CN109614670B - Courtyard layout optimization design method in severe cold region - Google Patents
Courtyard layout optimization design method in severe cold region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a courtyard layout optimization design method in a severe cold area, which comprises the following steps of: step 1: establishing a reference geometric model and a design scheme comparison group of courtyard layout of villages and towns in a severe cold region; step 2: setting boundary conditions for microclimate simulation of courtyards of villages and towns in severe cold areas; and step 3: implementing microclimate simulation analysis of courtyards of villages and small towns in severe cold areas, and constructing an index scoring grid diagram; and 4, step 4: collecting courtyard behavior paths and areas of residents in villages and small towns in severe cold areas, and drawing a behavior track grid diagram; and 5: superposing the microclimate index scoring grid map and the village and town resident behavior track grid map to form an evaluation area superposition map; step 6: and evaluating the microclimate index performance of the overlapped area. The design method provided by the invention is more targeted and practicable, can improve the efficiency of solving the microclimate environment problem of the courtyards of villages and towns in severe cold areas, and provides more possibilities for courtyard layout design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building design, and particularly relates to an optimal design method for courtyard layout in a severe cold area by combining behavior tracks and microclimate indexes.
Background
The site around or surrounded by a building is commonly called a court or a courtyard, i.e. all the subsidiary sites, vegetation, etc. of a building. According to the living and production habits of residents in villages and small towns in severe cold areas of China, the courtyard occupies an important position in production and life of farmers, bears multiple using functions, and is a place for residents to realize activities such as life, rest, work, feeding, exercise, reception and the like. Through visiting survey of villages and towns in severe cold areas, more than 90% of visitors consider that the microclimate environment is one of important factors influencing the environment of the courtyard, and the quality of the microclimate environment directly influences the life quality and the production efficiency of residents in the villages and towns. Due to the climate characteristics of long cold winter and short cool summer in severe cold regions, the regional courtyard winter microclimate environment optimization is taken as a main target. Most of the existing courtyard layout optimization design methods evaluate microclimate environments of all areas of a courtyard, but when a plurality of indexes are analyzed in a superposition mode, a scheme for enabling all the indexes to achieve optimization is difficult to obtain. The invention introduces the behavior characteristics and the comfort requirements of people, combines the behavior tracks of residents with the microclimate indexes, and intensively evaluates the regions and paths of frequent activities of residents in the courtyard of villages and small towns on the basis of the whole-region analysis, thereby reducing the region range needing optimized analysis in the courtyard, providing more possibilities for the design scheme, and simultaneously reducing the complexity of scheme adjustment brought by the contradiction of each index of the microclimate. In addition, the microclimate data are classified and given with scores in the evaluation process according to the relevant standards and the comfort requirements of residents, and the comfort experience of the residents can be reflected more visually.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a courtyard layout optimization design method in a severe cold area. The technical scheme is as follows:
a courtyard layout optimization design method in a severe cold area comprises the following steps:
step 1: and establishing a reference geometric model and a design scheme comparison group of the courtyard layout of villages and towns in the severe cold region.
According to the research and statistical result of courtyards of villages and small towns in severe cold regions, a standard geometric model of courtyard layout is established, wherein the model comprises the following entity elements: main house, warehouse, greening, enclosing wall and auxiliary house. Generating a series of village and town courtyard layout design schemes from two dimensions by using a single-factor control variable method with a reference geometric model as a reference, wherein the dimensions are the same in factors such as building size, greening configuration and enclosure type, and the courtyard layout form is used as a variable; the other dimension is the same in layout form, and the building size, the enclosing wall type, the height or the greening configuration and the like are used as variables. Analysis was performed with a single element as a variable in each control group.
Step 2: and setting boundary conditions for microclimate simulation of courtyards of villages and towns in severe cold regions.
According to typical annual meteorological data information of the area where the courtyard is located and with reference to actual test measurement results, meteorological environment parameters such as initial wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation during winter microclimate environment simulation of the cold courtyard are set as boundary conditions.
And step 3: and (3) carrying out microclimate simulation analysis on courtyards of villages and small towns in severe cold regions, and constructing a microclimate index scoring grid map.
