CN109612537B - Nondestructive identification device and nondestructive identification method for pearl type and thickness of pearl layer - Google Patents
Nondestructive identification device and nondestructive identification method for pearl type and thickness of pearl layer Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a nondestructive identification device and a nondestructive identification method for pearl type and thickness of a pearl layer. According to the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected, the method converts the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum into an ID code serving as a unique identification code of the pearl. A pearl identification database is established which comprises the physical characteristics of each pearl, the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum, the ID code, the ratio (V/g) of the voltage value of a specific frequency point and the weight thereof, and the like. And identifying the type of the pearl according to the voltage value of the specific frequency point on the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected and calculating the thickness of the pearl layer. The device is easy to manufacture and use; the identification is quick and accurate, and the simulated pearl, the south pearl and the like can be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pearl identification, in particular to a nondestructive identification device and a nondestructive identification method for pearl type and thickness of a pearl layer.
Background
Biological-cause pearls are praised by the world as "precious stone queen". South China beads are more famous and precious products which are preferred by people in jewelry and consumers in the world. Pearl farming is now throughout Europe and America of Asia. The major asian countries from which natural seawater pearls are produced are china, illiang, sauter, spear, maine and philippines, and the americas are mainly venezuela, mexico, panama, etc., and also australia. Countries or regions from which natural freshwater pearls are produced include European Scotland, venetian, ireland, french, germany, russian, etc. Natural freshwater pearls are produced in the U.S. Missiubi river basin, the North Iran river region, the Heilongjiang river, the Huaihe river of China, the Qingjiang river at the middle and downstream of the Yangtze river, han river th area and the Taihu area.
For a long time, consumers cannot identify seawater pearls and freshwater pearls, and some bad merchants often sell and benefit the cheap freshwater pearls serving as the seawater pearls with high price. In recent years, a large number of seawater pearl products and freshwater pearl products which are subjected to dyeing treatment appear on the market, and natural colored pearls and artificially dyed pearls are difficult to distinguish from each other in terms of appearance characteristics.
But clearly separate from the cross-sectional view of the pearl. The color of the pearl layer of the natural colored seawater pearl section can be divided into two types, wherein one type is that the color of the pearl layer is uniformly distributed, and the other type is that the color of the pearl layer has a concentric annular structure, and the color depth of each layer is different. The color of the artificially dyed seawater pearl is concentrated on the outer layer from the section, and gradually becomes lighter from outside to inside, which is obviously different from the color distribution characteristics of the natural color seawater pearl. These features of the pearl profile may be used as a basis for identification, but such identification requires destruction of the sample. In addition, the existing pearl dyeing technology of each manufacturer has high confidentiality, the type of the dye used is difficult to be defined, and the identification of the artificially dyed seawater pearls is uncertain.
When foreign matter enters the mantle of the pearl mussel, the secretion is coated with the foreign matter layer by layer, and the pearl is formed for a long time.
Plastic simulated pearls appear on the market due to the rarity and the rare price of pearls. And the simulation technology is improved continuously, and is difficult to distinguish from the true pearl.
When the pearl is artificially cultured, artificial nucleus insertion is carried out, namely, foreign matters are manually inserted into the pearl mussel for culturing, and then the pearl is taken out by the clam. In order to obtain the large beads as soon as possible, some artificial nuclei are large, and the large beads can be obtained only by coating the nuclei with a thin bead layer. The pearl surface is identified as a pearl layer, and the thickness of the pearl layer is difficult to measure without splitting.
The existing X-ray and near-infrared pearl layer thickness detector can only detect the thickness of the pearl layer with insufficient tight combination of the pearl layer and the pearl core. But X-ray and near infrared techniques are not capable of identifying the thickness of the bead layer and other physical characteristics of the pearl where those beads are tightly bound to the nucleus. And are also undetectable for beads that are too large (greater than 11.5mm in diameter) or too large (less than 5.5mm in diameter).
Those skilled in the art have focused on the characterization of the electromagnetic spectrum of different types of pearls and have desired a better method of non-destructive identification of pearls therefrom.
