CN109614652A - It is a kind of containing inhibit gap scattering coating contracting than target formation method - Google Patents
It is a kind of containing inhibit gap scattering coating contracting than target formation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of containing the contracting for inhibiting gap to scatter coating than target formation method, include following procedure: on the basis of considering contracting than material reflection characteristic, simulation analysis is carried out to the structure effect between target weak scattering source and material, object module is then compared by the contracting for taking adjustment gap width optimization scattering properties more close；Building method further comprises: the step S1, input of prototype stealth material data and the shape parameter containing slit die；Step S2, prototype stealth material oblique reflection rate is calculated；Step S3, material is compared in construction contracting；Step S4, gap width is set；Step S5, RCS simulation comparison；Step S6, object module is compared in output contracting.The present invention, which has, is directed to the electromagnetic model containing coating and weak scattering, can guarantee the reflection of scale model and the consistency of scattering properties.The scale model that the present invention constructs carries out gap width compensation to weak scattering source, more convenient for the manufacture of scale model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of target characteristic test and construction of a scaling stealth material, in particular to a method for constructing a scaling target containing a gap scattering inhibiting coating.
Background
Stealth materials such as surface wave-absorbing coatings, carbon fiber skins, leading edge wave-absorbing structures, honeycomb structures and the like are largely used in stealth aircrafts in modern military systems, wherein the dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability of the stealth materials generally change along with the change of frequency, so that the corresponding electromagnetic performance is difficult to guarantee in the frequency range of scale measurement. In order to keep the scale model system to follow the similarity criterion under the working frequency, the scale stealth material meeting the requirements needs to be prepared. The scaling model and the prototype target need to keep the electrical size ratio unchanged, and more importantly, ensure that the electromagnetic scattering characteristics are the same. The stealth material mainly comprises a coating type stealth material and a structural type stealth material, and for the reduction ratio of the coating type stealth material (or called stealth coating), a sample can be regarded as a plate material, the thickness of the prototype is small, the structure is simple, but the change of the magnetic permeability along with the frequency is considered, and strict electromagnetic design is required during the reduction ratio. In general, when the electromagnetic parameters of a material are different from those of a prototype material, the designed thickness does not comply with the relation of the reduction thickness, i.e., the prototype thickness/reduction coefficient. In addition, in engineering applications, the stealth material is mostly applied to electromagnetic scattering characteristics of targets, the maximum reflection can be reduced through the shape design for strong scattering, and for weak scattering, due to the mechanical processing level of equipment and the limitation in assembly, a plurality of discontinuous characteristics of the stealth aircraft body are existed, such as gaps, steps, rivets and the like. Corresponding suppression technology is usually adopted for the scattering caused by the discontinuous features in the design, for example, for a gap on the surface of an airplane, a treatment mode of spraying a wave-absorbing coating is usually adopted at the gap to suppress the electromagnetic scattering. Therefore, in the scale test, in order to obtain more accurate target characteristic data, the scale construction of the slits and the surface-coated stealth material is required for a scattering source such as the slits.
At present, researches on a preparation method of an electromagnetic scaling material are carried out aiming at a non-metallic material such as a coating, and the design is carried out based on the reflectivity of the material, however, the coupling effect between a weak scattering source and the scaling material is not involved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method of a scaling target with a coating for inhibiting gap scattering, which aims at a flat target model with a gap structure, takes a prototype uniform coating material as a basis, carries out simulation analysis on the structural effect between a target weak scattering source and the material on the basis of considering the reflection characteristic of the scaling material, and optimizes a more approximate scaling stealth material. The invention introduces the characteristics of the material and the weak scattering source into the design and preparation of the scaling material, and is beneficial to constructing a more vivid scaling target model. The material constructed by the invention can be applied to a target electromagnetic scaling test, has simple design method and high efficiency, and is an efficient construction method of the electromagnetic scaling material with application prospect.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of constructing a scaled target with a gap scatter suppressing coating, comprising the steps of: on the basis of considering the reflection characteristic of a scaling material, carrying out simulation analysis on the structural effect between a target weak scattering source and the material, and then optimizing a scaling target model with a scattering characteristic closer to that of the target weak scattering source by adjusting the width of a gap; the construction method further comprises: step S1, inputting prototype stealth material data and parameters of a seam-containing model;
step S2, calculating the oblique reflectivity of the prototype stealth material;
step S3, constructing a scaled material;
step S4, setting the width of the gap;
step S5, RCS simulation comparison;
and step S6, outputting the scaling target model.
