CN109613121B - Rock fracture acoustic emission and damage imaging integrated monitoring method - Google Patents
Rock fracture acoustic emission and damage imaging integrated monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109613121B CN109613121B CN201910034058.0A CN201910034058A CN109613121B CN 109613121 B CN109613121 B CN 109613121B CN 201910034058 A CN201910034058 A CN 201910034058A CN 109613121 B CN109613121 B CN 109613121B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
Abstract
The invention discloses a rock fracture acoustic emission and damage imaging integrated monitoring method, and belongs to the technical field of rock fracture damage detection. The invention can fully consider the anisotropy of the rock non-mean material, realize the three-dimensional dynamic imaging and the acoustic emission synchronous monitoring of the rock fracture process, and effectively acquire the rock damage evolution and the corresponding acoustic emission information. The invention does not need to add auxiliary equipment or modify equipment, and has low realization cost and strong reliability. The invention provides a technical basis for researching the corresponding relation between the rock fracture damage and the acoustic emission, and simultaneously provides a technical basis for researching the catastrophe precursor characteristic analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock fracture damage detection, and particularly relates to a design of an integrated rock fracture acoustic emission and damage imaging monitoring method.
Background
The detection of the rock fracture damage is an important research foundation of rock fracture evolution mechanism and instability early warning, and has important significance for preventing geotechnical engineering disasters. The opacity of the rock material makes monitoring of the rupture-catastrophic process difficult. The existing detection technology mainly comprises acoustic emission monitoring and ultrasonic detection, and the ultrasonic and acoustic emission nondestructive detection technology is most widely applied in relevant fields such as geotechnical engineering and the like. Ultrasonic nondestructive detection imaging can accurately detect static damage defects (cracks, pores and the like) in the rock; acoustic emission detection can acquire acoustic emission characteristic signals of the rock fracture process to deduce the dynamic damage trend. The method for synchronously monitoring the ultrasonic flaw detection imaging and acoustic emission integration is researched, and has important significance for revealing the evolution rule of rock damage and the internal relation between dynamic rock damage information and acoustic emission.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the corresponding relation between acoustic emission and fracture evolution is difficult to accurately determine due to the lack of an effective monitoring means for directly corresponding the rock fracture evolution and the acoustic emission in the field of rock fracture acoustic emission research at present, and provides an integrated monitoring method for acoustic emission and damage imaging of rock fracture.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a rock fracture acoustic emission and damage imaging integrated monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging an acoustic emission system around the rock to be monitored.
And S2, constructing a three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock.
And S3, in the acoustic emission AST mode, sequentially emitting and receiving acoustic waves through the acoustic emission monitoring sensor of each channel in the acoustic emission system, and testing to obtain the wave velocity of each infinitesimal in the three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock.
And S4, calculating the wave velocity of the unknown wave velocity infinitesimal in the rock by combining the anisotropic wave velocity variation function of the rock according to the wave velocity of each infinitesimal in the three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock.
And S5, obtaining a rock fracture damage imaging graph according to wave velocity inversion of all the microelements in the rock, and completing monitoring of rock fracture.
Further, the acoustic emission system in step S1 is comprised of a matrix of correlation-type acoustic emission monitoring sensors.
Further, the three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock in step S2 is:
V＝{v(ck)|k＝1,2,...,n}
wherein V represents the three-dimensional discrete velocity field of the rock, V (c)k) Denotes the k-th component of the sound wave in the rockkThe propagation velocity within, n represents the total number of constituent infinitesimal elements of the rock.
Further, in step S4, the formula for calculating the wave velocity of the unknown wave velocity infinitesimal inside the rock is:
wherein v is*(c0) Representing the infinitesimal c of unknown wave velocity0Wave velocity estimate of, λkDenotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckAnd unknown wave velocity infinitesimal c0Correlation coefficient of (c), v (c)k) Denotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckThe test wave velocity value of (1).
Further, the correlation coefficient λkThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein r isklDenotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckWith the first known constituent infinitesimal clFunction of variation of wave velocity in each direction, λkDenotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckAnd unknown wave velocity infinitesimal c0Phi denotes the Lagrange multiplier, rk0Denotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckAnd unknown wave velocity infinitesimal c0A wave velocity variation function in each direction, k being 1,2,.., n; 1,2, n.