And (3) according to the village and town courtyard layout design scheme comparison group established in the step (1) and the microclimate environment simulation boundary conditions set in the step (2), performing microclimate environment simulation analysis on the village and town courtyards by using related simulation analysis software. And respectively outputting a sunshine distribution diagram, a wind speed distribution diagram and a temperature distribution diagram of the courtyards of the villages and the towns according to the simulation result. According to the general scale of courtyards of villages and small towns in severe cold regions, the courtyards are divided into a grid system with the size of 2m multiplied by 2m (the grid scale can be adjusted according to the specific scale size and the analysis precision of the courtyards, such as 1m multiplied by 1m, 2m multiplied by 2m, 3m multiplied by 3m and the like), simulation data of microclimate indexes are divided into 5 grades respectively according to relevant standards and comfort evaluation of users, and each grade is endowed with a corresponding score, so that a grading grid diagram of the microclimate indexes of the courtyards is constructed.
And 4, step 4: collecting courtyard behavior paths and areas of residents in villages and small towns in severe cold areas, and drawing a behavior track grid diagram.
Daily behavior tracks of residents in villages and towns in severe cold regions are closely related to climatic conditions, a GIS data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring the behavior tracks of the residents in the courtyards in winter, so that courtyards behavior rules of the residents are extracted, the courtyards are divided into a grid system with the size of 2m multiplied by 2m (the scale of a micro-climate index scoring grid is consistent), and a courtyard behavior track grid diagram of the residents of each design scheme in a comparison group is drawn.
And 5: and superposing the microclimate index scoring grid map and the village and town resident behavior track grid map to form an evaluation area superposition map.
In order to visually reflect the influence of the microclimate environment on the courtyard activities of the residents of the villages, the courtyard behavior track grid map of the villages drawn in the step 4 and the microclimate index scoring grid map constructed in the step 3 are superposed, and the superposed area, namely the area where the residents of the villages frequently move or walk, is mainly evaluated.
Step 6: microclimate environmental performance of the coincident regions was evaluated.
And (5) carrying out comprehensive evaluation on the performance of the microclimate environment on the evaluation area overlay formed in the step (5). Because the influence degrees of each index of the microclimate on residents in villages and small towns are different, and the demands of the residents on different indexes are different, firstly, the weight of each index of the microclimate is determined by adopting an MCE multi-standard evaluation method; secondly, calculating the weighted total score of each grid after superposition of the grading grid graphs of the sunlight, the wind speed and the air temperature indexes, wherein the higher the total score is, the better the performance of the microclimate environment is, and therefore, a better courtyard layout design scheme is obtained through evaluation; and if the design schemes participating in the evaluation all do not meet the requirements, repeating the steps 3, 5 and 6 until a better design scheme is obtained.
Further, in the step 1, the auxiliary rooms are dry toilets, garages and cultivation sheds.
Further, in step 1, the standard geometric model of the courtyard layout is: according to the position relation of the main house and the warehouse, the layout forms comprise a linear form, an L form, a U form and a Hui form; the size of the main room is 10m multiplied by 6m multiplied by 4.5m, and the number is usually 1; the size of the warehouse is 6m multiplied by 4m, and the number can be more than 1; the height of the enclosing wall is 1.5 m; no greening configuration.
Further, in step 3, the microclimate indexes comprise sunlight, wind speed and air temperature.
Further, in step 3, the relevant simulation analysis software comprises Envi-met, Ecotex, Photonics, Fluent and the like.
Further, in step 3, according to the relevant standards and the comfort evaluation of the user, the simulation data of the microclimate indexes are divided into 5 grades, corresponding scores are given, and the degree of goodness of a certain index can be visually judged.
Further, in step 3, the microclimate index scoring grid map comprises a sunshine scoring grid map, a wind speed scoring grid map and an air temperature scoring grid map.
Further, in step 4, the behavior trace grid map includes a main activity area (planar area) and a behavior path (linear area) of the resident.
Further, in step 6, the MCE multi-standard evaluation method is used to determine the weight of the sunlight, wind speed, and air temperature indexes, and then the total score of each grid is obtained through weighting calculation, rather than simply adding the scores.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention breaks through the layout optimization design method for courtyard whole-area microclimate evaluation, introduces human behavior characteristics and comfort requirements, combines a microclimate index scoring grid quantified by scores with a resident daily behavior track grid, mainly evaluates the microclimate environment performance of residents in frequent activity or walking areas in the courtyard on the basis of whole-area analysis, and obtains the total score of each grid by adopting a weighting calculation method according to the weight of each index of microclimate, so that the evaluation result can visually reflect the comfortable experience of residents. The design method provided by the invention is more targeted and implementable, reduces the area range of the courtyard needing optimized analysis, avoids excessive contradictions in the multi-index comprehensive evaluation and analysis process, provides more possibilities for the design scheme, and can improve the efficiency of solving the microclimate environment problem of the courtyard in the villages and the towns in the severe cold region.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the courtyard layout optimization design method in severe cold areas.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1 (3 indices taking into account the microclimate, same as the previous step)
Step 1: and establishing a reference geometric model and a design scheme comparison group of the courtyard layout of villages and towns in the severe cold region.
