CN109621998A - A kind of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109621998A CN109621998A CN201811487558.1A CN201811487558A CN109621998A CN 109621998 A CN109621998 A CN 109621998A CN 201811487558 A CN201811487558 A CN 201811487558A CN 109621998 A CN109621998 A CN 109621998A
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- molybdenum carbide
- dimensional meso
- hole carbon
- carbon
- molybdenum
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002751 molybdenum Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KLOIYEQEVSIOOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbocromen Chemical compound CC1=C(CCN(CC)CC)C(=O)OC2=CC(OCC(=O)OCC)=CC=C21 KLOIYEQEVSIOOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PDKHNCYLMVRIFV-UHFFFAOYSA-H molybdenum;hexachloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Mo] PDKHNCYLMVRIFV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxysuccinate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIJQAVTWBSRKQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diaminocyanamide Chemical compound C(#N)N(N)N QIJQAVTWBSRKQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001009 interstitial alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 transition metal carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/20—Carbon compounds
- B01J27/22—Carbides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/33—Electric or magnetic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to field of nano material preparation, a kind of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide and its preparation and application are disclosed.Soluble molybdenum salt is dissolved in water by the present invention, then organic matter carbon source and template is added, solution ph is adjusted to 0~7.0, then stirring evaporating water obtains gel, and gel is further dehydrated and obtains xerogel, under inert gas or reducing gas atmosphere, by xerogel high-temperature calcination, organic matter carbon source is carbonized to obtain carbon, and molybdenum reduction and carbonization can be obtained nano silicon carbide molybdenum by the reducing substances that organic matter carbon source carbonisation generates, and is then removed with diluted acid immersion up to target product.For block is carbonized molybdenum material, three-dimensional meso-hole carbon, which loads molybdenum carbide, has conductive three-dimensional carbon network structure, bigger specific surface area, more reactivity sites, and carbon support structures prevent reunion of the molybdenum carbide in high-temperature calcination, therefore three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide has excellent electrocatalysis characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of nanometer material preparation, in particular to a kind of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide and its system
Preparation Method and application.
Background technique
With the development of water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, at low cost, efficient water electrolysis hydrogen production method is obtained, used in
The demand of electrode catalyst is to be more and more obvious.Since the noble metals such as Pt are at high cost as electrolysis water catalyst, the low spy of reserves
Point, developing the novel non-precious metal catalyst of one kind just becomes the hot spot studied now, wherein transition metal carbides exist
Extensive concern is caused in the research process of electrolysis water.Transition metal carbide is by being embedded in carbon in transition metal lattice
Atom simultaneously forms chemical bond and is formed.Compared with its base metal and metal oxide, transition metal carbide can be shown
Far different physics and chemical property are shown.Transition metal carbide not only has high-melting-point, high rigidity and high tensile,
Possess high conductance and thermal conductivity simultaneously.It has recently been demonstrated that transition metal carbide shows the catalysis similar to noble metal
Characteristic, and these unique catalysis characteristics and its electronic structure and crystal structure are closely related.For molybdenum carbide, due to carbon
Change the unique interstitial compound structure of molybdenum, carbon atom can cause the expansion of molybdenum lattice, make after being embedded into molybdenum atom dot matrix
The distance between molybdenum atom is obtained to increase.The increase of this metal-metal atomic distance can cause molybdenum atom d energy band to be shunk,
So as to cause the increase of the d energy band density of molybdenum.On the other hand, in molybdenum carbide the s-p track of carbon and the d track of molybdenum can generate it is miscellaneous
Change, generated hydridization d track can appear similar to the electronic structure of precious metals pt.According to band theory, the electricity of d energy band
Sub- property can influence the absorption and activation of reactant significantly.Therefore molybdenum carbide is expected to obtain the catalysis spy for being similar to precious metals pt
Property, there is important researching value.
