CN109616329B - Flexible fibrous self-powered supercapacitor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flexible fibrous self-powered supercapacitor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/08—Structural combinations, e.g. assembly or connection, of hybrid or EDL capacitors with other electric components, at least one hybrid or EDL capacitor being the main component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/48—Conductive polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2022—Light-sensitive devices characterized by he counter electrode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Abstract
The invention discloses a flexible self-powered supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) growing a highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube array on the surface of a titanium wire by adopting an anodic oxidation method, taking the highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube array as a photo-anode of a dye-sensitized solar cell, taking a conductive polymer fiber as a counter electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell, and encapsulating the highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube array in an FEP transparent tube to form the dye-sensitized solar cell, wherein the electrolyte is I‑/I3 ‑An electrolyte; (2) and (2) arranging the conductive polymer fiber of the dye-sensitized solar cell in the step (1) as the positive electrode of the super capacitor and the other conductive polymer fiber in parallel to form the super capacitor, wherein the electrolyte is a water system gel electrolyte. The capacitor prepared by the method not only improves the total energy conversion efficiency and the cycle stability of the integrated device, but also reduces the loss of the integrated device, simplifies the preparation process and improves the integration level of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fibrous energy conversion and storage devices, in particular to a flexible self-powered supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof, and the flexible self-powered supercapacitor is applied to wearable electronic devices.
Background
The rapid development of wearable and intelligent electronic devices has led to increased attention from flexible energy devices capable of supplying power anytime and anywhere. Solar energy has the characteristics of environmental protection, renewability, no limitation, wide distribution and the like, and is expected to replace traditional energy sources all the time. However, the output of solar energy is unstable and unpredictable due to weather and climate, and the integration of solar cells and energy storage devices is an effective strategy to provide a stable and sustainable energy source and reduce the power output fluctuation caused by solar illumination. Dye-sensitized solar cells are considered to be the most promising candidates for third generation photovoltaic solar cells because they are lightweight, inexpensive, simple to fabricate, and very flexible. For energy storage systems, batteries and supercapacitors are two popular energy sources because they are stable and environmentally friendly. Among them, supercapacitors are more popular due to high power density, ultra-long cycle life, long-term stability, light weight and low price.
Thus, integrated self-powered energy devices with solar cells as energy collection and capacitors as energy storage have been extensively studied over the last few years. However, the conventional photovoltaic solar cell with two-dimensional structure can not meet the requirements of flexibility and deformation of wearable electronic devices, and can not ventilate and conduct moisture, and the development of wearable devices and other related fields is severely limited, so that the one-dimensional bendable, deformable and weaveable fibrous energy collecting and storing system is receiving more attention. However, the overall conversion efficiency of integrated fibrous self-powered energy devices has been particularly low to date, either with solar cells or with energy storage devices having low energy density. In addition, the connecting wires connecting the solar cells and the energy storage device also increase the loss of photoelectric conversion efficiency and decrease the overall energy conversion efficiency. More importantly, the cycle life and long-term stability of the integrated self-powered device are also important for wearable electronic devices, and the cycle life of most integrated devices is not longer than 100 cycles so far, so that research on a fibrous electrode material which can be used not only as an energy collection device and an energy storage device but also as a wire for connecting two independent devices is urgently needed, the conversion efficiency and the system stability of solar energy are further improved, and the loss of photoelectric conversion efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects, the invention provides the flexible self-powered supercapacitor and the preparation method thereof, and the capacitor prepared by the method not only improves the total energy conversion efficiency and the cycle stability of the integrated device, but also reduces the loss of the integrated device, simplifies the preparation process and improves the integration level of the system.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a flexible self-powered supercapacitor is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) growing a highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube array on the surface of a titanium wire by adopting an anodic oxidation method, taking the highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube array as a photo-anode of a dye-sensitized solar cell, taking a conductive polymer fiber as a counter electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell, and encapsulating the photo-anode and the counter electrode in an FEP transparent tube to form the dye-sensitized solar cell, wherein an electrolyte I is-/I3 -An electrolyte; (2) and (2) arranging the conductive polymer fiber of the dye-sensitized solar cell in the step (1) as the positive electrode of the super capacitor and the other conductive polymer fiber in parallel to form the super capacitor, wherein the electrolyte is a water system gel electrolyte.
The further technical scheme is that the length of the conductive polymer fiber in the step (1) is twice of that of the titanium dioxide nanotube array.
The further technical scheme is that the conductive polymer of the conductive polymer fiber in the step (1) is selected from any one of polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polyfuran and derivatives thereof, and polyacetylene and derivatives thereof.
