edge side of the upper plate of the lap joint.
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| CN201811498219.3A CN109623129B (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2018-12-07 | Welding process for friction stir welding of closed box structure |
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| CN201811498219.3A CN109623129B (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2018-12-07 | Welding process for friction stir welding of closed box structure |
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