The study found that the pearl had its own unique tissue structure as our eyes. The texture of the iris of the human eye is unique to each person and is not repeated. Similarly, the tissue structure of different pearls has the characteristics of uniqueness, impersonation, convenience in recognition and the like. The pearl layer is mainly formed by polymerizing calcium carbonate doped with trace metal elements and organic matters, the basic particles of the matters are quark and electrons which are arranged into a regular array, and different pearl layers have different organization arrays. Each electron or each quark in the array has its own independent string, and the quarks and the electron strings of different arrays deform under the action of external force. When the external force is fluctuating, the quark and the electronic string will shake with it, and the energy required for string shake will vary. If the vibration law of the inner quark and the electronic string of the pearls of different types and the required energy can be detected, the pearls of different types can be distinguished according to the vibration law and the required energy, and the characteristic information such as the thickness of the pearl layer can be obtained. However, no report has been made on the method or apparatus for detecting such pearls.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a nondestructive identification device for pearl types and thickness of pearl layers, which comprises a signal source, a cup-shaped excitation inductor, an electromagnetic wave sensor, a data acquisition card and a control center, wherein the control center is connected with the signal source and used for controlling scanning step length and scanning frequency of the signal source, an electric signal of the signal source is connected with the cup-shaped excitation inductor to generate a high-frequency electromagnetic field, a pearl to be detected is arranged in the cup-shaped excitation inductor, the electromagnetic wave sensor attached to the cup-shaped excitation inductor receives a voltage signal of the electromagnetic energy absorbed by the pearl and sends the voltage signal to the data acquisition card, the output of the data acquisition card is connected with the control center, and the control center processes the obtained signal to obtain the voltage-frequency relation of the electromagnetic energy absorbed by the pearl to be detected and converts the voltage-frequency relation into a corresponding map.
The invention further aims to design a nondestructive identification method for the pearl type and the thickness of the pearl layer, after the nondestructive identification device for the pearl type and the thickness of the pearl layer is powered on, parameters such as scanning step length, scanning frequency and the like are set in a control center, the pearl to be detected is placed in a cup-shaped excitation inductor, a signal source starts to send electric signals with different frequencies into the cup-shaped excitation inductor according to the set parameters, voltage signals of electromagnetic energy absorbed by movement of a pearl quark and an electronic string received by an electromagnetic wave sensor are sent into the control center through a data acquisition card, a map of the relation between the electromagnetic energy absorbed by the pearl to be detected and the frequency is obtained and converted into an ID code, and the ID code is used as a unique identity identification code of the pearl. A pearl identification database is established which comprises the physical characteristics of each pearl, the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum, the ID code, the ratio (V/g) of the voltage value of a specific frequency point and the weight thereof, and the like. And identifying the type of the pearl according to the voltage value of the specific frequency point on the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected and calculating the thickness of the pearl layer.
The invention relates to a nondestructive identification device for pearl type and thickness of a pearl layer, which comprises a shell, a signal source, a cup-shaped excitation inductor, an electromagnetic wave sensor, a data acquisition card and a control center, wherein the signal source is a sine wave electric signal source which is connected with the cup-shaped excitation inductor to supply power. The signal source is connected with the control center, and the control center controls the signal frequency of the signal source. The hollow cylinder inductive reactance is used as the cup wall, the round inductive reactance is used as the cup bottom, the hollow cylinder inductive reactance and the round inductive reactance are connected to form a cup-shaped excitation inductive reactance device, and the pearl to be measured is placed in the cup. The electromagnetic wave sensor is a disc-shaped coil, the diameter of which is larger than the inner diameter of the cup bottom of the cup-shaped excitation inductor and is equal to or smaller than the outer diameter of the cup bottom, and the electromagnetic wave sensor is tightly attached to the cup bottom. The output of the electromagnetic wave sensor is connected into the control center through the data acquisition card. The cup-shaped excitation inductor and the electromagnetic wave sensor are fixed into a whole, the input terminal and the output terminal are both provided with a hard outer tube, the inner ends of the input terminal and the output terminal penetrate through the shell, the input end of the cup-shaped excitation inductor is connected with the input terminal, the inner end of the outer tube of the input terminal is fixed on the outer wall of the cup-shaped excitation inductor, the output end of the electromagnetic wave sensor is connected with the output terminal, the inner end of the outer tube of the output terminal is fixed on the outer wall of the electromagnetic wave sensor, the outer tubes of the input terminal and the output terminal are fixed on the shell, the cup-shaped excitation inductor and the electromagnetic wave sensor are supported to be suspended in the shell, a gap of 10-20 mm is reserved between the cup-shaped excitation inductor and the inner wall of the electromagnetic wave sensor, and the input terminal and the output terminal are insulated from the shell. The shell is a ferromagnetic shell for shielding a magnetic field.
The signal source is a sine wave electric signal source with the signal frequency of 0.2 MHz-25.5 GHz.
The signal source comprises an electromagnetic wave spectrum scanning circuit, and electric signals with different frequencies are sequentially sent out according to a scanning step length and a scanning frequency according to a command of a control center.
The output of the signal source is connected to the cup-shaped excitation inductor through the power amplifier.
The maximum diameter of the inner cavity of the cup-shaped excitation inductor cup is 12-18 mm, and the maximum depth is 12-18 mm.