The further technical scheme is that the preparation method of the conductive polymer fiber in the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of preparing flexible polymer fibers by using a conductive polymer through a wet spinning technology, treating the obtained polymer fibers in an inorganic solution for 0.01-10 hours, washing the polymer fibers with distilled water, drying the polymer fibers in an oven at 50-150 ℃ for 0.01-1 hour to obtain a first product, and treating the first product in the inorganic solution for 0.01-10 hours.
The further technical scheme is that the working voltage window of the conductive polymer fiber is not lower than 1V, the energy conversion efficiency is not lower than 7%, and the conductivity is not lower than 1000S/cm.
A further technical scheme is that the electrolyte in the aqueous gel electrolyte in the step (2) is selected from any one of lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and potassium carboxymethyl cellulose.
The invention also provides a flexible self-powered supercapacitor prepared by the preparation method, wherein the total energy conversion efficiency of the supercapacitor is not lower than 3%, and the cycle life of the supercapacitor is not lower than 1000 cycles.
The multifunctional conductive polymer fiber can be used as a counter electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell and an electrode of a super capacitor, and meanwhile, a polymer with high conductivity can also be used as a lead to connect the dye-sensitized solar cell and the super capacitor, and the conductive polymer fiber of the dye-sensitized solar cell is directly connected with the anode of the super capacitor, so that electrons generated by illumination are transmitted to the cathode of the super capacitor. The device integrates multiple functions of energy conversion, storage, conducting wires and the like; the method not only improves the total energy conversion efficiency and the device integration level, replaces an expensive platinum wire, reduces the cost, but also improves the circulation stability of the system. The total energy conversion efficiency of the flexible fibrous self-powered device integrated by the invention is not lower than 3%, the number of cycle turns is not lower than 1000, and the flexible fibrous self-powered device is the highest in the total conversion efficiency and the number of cycle turns in the existing integrated self-powered energy device. Meanwhile, the fibrous integrated device has the characteristics of good flexibility and strong weaving capability, and has good application prospect in wearable electronic devices.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the flexible self-powered fibrous supercapacitor prepared by the invention integrates multiple functions of energy conversion, storage, conducting wires and the like; the total energy conversion efficiency and the device integration level are improved, and the cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the fibrous supercapacitor is good in flexibility and strong in weaving capability, and has a good application prospect in wearable electronic devices.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows TiO of the present invention2SEM image of nanotube array;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a high-conductivity polymer composite fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of the fibrous self-powered supercapacitor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a CV curve of a fibrous self-powered supercapacitor according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a J-V curve of a high conductivity polymer fiber dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a photo-charge-constant current discharge curve of the fibrous self-powered supercapacitor according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a photo-charging-constant current discharging curve of a series connection of fibrous self-powered supercapacitors according to the invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it being understood that the specific examples described herein are for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 shows TiO of the present invention2SEM image of nanotube array, from which TiO can be seen2The nano-tube vertically grows on the surface of the Ti wire, TiO2The diameter of the nanotubes was 60 nm.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the high-conductivity polymer composite fiber of the present invention, which has a diameter of about 90 μm and is very flexible and can be woven into a Chinese knot.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of the fibrous self-powered supercapacitor according to the present invention, wherein after sunlight irradiation, the N719 dye molecule (D) is transferred to excited state (D), the generated exciton is dissociated and one electron is injected into TiO2In the conduction band of the nanotube, at the same time, the dye in the excited state changes to a dye molecule in the oxidized state (D)+). Electrons generated by the photoanode light are stored in the anode of the energy storage device, and are continuously obtained at the photoanode and stored in the super anode after being irradiated by continuous lightIn the anode of the capacitor, the super capacitor can be charged quickly in the process, and when the voltage of the anode and the cathode of the capacitor is close to the open-circuit voltage of the solar battery, the charging is stopped. During discharge, the electron current reaches the cathode of the supercapacitor through an external circuit and is transferred to the counter electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell, and at this time, I in the electrolyte3 -The ions diffuse to the surface of the counter electrode and are reduced to I-Ion, and dye molecule (D)+) Returning again to the ground state (D). Through the process, the self-powered energy source fiber converts solar energy into electric energy to be stored in the super capacitor, and the stored electrochemical energy can be released through constant-current discharge
Fig. 4 is a CV curve of the fibrous self-powered supercapacitor of the present invention, and it can be seen that the voltage window of the supercapacitor is 1.5V, and as the sweep rate increases, the CV curve can still keep a rectangle, indicating that the capacitor assembled by the conductive polymer electrode has good electrochemical performance and rate capability.