Further, the wave velocity variation function rklAnd rk0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein E [. C]Representing a mathematical expectation, v (c)k),v(cl) Respectively represent the k-th known composition infinitesimal ckWith the first known constituent infinitesimal clV (c) is the value of the test wave velocity0) Representing the infinitesimal c of unknown wave velocity0The theoretical measured value of the wave velocity of (2).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention realizes the three-dimensional dynamic imaging of the rock fracture, can extract imaging slices at any position, and provides an effective monitoring means for the research on the disaster-causing mechanism of the rock fracture evolution.
(2) The invention realizes the synchronous monitoring of acoustic emission and damage detection, and provides the most direct and effective experimental monitoring means for the research of the relationship between the acoustic emission and rock fracture, the research of the characteristics of acoustic emission key signals and the research of the acoustic emission evolution rule of rock fracture.
(3) The method utilizes the point cloud set theory to construct the three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock, can realize the damage detection imaging of the rock with any shape, and has wider application range.
(4) When the wave velocity of unknown wave velocity infinitesimal in the rock is calculated, the method adopts the variation function principle of a kriging estimation method in the geology statistics, simultaneously considers the space distance between the infinitesimal and the rock anisotropy, and better accords with the rock reality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an integrated rock fracture acoustic emission and damage imaging monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a matrix configuration of a correlation acoustic emission monitoring sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cubic rock three-dimensional discrete velocity field model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sphere-type rock three-dimensional discrete velocity field model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a prismatic rock three-dimensional discrete velocity field model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical rock three-dimensional discrete velocity field model provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of transmission inspection in acoustic emission AST mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle related to a discrete infinitesimal wave velocity region of a rock according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating anisotropy of a rock material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of fitting a variation function according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a rock loading process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating a three-dimensional imaging result immediately before rock failure instability provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a final fracture state of rock provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating the effect of acoustic emission monitoring and three-dimensional imaging in the rock fracturing process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments shown and described in the drawings are merely exemplary and are intended to illustrate the principles and spirit of the invention, not to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a rock fracture acoustic emission and damage imaging integrated monitoring method, which comprises the following steps of S1-S5 as shown in FIG. 1:
s1, arranging an acoustic emission system around the rock to be monitored.
In the embodiment of the invention, the acoustic emission system is composed of a correlation type acoustic emission monitoring sensor matrix. The specific arrangement of the correlation type acoustic emission monitoring sensor matrix is shown in fig. 2, wherein the number of the acoustic emission monitoring sensors is as large as possible (the minimum number is two), and the larger the number of the sensors, the more the known data is provided, and the more accurate the imaging result is. The sensor arrangement ensures the minimum detection blind area of the rock as much as possible, namely ensures that each angle can form sensor correlation as much as possible.
And S2, constructing a three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock.
Before constructing the three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock, firstly, the rock is abstractly discrete into a plurality of component micro-elements, and each component micro-element represents one basic component of the rock. Let ckOf rockThe k-th component element has spatial coordinates (x, y, z) corresponding to the rock, and the rock as a whole can be represented by the set C ═ C k1, 2.., n } and n represents the total number of constituent infinitesimals of the rock. The sound wave propagating in the rock will pass through the elementary composition micro-elements c of the rockkDefinition of v (c)k) Is a sound wave at a infinitesimal ckInternal propagation velocity, the three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock is expressed as V ═ V (c)k)|k＝1,2,...,n}。
The finally constructed three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock may be in a cubic type, a spherical type, a prismatic type or a cylindrical type, as shown in fig. 3 to 6.
And S3, in the acoustic emission AST mode, sequentially emitting and receiving acoustic waves through the acoustic emission monitoring sensor of each channel in the acoustic emission system, and testing to obtain the wave velocity of each infinitesimal in the three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock.
The damage detection is carried out in the acoustic emission AST mode, the sensor of one channel is sequentially controlled by the acoustic emission system to serve as an excitation probe to emit simulated acoustic waves, and the acoustic waves reach other channel sensors from different propagation paths (as shown in fig. 7). Thus, the wave velocity v (c) of each infinitesimal element in the three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock can be tested and obtainedk)。
And S4, calculating the wave velocity of the unknown wave velocity infinitesimal in the rock by combining the anisotropic wave velocity variation function of the rock according to the wave velocity of each infinitesimal in the three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock.
The three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock is expressed as V ═ V (c)k) Wave velocity v (c) of each infinitesimal | k ═ 1,2k) The wave velocity of other constituent elements in the rock is unknown, and an estimation calculation needs to be performed through a certain calculation method, so that the wave velocities of all the constituent elements are obtained, and the damage detection imaging is completed.