The electromagnetic wave sensor is a disc coil with 6-12 turns of enameled wires with the wire diameter of 0.5-1.0 mm, and the winding coefficient (the tightening coefficient between the coil turns) is higher than 0.97.
The control center comprises a signal source frequency adjusting module and a data processing module, and is also connected with a display screen and an input facility. The signal source frequency adjusting module is connected with the signal source to control and adjust the output signal frequency of the signal source; the data processing module is connected with the data acquisition card and receives electromagnetic energy values absorbed by the pearl to be detected at different frequency points in the high-frequency electromagnetic field, which are obtained by the electromagnetic wave sensor.
The working principle of the device is that electric signals with different frequencies of signal sources are sent into the cup-shaped excitation inductor to generate high-frequency electromagnetic fields. The pearl to be measured placed in the cup-shaped excitation inductor cup is in a high-frequency electromagnetic field, and the quark and the electronic string in the pearl fluctuate under the action of electromagnetic force and absorb energy. When the frequency of the signal source changes to be close to the quark and the jitter frequency of the electronic string in the pearl, the electromagnetic energy absorbed by the pearl from the high-frequency electromagnetic field gradually and monotonically decreases; when the frequency of the signal source is continuously changed to be the same as the vibration frequency of the pearl quark string, resonance is generated, and the electromagnetic energy absorbed by the pearl is reduced to zero. When the frequency of the signal source continues to increase and is larger than the vibration frequency of the pearl quark and the electronic string, the energy absorbed by the pearl by the high-frequency electromagnetic field monotonically increases from zero, namely the electromagnetic energy absorbed by the pearl shows a V-shaped curve, the electromagnetic energy absorbed by the pearl and the output frequency of the signal source are in a functional relation, and the obtained curve is called a pearl absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum. Different pearls and electronic strings have different jitter frequencies, different electromagnetic energy amplitudes are absorbed under different frequencies of the high-frequency electromagnetic field, and different voltages are generated in the electromagnetic sensor, namely different electromagnetic energy absorption patterns obtained by different pearls are different. The data acquisition card of the device carries out analog-to-digital conversion on the energy voltage value absorbed by the pearl to be detected, then calculates the ID code of the pearl to be detected by combining the electric signal power sent by the signal source and the electromagnetic power received by the electromagnetic sensor, wherein the ID code is the unique identification code of the pearl, namely 'one pearl one code'.
The invention relates to a nondestructive identification method for pearl type and thickness of a pearl layer, which uses the nondestructive identification device for pearl type and thickness of the pearl layer, and comprises the following steps:
Step I, setting
Turning on a power switch, popping up a parameter setting dialog box on a display of a control center, and setting a scanning frequency range, a scanning step length, a scanning time and a data storage type of a signal source;
The nondestructive identification device for the pearl type and the thickness of the pearl layer has the scanning frequency of 2.0 GHz-4.3 GHz, the scanning step length of 0.1 MHz-50 MHz and the scanning time when the pearl is identified, namely the duration time of each scanning frequency point is 2 ms-5 ms.
Step II, test
The measured pearl is placed in the cup-shaped excitation inductor, a start key is pressed, a signal source sends out electric signals with different frequencies according to a scanning step length, a scanning frequency and a scanning time according to a control center instruction, and a data acquisition card automatically completes data sampling of an electromagnetic wave sensor once every time the signal source outputs a frequency signal until the signal source completes scanning of all set frequency points;
Step III, display
After the scanning is finished, the control center displays the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the measured pearl on a display thereof, namely, each frequency point and the corresponding electromagnetic wave sensor are used for generating a voltage value by electromagnetic energy absorbed by the measured pearl, and the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the measured pearl is obtained by taking the abscissa as the frequency value, the unit as MHz, the ordinate as the voltage and the unit as V.
When the scanning frequency is 2000 MHz-4300 MHz and the step length is 0.1MHz, the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected is obtained by the voltage values corresponding to 23000 frequency points.
Step IV, pearl identification database
The pearl identification database mainly comprises the physical characteristics of appearance, electromagnetic absorption energy spectrum, ID code and V/g of each pearl.
IV-1, physical characteristics
Including the type, origin, weight, diameter and color of the pearl.
The type refers to natural fresh water pearl, artificial cultured fresh water pearl, natural seawater pearl, artificial cultured seawater pearl and simulated pearl, wherein the simulated pearl comprises synthetic simulated pearl of plastic or other chemical materials, synthetic simulated pearl of pearl powder, stone pearl or stone powder.