FIG. 5 is a J-V curve of the high conductivity polymer fiber dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention, the open circuit voltage is 0.71V, and the short circuit current is 15.6mA cm-2The fill factor was 63.7%, the photoelectric conversion efficiency was 7.3%, and the efficiency was equivalent to that of the platinum wire (7.2%).
FIG. 6 is a photo-charging-constant current discharging curve of the fibrous self-powered supercapacitor according to the present invention, wherein a solar cell charges a supercapacitor to a voltage of 0.68V rapidly after 8.5s of illumination, and the total photoelectric conversion efficiency is calculated to be 4.6% after constant current discharging with a current of 200 μ A
Fig. 7 is a photo-charging-constant current discharging curve of the fibrous self-powered super capacitor in series connection according to the present invention, and two super capacitors are charged by five solar cells, and it can be seen that the voltage of the super capacitor can reach 3.2V, which can completely meet the voltage requirements of the two super capacitors.
Example 1
The dye-sensitized solar cell is formed by encapsulating titanium wires with highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays growing on the surfaces and two times of long polyfuran fibers in an FEP transparent tube, and the electrolyte is I-/I3 -An electrolyte; and meanwhile, the polyfuran fiber of the dye-sensitized solar cell is used as the anode of the super capacitor and is arranged in parallel with another polyfuran at a distance of 1mm to form the super capacitor, two ends of the super capacitor are fixed on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film by using a conductive adhesive tape and a conductive silver adhesive, and the surface of the super capacitor is coated with a lithium chloride-PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) gel electrolyte, so that the flexible fibrous self-powered super capacitor integrated device is prepared, the total energy conversion efficiency is 3.5%, and the number of cycles is 1000.
Example 2
The dye-sensitized solar cell is formed by encapsulating titanium wires with highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays growing on the surfaces and polythiophene fibers with double lengths in an FEP transparent tube, and electrolyte I-/I3 -An electrolyte; meanwhile, polythiophene fibers of the dye-sensitized solar cell are used as the anode of the super capacitor and are arranged in parallel with another polythiophene at a distance of 1mm to form the super capacitor, conductive adhesive tapes and conductive silver adhesives are fixed to the two ends of the super capacitor on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film, and potassium sulfate-PVA (polyvinyl acetate) gel electrolyte is coated on the surface of the super capacitor, so that the flexible fibrous self-powered super capacitor integrated device is prepared, the total energy conversion efficiency is 5.0%, and the number of cycles is 2000.
Example 3
The dye-sensitized solar cell is formed by encapsulating titanium wires with highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays grown on the surfaces and double-length polyaniline fibers in an FEP transparent tube, wherein the electrolyte is I-/I3 -An electrolyte; meanwhile, polyaniline fibers of the dye-sensitized solar cell are used as the positive electrode of the super capacitor and are arranged in parallel with another polyaniline at an interval of 1mm to form the super capacitor, conductive adhesive tapes and conductive silver adhesives are fixed at two ends of the super capacitor on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film, and carboxymethyl cellulose lithium-PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) gel electrolyte is coated on the surface of the super capacitor, so that the flexible fibrous self-powered super capacitor integrated device is prepared, the total energy conversion efficiency is 4.5%, and the number of cycles is 1500.
Example 4
The titanium wires with the highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays growing on the surface and the polypyrrole fibers with the length twice are packaged in an FEP transparent tube to form the dye-sensitized solar cell,the electrolyte is I-/I3 -An electrolyte; and meanwhile, polypyrrole fibers of the dye-sensitized solar cell are used as the anode of the supercapacitor and are arranged in parallel with another piece of polypyrrole at a distance of 1mm to form the supercapacitor, two ends of the supercapacitor are fixed on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film by using a conductive adhesive tape and a conductive silver adhesive, and a sodium perchlorate-PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) gel electrolyte is coated on the surface of the supercapacitor, so that the flexible fibrous self-powered supercapacitor integrated device is prepared, the total energy conversion efficiency is 4.0%, and the number of cycles is 1300.
Example 5
The dye-sensitized solar cell is formed by encapsulating titanium wires with highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays growing on the surfaces and two times of long polyfuran fibers in an FEP transparent tube, and the electrolyte is I-/I3 -An electrolyte; and meanwhile, the polyfuran fiber of the dye-sensitized solar cell is used as the anode of the super capacitor and is arranged in parallel with the other polyfuran at a distance of 1mm to form the super capacitor, two ends of the super capacitor are fixed on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film by using a conductive adhesive tape and a conductive silver adhesive, and the surface of the super capacitor is coated with a sodium chloride-PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) gel electrolyte, so that the flexible fibrous self-powered super capacitor integrated device is prepared, wherein the total energy conversion efficiency is 3.8%, and the number of cycles is 1500.
