CN109622598A - A method of based on galvanic principles restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal - Google Patents
A method of based on galvanic principles restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN109622598A CN109622598A CN201910087124.0A CN201910087124A CN109622598A CN 109622598 A CN109622598 A CN 109622598A CN 201910087124 A CN201910087124 A CN 201910087124A CN 109622598 A CN109622598 A CN 109622598A
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- soil
- heavy metal
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- galvanic principles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
- B09C1/085—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically electrochemically, e.g. by electrokinetics
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods based on galvanic principles restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, comprising the following steps: 1) organic acid or its salting liquid or inorganic alkali solution are added into contaminated soil；2) positive and negative electrode formation primary battery is respectively implanted in soil two sides to discharge, make the heavy metal ion in soil to electrode transfer and be captured, to realize the reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil.The present invention can efficiently remove the Cu in soil2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Zn2+, each heavy metal species such as As (III, V) and Cr (III, VI), have that removal efficiency is high, at low cost, easy to operate, advantages of environment protection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil remediation fields, relate in particular to a kind of native using galvanic principles repairing heavy metal pollution
The method of earth.
Background technique
Heavy metal pollution of soil has become a global problem urgently to be resolved, and heavy metal is due to its hypertoxicity, difficult drop
Solution property and concealment, seriously threaten the ecosystem and human health.Currently, conventional method still accounts for master in remediation contaminated soil
Lead status, wherein earth excavation and disposition account for about 30%, and followed by in-situ chemical reparation, these method typically costs are high, right
Soil causes secondary destruction and removes to be not thorough.Electrochemical rehabilitation has and does not break as a kind of emerging soil restoring technology
Bad ecological environment, it is easy to operate and at low cost the features such as.
Existing electric repairing technique is to insert electrodes into contaminated underground water and soil region, applies shape after direct current
At electric field, the pollutant (such as toxic metals and organic pollutant) in soil is in electrochemical actions such as electromigration, electric osmose, electrophoresis
Lower directional migration is enriched in electrode zone, then passes through other methods (such as plating, precipitating/co-precipitation, ion exchange) removal.
Currently, electro reclamation still faces many problems.On the one hand, electro reclamation power consumption is big, it usually needs tens volts of voltage；
On the other hand, there are water decompositions for electro reclamation, and leading to cathode, nearby pH increases, and heavy metal ion is heavy close to the region of cathode
Form sediment, thus reduce heavy metal removing rate (Chem.Eng.J., 2009,169,703-710；Environ.Pollut.,2009,
157,3379-3386；Chem.Eng.J.,2017,316,601-608).
It is anode that existing document report, which is based on galvanic principles with air, be can remove in water body by cathode of Zero-valent Iron
Arsenic, still, anode usually requires expensive platinum electrode could allow exoelectrical reaction comparatively fast to carry out as catalyst, and this system is very
Hardly possible realizes the removal (J.Hazard.Mater., 2013,261,621-627) to heavy metal cation.The present invention is further to this
It makes improvements, is anode with cheap environment-friendly material Mn oxide or the mineral comprising Mn oxide, is negative with Zero-valent Iron
Pole not only can remove soil or heavy metal in water anion, but also the fake capacitance characteristic in iron and manganese oxides electric discharge reduction process
Can efficient capture heavy metal cation, be conducive to mineral resources it is reasonable using and heavy metal resources recycling.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing drawbacks, the present invention proposes a kind of method based on galvanic principles restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.With
The different material of oxidation-reduction potential forms natural primary battery system, is not necessarily to or lesser electric energy is only needed to supply, can drive
Heavy metal ions in soil passes through addition organic acid or its salting liquid or inorganic alkali soluble in contaminated soil to electrode transfer
Liquid can accelerate the migration of heavy metal ion, also, the electrode not decomposition of water nearby, thus heavy metal ion as leaching liquor
It will not be precipitated near electrode, to further increase heavy metal removing rate.