Assuming unknown wave velocity infinitesimal c0Has a wave velocity of v (c)0) According to the first law of geography, v (c) is known to be within a certain area0) With the wave velocity v (c) of each infinitesimal in the three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rockk) Correlation, the degree of correlation being determined by the distance between each known and unknown infinitesimalThe anisotropy in the near distance and each direction is determined together, as shown in fig. 8.
Let unknown infinitesimal c0And known infinitesimal ckThe correlation coefficient of the wave velocity is λkBy using the kriging estimation method in geology statistics for reference, the unknown micro-element c can be obtained0Wave velocity estimation v*(c0) Expressed as:
wherein v is*(c0) Representing the infinitesimal c of unknown wave velocity0Wave velocity estimate of, λkDenotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckAnd unknown wave velocity infinitesimal c0Correlation coefficient of (c), v (c)k) Denotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckN represents the total number of known infinitesimal elements in the region, namely the total number of the composition infinitesimal elements of the rock.
To estimate the wave velocity v*(c0) Reach optimum, v*(c0) The mean square error Var [ v (c) ] needs to be satisfied0)-v*(c0)]Minimum, mathematical expectation E [ v (c)0)-v*(c0)]0, wherein v (c)0) As a infinitesimal c of unknown wave velocity0The theoretical measured value of the wave velocity of (2).
According to the above analysis, order
J＝Var[v(c0)-v*(c0)] (2)
From equations (1) and (2) we can derive:
wherein Var [. C]Representing a mean square error operation, Cov [ ·]Denotes the covariance operation, λlDenotes the l known constituent infinitesimal clAnd unknown wave velocity infinitesimal c0Correlation coefficient of (c), v (c)l) Denotes the l known constituent infinitesimal clThe test wave velocity value of (1). Let Ckl＝Cov[v(ck),v(cl)]And substituting into the formula (3) to obtain:
according to the Krigin interpolation principle in the geology statistics, a wave velocity variation function r considering the rock anisotropy is definedkl＝σ2-CklWhere σ is the estimated variance, then Ckl＝σ2-rklSubstituting it into equation (4) yields:
due to the constraint of equation (1)
Equation (5) can be expressed as:
carrying out minimum value solving optimization on the formula (6) by utilizing a Lagrange multiplier method so as to obtain the optimal lambda1,λ2,...,λnNamely:
where φ represents the Lagrangian multiplier, equation (7) is simplified:
from the formula (8), the wave velocity variation function r of the anisotropy of the depicted rock is calculatedklCan be solved to obtain lambdakThen combining the formula (1) to complete the unknown infinitesimal c0Wave velocity estimation v*(c0) Is/are as followsAnd (4) calculating.
The rock is a natural heterogeneous material, FIG. 9 is a CT scanning picture of the interior of the rock, and the basic infinitesimal c can be seen from FIG. 90Is a central edge P1And P2The directions are anisotropic in each direction due to the presence of crack defects and mineral components therein.
Wave velocity variation function for characterizing rock anisotropy is defined in the embodiment of the invention
rklMainly reflects the difference and the correlation of the wave velocity of each composition infinitesimal element of the rock in each direction. From the angle of spatial distribution of each constituent infinitesimal of the rock, rklAnd the distance between the rock and the constituent elements
There is a certain relationship (r ═ r (d)).
The measured wave velocity forming set of a part of rock composition micro-elements can be obtained through experimental measurement, and the distance d between every two composition micro-elements is calculatedkl＝d(ck,cl) Forming a data pair (d)kl,rkl) Can be determined as a function of r (d) by curve fitting the data pair set, as shown in fig. 10.
Through a function fitting relation of r ═ r (d), the variation coefficient r of any two component infinitesimals can be calculated and substituted into the formula (8) to obtain:
wherein r isklDenotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckWith the first known constituent infinitesimal clFunction of variation of wave velocity in each direction, λkDenotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckAnd unknown wave velocity infinitesimal c0Phi denotes the Lagrange multiplier, rk0Denotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckAnd unknown wave velocity infinitesimal c0Variation of wave velocity in all directionsA hetero function, k ═ 1,2,. and n; 1,2, n.
