CN109616622B - Preparation method of carbon/tin/carbon hollow microsphere lithium ion battery cathode material - Google Patents
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/387—Tin or alloys based on tin
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery materials, and relates to a preparation method of a carbon/tin/carbon hollow microsphere lithium ion battery cathode material, which is prepared from SiO2Preparing polydopamine/SnO by dopamine polymerization reaction and hydrothermal reaction by taking microspheres as templates2polydopamine/SiO2Multi-layer microsphere structure of (1), SiO is removed by etching2The microspheres are roasted in an argon/hydrogen mixed atmosphere to obtain C/Sn/C hollow microspheres; the preparation process is simple, the operation is simple and convenient, the production cost is low, and the batch production is easy; in the prepared material, Sn nano particles are completely limited in an interlayer of two layers of carbon spheres to form a sandwich type structure, and the agglomeration of Sn can be effectively prevented in the charge and discharge process, so that the charge and discharge performance of the material is improved.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery materials, relates to a preparation method of a metal oxide/carbon composite electrode material, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a carbon/tin/carbon hollow microsphere lithium ion battery cathode material with a sandwich structure.
Background art:
lithium ion batteries are used as secondary rechargeable batteries and have very important applications in the fields of electronic equipment, energy storage and electric automobiles. At present, the commercial negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery is mainly graphite, and the graphite negative electrode has the advantages of long cycle life, rich raw materials and low price, but the theoretical capacity of the graphite negative electrode is long(372mAh g-1) The low-temperature-coefficient lithium ion battery is low and cannot meet the development requirement of future high-energy-density batteries.
The metallic tin Sn is used as the lithium ion battery cathode material, and the theoretical capacity is 994mAh g based on the alloying lithium intercalation mechanism-1Much higher than graphite and is therefore a very potential electrode material. However, the major problems encountered with metallic Sn are volume expansion and structural chalking due to alloying, which severely reduces its cycle life.
At present, one of the effective approaches to solve the above problems is to compound metal Sn with various nano carbon materials, and utilize the good elasticity of the carbon materials to buffer or inhibit the volume expansion and structural pulverization of the metal Sn during lithium intercalation, and there have been many researches and reports on Sn/C composite materials in the literature, for example, the document "angelw.chem.int.ed.2009, 48, 6485-2Roasting for 5 hours in the atmosphere to obtain Sn @ C composite fiber; the document "part.part.Syst. Charactt.2013, 30, 873-2Preparing a Sn @ C hollow sphere composite structure by chemical vapor deposition by using the hollow microspheres as a template; document "j.mater.chem.a, 2014,2,2526" reports the preparation of Sn @ carbon nanotube/graphene composite material by a two-step microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process; the patent "a method for preparing carbon-coated tin nano material with carbon shell incompletely filled with tin, CN 201610029753.4" provides a method for preparing carbon-coated tin nano material by using filter paper and SnO2The incompletely filled carbon-coated tin nano material is prepared by a multi-step reaction process as a raw material. Recently, the document "j. mater. chem.a,2017,5,13769" reported to contain SnO2The carbon rod is a precursor, and the Sn @ C composite material is prepared by utilizing an arc discharge technology in a CO atmosphere. The comparison shows that the existing technology for preparing the Sn/C composite material has the defects of low sample yield, high manufacturing cost, long time consumption and being not beneficial to large-scale preparation due to the fact that special instruments and equipment are needed, the roasting temperature is high and the like. Therefore, the development of a simple preparation method of the Sn/C composite material is of great significance for developing high-performance Sn-based electrode materials.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, designs and provides a C/Sn/C hollow microsphere sandwich structure prepared by a method for preparing a carbon/tin/carbon (C/Sn/C) hollow microsphere lithium ion battery cathode material by utilizing a liquid phase synthesis and subsequent roasting technology, and can relieve the problems of volume expansion and structure pulverization of Sn in the lithium intercalation process to the greatest extent.