The production place mainly refers to north sea, jiangxi, hubei, hunan and Japanese (east pearl), southeast Asia (south ocean) and the like in China;
The weight is obtained by a balance, and the unit is gram;
the diameter is measured by a micrometer and is measured in millimeters; for the pearls other than right spheres, such as ellipsoidal pearls, the maximum diameter is measured;
IV-2, electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of pearl
And (3) detecting multiple types of known pearls according to the steps I-III, and respectively obtaining the electromagnetic energy absorption spectra of different pearls.
IV-3, ID code
Each pearl has a unique identity code ID, and the ID calculation formula is as follows:
In the middle of Is the arithmetic average value of the voltages of all frequency points of the frequency range of 2000MHz to 4300MHz in the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum obtained by the pearl in the step IV-2;
For the power average value of the electric signals emitted by the signal source in the frequency range of 2000 MHz-4300 MHz, the computer automatically calculates according to the voltage and the current of the electric signals emitted by the signal source;
The average value of the electromagnetic wave power received by the cup-shaped excitation inductor for the electromagnetic wave sensor with the frequency range of 2000 MHz-4300 MHz is automatically calculated by a computer according to the electromagnetic wave voltage and current received by the cup-shaped excitation inductor;
The ID value takes a 12-bit number.
Ⅳ-4、V/g
The voltage value V is in volts, and the weight value g is in grams, which is the ratio of the voltage value obtained by the electromagnetic wave sensor of the pearl to be detected at the specific frequency 3255MHz to the weight value of the pearl.
Step V, recognition
According to the data of the pearl identification database in the step IV, the invention summarizes the identification indexes of the simulated pearl, partial freshwater pearl and seawater pearl, the steps I-III are carried out on the pearl to be detected, the scanning step length and the scanning time are the same as those of the step I, the data of the electromagnetic absorption spectrum, the V/g value of a specific frequency point and the ID code of the pearl to be detected are obtained, and the summarized data of different types of pearls are identified, or the thickness of the pearl layer is calculated, or the detailed information of the pearl is inquired from the database.
V-1, pearl type identification
V-11, identification of four types of pearls and simulated pearls
Class 1 Japanese or Zhanjiang natural color seawater pearl
Index 1 ①, V/g= 2.130-3.050 of the pearl to be detected;
index 1 ②, voltage value=1.850-1.650V corresponding to frequency 3067MHz of the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected;
Index 1 ③, the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected is corresponding to the frequency 3255MHz voltage value=1.255-1.230V.
Class 2 Nanyang seawater pearl
Index 2 ①, V/g=0.380-0.450 of the pearl to be detected;
index 2 ②, voltage value=2.140-2.070V corresponding to frequency 3067MHz of the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected;
index 2 ③, voltage value= 2.215-2.010V corresponding to the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearl to be detected at frequency 3255 MHz.
Class 3 Hubei, zhejiang and Jiangsu natural-color freshwater pearls
Index 3 ①, V/g=2.051-2.287 of the pearl to be detected;
Index 3 ②, voltage value=1.790-1.740V corresponding to the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearl to be detected at frequency 3067 MHz;
Index 3 ③, the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected is corresponding to the frequency 3255MHz voltage value=1.240-1.230V.
Class 4 Jiangxi, hunan Zhejiang, jiangsu natural-color freshwater pearls
Index 4 ①, V/g=1.090-1.610 of pearl to be measured;
index 4 ②, voltage value=1.990-1.900V corresponding to the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearl to be detected at frequency 3067 MHz;
index 4 ③, the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected is corresponding to the frequency 3255MHz voltage value=1.350-1.330V.
Class 5 plastic or other chemical synthetic material simulated pearl
Index 5 ①, V/g= 2.690-2.830 of the pearl to be detected;
Index 5 ②, voltage value=1.550-1.500V corresponding to frequency 3067MHz of the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected;
Index 5 ③, voltage value=1.330-1.290V corresponding to the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearl to be detected at frequency 3255 MHz.
Class 6 pearl powder synthesized simulated pearl
Index 6 ①, V/g= 1.076-1.733 of the pearl to be detected;
Index 6 ②, voltage value= 2.073-1.947v corresponding to frequency 3067MHz of the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected;
Index 6 ③, the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected is corresponding to the frequency 3255MHz voltage value=1.558-1.330V.
Class 7 stone beads
Index 7 ①, V/g=3.327-2.691 of the pearl to be measured;
Index 7 ②, voltage value=1.728-1.797V corresponding to frequency 3067MHz of the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected;
index 7 ③, the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected is corresponding to the frequency 3255MHz voltage value=1.334-1.226V.