Step 2: and setting boundary conditions for microclimate simulation of courtyards of villages and towns in severe cold regions.
And step 3: and (4) carrying out microclimate simulation analysis on courtyards of villages and small towns in severe cold regions, and constructing an index scoring grid map.
And 4, step 4: collecting courtyard behavior paths and areas of residents in villages and small towns in severe cold areas, and drawing a behavior track grid diagram.
And 5: and superposing the microclimate index scoring grid map and the village and town resident behavior track grid map to form an evaluation area superposition map.
Step 6: microclimate environment performance of the coinciding zones was evaluated.
Second embodiment (consider two or one index, different in step 3 and step 6)
Step 1: and establishing a reference geometric model and a design scheme comparison group of the courtyard layout of villages and towns in the severe cold region.
Step 2: and setting boundary conditions for microclimate simulation of courtyards of villages and towns in severe cold regions.
And step 3: and (4) carrying out microclimate simulation analysis on courtyards of villages and small towns in severe cold regions, and constructing an index scoring grid map.
And (3) according to the village and town courtyard layout design scheme comparison group established in the step (1) and the microclimate environment simulation boundary conditions set in the step (2), performing microclimate environment simulation analysis on the village and town courtyards by using related simulation analysis software. And selecting any two or one of sunshine, wind speed and air temperature for evaluation according to the microclimate index, and outputting a corresponding distribution graph according to a simulation result. The courtyard is divided into a grid system with the size of 2m multiplied by 2m, the simulation data of the selected indexes are divided into 5 grades according to relevant standards and subjective evaluation of users, and each grade is endowed with a corresponding score, so that a grading grid diagram of courtyard microclimate indexes is constructed.
And 4, step 4: collecting courtyard behavior paths and areas of residents in villages and small towns in severe cold areas, and drawing a behavior track grid diagram.
And 5: and superposing the microclimate index scoring grid map and the village and town resident behavior track grid map to form an evaluation area superposition map.
Step 6: microclimate environment performance of the coinciding zones was evaluated.
And (5) carrying out comprehensive evaluation on the performance of the microclimate environment on the evaluation area overlay formed in the step (5). Firstly, determining the weight of each index of the microclimate by adopting an MCE multi-standard evaluation method (if the index is a single index, the weight does not need to be calculated), secondly, calculating the weighted total score of each grid after the index scoring grid graphs are superposed (if the index is a single index, the total score is the score of the single index, the weighted calculation is not needed), wherein the higher the total score is, the better the microclimate environment performance is, and therefore, a better courtyard layout design scheme is obtained through evaluation; and if the design schemes participating in the evaluation all do not meet the requirements, repeating the step 3, the step 5 and the step 6 until a better design scheme is obtained.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A courtyard layout optimization design method in a severe cold area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: establishing a reference geometric model and a design scheme comparison group of courtyard layout of villages and towns in a severe cold region;
according to the research and statistical result of courtyards of villages and small towns in severe cold regions, a standard geometric model of courtyard layout is established, wherein the model comprises the following entity elements: a main room, a warehouse, greening, enclosing walls and auxiliary rooms; generating a series of village and town courtyard layout design schemes from two dimensions by using a single-factor control variable method with a reference geometric model as a reference, wherein the building dimension, the greening configuration and the enclosure type of one dimension are the same in factor, and the courtyard layout form is used as a variable; the other dimension is the same in layout form, and the building size, the enclosure type and the height or the greening configuration are used as variables; analyzing by taking a single element as a variable in each comparison group;
step 2: setting boundary conditions for microclimate simulation of courtyards of villages and towns in severe cold areas;
setting initial wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity and meteorological environment parameters of solar radiation of the cold courtyard during winter microclimate environment simulation as boundary conditions according to typical annual meteorological data information of the area where the courtyard is located and referring to an actual test measurement result;
and step 3: implementing microclimate simulation analysis of courtyards of villages and small towns in severe cold regions, and constructing a microclimate index scoring grid diagram;
according to the village and town courtyard layout design scheme comparison group established in the step 1 and the microclimate environment simulation boundary conditions set in the step 2, performing microclimate environment simulation analysis on the village and town courtyards by using related simulation analysis software; respectively outputting a sunshine distribution map, a wind speed distribution map and a temperature distribution map of the courtyards of the villages and the towns according to the simulation result; dividing courtyards into a grid system with the size of 2m multiplied by 2m according to the size of courtyards of villages and towns in severe cold regions, dividing simulation data of microclimate indexes into 5 grades respectively according to relevant standards and comfort evaluation of users, and endowing each grade with a corresponding score so as to construct a grading grid diagram of the microclimate indexes of the courtyards;