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention uses SiO2Preparing polydopamine/SnO by dopamine polymerization reaction and hydrothermal reaction by taking microspheres as templates2polydopamine/SiO2Multi-layer microsphere structure of (1), SiO is removed by etching2The microspheres are roasted in an argon/hydrogen mixed atmosphere to obtain C/Sn/C hollow microspheres; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of SiO by means of the existing stober method2Microspheres of SiO2The size of the microsphere is 200-500 nm;
(2) taking the SiO obtained in the step (1)2Putting 0.4g of microspheres and 0.8g of dopamine into a beaker, adding 125mL of Tris buffer solution, stirring for 10-15h, and sequentially centrifugally collecting, washing with ethanol and drying the obtained product to obtain polydopamine @ SiO2(PDA@SiO2) Microspheres, wherein the centrifugal speed is 9000 r/min;
(3) 0.4g of polydopamine @ SiO obtained in step (2)2Dispersing the microspheres into 39mL of ethanol/water mixed solution with the volume ratio of 1/2, and adding 0.4g of Na2SnO3Stirring, transferring to a 50mL Teflon stainless steel container, reacting at 180 ℃ for 1-4h, centrifugally collecting, washing and drying the obtained product to obtain SnO2@PDA@SiO2Microspheres, wherein the centrifugal speed is 9000 r/min;
(4) 0.4g of SnO obtained in step (3)2@PDA@SiO20.8g of dopamine is put into a beaker, 125mL of Tris buffer solution is added, the mixture is stirred for 10 to 15 hours, and the obtained product is sequentially centrifugally collected, washed by ethanol and dried to obtain PDA @ SnO2@PDA@SiO2Microspheres, wherein the centrifugal speed is 9000 r/min;
(5) the PDA @ SnO obtained in the step (4)2@PDA@SiO2Micro-spheres ofPutting into a tube furnace, introducing Ar gas, and roasting at 500 ℃ for 2h to obtain C @ SnO2@C@SiO2Microspheres;
(6) c @ SnO obtained in step (5)2@C@SiO2Dispersing the microspheres into 80mL of HF solution with the mass fraction of 5%, stirring for 24h, and sequentially centrifugally collecting, washing with ethanol and drying the obtained product to obtain C @ SnO2@ C hollow microspheres, wherein the centrifugal speed is 9000 r/min;
(7) c @ SnO obtained in step (6)2And (2) putting the @ C hollow microsphere into a tubular furnace, introducing an argon/hydrogen mixed gas with the volume ratio of 9/1, and roasting at 800 ℃ for 2h to prepare the cathode material of the C @ Sn @ C hollow microsphere lithium ion battery.
The prepared C @ Sn @ C hollow microsphere lithium ion battery negative electrode material is used for assembling a lithium ion half battery, the charge and discharge performance of the lithium ion half battery as the negative electrode material is researched, and the specific assembling process comprises the following steps:
weighing the prepared C @ Sn @ C hollow microspheres as a negative electrode active material, taking acetylene black powder as a conductive agent, taking PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) as a binder according to a mass ratio of 8:1:1, adding NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone) as a solvent, fully grinding in an agate mortar to obtain black slurry, uniformly coating the black slurry on a copper foil, drying in an electric heating forced air drying oven at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, taking out, cutting into electrode plates with the diameter of 10mm on a commercially available manual slicer, weighing by using an electronic balance, recording the mass of the electrode plates, then drying in a vacuum drying oven, and transferring to a glove box; a lithium sheet is used as a counter electrode, a CR2025 button cell is assembled by adopting the prior art, and the assembled button cell is subjected to charge and discharge tests.
Compared with the existing tin-based material, the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, simple and convenient operation, low production cost and easy batch production; in the prepared material, Sn nano particles are completely limited in an interlayer of two layers of carbon spheres to form a sandwich type structure, and the agglomeration of Sn can be effectively prevented in the charge and discharge process, so that the charge and discharge performance of the material is improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a transmission electron micrograph of C @ Sn @ C hollow microspheres prepared according to the example of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a transmission electron micrograph of Sn @ C hollow microspheres prepared according to the comparative example of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the change of the battery cycle capacity of the C @ Sn @ C hollow microspheres prepared in the example of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the change in cell cycle capacity of Sn @ C hollow microspheres prepared in comparative examples of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