Carbon material has the potentiality as efficient stable HER catalyst due to its resistance to acid and alkali, high conductivity the features such as, so
And (hydrogen adsorbs Gibbs free energy Δ GH* ,~1.3eV to weak hydrogen adsorption capacity；And excellent HER catalyst often have~
The Δ GH* value of 0eV) cause it to embody extremely slow catalytic kinetics.And carbon carried metal/alloy catalyst (active site
It is considered as being referred to as " armor " catalyst due to its excellent catalytic activity and stability on the carbon-coating on surface) in recent years
It has received widespread attention.Therefore, exploitation carbon composite catalytic agent is of great significance to the HER catalyst for developing eka-platinium performance.Separately
On the one hand, there is the nano material of three-dimensional (3-D) reticular structure to receive much attention since it is multi-functional, such as big specific surface
An important factor for product, three-dimensional porous structure, big specific surface area and three-dimensional porous structure are influence composite material electrocatalysis characteristics,
They are conducive to the absorption of proton, the exposure of active site, flowing of electrolyte etc..
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art described above, the primary purpose of the present invention is that providing a kind of three-dimensional meso-hole
The preparation method of carbon load molybdenum carbide.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide of above method preparation.
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide the application of above-mentioned three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by following proposal:
A kind of preparation method of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide, comprising the following steps:
(1) it prepares gel: soluble molybdenum salt is dissolved in water, add organic carbon source and template, it is uniformly mixed
Mixed solution, the pH value for adjusting mixed solution is 0~7, and being stirred under heating makes mixed solution be evaporated to obtain gel, by gel into one
Step thermal dehydration obtains xerogel；
(2) it prepares three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide: xerogel obtained by step (1) being ground uniformly, is put into tube furnace
High temperature cabonization restores, and inert gas or reducing gas is passed through in reaction process, after reaction, by products therefrom acid soak
Molybdenum carbide is loaded up to target product three-dimensional meso-hole carbon.
Soluble molybdenum salt described in step (1) includes but is not limited to ammonium molybdate, molybdenum chloride, sodium molybdate etc.；
Organic carbon source described in step (1) includes but is not limited to citric acid, diammonium hydrogen citrate, glucose, dicyan two
Ammonia, cyanamide etc..
Template described in step (1) is silica or magnesia, the partial size of the template is 10~
1000nm；
Template described in step (1) is preferably added in the form of aqueous dispersions, the moisture of the template
The mass concentration of template is preferably 40% in dispersion liquid；
The dosage of soluble molybdenum salt, organic carbon source and template described in step (1) meets: organic carbon source and solubility
The mass ratio of molybdenum salt is (0.5~10): 1；The mass ratio of organic carbon source and template is (0.2~5): 1.
Preferably, the dosage of soluble molybdenum salt, organic carbon source and template described in step (1) meets: organic carbon source
Mass ratio with soluble molybdenum salt is (2.5~4): 1；The mass ratio of organic carbon source and template is (1~3): 1.
Water described in step (1) is intended only as reaction medium, therefore only to need it that can be completely dissolved added for its dosage
The soluble molybdenum salt and organic carbon source entered.
Heating stirring described in step (1) refer to be heated to 60~80 DEG C be stirred to react 4~for 24 hours, stirring is to make
It is adequately mixed between raw material, therefore the mixing speed of this field routine can be realized；
Further thermal dehydration described in step (1) refer to be heated to 100~200 DEG C reaction 4~for 24 hours；
The reduction of high temperature cabonization described in step (2) refers in 600~1200 DEG C of 2~12h of carbonizing reduction；
Inert gas described in step (2) or reducing gas include but is not limited to nitrogen, argon gas, hydrogen, argon gas/hydrogen
Gas gaseous mixture；
Acid described in step (2) be concentration be 2~8wt% hydrofluoric acid, one of hydrochloric acid；
Immersion described in step (2) refers to 1~48h of immersion, preferably 2~8h of immersion；
Do not indicate that temperature refers both to carry out at room temperature in the present invention, the room temperature is 20~30 DEG C；
A kind of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide prepared by the above method.
Application of the three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide that the above method is prepared as electrocatalysis material, especially as
Application of the electrocatalysis material in catalytic water decomposing hydrogen-production.