and 4, step 4: collecting courtyard behavior paths and areas of residents in villages and small towns in severe cold areas, and drawing a behavior track grid diagram;
daily behavior tracks of residents in villages and towns in severe cold areas are closely related to climatic conditions, a GIS data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring the behavior tracks of the residents in the courtyards in winter, so that courtyard behavior rules of the residents are extracted, the courtyards are divided into grid systems with the sizes of 2m multiplied by 2m, and courtyards behavior track grid graphs of all design schemes in a comparison group are drawn;
and 5: superposing the microclimate index scoring grid map and the village and town resident behavior track grid map to form an evaluation area superposition map;
in order to visually reflect the influence of the microclimate environment on courtyard activities of residents in villages and small towns, superposing the courtyard behavior track grid map drawn in the step (4) and the microclimate index scoring grid map constructed in the step (3), and mainly evaluating a superposed region, namely a region where residents in villages frequently move or walk;
step 6: evaluating the microclimate environment performance of the overlapped area;
carrying out comprehensive evaluation on the performance of the microclimate environment on the evaluation area overlay formed in the step 5; because the influence degrees of each microclimate index on residents in villages and small towns are different, and the demands of the residents on different indexes are also different, firstly, the weight of each microclimate index is determined by adopting an MCE multi-standard evaluation method; secondly, calculating the weighted total score of each grid after superposition of the grading grid graphs of the sunlight, the wind speed and the air temperature indexes, wherein the higher the total score is, the better the performance of the microclimate environment is, and therefore, a better courtyard layout design scheme is obtained through evaluation; and if the design schemes participating in the evaluation all do not meet the requirements, repeating the steps 3, 5 and 6 until a better design scheme is obtained.
2. The optimal design method for the courtyard layout in the severe cold region as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step 1, wherein the auxiliary rooms are dry toilets, garages and cultivation sheds.
3. The method for optimizing and designing the courtyard layout in the severe cold region according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the reference geometric model of the courtyard layout is as follows: according to the position relation of the main house and the warehouse, the layout forms comprise a straight type, an L type, a U type and a return type; the size of the main room is 10m multiplied by 6m multiplied by 4.5m, and the number is 1; the size of the warehouse is 6m multiplied by 4m, and the number is more than 1; the height of the enclosing wall is 1.5 m; and no greening configuration is adopted.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the microclimate indexes include sunlight, wind speed and air temperature.
5. The severe cold region courtyard layout optimization design method of claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the related simulation analysis software comprises Envi-met, Ecotect, photonics and Fluent.
6. The method for optimizing the layout of the courtyard in the severe cold region according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the simulation data of the microclimate indexes are divided into 5 grades according to the relevant standards and the comfort evaluation of users, corresponding scores are given, and the degree of superiority and inferiority of a certain index can be visually judged.
7. The optimal design method for the courtyard layout in the severe cold region as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the microclimate index scoring grid map comprises a sunshine scoring grid map, a wind speed scoring grid map and an air temperature scoring grid map.
8. The severe cold region courtyard layout optimization design method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4, the behavior trajectory grid map comprises main activity areas and behavior paths of residents.
9. The courtyard layout optimization design method in the severe cold region as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 6, the MCE multi-standard evaluation method is used to determine the weight of the sunlight, the wind speed and the air temperature index, and then the total score of each grid is obtained through weighting calculation, rather than simply adding the scores.
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| CN111402416A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-10 | 东南大学 | Method for manufacturing and using building site sunlight and wind environment comprehensive digital map |
| CN112199748B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2023-11-24 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Plan design method and device based on human activity information and terminal equipment |
| CN113449364B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2023-01-03 | 上海柏涛建筑设计有限公司 | Building rapid layout method based on rolling modules |
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