CN109621647A - A kind of method of separation and concentration carbon dioxide - Google Patents

A kind of method of separation and concentration carbon dioxide Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109621647A
CN109621647A CN201910037721.2A CN201910037721A CN109621647A CN 109621647 A CN109621647 A CN 109621647A CN 201910037721 A CN201910037721 A CN 201910037721A CN 109621647 A CN109621647 A CN 109621647A
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dimensional slice
carbon dioxide
slice material
ionic liquid
separation
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CN109621647B (en
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彭新生
应文
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/228Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D67/00Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0079Manufacture of membranes comprising organic and inorganic components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D69/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/02Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D71/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02Inorganic material
    • B01D71/021Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D71/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06Organic material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/22Carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504Carbon dioxide
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to gas separation technique fields, disclose a kind of method of separation and concentration carbon dioxide, it include: that separation and concentration is carried out to the mixed gas containing carbon dioxide using ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film under 20~100 DEG C, 0.01~0.2MPa pressure, the current field condition that intensity is -7.5~7.5V/mm;Ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film preparation method includes: that (1) disperses two-dimensional slice material to obtain two-dimensional slice material dispersion liquid in deionized water, two-dimensional slice material dispersion liquid is filtered onto perforated substrate by vacuum filtration, obtains two-dimensional slice material membrane;(2) ionic liquid is coated on to the two-dimensional slice material film surface, is kept for 1~8 hour in the case where being not less than 50KPa negative pressure, obtains ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film.Method of the invention is by applying electric field to ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film, so that ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film has very excellent gas separating capacity.