Further, the step S1 further includes: the prototype stealth material data comprises electromagnetic parameters and thickness d of the material; the electromagnetic parameters comprise complex dielectric constant epsilon, complex permeability mu, prototype testing frequency f and scaling coefficient s; the parameters of the slot-containing model comprise the geometric dimensions of the slot-containing model.
Preferably, the geometric dimensions of the seam-containing model include: the method comprises the steps of enabling a seam-containing model to be provided with the length a, the width b and the thickness t of a metal flat plate, the lower surface edge chamfering slope of the metal flat plate, the length l, the width w and the thickness p of a seam of the seam-containing model, and coating a stealth material on the upper surface of the seam-containing model except the seam.
Further, the step S2 further includes: according to the electromagnetic parameters of the prototype stealth material and the thickness d of the prototype stealth material, the oblique reflectivity is calculated and solved by using a transmission matrix equation of a single-layer material, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula,Z0＝377Ω。
further, the step S3 further includes: optimizing the addition ratio and the thickness of the scaling material by adopting a genetic algorithm according to a pre-established electromagnetic parameter library of the wave-absorbing material; setting a target function as a reflectivity deviation summation value, summing horizontal polarization oblique reflectivity difference values of every 1 DEG within the range of an incident angle from 0-90 DEG, carrying out interpolation calculation on material electromagnetic parameters under any addition ratio by adopting a Hermite interpolation theory according to the electromagnetic parameters to obtain a final addition ratio and a final thickness, and selecting a minimum thickness term as a final optimization result.
Further, the step S4 further includes: for a scaling model containing a gap and a stealth coating, reducing the metal medium part of the scaling model except the gap width according to a scaling coefficient; the area size of the stealth coating of the scaling model is reduced according to the scaling coefficient, the thickness of the stealth coating of the scaling model is the optimized thickness, and the adjustment quantity of the gap width is adjusted according to the sequence of 0mm, ± 0.5mm, ± 0.75mm, ± 1 mm.
Further, the step S5 further includes: selecting electromagnetic waves incident along the horizontal direction, wherein the electromagnetic waves are always vertical to the diagonal line of the metal flat plate and are used for weakening the influence of the metal edge on the test result; defining: the electromagnetic wave incidence direction is 0 degree incidence angle when being vertical to the plane of the metal flat plate, and the incidence angle range is 45-90 degrees; the incident electromagnetic wave electric field directions include HH polarization and VV polarization.
Further, the step S6 further includes: and carrying out simulation analysis calculation on the incidence conditions of the electromagnetic waves before and after scaling, wherein the simulation analysis comprises single-station RCS simulation or double-station RCS simulation, carrying out 20lg(s) weighted compensation on the RCS of the scaling model, calculating the RCS mean value of each sample, and fitting the gap width which is the closest to the RCS mean value of the RCS and the full-size model RCS by adopting a Hermite interpolation method for calculating the gap compensation quantity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method for constructing the scaling target with the coating for inhibiting the gap scattering is slightly different from other conventional single scaling stealth material construction modes, and not only needs to consider the electromagnetic property of the scaling stealth material, but also needs to consider the coupling property of the scaling stealth material and the gap structure. And designing a scaling model meeting the predicted characteristics based on the RCS characteristics of the target model. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention mainly aims at the electromagnetic model containing the coating and weak scattering, and can ensure the consistency of the reflection and scattering characteristics of the scaling model.
(2) The scaling model constructed by the invention performs gap width compensation on the weak scattering source, and is more convenient for manufacturing the scaling model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a scaled target construction method including a gap scatter suppression coating provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simulation state of a slit plate test piece according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a top view of a metal plate sample containing a gap coating according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a bottom view of a metal plate sample with a gap coating provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a slope reflectivity of a prototype material provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a scaled material reflectivity slope provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 6 is a single station RCS for each model HH polarization provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be further described by way of the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for constructing a scaled target with a gap scattering suppression coating according to the present invention comprises:
step S1, inputting the prototype stealth material data and the parameters of the seam-containing model:
the input prototype stealth material data mainly comprises: electromagnetic parameters and thickness d of the prototype stealth material;
the electromagnetic parameters include: complex permittivity epsilon and complex permeability mu, prototype test frequency f and scaling factor s.
The parameters of the slot-containing model mainly comprise: the slot-containing model has various geometric dimensions, such as the length a, width b and thickness t of the metal plate, the slope of the edge chamfer 310 of the lower surface 31, and the length l, width w and thickness p of the slot.