Method provided by the present invention the following steps are included:
1) organic acid or its salting liquid or inorganic alkali solution are added into contaminated soil；
2) positive and negative electrode formation primary battery is respectively implanted in soil two sides to discharge, make the heavy metal ion in soil
To electrode transfer and it is captured, thus realize the reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil,
The anode electrode is selected from Mn oxide or mineral (such as iron-manganese concretion, manganese sand, water sodium manganese comprising Mn oxide
Mine, cryptomelane etc.), the negative electrode is Zero-valent Iron.
Preferably, the organic acid is selected from oxalic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, fulvic acid, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, humic acid, described
Inorganic base is selected from sodium bicarbonate, saleratus, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide.
Preferably, the concentration of the organic acid or its salting liquid or inorganic alkali solution is 0.01-1mol/L.
Preferably, the quality of the organic acid or its salting liquid or inorganic alkali solution is 0.01-5 times of contaminated soil.
Preferably, the positive and negative electrode electrode was the powder of 60-200 mesh.
Preferably, the weight of the anode electrode is 0.001-0.1 times of contaminated soil, and the weight of the negative electrode is
0.001-0.1 times of contaminated soil.
Preferably, the electric current that the current density of the electric discharge is passed through by the control of constant-current discharge controller for every gram of negative electrode material
For 0.5-50mA.
By being inserted into positive and negative electrode in soil two sides and being connected to, primary battery body is collectively formed in external circuit and soil system
System.Transfer of the external circuit electronics from cathode to anode, migration of the Anions In Soils to cathode, cation to anode, is being closed
Electric current is formed in circuit.Positive electrode due to occur reduction reaction, surface negative charge increase, adsorbable fixed heavy metal sun from
1. son, the chemical reaction that anode occurs can be indicated by formula respectively:
①MnO2+yAx++xye-→AyMnO2
Here Ax+It is represented by Cd2+、Zn2+、Pb2+And Cu2+Equal heavy metal cations, xye-Indicate that Mn oxide obtains
Reduction reaction occurs for xy electron number, and Mn oxide surface negative charge increases, so that heavy metal cation be driven to be adsorbed on surface
To balance increased negative electrical charge.Negative electrode material increases since oxidation reaction, positive surface charge occurs, adsorbable fixed heavy metal yin
Ion.By taking heavy metal anion Cr (VI) and As (V) as an example, cathode occur chemical reaction can respectively by formula 2. -5. indicate:
②Fe-2e-→Fe2+
③3Fe2++2AsO4 3-→Fe3(AsO4)2↓
④4Fe3(AsO4)2+4AsO4 3-+6H2O+3O2→12FeAsO4+12OH-
⑤3Fe2++CrO4 2-+4H2O+4OH-→3Fe(OH)3↓+Cr(OH)3↓
Zero-valent Iron forms Fe due to electrochemical corrosion2+, and interact with Cr (VI) and As (V), Cr (VI) and As (V) are most
It is removed eventually in cathode in the form precipitated.The MnO in this primary battery system2It is transmitted with Fe respectively as Oxidizing and Reducing Agents
Electronics is not related to OH-And H+Redox, therefore there is no the decomposition of water.
In addition, different leaching liquors is different to the extraction ability of the heavy metal ion in soil, cause to a huge sum of money in soil
The removal of category differs greatly.If organic acid or its salt have a stronger complexing power to heavy metal cation, and inorganic alkaline solvent
There is stronger extraction ability to the oxo-anions of arsenic.According to the difference of soil property and pollution situation, suitable leaching may be selected
Propose agent.
The present invention can efficiently remove the Cu in soil2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Zn2+, As (III, V) and Cr (III, VI) etc. it is each
Heavy metal species have removal efficiency height, at low cost, easy to operate, advantages of environment protection.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below by embodiment.Soil sample in embodiment by Cu and As pollution is in Hubei
Province Huangshi Yangxin County is adopted, and iron-manganese concretion is adopted in Hubei Province Zaoyang City.