Table 1 identification index table of simulated pearl and fresh water pearl and seawater pearl
And (3) detecting the pearls to be detected in the steps I-III, wherein the scanning step length and the scanning time are the same as those of the step I, an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearls to be detected is obtained, the V/g value of the spectrum frequency 3255MHz is calculated, the V/g value and the voltage value of a specific frequency point are compared with the indexes of the pearls of various types, and when the V/g value and the voltage value of the specific frequency point are consistent with at least two indexes of three indexes of a pearl of a certain type, the pearl can be judged as the pearl of the type. If two indexes of any type of pearl cannot be met, the pearl is other types of pearls except 7 types.
V-12, identification of North sea water droplets
The natural seawater pearl or artificial cultured seawater pearl (conventionally called south pearl) produced in North Guangxi sea has a fine texture, and the V/g value at the spectrum frequency of 3255MHz is obviously higher than that of other pearls. As shown in table 2.
Table 2V/g value list of North sea Water droplets and other seawater pearls and fresh water pearls from other producing areas
| Sequence number | Production area | Type(s) | V/g ratio at F3255 |
| 1 | North sea | Natural color natural sea water bead | 7.990～24.850 |
| 2 | North sea | Natural color artificial breeding sea water bead | 5.370～7.990 |
| 3 | North sea | Dyeing artificial breeding sea water bead | 2.339～3.147 |
| 4 | Zhanjiang region of Guangdong | Artificial breeding sea water bead | 1.610～3.053 |
| 5 | Japanese (Japan) | Natural color artificial breeding sea water bead | 2.644～3.056 |
| 6 | Nanyang toy | Artificial breeding sea water bead | 0.384～0.449 |
| 7 | Anhui | Natural or artificial cultured fresh water pearl | 1.866～3.421 |
| 8 | Jiangxi | Natural or artificial cultured fresh water pearl | 1.095～2.702 |
| 9 | Jiangsu | Natural or artificial cultured fresh water pearl | 1.477～1.966 |
| 10 | Hubei | Natural or artificial cultured fresh water pearl | 2.287～2.695 |
| 11 | Hunan province | Natural or artificial cultured fresh water pearl | 1.558～1.689 |
| 12 | Zhejiang river | Natural or artificial cultured fresh water pearl | 1.414～2.205 |
As can be seen from Table 2 above, the natural seawater pearls or artificially cultured seawater pearls produced in North sea have V/g values higher than 5.3 at 3255MHz, while other pearls have values lower than 3.5. Therefore, the pearls to be detected are detected in the steps I to III, the scanning step length and the scanning time are the same as those in the step I, an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearls to be detected is obtained, the V/g value of the spectrum frequency 3255MHz is calculated, the V/g value of the spectrum frequency 3255MHz of the pearls to be detected is higher than 7.990, and the pearls to be detected are natural seawater pearls produced in North China sea; the V/g value of the pearl to be detected at the spectrum frequency of 3255MHz is higher than 5.370, and the pearl is judged to be the natural artificial cultured seawater pearl produced in North sea.
V-2 and method for judging thickness of bead layer
Detecting the pearls to be detected in the steps I to III, wherein the scanning step length and the scanning time are the same as those of the step I, an absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearls to be detected is obtained, a voltage value of a frequency point 3500MHz (F3500 in the table) is found in the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearls to be detected, and the thickness delta of the pearl layer is calculated according to the following formula:
Δ＝a×(x-2.177)
Wherein x is the voltage value of 3500MHz in the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected, a is the proportional coefficient a=2.093 mm/V of the thickness of the calculated pearl layer, and a is the voltage value of 3500MHz in the empty spectrum obtained by the electromagnetic wave sensor when no sample to be detected exists in the cup-shaped excitation inductor.
V-3, pearl ID code
And (3) detecting the pearls to be detected in the steps I-III, wherein the scanning step length and the scanning time are the same as those of the step I, an electromagnetic absorption energy spectrum of the pearls to be detected is obtained, the ID code of each pearl is obtained according to the step IV-3, and each pearl has the unique ID code and is stored in a pearl identification database before entering the market so as to prepare the anti-counterfeiting and tracing of the pearls in circulation in the future. The ID code of the pearl can be used for anti-counterfeiting of the commodity or tracing the source to know the place of origin and related quality information of the pearl.
If the ID code of the pearl to be detected fails to inquire the matched ID in the pearl identification database, the pearl ID code and other information are stored in the pearl identification database together for later inquiry.