In this example, ∈ 21.99-j2.24, μ ═ 2.10-j2.35, j2The prototype frequency f is 8GHz, the scaling factor s is 2, the thickness d is 0.5mm, and the scaling frequency f can be obtained as-1s10GHz, combined figure3a and 3b, taking a metal aluminum plate as an example, the metal flat plate has the following parameters of slot-containing model: the slit 300 of the upper surface 30 of the aluminum metal plate is an object, the aluminum metal plate has the size of 300mm long, 300mm wide and 5mm thick, the rear edge of the lower surface 31 of the aluminum metal plate is processed by a chamfer 310 with the slope of 0.25, the slit 300 is 300mm long, 2mm wide and 3mm high along the diagonal of the aluminum metal plate, and the whole area of the upper surface 30 is coated with a stealth material (except the slit 300).
Step S2, calculating the oblique reflectivity of the prototype stealth material:
according to the electromagnetic parameters of the stealth material and the thickness d of the prototype stealth material, the oblique reflectivity is calculated and solved by using a transmission matrix equation of a single-layer material, only the condition that the incident electromagnetic wave type is TM (at the moment, the magnetic field vector is vertical to the incident plane) needs to be considered, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,Z0＝377Ω。
in this example, calculated according to the above formula as shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that the reflectance first decreases with increasing angle, reaches a minimum value of-10.67 dB at the 73 ° position, and then increases rapidly to 0dB with increasing angle to 90 °.
Step S3, scaled material construction:
firstly, selecting the type of particles of a scaling material, and establishing a particle electromagnetic parameter library according to the early stage, namely electromagnetic parameters of the material under different addition ratios. And then, optimally designing the addition ratio and the thickness of the scaled material by adopting a genetic algorithm, wherein an optimization function is the sum of the difference values of the oblique reflectivity at every 1 DEG when the incident angle ranges from 0-90 DEG, the electromagnetic parameters related in the middle are calculated by adopting a Hermite interpolation theory to complete the calculation of the electromagnetic parameters of the material under any addition ratio, so that a series of addition ratios and thicknesses meeting the conditions can be obtained, and the item with the minimum thickness is selected as the final optimization result.
In this embodiment, the type of the selected scaling material particles is sheet carbonyl iron wave-absorbing particles, and an electromagnetic parameter library of the particles is established according to an earlier stage, that is, electromagnetic parameters of the material at different addition ratios. And then, optimally designing the addition ratio and the thickness of the scaled material by adopting a genetic algorithm, wherein the optimization of the two variables is based on the approximation of the reflectivity, the process is completed by summing the difference values of the oblique reflectivity under the range of the incident angle from 0-90 degrees, the electromagnetic parameters related in the middle are completed by interpolating the electromagnetic parameters of the material under any addition ratio by adopting a Hermite interpolation theory, then, the addition ratio and the thickness meeting the conditions can be obtained, the item with the minimum thickness is selected as the final optimization result, and the optimization result is as follows: the thickness of the material is 0.5mm, the volume addition ratio is 35 percent, and the electromagnetic parameter of the shrinkage material is epsilonscale＝14.27-j0.59，μscaleThe optimized reflectivity is shown in fig. 5 at 0.83-j1.04, and it can be seen that the reflectivity still maintains a trend of decreasing first and then increasing as the angle increases, with a minimum reaching at the 76 ° position, with a minimum of-12.69 dB. As the angle is increased to 90 degrees, the reflectivity reaches 0dB, and compared with the original scaled material, the reflectivity at other angles is smaller except that the reflectivity near the peak value (70 degrees to 80 degrees) has certain deviation.
Step S4, setting of slit width:
aiming at a scaling model containing a gap and a stealth coating, the metal medium part (except the gap width) of the scaling model is reduced according to a scaling coefficient, the area size of the scaling coating is reduced according to the scaling coefficient, the thickness is the optimized thickness, and the scaling of the gap width is completed according to the sequence of 0mm, ± 0.5mm, ± 0.75mm, ± 1mm and the like.
In this embodiment, the size of the aluminum sheet is 150mm × 150mm, the length of the slit is 150mm, the thickness of the slit is 1.5mm, and the reduction ratio of the width of the slit is completed according to 1mm, 0.5mm, 1.25mm and 1.5mm, so that interpolation calculation is performed according to the result of compensation, and the compensation width reaching the optimal design is obtained.
