CN109616631A - A kind of silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

A kind of silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material and its preparation method and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109616631A
CN109616631A CN201811445019.1A CN201811445019A CN109616631A CN 109616631 A CN109616631 A CN 109616631A CN 201811445019 A CN201811445019 A CN 201811445019A CN 109616631 A CN109616631 A CN 109616631A
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silicon
nickel alloy
graphene
silicon nickel
powder
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张耀
朱超烨
曲翊
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Southeast University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/386Silicon or alloys based on silicon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes materials and its preparation method and application.The electrode material is silicon nickel alloy-grapheme material, and graphene comes into full contact with silicon nickel alloy, and silicon nickel alloy interphase wraps up silicon particle.The preparation method includes: to prepare silicon nickel alloy using spark plasma sintering (SPS) method using silicon powder and nickel powder as raw material;Then by silicon nickel alloy dusting and graphene powder ball-milling, silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material is obtained.The present invention also provides the silicon nickel alloy-grapheme materials to prepare the application in negative electrode of lithium ion battery.Silicon nickel alloy of the present invention-Graphene electrodes material has many advantages, such as reversible capacity height, good cycling stability, is produced on a large scale.

Description

A kind of silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material and its preparation method and application
Technical field
The invention belongs to lithium ion battery negative material field, in particular to a kind of high capacity, the long-life, low cost silicon Nickel alloy-graphene complex electrode material and its preparation method and application.
Background technique
As the emerging markets such as electric car (EV), mixed power electric car (HEV) occur, to lithium ion battery (LIB) great demand is generated.
Commercial negative electrode material is mainly the carbon material of carbon element of graphite class at present, and theoretical maximum specific capacity is only 372mAh/g constrains further increasing for lithium battery capacity.Such as Si with height ratio capacity has been studied at present Or the anode material of Sn alloy.These materials can form alloy with lithium, and have the theoretical capacity more much higher than graphite.Si Using particularly interesting because it has high theoretical capacity of 4200mAh g-1.Si can reversibly react shape with lithium At various Si-Li alloys, and eventually arrive at Li4.4Si alloy.But due to silicon in charge and discharge process volume change it is larger (~ 300%), Si base anode material is not able to maintain structural intergrity during the alloying and removal alloying with lithium.These variations It will lead to electrode material dusting, cycle performance is remarkably decreased.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for the electric conductivity for promoting silicon electrode, delaying the generation of silicon electrode dusting, cracking, the present invention provides A kind of silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material, it is a further object to provide the silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes materials The preparation method and application of material.
Technical solution: silicon nickel alloy of the present invention-Graphene electrodes material, comprising: graphene is tight with silicon nickel alloy Contiguity touching, silicon nickel alloy interphase wrap up silicon particle.
The present invention also provides the silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material preparation methods, comprising: with silicon powder and nickel Powder is raw material, and spark plasma sintering method prepares silicon nickel alloy;By after silicon nickel alloy ball milling dusting with graphene powder ball milling It is compound, obtain silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material.
The silicon powder partial size is 10~400 mesh, is further 30~200 mesh, but it is not limited to this.
The nickel powder partial size is 10~500 mesh, is further 30~200 mesh, but it is not limited to this.
Before preparing silicon nickel alloy, silicon powder and nickel powder first carry out ball milling, and ratio of grinding media to material is 10~15:1, and revolving speed is 300~450r/ Min, Ball-milling Time is 6~8h, it is further preferred that ratio of grinding media to material is 10:1, revolving speed 450r/min, Ball-milling Time 8h.Choosing Taking lower ratio of grinding media to material is the destruction in order to reduce steel ball to tantnickel grain shape, selects suitable rotational speed of ball-mill and time that can make Silicon powder and nickel powder be sufficiently mixed it is even so that the more regular homogenization of product.
The mass ratio of the silicon powder and nickel powder is 3:1~8:1, and silicon powder quality is too low, and electrode material capacity can be made not high, The excessively high meeting of silicon powder quality is so that the reduction of electrode material stability, preferably 4:1~6:1, more preferably 6:1.
The method for using discharge plasma sintering (SPS) when preparing silicon nickel alloy.