Compared with the prior art, the nondestructive identification device and the nondestructive identification method for the pearl type and the thickness of the pearl layer have the advantages that: 1. the device is easy to manufacture and use; 2. the pearl is placed in a high-frequency electromagnetic field, the electromagnetic frequency and the absorption dynamic energy value of the same-frequency resonance with the quark and the electronic string are measured, the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearl can be obtained, and the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum is used as the basis of pearl identification, so that the nondestructive identification of the pearl is realized; 3. the pearl absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum can obtain an ID code of 'one pearl one code', the detection is accurate, the pearl 'one pearl one code' identification and nondestructive detection can be satisfied, and the after-sale detection can also be satisfied; 4. the invention not only can detect the thickness of the pearl layer of the pearl without damage, but also can reliably detect the thickness of the pearl layer of the special pearl which cannot be detected by the X-ray pearl layer detection tester and the near infrared detector; 5. the simulated pearl can be detected in a nondestructive way, and the China north sea seawater pearl (the traditional commonly-called south pearl) can be identified from the seawater pearl and the freshwater pearl produced in various places; 6. the pearl identification process does not need special treatment, the identification speed is high, only 30 seconds is needed, the identification is accurate, and the practicability is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram of an embodiment of a non-destructive identification apparatus of the present pearl type and thickness of the pearl layer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the outer shell of the embodiment of the nondestructive identification device of the pearl type and the thickness of the pearl layer and the cup-shaped excitation inductance and electromagnetic wave sensor in the outer shell;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of a pearl type and thickness nondestructive identification method of the present pearl layer of test piece 1 of the seawater pearl artificially cultured in North sea;
FIG. 5 is an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of a test piece 2 of a seawater pearl for artificial cultivation in the south ocean, according to an embodiment of the method for nondestructively identifying the type of pearl and the thickness of the pearl layer;
FIG. 6 is an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of a test piece 3 Hubei artificially cultured freshwater pearl of an embodiment of a nondestructive identification method of the type of the pearl and the thickness of the pearl layer;
FIG. 7 is an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of a synthetic plastic simulated pearl of test piece 4 according to an embodiment of the nondestructive identification method of identity and thickness of the pearl layer;
FIG. 8 is an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of a test piece 5 Japanese artificial culture seawater pearl of an embodiment of the nondestructive identification method of the identity and thickness of the pearl layer of the present pearl;
FIG. 9 is an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of a test piece 6 North sea natural seawater pearl of an embodiment of the nondestructive identification method of pearl identity and thickness of the pearl layer;
FIG. 10 is an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of a sample 7 North sea-nutritional dish artificially cultured seawater pearl of an embodiment of the nondestructive identification method of the identity and thickness of the pearl layer;
FIG. 11 is an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of a sample 8 Zhanjiang artificial seawater pearl for cantonese cultivation, which is an example of a nondestructive identification method of identity and thickness of a pearl layer of the pearl;
FIG. 12 is an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of a simulated pearl synthesized from pearl powder of test piece 9 according to an embodiment of the method for non-destructive identification of pearl identity and thickness of the pearl layer;
FIG. 13 is an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of Hunan natural freshwater pearl.
The reference numerals in the figures are: 1. the device comprises a shell, 2, a cup-shaped excitation inductance resistor, 3, an input terminal, 4, an electromagnetic wave sensor, 5, an output terminal, 6 and a tested pearl.
Detailed Description
Non-destructive identification device embodiment of pearl type and thickness of pearl layer
The embodiment of the nondestructive identification device for the pearl type and the thickness of the pearl layer is shown in figures 1 to 3, and comprises a shell 1, a signal source, an electromagnetic wave power amplifier, a cup-shaped excitation inductor 2, an electromagnetic wave sensor 4, a data acquisition card and a control center, wherein the signal source is a sine wave electric signal source, and is connected with the cup-shaped excitation inductor 2 through the power amplifier to supply power. The signal source is connected with the control center, and the control center controls the signal frequency of the signal source. The hollow cylinder inductive reactance is used as the cup wall, the round inductive reactance is used as the cup bottom, the hollow cylinder inductive reactance and the round inductive reactance are connected to form the cup-shaped excitation inductive reactance 2, and the pearl 6 to be measured is placed in the cup. The electromagnetic wave sensor 4 is a disc-shaped coil, the diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the cup bottom of the cup-shaped excitation inductor 2, and is tightly attached to the cup bottom. The output of the electromagnetic wave sensor 2 is connected into the control center through a data acquisition card. The cup-shaped excitation inductor 4 and the electromagnetic wave sensor 4 are fixed into a whole, the input terminal 3 and the output terminal 5 are both provided with hard outer tubes, the inner ends of the outer tubes penetrate through the shell 1, the input end of the cup-shaped excitation inductor 1 is connected with the input terminal 3, the inner ends of the outer tubes of the input terminal 3 are fixed on the outer wall of the cup-shaped excitation inductor 2, the output end of the electromagnetic wave sensor 4 is connected with the output terminal 5, the inner ends of the outer tubes of the output terminal 5 are fixed on the outer wall of the electromagnetic wave sensor 4, the outer tubes of the input terminal 3 and the output terminal 5 are fixed on the shell 1, the cup-shaped excitation inductor 2 and the electromagnetic wave sensor 4 are supported to be suspended in the shell 1, a gap of 15mm is reserved between the cup-shaped excitation inductor 2 and the inner walls of the electromagnetic wave sensor 4 and the shell 1, and the input terminal 3 and the output terminal 5 are insulated from the shell 1. The housing 1 of this example is a ferromagnetic housing that shields a magnetic field.