Mechanism of the invention are as follows:
Soluble molybdenum salt is dissolved in water by the present invention first, and organic matter carbon source such as citric acid, hydrogen citrate is then added
Diammonium, glucose, dicyan diamino, cyanamide etc. add template silica or magnesia, stir evenly, use ammonium hydroxide
Solution ph is adjusted between 0~7.0, promotes organic matter carbon source molecule with molybdenum element in conjunction with, at this time in 60~80 DEG C of stirrings steamings
Solid carbon dioxide gets gel, is then further dehydrated gel at 100~200 DEG C and obtains xerogel, in inert gas or reduction
Under gas atmosphere, xerogel is reacted at 600~1200 DEG C, in high-temperature burning process, organic matter carbon source is carbonized to obtain carbon, and has
Molybdenum can be restored carbon by the reducing substances such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and the carbon that machine object carbon source carbonisation generates
Change obtains nano silicon carbide molybdenum, therefore, obtains silica (magnesia)/molybdenum carbide/carbon composite after reaction, then will
Silica (magnesia), which is impregnated to remove with diluted hydrofluoric acid (dilute hydrochloric acid), loads molybdenum carbide (two up to target product three-dimensional meso-hole carbon
Silica or magnesia are used as pore-creating sacrifice agent).For block is carbonized molybdenum material, three-dimensional meso-hole carbon loads molybdenum carbide tool
There is conductive three-dimensional carbon network structure, there are bigger specific surface area, more reactivity sites, and carbon support structures prevent
Reunion of the molybdenum carbide in high-temperature calcination, therefore three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide has excellent electrocatalysis characteristic.
The present invention compared with the existing technology, have the following advantages and the utility model has the advantages that
(1) present invention realizes the controlledly synthesis of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide.
(2) the three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide structure novel that the present invention synthesizes, and electrocatalytic decomposition water hydrogen manufacturing performance is steady
It is fixed.
(3) this simple process is controllable, can quickly amplify industrialization.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the XRD diagram that three-dimensional meso-hole carbon prepared by embodiment 1 loads molybdenum carbide；
Fig. 2 is the XRD diagram that three-dimensional meso-hole carbon prepared by embodiment 2 loads molybdenum carbide；
Fig. 3 is the XRD diagram that three-dimensional meso-hole carbon prepared by embodiment 3 loads molybdenum carbide；
Fig. 4 is the SEM figure that three-dimensional meso-hole carbon prepared by embodiment 3 loads molybdenum carbide；
Fig. 5 is the polarization curve that three-dimensional meso-hole carbon prepared by embodiment 3 loads molybdenum carbide；
Fig. 6 is the SEM figure that three-dimensional meso-hole carbon prepared by embodiment 4 loads molybdenum carbide；
Fig. 7 is the TEM figure that three-dimensional meso-hole carbon prepared by embodiment 4 loads molybdenum carbide；
Fig. 8 is the polarization curve that three-dimensional meso-hole carbon prepared by embodiment 4 loads molybdenum carbide；
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are unlimited
In this.
Agents useful for same can routinely be bought unless otherwise specified from market in embodiment.
Polarization curve test method is as follows in the present embodiment:
Electrode preparation: firstly, glass-carbon electrode (GCE) polishing powder (Al for being 3mm by diameter2O3) sanding and polishing, and use second
Pure and mild deionized water cleaned standby seam.Secondly, weighing 4mg catalyst in centrifuge tube, it is added in 750m L deionized water, 250 μ L
Ethyl alcohol and 30 μ L Nafion solutions, ultrasonic disperse is uniform, pipettes the 5 above-mentioned solution of μ L and drips on GCE, and irradiates under infrared lamp
It is dry.The load capacity for being computed catalyst is 0.285mg cm-2。
Electro-chemical test: all electrochemical datas measure on CHI 660E electrochemical workstation, and electrolyte is
1.0M KOH solution, uses N2Purification.In typical three electrode tests system, coated graphite rod electrrode is to have catalyst to electrode
GCE be working electrode, Ag/AgCl electrode be reference electrode.After catalyst is stable in the electrolyte, with 5m V s-1Scanning
Rate carries out polarization curve (LSV) test, and all current potentials use reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) to indicate, reduction formula:
ERHE=EAg/AgCl+0.059pH+Eθ Ag/AgCl
Eθ Ag/AgCl=0.198V
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide of the present embodiment, specific preparation process is as follows:
In deionized water by soluble ammonium molybdate 6.0g dissolution, 15.0g diammonium hydrogen citrate is then added, dissolution is complete
40g silica dispersions (dioxide-containing silica 40wt%, 15 ± 5nm of silica partial size) is added afterwards, then is adjusted with ammonium hydroxide
The pH=6.0 of above-mentioned solution, then stirring is evaporated 12 hours and obtains gel at 70 DEG C, then by gel further at 200 DEG C
Dehydration obtains xerogel in 12 hours, and xerogel is ground uniformly, 900 DEG C carbonizing reduction 2 hours, reaction process in tube furnace are put into
In be passed through 5% (v/v) H2/ Ar gaseous mixture is stirred 4 hours with excessive 4.0wt% hydrofluoric acid dips after reaction, filtering,
Molybdenum carbide is loaded after natural drying up to target product three-dimensional meso-hole carbon.