Step S5, RCS simulation comparison:
due to strong electromagnetic scattering of the gap, the simulation state refers to the past research. When the transmission direction of the selected incident electromagnetic wave is parallel to the normal direction of the metal flat plate, the metal flat plate generates high-strength mirror reflection, at the moment, gap scattering is submerged and cannot be observed, the electromagnetic scattering of the metal flat plate is quickly attenuated along with the deviation of the incident direction, and the gap scattering is gradually shown. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave is selected to be incident along the horizontal direction and is always perpendicular to the diagonal line of the flat plate, so that the edge of the flat plate cannot be orthogonal to the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave at most angles of rotation of the test piece, and the influence of the metal edge on the test result is weakened. Definition in the test: the incident direction is 0 degree when vertical to the metal plate, and the rotating range of the incident angle is 45-90 degrees. The incident electric field directions are parallel to the horizontal plane (i.e. HH polarization) and perpendicular to the horizontal plane (i.e. VV polarization).
Aiming at a model with a scaling structure, a FEKO software platform is adopted to perform simulation analysis calculation on electromagnetic wave incidence conditions before and after scaling, the simulation analysis calculation comprises single-station RCS simulation or double-station RCS simulation, the adopted algorithm is completed by combining a moment method with a rapid multi-stage sub-algorithm, 20lg(s) of weighting compensation is performed on the RCS of the scaling model after the calculation is completed, then the RCS mean value of each sample piece is calculated, the gap compensation quantity is calculated by adopting a Hermite interpolation method, and the gap width which is the closest to the RCS mean value of the RCS and the full-size model RCS is fitted.
In this embodiment, aiming at the scaling structure model with 4 gap widths, a FEKO software platform is adopted to perform simulation analysis calculation on the electromagnetic wave incidence conditions before and after scaling, including single-station RCS simulation, the adopted algorithm is completed by combining a moment method and a fast multi-base algorithm, the calculation is completed and the RCS of the scaling model is compensated by 20lg(s), so as to obtain a series of RCS curves, as shown in fig. 6, it can be seen that the width of the gap is 1mm after the full-scale model gap is calculated according to the scaling factor, however, it can be seen through simulation that the RCS compensation of the sample piece is higher than the full-scale model when the scaling gap is 1mm, and as the scaling gap of the sample piece increases, the RCS of the model is gradually increased, the deviation from the full-size model is larger, and when the scaling gap is reduced to 0.5mm, the RCS of the sample is lower than the full-scale model by compensating for the shrinkage ratio, so an interpolation algorithm needs to be used to obtain the optimal gap.
Step S6, outputting the scaling target model
The optimized results are given, and comprise the size of the scaled flat plate model, the length and the width of the gap, the structural size of the scaled coating, the addition ratio and the like.
In this example, the geometric means of the curves were counted to obtain the RCS value of-32.22 dB sm for the full-scale model, and the RCS geometric means of-35.51 dB mm for each of the 4 slot widths2、-29.11dB*m2、-26.91dB*m2And-25.11 dB m2The optimal scaling width of 0.72mm can be obtained by interpolation calculation, and the result is shown in fig. 6, and the comparison shows that the maximum deviation of the RCS value along with the increase of the angle is not higher than 2.5dB, and the average value is-31.58 dB m2And the deviation value is 0.64dB, so that the requirement of a scaling test can be met. The materials and dimensions of the scaled model thus designed are as follows: the size of the scaled flat model (length 150mm, width 150mm, thickness 2.5mm), the length of the gap 150mm and the width 0.72mm, the length of the scaled coating 150mm, the width 150mm and the thickness 0.5mm, and the addition ratio is 35%.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method of constructing a scaled target including a coating for suppressing gap scattering, comprising the steps of: on the basis of considering the reflection characteristic of a scaling material, carrying out simulation analysis on the structural effect between a target weak scattering source and the material, and then optimizing a scaling target model with a scattering characteristic closer to that of the target weak scattering source by adjusting the width of a gap; the construction method further comprises:
step S1, inputting prototype stealth material data and parameters of a seam-containing model;
step S2, calculating the oblique reflectivity of the prototype stealth material;
step S3, constructing a scaled material;
step S4, setting the width of the gap;
step S5, RCS simulation comparison;
and step S6, outputting the scaling target model.
2. A method for constructing scaled objects with a coating having a gap scatter suppression function according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 further comprises:
the prototype stealth material data comprises electromagnetic parameters and thickness d of the material;
the electromagnetic parameters comprise complex dielectric constant epsilon, complex permeability mu, prototype testing frequency f and scaling coefficient s;
the parameters of the slot-containing model comprise the geometric dimensions of the slot-containing model.
3. A method of constructing scaled targets with coatings having slot-containing scatter-suppressing functionality according to claim 2, wherein the geometric dimensions of the slot-containing model include: the method comprises the steps of enabling a seam-containing model to be provided with the length a, the width b and the thickness t of a metal flat plate, the lower surface edge chamfering slope of the metal flat plate, the length l, the width w and the thickness p of a seam of the seam-containing model, and coating a stealth material on the upper surface of the seam-containing model except the seam.