Description

A kind of method of separation and concentration carbon dioxide
Technical field
The present invention relates to gas separation technique field more particularly to a kind of methods of separation and concentration carbon dioxide.
Background technique
The principle of gas separation membrane separation gas is mainly based upon transmission rate difference of the gas with various in film, usually may be used It is divided into micropore flooding mechanism and dissolution flooding mechanism.Micropore flooding mechanism is mainly the hole or stratified material for utilizing porous material Channel sieved;Dissolution flooding mechanism is then to have different solubilities to gas with various using such as some high molecular materials It separates and is enriched with the characteristic of diffusion coefficient.
Membrane separation technique is in reply currently due to CO2Based on greenhouse gases a large amount of discharges caused by greenhouse effects etc. Climate change bring negative effect aspect has very high utility value, has the advantages such as environmental protection, low energy consumption.It develops novel Energy-efficient seperation film becomes important research direction.
Thin polymer film puts it into commercial operation already as gas separation membrane, but flux possessed by thin polymer film is low, stablizes The disadvantages of property is poor significantly limits its application.And two-dimensional layer material such as graphene, graphene oxide etc., there is unique receive Meter level channel makes gas separation membrane have new possibility in gas separation field.Graphene oxide has unique two-dimensional structure With mature preparation process, the graphene oxide film as made of graphene oxide layer rule stacking has in multiple fields Very big application potential, such as water process, electrochemistry, catalysis, gas separation etc..But in gas separation field, pure oxidation stone The black thin membrane separation efficiency of alkene is far from reaching can be with the stage of practical application, it is therefore desirable to be modified.
Ionic liquid is a kind of salt being in a liquid state at room temperature, has steam forces down, thermal stability and chemical stability are good etc. Advantage, and have very high solubility to carbon dioxide, therefore can be used to separate and carbon dioxide-enriched.But it is ionic liquid is straight It connects for using that there are significant limitations, therefore usually ionic liquid is filled in porous media, composite membrane is made to make With.
Under simple pressure difference driving, gas separation membrane to the separation and concentration efficiency of carbon dioxide in gas mixture still It is to be improved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of methods of separation and concentration carbon dioxide, to the separating capacity and separative efficiency of carbon dioxide It is higher.
Specific technical solution is as follows:
A kind of method of separation and concentration carbon dioxide, comprising:
Under 20~100 DEG C, 0.01~0.2MPa pressure, the current field condition that intensity is -7.5~7.5V/mm, using ion Liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film carries out separation and concentration to the mixed gas containing carbon dioxide;
The ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film preparation method includes:
(1) dispersion of two-dimensional slice material is obtained into two-dimensional slice material dispersion liquid in deionized water, passes through vacuum filtration Two-dimensional slice material dispersion liquid is filtered onto perforated substrate, two-dimensional slice material membrane is obtained;
(2) ionic liquid is coated on to the two-dimensional slice material film surface, keeps 1 in the case where being not less than 50KPa negative pressure ~8 hours, obtain ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film.
The two-dimensional slice material in two-dimensional slice material aqueous solution is filtered to perforated substrate in the way of vacuum filtration On, the two-dimensional slice material film with regular layer structure is obtained, interlamellar spacing is at 1 nanometer or less in the film;By ionic liquid After body is coated on two-dimensional slice material film surface, ionic liquid will receive the effect of capillary force, gradually penetrate into two-dimensional slice Between the lamella of layer material film, and it is eventually restricted from wherein.
Compared to hydrogen, methane and nitrogen, ionic liquid has higher solubility to carbon dioxide, adds two-dimensional slice The confinement of layer material nano pore acts on, and ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film at this time has had preferably Separating capacity, under the further effect of electric field, structure of the ionic liquid between two-dimensional slice material can be changed, thus Change ionic liquid to the solubility and diffusion coefficient of gas.Under the action of electric field, ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas Seperation film is higher to the separative efficiency of carbon dioxide gas.In addition, by the electric field for applying varying strength, adjustable ionic liquid Changes in distribution of the zwitterion of body between two-dimensional slice material, so as to reconcile ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas The separating property of seperation film.
In the present invention, the applying mode of electric field are as follows: in the ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film two sides Piece of metal capacitance sheet is respectively set, applies DC voltage in two panels metal capacitance on piece.
Preferably, the mixed gas containing carbon dioxide be in carbon dioxide and hydrogen, methane and nitrogen at least A kind of gaseous mixture.