this example uses SiO2Preparing polydopamine/SnO by dopamine polymerization reaction and hydrothermal reaction by taking microspheres as templates2polydopamine/SiO2Multi-layer microsphere structure of (1), SiO is removed by etching2The microspheres are roasted in an argon/hydrogen mixed atmosphere to obtain C/Sn/C hollow microspheres; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of SiO by means of the existing stober method2Microspheres of SiO2The size of the microsphere is 200-500 nm;
(2) taking the SiO obtained in the step (1)2Putting 0.4g of microspheres and 0.8g of dopamine into a beaker, adding 125mL of Tris buffer solution, stirring for 12h, and sequentially centrifugally collecting, washing with ethanol and drying the obtained product to obtain polydopamine @ SiO2(PDA@SiO2) Microspheres, wherein the centrifugal speed is 9000 r/min;
(3) 0.4g of polydopamine @ SiO obtained in step (2)2The microspheres were dispersed in 13mL of ethanol and 26mL of water, and 0.4g of Na was added2SnO3Stirring, transferring to a 50mL Teflon stainless steel container, reacting at 180 ℃ for 2h, collecting the obtained product by a centrifugal core, washing and drying to obtain SnO2@PDA@SiO2Microspheres, wherein the centrifugal speed is 9000 r/min;
(4) 0.4g of SnO obtained in step (3)2@PDA@SiO20.8g of dopamine is put into a beaker, 125mL of Tris buffer solution is added, stirring is carried out for 12 hours, and the obtained product is sequentially centrifugally collected, washed by ethanol and dried to obtain PDA @ SnO2@PDA@SiO2Microspheres, wherein the centrifugal speed is 9000 r/min;
(5) the PDA @ SnO obtained in the step (4)2@PDA@SiO2Placing the microspheres into a tube furnace, introducing Ar gas, and roasting at 500 ℃ for 2h to obtain C @ SnO2@C@SiO2Microspheres;
(6) c @ SnO obtained in step (5)2@C@SiO2Dispersing the microspheres into 80mL of HF solution with the mass fraction of 5%, stirring for 24h, sequentially centrifuging 9000r/min) and collecting, washing with ethanol, and drying to obtain C @ SnO2@ C hollow microspheres, wherein the centrifugal speed is 9000 r/min;
(7) c @ SnO obtained in step (6)2And (2) putting the @ C hollow microsphere into a tubular furnace, introducing an argon/hydrogen mixed gas with the volume ratio of 9/1, and roasting at 800 ℃ for 2h to prepare the cathode material of the C @ Sn @ C hollow microsphere lithium ion battery.
C @ SnO prepared in this example2The transmission electron microscope photograph of the @ C hollow microsphere is shown in figure 1, the C @ Sn @ C hollow microsphere has an obvious two-layer structure, and the diameter is about 400 nm; after the prepared C @ Sn @ C hollow microsphere is used for assembling a lithium ion half-cell, the change of the cycling capacity of the C @ Sn @ C hollow microsphere cell is shown in figure 3, and the C @ Sn @ C hollow microsphere is at 0.1A g-1The capacity of circulating real ten turns under the current density of the capacitor is 1040mAh g-1And the capacity is far higher than that of the Sn @ C hollow microspheres in the figure 4.
Comparative example:
the specific process for preparing the Sn @ C hollow microspheres by the practical example comprises
(1) SiO prepared in step (1) of the example was taken2Putting 0.4g of microspheres and 0.8g of dopamine into a beaker, adding 125mL of Tris buffer solution, stirring for 12h, sequentially centrifuging (9000r/min) and collecting the obtained product, washing with ethanol, and drying to obtain PDA @ SiO2Microspheres;
(2) the PDA @ SiO2Microsphere 0.4g, dispersed in a mixed solution of 13mL ethanol and 26mL water, and added with Na 0.4g2SnO3Stirring, transferring into 50mL Teflon stainless steel container, reacting at 180 deg.C for 2 hr, centrifuging (9000r/min), collecting, washing, and drying to obtain SnO2@PDA@SiO2Microspheres;
(3) SnO2@PDA@SiO2Placing the microspheres into a tube furnace, introducing Ar gas, and roasting at 500 ℃ for 2h to obtain SnO2@C@SiO2Microspheres;
(4) SnO2@C@SiO2Dispersing microspheres into 80mL of HF solution with the mass fraction of 5%, stirring for 24h, sequentially centrifuging (9000r/min) and collecting, washing with ethanol, and drying to obtain C @ SnO2Hollow microspheres;
(5) mixing C @ SnO2Putting the hollow microspheres into a tube furnace, introducing argon/hydrogen mixed gas (the volume ratio is 9/1), and roasting for 2h at 800 ℃ to prepare the Sn @ C hollow microspheres.