Wave velocity variation function rklAnd rk0Is calculated by the formula
Wherein E [. C]Representing a mathematical expectation, v (c)k),v(cl) Respectively represent the k-th known composition infinitesimal ckWith the first known constituent infinitesimal clV (c) is the value of the test wave velocity0) Representing the infinitesimal c of unknown wave velocity0Theoretical measured value of (a).
Order to
Formula (9) can be rewritten as AX ═ B by X ═ a-1B can find lambdakSubstituting the formula (1) to calculate the unknown infinitesimal c0Wave velocity estimation value v of*(c0)。
And S5, obtaining a rock fracture damage imaging graph according to wave velocity inversion of all the microelements in the rock, and completing monitoring of rock fracture.
In the process of sound wave propagation, wave attenuation is different due to different damage degrees in rocks, and when defects such as cracks occur, the wave speed on a straight path is reduced. And sequentially transmitting and receiving through multiple channels of the acoustic emission system to form an ultrasonic ray wave velocity field, and then inverting to obtain the damage condition in the rock.
The effect of the rock fracture acoustic emission and damage imaging integrated monitoring method provided by the invention is explained in detail by a specific experimental example.
When the rock test piece shown in fig. 2 is loaded, acoustic emission generated by rock fracture may interfere with active signals emitted by detection in the rock loading fracture process, so that the final damage detection effect is influenced. Therefore, when damage detection is performed in the loading process, pressure holding is required to reduce the generation of acoustic emission signals, and the precision of damage detection imaging is ensured, as shown in fig. 11.
Fig. 12 is a diagram showing a result of three-dimensional imaging immediately before the rock failure and instability, fig. 13 is a diagram showing a final fracture state of the rock, and it can be seen by comparing fig. 12 with fig. 13 that the three-dimensional imaging can better reflect damage conditions in the rock.
FIG. 14 is a diagram of acoustic emission monitoring and three-dimensional imaging effects in a rock fracturing process, and the result shows that the method can effectively and synchronously monitor acoustic emission and damage imaging and has good correspondence.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A rock fracture acoustic emission and damage imaging integrated monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, arranging an acoustic emission system around the rock to be monitored;
s2, constructing a three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock;
s3, in an acoustic emission AST mode, sequentially emitting and receiving acoustic waves through an acoustic emission monitoring sensor of each channel in an acoustic emission system, and testing to obtain the wave velocity of each infinitesimal in the three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock;
s4, according to the wave velocity of each infinitesimal in the rock three-dimensional discrete velocity field model, calculating by combining the anisotropic wave velocity variation function of the rock to obtain the wave velocity of unknown wave velocity infinitesimal in the rock;
s5, obtaining a rock fracture damage imaging graph according to wave velocity inversion of all micro-elements in the rock, and completing monitoring of rock fracture;
the three-dimensional discrete velocity field model of the rock in the step S2 is:
V＝{v(ck)|k＝1,2,...,n}
wherein V represents the three-dimensional discrete velocity field of the rock, V (c)k) K-th group representing sound waves in rockForming infinitesimal ckThe propagation velocity inside, n represents the total number of the composition infinitesimal of the rock;
in step S4, the wave velocity calculation formula of the unknown wave velocity infinitesimal inside the rock is:
wherein v is*(c0) Representing the infinitesimal c of unknown wave velocity0Wave velocity estimate of, λkDenotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckAnd unknown wave velocity infinitesimal c0Correlation coefficient of (c), v (c)k) Denotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckThe test wave velocity value of (1);
the correlation coefficient lambdakThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein r isklDenotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckWith the first known constituent infinitesimal clFunction of variation of wave velocity in each direction, λkDenotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckAnd unknown wave velocity infinitesimal c0Phi denotes the Lagrange multiplier, rk0Denotes the kth known constituent infinitesimal ckAnd unknown wave velocity infinitesimal c0A wave velocity variation function in each direction, k being 1,2,.., n; 1,2, n.
2. The method for monitoring rock fracture acoustic emission and damage imaging integration of claim 1, wherein the acoustic emission system in step S1 is composed of a matrix of correlation type acoustic emission monitoring sensors.
3. The method for monitoring acoustic emission of rock fracture and damage imaging in an integrated manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wave velocity variation function rklAnd rk0The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein E [. C]Representing a mathematical expectation, v (c)k),v(cl) Respectively represent the k-th known composition infinitesimal ckWith the first known constituent infinitesimal clV (c) is the value of the test wave velocity0) Representing the infinitesimal c of unknown wave velocity0The theoretical measured value of the wave velocity of (2).
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