Flux difference of the ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film to carbon dioxide and hydrogen, methane and nitrogen Larger, the mixed gas containing carbon dioxide is the mixed of at least one of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, methane and nitrogen When closing gas, ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film is more efficient to the separation and concentration of carbon dioxide.
Preferably, in the two-dimensional slice material dispersion liquid, the mass percent concentration of two-dimensional slice material is 0.02 ~0.2%.
Preferably, the two-dimensional slice material is at least one of graphene oxide, molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide; It is further preferred that the two-dimensional slice material is graphene oxide.Graphene oxide has unique Nanoscale channels, tool There is preferable selectivity.
Preferably, the ionic liquid is 1- butyl -3- methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM] [BF4]).It should be from Sub- liquid is higher to the selectivity of carbon dioxide, and cost is relatively low.
As film thickness increases, the flux of gas is declined, but the segregation ratio of carbon dioxide is risen, but works as film thickness After reaching certain thickness, flux and segregation ratio are basically unchanged.The content of film intermediate ion liquid is higher, and flux can be declined, but The segregation ratio of carbon dioxide will increase.
Preferably, the ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film is with a thickness of 50~1500nm;Ionic liquid In body/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film, the mass percent of ionic liquid is 50~80%.
Preferably, the perforated substrate is polycarbonate perforated membrane or inorganic oxide aluminium perforated membrane.Polycarbonate is porous Film or inorganic oxide aluminium perforated membrane mechanical strength are big, can provide more stable branch for ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice Material cladding layer Support.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
(1) in ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film, using two-dimensional slice material as support substrate, have Good stability, while ionic liquid can be limited in the layer gap of two-dimensional slice material, the ionic liquid under confinement is compared The ionic liquid of liquid phase has certain raising to the separating property of gas;
(2) change distribution of the zwitterion between two-dimensional slice material of ionic liquid by electric field, thus change from Sub- liquid enhances ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film to carbon dioxide to the solubility and diffusion coefficient of gas Separation and concentration ability so that ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film have very excellent gas separating capacity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of graphene oxide film prepared by embodiment 1, wherein (a) is surface scan electron microscope, It (b) is profile scanning electron microscope;
Fig. 2 is ionic liquid/graphene oxide film scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph prepared by embodiment 1, wherein (a) sweeps for surface Electron microscope is retouched, (b) is profile scanning electron microscope;
Fig. 3 is ionic liquid/graphene oxide film scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph prepared by embodiment 4, wherein (a) sweeps for surface Electron microscope is retouched, (b) is profile scanning electron microscope.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) at room temperature, the graphene oxide water solution that configuration graphene oxide mass percent concentration is 0.02%, will 0.5ml solution filters under 85KPa negative pressure to inorganic oxide aluminium perforated membrane, and the diameter of film is 25mm, aperture 200nm, is made The graphene oxide film of 76nm thickness;
As shown in Figure 1, there are elongated fold, the well-regulated layer structure of section in graphene oxide film surface.
(2) then, 0.05ml [BMIM] [BF is coated on graphene oxide film surface4], it is maintained at 2 under 50KPa negative pressure Hour, [BMIM] [BF of 170nm thickness is made4]/graphene oxide gas separation membrane, wherein graphene oxide and [BMIM] [BF4] Mass ratio be 0.39.
As shown in Figure 2.After having added ionic liquid, the fold on graphene oxide film surface becomes short and thick, section Layer structure also disappears, and film thickness significantly increases.
Room temperature, 0.06MPa pressure, intensity be -2.5V/mm current field condition under, measure the seperation film to carbon dioxide, The flux of hydrogen, methane and nitrogen obtains the flux of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen Ratio is respectively 14,67,85.
Comparative example 1
Under conditions of room temperature, 0.06MPa pressure, [BMIM] [BF made from embodiment 1 is measured4]/graphene oxide gas Body seperation film obtains carbon dioxide and hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane, two to the flux of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and nitrogen The flux ratio of carbonoxide and nitrogen is respectively 12,39,66.
Embodiment 2
Under room temperature, 0.06MPa pressure, the current field condition that intensity is 2.5V/mm, seperation film made from embodiment 1 is measured To the flux of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and nitrogen, obtain carbon dioxide and hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane, carbon dioxide and The flux ratio of nitrogen is respectively 20,72,132.
Embodiment 3
Under room temperature, 0.06MPa pressure, the current field condition that intensity is 5V/mm, seperation film pair made from embodiment 1 is measured Carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and nitrogen flux, obtain carbon dioxide and hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen The flux ratio of gas is respectively 33,192,405.
Embodiment 4
(1) at room temperature, the graphene oxide water solution that configuration graphene oxide mass percent concentration is 0.02%, will 0.8ml solution filters under 85KPa negative pressure to inorganic oxide aluminium perforated membrane, and the diameter of film is 25mm, aperture 200nm, is made The graphene oxide film of 125nm thickness;