Embodiment 1
A method of the removal heavy metal in soil based on galvanic principles, steps are as follows:
1) the 0.1mol L of 0.3 times of weight is added to contaminated soil-1Disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid solution；
2) the iron-manganese concretion powder and iron powder that sieve with 100 mesh sieve are respectively placed in as the collector of electrode using stainless (steel) wire
The quality of anode and cathode in stainless (steel) wire as primary battery, iron-manganese concretion powder and iron powder be respectively 0.01 times of soil with
0.005 times, make cathode stainless (steel) wire wrap up one layer of cellulose mixture miillpore filter, prevent negative plate generate oxide into
Enter soil and change soil texture and property, positive and negative anodes are then respectively implanted soil two sides, is connected to positive and negative anodes with conducting wire, simultaneously
Controlling electric current that every gram of negative electrode material (iron powder) passes through respectively using constant-current discharge controller is 5mA, 10mA, 20mA, 40mA, when
Between be 20 days.
Have detected the total amount and bio-available Zn concentration of Cu and As in soil before and after the processing.It the results are shown in Table 1 and table 2, shown after processing
Write the total amount and bio-available Zn concentration for reducing heavy metal in soil.Additionally, due to 20mA and 40mA current density to removal effect
It is not much different, therefore preferably 20mA.
Table 1 before and after the processing in soil Cu total amount and bio-available Zn concentration
Table 2 before and after the processing in soil As total amount and bio-available Zn concentration
Embodiment 2
A method of the removal heavy metal in soil based on galvanic principles, comprising the following steps:
1) the 0.5mol L of 0.2 times of weight is added to contaminated soil-1Sodium citrate solution；
2) using stainless (steel) wire as the collector of electrode, by the manganese emery dust end sieved with 100 mesh sieve and the iron powder point for crossing 60 meshes
Anode and cathode as primary battery be not placed in stainless (steel) wire, and the quality of manganese emery dust end and iron powder is respectively 0.03 times of soil
With 0.01 times, make cathode stainless (steel) wire wrap up one layer of cellulose mixture miillpore filter, prevent negative plate generate oxide
Change soil texture and property into soil, positive and negative anodes are then respectively implanted soil two sides, is connected to positive and negative anodes with conducting wire, together
When to control electric current that every gram of negative electrode material (iron powder) passes through using constant-current discharge controller be 20mA, the time is 20 days.
By removal in 20 days, the total amount of Cu and bio-available Zn concentration were reduced respectively by 537.1 and 117.9mg/kg in soil
To 402.8 and 78.7mg/kg, total amount and available state decline 25.0% and 33.3% respectively；The total amount and available state of As in soil
Content is reduced to 69.3 and 10.4mg/kg by 80.7 and 12.9mg/kg respectively, and total amount and available state decline 14.1% He respectively
14.7%.
Embodiment 3
A method of the removal heavy metal in soil based on galvanic principles, comprising the following steps:
1) the 1mol L of 0.5 times of weight is added to contaminated soil-1Sodium humate solution；
2) the birnessite powder for crossing 60 meshes and iron powder are respectively placed in not as the collector of electrode using stainless (steel) wire
The quality of the interior anode and cathode as primary battery of the steel mesh that becomes rusty, birnessite powder and iron powder is 0.005 times of soil, is born
The stainless (steel) wire of pole wraps up one layer of cellulose mixture miillpore filter, and the oxide for preventing negative plate from generating enters soil and changes
Then positive and negative anodes are respectively implanted soil two sides by soil texture and property, be connected to positive and negative anodes with conducting wire, while using constant-current discharge
It is 40mA that controller, which controls the electric current that every gram of negative electrode material (iron powder) passes through, and the time is 20 days.
By removal in 20 days, the total amount of Cu and bio-available Zn concentration were reduced respectively by 537.1 and 117.9mg/kg in soil
To 394.9 and 75.7mg/kg, total amount and available state decline 26.5% and 35.8% respectively；The total amount and available state of As in soil
Content is reduced to 68.1 and 9.8mg/kg by 80.7 and 12.9mg/kg respectively, and total amount and available state decline 15.6% He respectively
24.0%.