The XRD diagram of the load molybdenum carbide of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon obtained by the present embodiment is as shown in Figure 1, three-dimensional meso-hole carbon loads molybdenum carbide
XRD test feature peak be 36.9 °, 42.8 °, 62.7 ° with 75.3 °, respectively correspond (111) of α-MoC, (200), (220)
With (311) crystal face.24.9 ° of characteristic peak corresponds to (002) crystal face of graphitized carbon.
Molybdenum carbide is loaded to three-dimensional meso-hole carbon prepared by the present embodiment by scanning electron microscope to detect, and is found
It illustrates that the present embodiment successfully synthesizes the target product of three-dimensional meso-hole with apparent order meso-hole structure.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide of the present embodiment, specific preparation process is as follows:
In deionized water by soluble sodium molybdate 6.0g dissolution, 20.0g cyanamide is then added, is added after dissolving completely
40g silica dispersions (dioxide-containing silica 40wt%, 15 ± 5nm of silica partial size) adjust above-mentioned solution with nitric acid
PH=7, then stirring is evaporated 12 hours and obtains gel at 70 DEG C, and gel is then put into tube furnace 700 DEG C of carbonizations also
It is 2 hours former, 5% (v/v) H is passed through in reaction process2/ Ar gaseous mixture, after reaction with excessive 2.0wt% hydrofluoric acid dips
Stirring 8 hours, filtering load molybdenum carbide after natural drying up to target product three-dimensional meso-hole carbon.
The XRD diagram of the load molybdenum carbide of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon obtained by the present embodiment is as shown in Fig. 2, three-dimensional meso-hole carbon loads molybdenum carbide
XRD test feature peak be 36.9 °, 42.8 °, 62.7 ° with 75.3 °, respectively correspond (111) of α-MoC, (200), (220)
With (311) crystal face.24.9 ° of characteristic peak corresponds to (002) crystal face of graphitized carbon.
Molybdenum carbide is loaded to three-dimensional meso-hole carbon prepared by the present embodiment by scanning electron microscope to detect, and is found
It illustrates that the present embodiment successfully synthesizes the target product of three-dimensional meso-hole with apparent order meso-hole structure.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide of the present embodiment, specific preparation process is as follows:
Soluble ammonium molybdate 6.0g is dissolved in deionized water, 18.0g dicyan diamino is then added, is added after dissolving completely
Enter 40g silica dispersions (dioxide-containing silica 40wt%, 15 ± 5nm of silica partial size), is adjusted with nitric acid above-mentioned molten
The pH=4.5 of liquid, then stirring is evaporated 12 hours and obtains gel at 80 DEG C, and gel is further then dehydrated 12 at 180 DEG C
Hour obtains xerogel, and xerogel is ground uniformly, 900 DEG C carbonizing reduction 2 hours in tube furnace is put into, is passed through in reaction process
10% (v/v) H2/ Ar gaseous mixture is stirred 2 hours with excessive 4.0wt% hydrofluoric acid dips after reaction, and filtering is naturally dry
Molybdenum carbide is loaded after dry up to target product three-dimensional meso-hole carbon.
The XRD diagram of the load molybdenum carbide of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon obtained by the present embodiment is as shown in figure 3, three-dimensional meso-hole carbon loads molybdenum carbide
XRD test feature peak be 34.3 °, 37.7 °, 39.3 °, 52.1 °, 61.5 °, 69.4 °, 72.4 °, 74.6 ° with 75.5 °, point
β-Mo is not corresponded to2(100) of C, (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112) and (201) crystal face.
24.9 ° of characteristic peak corresponds to (002) crystal face of graphitized carbon.