The signal source is a sine wave electric signal source with the signal frequency of 2.0 GHz-10.5 GHz.
The signal source comprises an electromagnetic wave spectrum scanning circuit, and sequentially sends out electric signals with different frequencies according to scanning step length and scanning frequency according to instructions of a control center.
The maximum diameter of the inner cavity of the cup-shaped excitation inductor cup is 16mm, and the maximum depth is 16mm.
The electromagnetic wave sensor is a 12-turn disc coil wound by enamelled wire with the wire diameter of 0.5-1.0 mm, and the winding coefficient is higher than 0.97.
The control center of the embodiment comprises a signal source frequency adjusting module and a data processing module, and is also connected with a display screen and an input facility. The signal source frequency adjusting module is connected with the signal source to control and adjust the output signal frequency of the signal source; the data processing module is connected with the data acquisition card and receives electromagnetic energy absorbed by the obtained pearl to be detected in different frequency points in the high-frequency electromagnetic field of the electromagnetic wave sensor.
Examples of methods for non-destructive identification of pearl type and thickness of pearl layer
The embodiment of the nondestructive identification method for the pearl type and the thickness of the pearl layer comprises the following steps of:
Step I, setting
Turning on a power switch, popping up a parameter setting dialog box on a display of a control center, and setting a scanning frequency range, a scanning step length, a scanning time and a data storage type of a signal source;
the scanning frequency set by the nondestructive identification device for the pearl type and the thickness of the pearl layer during the pearl identification is 2000 MHz-4300 MHz, the scanning step length of the device is 0.1MHz, and the scanning time, namely the duration time at each scanning frequency point is 5ms.
Step II, test
The measured pearl is placed in the cup-shaped excitation inductor, a start key is pressed, a signal source sends out electric signals with different frequencies according to a scanning step length, a scanning frequency and a scanning time according to a control center instruction, and a data acquisition card automatically completes data sampling of an electromagnetic wave sensor once every time the signal source outputs a frequency signal until the signal source completes scanning of all set frequency points;
Step III, display
After the scanning is finished, the data processing and controlling device displays the voltage values generated by the electromagnetic energy absorbed by the pearl to be detected by each frequency point of the pearl to be detected and the corresponding electromagnetic wave sensor on the display, and the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected is obtained by taking the abscissa as the frequency value, the unit as MHz, the ordinate as the voltage and the unit as V. The voltage value generated by the electromagnetic wave sensor of each frequency point obtained in the step II testing process corresponding to one tested pearl is 23000 groups.
Step IV, pearl identification database
The pearl identification database mainly comprises the physical characteristics of appearance, electromagnetic absorption energy spectrum, ID code and V/g of each pearl. The example detects known natural fresh water pearl, artificial cultured seawater pearl, natural seawater pearl and simulated pearl, wherein the simulated pearl comprises synthetic simulated pearl of plastic or other chemical materials, synthetic simulated pearl of pearl powder, synthetic simulated pearl of stone or stone powder. At least 10 pearls of each type are detected, the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl layers of the pearls of different types is obtained, a pearl identification spectrum database is established, and the simulated pearls comprise synthetic simulated pearls of plastics or other chemical materials, synthetic simulated pearls of pearl powder, stone pearls or synthetic simulated pearls of stone powder.
IV-1, physical appearance characteristics
Including type, origin, weight, diameter of the pearl.
The type is natural coreless fresh water pearl, artificial cultured fresh water pearl, natural seawater pearl, artificial cultured seawater pearl and simulated pearl;
The production place mainly refers to areas such as North China sea, zhejiang, jiangsu, jiangxi, hubei, hunan and Japan (east pearl), southeast Asia (south ocean pearl) and the like;
The weight is obtained by a balance, and the unit is gram;
the diameter is measured by a micrometer and is measured in millimeters; for the pearls other than right spheres, such as ellipsoidal pearls, the maximum diameter is measured;
IV-2, electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of pearl
And (3) detecting multiple types of known pearls according to the steps I-III, and respectively obtaining the electromagnetic energy absorption spectra of different pearls.