Embodiment 4
A method of the removal heavy metal in soil based on galvanic principles, comprising the following steps:
1) the 0.5mol L of 0.1 times of weight is added to contaminated soil-1Sodium bicarbonate solution；
2) using stainless (steel) wire as the collector of electrode, by the cryptomelane powder sieved with 100 mesh sieve and the iron powder for crossing 200 meshes
Anode and cathode as primary battery be respectively placed in stainless (steel) wire, and the quality of cryptomelane powder and iron powder is respectively soil
0.01 times, make cathode stainless (steel) wire wrap up one layer of cellulose mixture miillpore filter, prevent negative plate generate oxide into
Enter soil and change soil texture and property, positive and negative anodes are then respectively implanted soil two sides, is connected to positive and negative anodes with conducting wire, simultaneously
Controlling the electric current that every gram of negative electrode material (iron powder) passes through respectively using constant-current discharge controller is 40mA, and the time is 20 days.
By removal in 20 days, the total amount of Cu and bio-available Zn concentration were reduced respectively by 537.1 and 117.9mg/kg in soil
To 467.2 and 99.5mg/kg, total amount and available state decline 13.0% and 15.6% respectively；The total amount and available state of As in soil
Content is reduced to 61.3 and 8.1mg/kg by 80.7 and 12.9mg/kg respectively, and total amount and available state decline 24.0% He respectively
37.2%.
Since extraction ability of the different leaching liquors to the heavy metal ion in soil is different, the selection of digestion agent is to soil
The repairing effect of middle heavy metal has direct influence, and sodium bicarbonate (inorganic base) solution has stronger leaching to the oxo-anions of arsenic
Ability is proposed, the reparation of the soil containing arsenic is more advantageous to.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method based on galvanic principles restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) organic acid or its salting liquid or inorganic alkali solution are added into contaminated soil；
2) it is respectively implanted positive and negative electrode in soil two sides and forms primary battery and discharge, make heavy metal ion in soil to electricity
Pole migrates and is captured, thus realize the reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil,
The anode electrode is selected from Mn oxide or the mineral comprising Mn oxide, and the negative electrode is Zero-valent Iron.
2. the method as described in claim 1 based on galvanic principles restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, it is characterised in that: described to have
Machine acid is selected from oxalic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, fulvic acid, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, humic acid, and the inorganic base is selected from sodium bicarbonate, carbon
Potassium hydrogen phthalate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide.
3. the method as described in claim 1 based on galvanic principles restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, it is characterised in that: described to have
The concentration of machine acid or its salting liquid or inorganic alkali solution is 0.01-1mol/L.
4. the method as described in claim 1 based on galvanic principles restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, it is characterised in that: described to have
The quality of machine acid or its salting liquid or inorganic alkali solution is 0.01-5 times of contaminated soil.
5. the method as described in claim 1 based on galvanic principles restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, it is characterised in that: described
Positive and negative electrode electrode was the powder of 60-200 mesh.
6. the method as described in claim 1 based on galvanic principles restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, it is characterised in that: it is described just
The weight of pole electrode is 0.001-0.1 times of contaminated soil, and the weight of the negative electrode is the 0.001-0.1 of contaminated soil
Times.
7. the method as described in claim 1 based on galvanic principles restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, it is characterised in that: described to put
It is 0.5-50mA that the current density of electricity, which is the electric current that every gram of negative electrode material passes through by the control of constant-current discharge controller,.
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| CN110510709A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-29 | 东华大学 | A kind of removable Cd2+Primary battery and its application |
| CN111136099A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-05-12 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for restoring heavy metal pollution based on reducibility of hydrogen molecules |
| CN113243281A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-13 | 中建八局第二建设有限公司 | Ecological drought xi system in sponge city saline and alkaline land |
| CN114538557A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-27 | 中南大学 | Cellulose nanocrystal-loaded nanoscale zero-valent iron composite material, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114774129A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-07-22 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Electrolyte for electrically repairing hexavalent chromium polluted soil and electric repairing method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110201992A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-09-06 | 常熟理工学院 | A kind of detoxification of chromium-polluted soil |
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| CN114538557A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-27 | 中南大学 | Cellulose nanocrystal-loaded nanoscale zero-valent iron composite material, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114538557B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-10-03 | 中南大学 | Cellulose nanocrystalline loaded nano zero-valent iron composite material, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114774129A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-07-22 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Electrolyte for electrically repairing hexavalent chromium polluted soil and electric repairing method |
| CN114774129B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2024-01-23 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Electrolyte for electrically repairing hexavalent chromium polluted soil and electrically repairing method |
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