Example 6
The dye-sensitized solar cell is formed by encapsulating titanium wires with highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays growing on the surfaces and polythiophene fibers with double lengths in an FEP transparent tube, and electrolyte I-/I3 -An electrolyte; meanwhile, polythiophene fibers of the dye-sensitized solar cell are used as the anode of the super capacitor and are arranged in parallel with another polythiophene at a distance of 1mm to form the super capacitor, conductive adhesive tapes and conductive silver adhesive tapes are fixed to two ends of the super capacitor on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film, and lithium sulfate-PVA (polyvinyl acetate) gel electrolyte is coated on the surface of the super capacitor, so that the flexible fibrous self-powered super capacitor integrated device is prepared, the total energy conversion efficiency is 5.5%, and the number of cycles is 2000.
Example 7
The titanium wires with highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays grown on the surface and the double-length polyaniline fibers are packaged in the FEP transparent tube to form the dye-sensitized solar cellA pool with electrolyte I-/I3 -An electrolyte; meanwhile, polyaniline fibers of the dye-sensitized solar cell are used as the positive electrode of the super capacitor and are arranged in parallel with another polyaniline at an interval of 1mm to form the super capacitor, conductive adhesive tapes and conductive silver adhesives are fixed at two ends of the super capacitor on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film, and potassium chloride-PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) gel electrolyte is coated on the surface of the super capacitor, so that the flexible fibrous self-powered super capacitor integrated device is prepared, the total energy conversion efficiency is 6.0%, and the number of cycles is 1500.
Example 8
The dye-sensitized solar cell is formed by encapsulating titanium wires with highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays growing on the surfaces and polypyrrole fibers twice as long in an FEP transparent tube, wherein the electrolyte is I-/I3 -An electrolyte; and meanwhile, polypyrrole fibers of the dye-sensitized solar cell are used as the anode of the supercapacitor and are arranged in parallel with another piece of polypyrrole at a distance of 1mm to form the supercapacitor, two ends of the supercapacitor are fixed on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film by using a conductive adhesive tape and a conductive silver adhesive, and the surface of the supercapacitor is coated with a carboxymethyl cellulose potassium-PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) gel electrolyte, so that the flexible fibrous self-powered supercapacitor integrated device is prepared, the total energy conversion efficiency is 4.0%, and the number of circulating cycles is 1000.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a flexible self-powered supercapacitor is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) growing a highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube array on the surface of a titanium wire by adopting an anodic oxidation method, taking the highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube array as a photo-anode of a dye-sensitized solar cell, taking a conductive polymer fiber as a counter electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell, and encapsulating the photo-anode and the counter electrode in an FEP transparent tube to form the dye-sensitized solar cell, wherein an electrolyte I is-/I3 -An electrolyte; (2) the dye-sensitized solar cell in the step (1)The conductive polymer fiber is used as the positive electrode of the super capacitor and is arranged in parallel with another conductive polymer fiber to form the super capacitor, the electrolyte is water system gel electrolyte, and the electrolyte in the water system gel electrolyte is selected from any one of lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and potassium carboxymethyl cellulose.
2. The method for preparing a flexible self-powered supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the length of the conductive polymer fiber in step (1) is twice the length of the array of titanium dioxide nanotubes.
3. The method for preparing the flexible self-powered supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer of the conductive polymer fibers in the step (1) is selected from any one of polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polyfuran and derivatives thereof, and polyacetylene and derivatives thereof.
4. The method for preparing a flexible self-powered supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer fibers in the step (1) are prepared by a method comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of preparing flexible polymer fibers by using a conductive polymer through a wet spinning technology, treating the obtained polymer fibers in an inorganic solution for 0.01-10 hours, washing the polymer fibers with distilled water, drying the polymer fibers in an oven at 50-150 ℃ for 0.01-1 hour to obtain a first product, and treating the first product in the inorganic solution for 0.01-10 hours.
5. The method for preparing the flexible self-powered supercapacitor according to claim 4, wherein the conductive polymer fibers have an operating voltage window of not less than 1V, an energy conversion efficiency of not less than 7% and an electrical conductivity of not less than 1000S/cm.
6. A flexible self-powered supercapacitor prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the total energy conversion efficiency of the supercapacitor is not lower than 3%, and the cycle life of the supercapacitor is not lower than 1000 cycles.
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