The temperature of the discharge plasma sintering is 800 DEG C~1400 DEG C, and temperature is too low to be not easily formed silicon nickel alloy, temperature High meeting is spent so that nickel powder melts, influences sintered product, it is preferred that sintering temperature for 800 DEG C~1100 DEG C, more preferably 1000 ℃。
The soaking time of the discharge plasma sintering is 5~60min, preferably 10~15min, more preferably 10min. Soaking time is too low, and tantnickel reaction is not complete, and soaking time is excessively high, and might have part of nickel can melt, and influences sintered product.
The silicon nickel alloy of preparation will carry out ball milling dusting, and when ball milling dusting, ratio of grinding media to material is 30~40:1, and revolving speed 300~ 450r/min, Ball-milling Time is 1~3h, it is further preferred that ratio of grinding media to material is 40:1, revolving speed 450r/min, Ball-milling Time 3h. Selecting above-mentioned condition is to enable product block sufficiently to refine, and particle is tiny, and the chemical property of composite material has more preferably Effect.
The mass ratio of the silicon nickel alloy and graphene is 1:1~6:1.Graphene content is very few, the electrification of electrode material Performance boost is not high, and it is not high to will lead to battery capacity for graphene too high levels.Preferably, the silicon-silicon nickel alloy and graphite The mass ratio of alkene is 3:1~5:1, more preferably 4:1.
When the ball-milling, ratio of grinding media to material is 30~40:1, and revolving speed is 300~450r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 1~5h. Suitable Ball-milling Time, ratio of grinding media to material, revolving speed, are preferably uniformly dispersed conducive to graphene and silicon nickel alloy, mention to the performance of battery It rises more stable.Preferably, ratio of grinding media to material 40:1, revolving speed 450r/min, Ball-milling Time 5h
The present invention also provides the silicon nickel alloy-graphene composite materials to prepare answering in negative electrode of lithium ion battery With.
Inventive principle: for Volumetric expansion of the silicon based electrode in charge and discharge process, by synthesizing tantnickel composite wood Material, so that the volume expansion of silicon is mutually sustained by tantnickel intermediate alloy, avoids negative electrode material during embedding de- lithium because of volume change Stress and crack, dusting, furthermore interphase also act as improve electrode material electric conductivity effect, further promote silicon based electrode The chemical property of material.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
Silicon nickel alloy provided by the invention-grapheme material good cycling stability, electric conductivity is excellent, preparation cost is low and It is environmental-friendly.
The present invention passes through ball-milling treatment, discharge plasma sintering, silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material of acquisition.Pass through Discharge plasma sintering, rapid synthesis silicon nickel alloy compound, and yield is high, and the cyclical stability of electrode is excellent, is suitble to Industrial production.Nickel is a kind of transition metal, and electric conductivity itself is higher.Meanwhile silicon and nickel sinterable shape at a lower temperature At alloy phase NiSi2;NiSi2It is formed in silicon face, plays the role of buffer medium for the volume expansion of silicon, and itself has one Fixed electric conductivity.And for other metals, it is harsh compared with silicon forms alloy condition, solid solution phase can be generally formed with silicon, from original There is certain difference in reason.Form Si-NiSi2This core-shell structure is more stably and controllable.Meanwhile the addition of graphene significantly mentions The high ionic conduction of electrode, improves the chemical property of electrode material.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material transmission electron microscope picture;
Fig. 2 is the test of silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material electrochemical cycle stability;
Fig. 3 is silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material XRD test chart;
Fig. 4 is silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material ac impedance measurement figure.
Specific embodiment
Combined with specific embodiments below, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention Rather than limit the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to various equivalences of the invention The modification of form falls within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
The partial size for the commodity silicon powder that following embodiment uses is 40-200 mesh, and electrolytic nickel powder (Aladdin) partial size is 200 mesh, Graphene is commercial graphene (Deyang olefinic carbon).
Embodiment 1
1, a kind of silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material preparation
Commodity silicon powder and nickel powder 6:1 in mass ratio are subjected to ball-milling treatment, ball mill model QM-3SP2, Ball-milling Time For 8h, ratio of grinding media to material 10:1, revolving speed 450r/min.The tantnickel mixture that ball milling obtains is fitted into the mold of φ 20mm and is put into In electric plasma agglomeration furnace, to grinding tool both ends apply 3MPa pressure, and to furnace body carry out vacuumize process, then by 100 DEG C/ Min is warming up to 1000 DEG C, and is cooled to room temperature after keeping the temperature 10min, obtains silicon nickel alloy block.