The SEM figure of the load molybdenum carbide of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon obtained by the present embodiment is as shown in figure 4, three-dimensional meso-hole carbon loads molybdenum carbide
Composite material has apparent order meso-hole structure.
The polarization curve of the load molybdenum carbide of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon obtained by the present embodiment is as shown in figure 5, three-dimensional meso-hole carbon loads carbon
Changing the electric current that molybdenum generates is -10mA cm-2When corresponding bias be -193mV.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide of the present embodiment, specific preparation process is as follows:
In deionized water by soluble ammonium molybdate 5.0g dissolution, 20.0g citric acid is then added, is added after dissolving completely
40g silica dispersions (dioxide-containing silica 40wt%, 15 ± 5nm of silica partial size) adjust above-mentioned solution with ammonium hydroxide
PH=1.5, then stirring is evaporated 12 hours and obtains gel at 70 DEG C, then that gel is further small in 200 DEG C of dehydrations 12
When obtain xerogel, by xerogel grind uniformly, be put into 900 DEG C carbonizing reduction 4 hours in tube furnace, be passed through in reaction process
10% (v/v) H2/ Ar gaseous mixture is stirred 4 hours with excessive 4.0wt% hydrofluoric acid dips after reaction, and filtering is naturally dry
Molybdenum carbide is loaded after dry up to target product three-dimensional meso-hole carbon.
The SEM figure of the load molybdenum carbide of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon obtained by the present embodiment is as shown in fig. 6, three-dimensional meso-hole carbon loads molybdenum carbide
Composite material has apparent order meso-hole structure.
The TEM figure of the load molybdenum carbide of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon obtained by the present embodiment is as shown in fig. 7, the carbonization that three-dimensional meso-hole carbon loads
Molybdenum partial size about 2~4nm.
The polarization curve of the load molybdenum carbide of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon obtained by the present embodiment is as shown in figure 8, three-dimensional meso-hole carbon loads carbon
Changing the electric current that molybdenum generates is -10mA cm-2When corresponding bias be -167mV.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
(1) it prepares gel: soluble molybdenum salt is dissolved in water, add organic carbon source and template, mixed
Solution is closed, the pH value for adjusting mixed solution is 0~7, and being stirred under heating makes mixed solution be evaporated to obtain gel, and gel is further
Thermal dehydration obtains xerogel；
(2) it prepares three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide: xerogel obtained by step (1) being ground uniformly, tube furnace high temperature is put into
Carbonizing reduction is passed through inert gas or reducing gas in reaction process, after reaction, with acid soak by products therefrom to obtain the final product
Target product three-dimensional meso-hole carbon loads molybdenum carbide.
2. the preparation method of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Soluble molybdenum salt described in step (1) includes but is not limited to ammonium molybdate, molybdenum chloride, sodium molybdate；
Organic carbon source described in step (1) includes but is not limited to citric acid, diammonium hydrogen citrate, glucose, dicyan diamino, list
Cyanamide.
3. the preparation method of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Template described in step (1) is silica or magnesia, and the partial size of the template is 10~1000nm.
4. the preparation method of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The dosage of soluble molybdenum salt, organic carbon source and template described in step (1) meets: organic carbon source and soluble molybdenum salt
Mass ratio be (0.5~10): 1；The mass ratio of organic carbon source and template is (0.2~5): 1.
5. the preparation method of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Heating stirring described in step (1) refer to be heated to 60~80 DEG C be stirred to react 4~for 24 hours；
Further thermal dehydration described in step (1) refer to be heated to 100~200 DEG C reaction 4~for 24 hours.
6. the preparation method of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The reduction of high temperature cabonization described in step (2) refers in 600~1200 DEG C of 2~12h of carbonizing reduction；
Inert gas described in step (2) or reducing gas include but is not limited to that nitrogen, argon gas, hydrogen, argon gas/hydrogen are mixed
Close gas.
7. the preparation method of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Acid described in step (2) be concentration be 2~8wt% hydrofluoric acid, one of hydrochloric acid；
Immersion described in step (2) refers to 1~48h of immersion.
8. a kind of three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide that methods described in any item according to claim 1~7 are prepared.
9. application of the three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide according to claim 8 as electrocatalysis material.
10. three-dimensional meso-hole carbon load molybdenum carbide according to claim 8 is as electrocatalysis material in catalytic water hydrogen manufacturing
Using.
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