(2) then, 0.08ml [BMIM] [BF is coated on graphene oxide film surface4], [BMIM] of 280nm thickness is made [BF4]/graphene oxide gas separation membrane, wherein graphene oxide and [BMIM] [BF4] mass ratio be 0.45.
It should [BMIM] [BF4The surface of]/graphene oxide gas separation membrane and the structure of section are as shown in Figure 3.
Under room temperature, 0.06MPa, the current field condition that intensity is 5V/mm, the seperation film is measured to carbon dioxide, hydrogen, first The flux of alkane and nitrogen obtains the flux ratio difference of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen It is 39,238,479.
Technical solution of the present invention and beneficial effect is described in detail in embodiment described above, it should be understood that Above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all to be done in spirit of the invention Any modification, supplementary, and equivalent replacement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of method of separation and concentration carbon dioxide characterized by comprising
Under 20~100 DEG C, 0.01~0.2MPa pressure, the current field condition that intensity is -7.5~7.5V/mm, using ionic liquid Body/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film carries out separation and concentration to the mixed gas containing carbon dioxide;
The ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film preparation method includes:
(1) dispersion of two-dimensional slice material is obtained into two-dimensional slice material dispersion liquid in deionized water, by being filtered by vacuum two It ties up sheet layer material dispersion liquid to filter onto perforated substrate, obtains two-dimensional slice material membrane;
(2) ionic liquid is coated on to the two-dimensional slice material film surface, small not less than holding 1~8 under 50KPa negative pressure When, obtain ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film.
2. the method for separation and concentration carbon dioxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the applying mode of electric field are as follows: Piece of metal capacitance sheet is respectively set in the ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film two sides, in two panels metal Apply DC voltage on capacitance sheet.
3. the method for separation and concentration carbon dioxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described containing carbon dioxide Mixed gas is the gaseous mixture of at least one of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, methane and nitrogen.
4. the method for separation and concentration carbon dioxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the two-dimensional slice material For at least one of graphene oxide, molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide.
5. the method for separation and concentration carbon dioxide according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the two-dimensional slice material For graphene oxide.
6. the according to claim 1, method of separation and concentration carbon dioxide described in 4 or 5, which is characterized in that the ionic liquid Body is 1- butyl -3- methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate.
7. the method for separation and concentration carbon dioxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that ionic liquid/bis- Tie up sheet layer material gas separation membrane with a thickness of 50~1500nm;In ionic liquid/two-dimensional slice material gas seperation film, ion The mass percent of liquid is 50~80%.
8. the method for separation and concentration carbon dioxide according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the perforated substrate is poly- Carbonic ester perforated membrane or inorganic oxide aluminium perforated membrane.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111603945A (en) * 2020-06-08 2020-09-01 天津工业大学 Ionic liquid functionalized cerium fluoride porous nanosheet, preparation method and application thereof, mixed matrix membrane, preparation method and application thereof
CN112646613A (en) * 2019-10-12 2021-04-13 中石化南京化工研究院有限公司 Absorbent and method for separating and recovering carbon dioxide in blast furnace gas
CN113457467A (en) * 2021-08-04 2021-10-01 中国矿业大学 High-stability GO-confinement ionic liquid supported liquid membrane and preparation method and application thereof
WO2022059368A1 (en) * 2020-09-17 2022-03-24 日東電工株式会社 Separation membrane, separation membrane production method, and coating fluid for producing separation membrane

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CN106975370A (en) * 2017-04-01 2017-07-25 浙江大学 Ionic liquid/transition metal dichalcogenide gas separation membrane and its application are prepared using capillary effect

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CN106975370A (en) * 2017-04-01 2017-07-25 浙江大学 Ionic liquid/transition metal dichalcogenide gas separation membrane and its application are prepared using capillary effect

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112646613A (en) * 2019-10-12 2021-04-13 中石化南京化工研究院有限公司 Absorbent and method for separating and recovering carbon dioxide in blast furnace gas
CN111603945A (en) * 2020-06-08 2020-09-01 天津工业大学 Ionic liquid functionalized cerium fluoride porous nanosheet, preparation method and application thereof, mixed matrix membrane, preparation method and application thereof
WO2022059368A1 (en) * 2020-09-17 2022-03-24 日東電工株式会社 Separation membrane, separation membrane production method, and coating fluid for producing separation membrane
CN113457467A (en) * 2021-08-04 2021-10-01 中国矿业大学 High-stability GO-confinement ionic liquid supported liquid membrane and preparation method and application thereof
CN113457467B (en) * 2021-08-04 2022-08-02 中国矿业大学 High-stability GO-confinement ionic liquid supported liquid membrane and preparation method and application thereof

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