Gained tantnickel block carries out ball milling dusting, ratio of grinding media to material 40:1, revolving speed 450r/min, and Ball-milling Time 3h is obtained Silicon nickel alloy powder.Silicon nickel alloy powder and graphene powder are subjected to ball-milling, silicon nickel alloy powder and Graphene powder again The mass ratio at end is 4:1, ratio of grinding media to material 40:1, revolving speed 450r/min, Ball-milling Time 5h.Finally obtain silicon nickel alloy-graphite Alkene composite material.
2, structure detection
Transmission electron microscope observing is carried out to the silicon nickel alloy obtained-graphene composite material, as a result as shown in Figure 1.Graphene It comes into full contact with, and is uniformly dispersed with silicon nickel alloy;Wrap up layer of Ni Si in silicon particle surface2, play the role of buffer medium, reduce silicon The volume expansion of particle.
XRD (X-ray diffraction) test is carried out to silicon nickel alloy-grapheme material, test result is shown in Fig. 3.Due to NiSi2With Lattice mismatch between Si is very small (0.4%), and XRD diffraction maximum is difficult to differentiate.
3, performance detection
Silicon nickel alloy-graphene composite material, conductive black super P and binder sodium alginate obtained is taken out to press Mass ratio 8:1:1 mixing is added appropriate amount of deionized water and is tuned into uniform slurry, coats (about 5 μm of thickness) on copper foil of affluxion body. The copper foil for being coated with sample is put into vacuum oven, 100 DEG C drying 10 hours.Sample after taking out drying, rushes electrode slice, Electrode slice diameter is 12mm.
(1) cyclical stability
Electro-chemical test carries out in 2032 type button cell systems, and electrolyte is 1M LiPF6It is dissolved in addition 2%VC EC/DEC (ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate, the volume ratio 1:1) solution of (vinylene carbonate), is metal lithium sheet to electrode. Stopping potential 0.01V (vs.Li/Li is first discharged to the current density of 200mA/g+), after standing 2min, then with 200mA/g Current density charge to stopping potential 2V (vs.Li/Li+), obtain circulation volume figure (Fig. 2).
Such as Fig. 2, silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material prepared by the present embodiment, coulombic efficiency is 74.87%, 80 for the first time Specific discharge capacity is 1088mAh/g after secondary circulation, and capacity attenuation rate is only 30%, and stability is very high.
(2) electrochemical impedance
The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of sample is tested by the CHI604E type Electrochemical Comprehensive Tester of Shanghai Chen Hua instrument company It arrives, test frequency obtains ac impedance spectroscopy from 100kHz to 1Hz (see Fig. 4).Silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material has lower Charge-transfer resistance, be 403.4 Ω.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material characterized by comprising graphene and silicon nickel alloy are in close contact, silicon Nickel alloy interphase wraps up silicon particle.
2. silicon nickel alloy according to claim 1-Graphene electrodes material preparation method characterized by comprising with Silicon powder and nickel powder are raw material, prepare silicon nickel alloy using spark plasma sintering method;By after silicon nickel alloy ball milling dusting with stone Black alkene powder ball-milling obtains silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material.
3. silicon nickel alloy according to claim 2-Graphene electrodes material preparation method, which is characterized in that tantnickel closes The mass ratio of gold and graphene is 3:1~6:1.
4. silicon nickel alloy according to claim 2-Graphene electrodes material preparation method, which is characterized in that ball milling is multiple When conjunction, ratio of grinding media to material is 30~40:1, and revolving speed is 300~450r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 1~5h.
5. silicon nickel alloy according to claim 2-Graphene electrodes material preparation method, which is characterized in that tantnickel closes When gold goal millingization, ratio of grinding media to material is 30~40:1, and 300~450r/min of revolving speed, Ball-milling Time is 1~3h.
6. silicon nickel alloy according to claim 2-Graphene electrodes material preparation method, which is characterized in that prepare silicon When nickel alloy, the mass ratio of the silicon powder and nickel powder is 3:1~8:1.
7. silicon nickel alloy according to claim 2-Graphene electrodes material preparation method, which is characterized in that electric discharge etc. The temperature of ion sintering is 800 DEG C~1400 DEG C, and soaking time is 5~60min.
8. silicon nickel alloy according to claim 2-Graphene electrodes material preparation method, which is characterized in that silicon powder and Nickel powder first carries out ball milling, and ratio of grinding media to material is 10~15:1, and 300~450r/min of revolving speed, Ball-milling Time is 6~8h.
9. silicon nickel alloy-graphene composite material according to claim 1 is preparing the application in negative electrode of lithium ion battery.
CN201811445019.1A 2018-11-29 2018-11-29 A kind of silicon nickel alloy-Graphene electrodes material and its preparation method and application Pending CN109616631A (en)

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Cited By (1)

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CN111074092A (en) * 2019-12-26 2020-04-28 浙江杭机新型合金材料有限公司 High-strength high-conductivity copper-nickel-silicon alloy material and preparation method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111074092A (en) * 2019-12-26 2020-04-28 浙江杭机新型合金材料有限公司 High-strength high-conductivity copper-nickel-silicon alloy material and preparation method thereof
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