The transmission electron microscope photo of the Sn @ C hollow microsphere prepared by the comparative example is shown in FIG. 2, and the Sn @ C hollow microsphere has an obvious hollow structure and the diameter is about 460 nm; after the prepared Sn @ C hollow microspheres are used for assembling a lithium ion half-cell, the change of the circulating capacity of the Sn @ C hollow microsphere cell is shown in figure 4, and the Sn @ C hollow microspheres are at 0.1A g-1The capacity of circulating real ten turns under the current density of the capacitor is 350mAh g-1And the volume is far lower than that of the C @ Sn @ C hollow microsphere in the figure 3.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a carbon/tin/carbon hollow microsphere lithium ion battery cathode material is characterized in that SiO is used2Preparing polydopamine/SnO by dopamine polymerization reaction and hydrothermal reaction by taking microspheres as templates2polydopamine/SiO2Multi-layer microsphere structure of (1), SiO is removed by etching2The microspheres are roasted in an argon/hydrogen mixed atmosphere to obtain C/Sn/C hollow microspheres; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of SiO by means of the existing stober method2Microspheres of SiO2The size of the microsphere is 200-500 nm;
(2) taking 0.4g of SiO obtained in the step (1)2Placing the microspheres and 0.8g of dopamine into a beaker, adding 125mL of Tris buffer solution, stirring for 10-15h, and sequentially centrifugally collecting, washing with ethanol and drying the obtained product to obtain the polydopamine @ SiO2Microspheres, wherein the centrifugal speed is 9000 r/min;
(3) 0.4g of step (a)2) The obtained polydopamine @ SiO2Dispersing the microspheres into 39mL of ethanol/water mixed solution with the volume ratio of 1/2, and adding 0.4g of Na2SnO3Stirring, transferring to a 50mL Teflon stainless steel container, reacting at 180 ℃ for 1-4h, centrifugally collecting, washing and drying the obtained product to obtain SnO2@PDA@SiO2Microspheres, wherein the centrifugal speed is 9000 r/min;
(4) 0.4g of SnO obtained in step (3)2@PDA@SiO20.8g of dopamine is put into a beaker, 125mL of Tris buffer solution is added, the mixture is stirred for 10 to 15 hours, and the obtained product is sequentially centrifugally collected, washed by ethanol and dried to obtain PDA @ SnO2@PDA@SiO2Microspheres, wherein the centrifugal speed is 9000 r/min;
(5) the PDA @ SnO obtained in the step (4)2@PDA@SiO2Placing the microspheres into a tube furnace, introducing Ar gas, and roasting at 500 ℃ for 2h to obtain C @ SnO2@C@SiO2Microspheres;
(6) c @ SnO obtained in step (5)2@C@SiO2Dispersing the microspheres into 80mL of HF solution with the mass fraction of 5%, stirring for 24h, and sequentially centrifugally collecting, washing with ethanol and drying the obtained product to obtain C @ SnO2@ C hollow microspheres, wherein the centrifugal speed is 9000 r/min;
(7) c @ SnO obtained in step (6)2And (3) putting the @ C hollow microspheres into a tube furnace, introducing an argon/hydrogen mixed gas with the volume ratio of 9/1, and roasting at 800 ℃ for 2h to prepare the carbon/tin/carbon hollow microsphere lithium ion battery cathode material.
2. The application of the carbon/tin/carbon hollow microsphere lithium ion battery negative electrode material in lithium ion half battery assembly according to claim 1 is characterized in that the carbon/tin/carbon hollow microsphere lithium ion battery negative electrode material is used as a negative electrode active material, acetylene black powder is used as a conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride is used as a binder, the carbon/tin/carbon hollow microsphere lithium ion battery negative electrode material is weighed according to a mass ratio of 8:1:1, N-methyl pyrrolidone is added as a solvent, the mixture is fully ground in an agate mortar to obtain black slurry, the black slurry is uniformly coated on copper foil, the black slurry is dried in an electrothermal blowing drying oven at 80 ℃ for 12 hours and then taken out, the black slurry is cut into electrode slices with the diameter of 10mm on a manual slicer, the electrode slices are weighed by electrons, the mass of the electrode slices is recorded, and then the electrode slices are placed in a; a CR2025 button cell is assembled by taking a lithium sheet as a counter electrode.
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| AU2020264446A1 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2021-11-18 | 6K Inc. | Mechanically alloyed powder feedstock |
| WO2021118762A1 (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2021-06-17 | 6K Inc. | Unique feedstocks for spherical powders and methods of manufacturing |
| US11590568B2 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2023-02-28 | 6K Inc. | Process for producing spheroidized powder from feedstock materials |
| EP4173060A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 | 2023-05-03 | 6K Inc. | Microcomposite alloy structure |
| AU2021349358A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2023-02-09 | 6K Inc. | Systems, devices, and methods for starting plasma |
| AU2021371051A1 (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2023-03-30 | 6K Inc. | Systems and methods for synthesis of spheroidized metal powders |
| CN114804190B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-07-28 | 贵州梅岭电源有限公司 | SnO (tin oxide) 2 /SnS 2 Method for homogenizing sizes of flower-sphere micron-sized particles |
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