4. A scaled target construction method with a coating having a slot scatter suppression function according to claim 2,
the step S2 further includes: according to the electromagnetic parameters of the prototype stealth material and the thickness d of the prototype stealth material, the oblique reflectivity is calculated and solved by using a transmission matrix equation of a single-layer material, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula,Z0＝377Ω。
5. a method for constructing scaled objects with a coating having a gap scatter suppression function according to claim 4, wherein said step S3 further comprises: optimizing the addition ratio and the thickness of the scaling material by adopting a genetic algorithm according to a pre-established electromagnetic parameter library of the wave-absorbing material;
setting a target function as a reflectivity deviation summation value, summing horizontal polarization oblique reflectivity difference values of every 1 DEG within the range of an incident angle from 0-90 DEG, carrying out interpolation calculation on material electromagnetic parameters under any addition ratio by adopting a Hermite interpolation theory according to the electromagnetic parameters to obtain a final addition ratio and a final thickness, and selecting a minimum thickness term as a final optimization result.
6. A method for constructing scaled objects with a coating having a gap scatter suppression function according to claim 5, wherein said step S4 further comprises:
for a scaling model containing a gap and a stealth coating, reducing the metal medium part of the scaling model except the gap width according to a scaling coefficient;
the area size of the stealth coating of the scaling model is reduced according to the scaling coefficient, the thickness of the stealth coating of the scaling model is the optimized thickness, and the adjustment quantity of the gap width is adjusted according to the sequence of 0mm, ± 0.5mm, ± 0.75mm, ± 1 mm.
7. A method for constructing scaled objects with a coating having a gap scatter suppression function according to claim 6, wherein said step S5 further comprises:
selecting electromagnetic waves incident along the horizontal direction, wherein the electromagnetic waves are always vertical to the diagonal line of the metal flat plate and are used for weakening the influence of the metal edge on the test result;
defining: the electromagnetic wave incidence direction is 0 degree incidence angle when being vertical to the plane of the metal flat plate, and the incidence angle range is 45-90 degrees;
the incident electromagnetic wave electric field directions include HH polarization and VV polarization.
8. A method for constructing scaled objects with a coating having a gap scatter suppression function according to claim 1, wherein said step S6 further comprises: and carrying out simulation analysis calculation on the incidence conditions of the electromagnetic waves before and after scaling, wherein the simulation analysis comprises single-station RCS simulation or double-station RCS simulation, carrying out 20lg(s) weighted compensation on the RCS of the scaling model, calculating the RCS mean value of each sample, and fitting the gap width which is the closest to the RCS mean value of the RCS and the full-size model RCS by adopting a Hermite interpolation method for calculating the gap compensation quantity.
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| CN112606993A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-06 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | Flap edge scattering suppression device |
| CN113030900A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-25 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Dynamic matching reflection coefficient scaling measurement method and device based on surface element distribution |
| CN113378488A (en) * | 2021-05-23 | 2021-09-10 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Method for improving stealth performance of forward radar of aircraft engine |
| CN114220646A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-22 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Construction method of standard sample piece with electromagnetic characteristic actively regulated and controlled based on microparticles |
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| CN106777627A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | A kind of honeycomb inhales the contracting of ripple plate than simulation material building method |
| CN108090251A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-05-29 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Design method is compared in a kind of wave transparent type composite material contracting |
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| CN105224762A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-01-06 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | A kind of contracting based on electromagnetic parameter optimal design is than compound substance compound method |
| CN106777627A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | A kind of honeycomb inhales the contracting of ripple plate than simulation material building method |
| CN108090251A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-05-29 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Design method is compared in a kind of wave transparent type composite material contracting |
Cited By (6)
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| CN112606993A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-06 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | Flap edge scattering suppression device |
| CN113030900A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-25 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Dynamic matching reflection coefficient scaling measurement method and device based on surface element distribution |
| CN113378488A (en) * | 2021-05-23 | 2021-09-10 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Method for improving stealth performance of forward radar of aircraft engine |
| CN113378488B (en) * | 2021-05-23 | 2023-07-21 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Method for improving stealth performance of forward radar of aeroengine |
| CN114220646A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-22 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Construction method of standard sample piece with electromagnetic characteristic actively regulated and controlled based on microparticles |
| CN114220646B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2024-01-02 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Construction method of standard sample based on active regulation of electromagnetic characteristics of microparticles |
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