IV-3, ID code
Each pearl has a unique identity code ID, and the ID calculation formula is as follows:
In the middle of Is the arithmetic average value of the voltages of all frequency points of the frequency range of 2000MHz to 4300MHz in the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum obtained by the pearl in the step IV-2;
For the power average value of the electric signals emitted by the signal source in the frequency range of 2000 MHz-4300 MHz, the computer automatically calculates according to the voltage and the current of the electric signals emitted by the signal source;
The average value of the electromagnetic wave power received by the cup-shaped excitation inductor for the electromagnetic wave sensor with the frequency range of 2000 MHz-4300 MHz is automatically calculated by a computer according to the electromagnetic wave voltage and current received by the cup-shaped excitation inductor;
The ID value takes a 12-bit number.
Ⅳ-4、V/g
The voltage value V is in volts, and the weight value g is in grams, which is the ratio of the voltage value obtained by the electromagnetic wave sensor of the pearl to be detected at the specific frequency 3255MHz to the weight value of the pearl.
Step V, recognition
According to the data of the pearl identification database in the step IV, the invention summarizes the identification indexes of the simulated pearl, partial freshwater pearl and seawater pearl, the pearls to be detected are detected in the steps I-III, the scanning step length and the scanning time are the same as those in the step I, and the scanning step length is 0.1MHz and the scanning time is 5ms. And obtaining the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected, the V/g value of a specific frequency point and the data of the ID code, and identifying the pearl with different summarized types, or calculating the thickness of the pearl layer, or inquiring the detailed information of the pearl from a database.
V-11, identification of four types of pearls and simulated pearls
The pearl identification database obtained in the step IV is summarized to obtain the identification index table of the fresh water pearl, the seawater pearl and the simulated pearl in the table 1.
Column 2 index ① is V/g in step IV-4 above;
column 3 index ② is the voltage value in volts obtained by the electromagnetic wave sensor of the electromagnetic wave absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected in the IV-2 at the frequency 3067 MHz;
Column 4 index ③ is the voltage value of V obtained by the electromagnetic wave sensor of the electromagnetic wave absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected in the IV-2 at the frequency of 3255 MHz;
Column 5 illustrates the pearl type of this row.
TABLE 1 identification index table of fresh water pearl, seawater pearl and simulated pearl
And (3) detecting the pearls to be detected in the steps I-III, wherein the scanning step length and the scanning time are the same as those of the step I, so as to obtain an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearls to be detected, comparing the voltage value of a specific frequency point with the indexes of various pearls in the table 1, and judging the pearls to be the pearls when the voltage value is consistent with at least two indexes of three indexes of the pearls. If two indexes of any pearl in the table 1 cannot be met, the pearl is other pearl except 7 types.
V-12, identification of North sea water droplets
I-III detection is carried out on the pearl to be detected, the scanning step length is 0.1MHz, the scanning time is 5ms, an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected is obtained, the V/g value of the spectrum frequency 3255MHz is calculated, the V/g value of the spectrum frequency 3255MHz of the pearl to be detected is higher than 7.990, and the pearl to be detected is judged to be natural seawater pearl in North China sea; the V/g value of the pearl to be detected at the spectrum frequency of 3255MHz is higher than 5.370, and the pearl is judged to be the natural seawater pearl produced in North China sea.
V-2 and method for judging thickness of bead layer
Finding out a voltage value of a frequency point 3500MHz (F3500 in the table) in an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected, and calculating the thickness delta of the pearl layer according to the following formula:
Δ＝a×(x-2.177)
Wherein x is the voltage value of 3500MHz in the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected, a is the proportional coefficient a=2.093 mm/V of the thickness of the calculated pearl layer, and a is the voltage value of 3500MHz in the empty spectrum obtained by the electromagnetic wave sensor when no sample to be detected exists in the cup-shaped excitation inductor.
Table 3 shows comparison of the results of the detection of the thickness of the pearl layer of the artificially cultured seawater pearls by the embodiment of the method and the X-ray detection method, and the detection results of the method of the invention are similar to the results of the X-ray detection method as shown in the sequence numbers 1 to 3 of Table 3; the numbers 4 and 5 indicate that the detection result cannot be obtained by the X-ray method, but the effective measurement is obtained by the method.
TABLE 3 comparison of the results of the detection of the thickness of the bead layer by the present method and the X-ray detection method
V-3, pearl ID code
The ID code obtained in the step IV-3 is the identity code of the pearl, each pearl has a unique ID code, and the unique ID code is stored in a pearl identification database before entering the market for anti-counterfeiting and tracing when the pearl circulates in the future.
And (3) obtaining the ID of the pearl to be detected according to the steps I-IV, comparing the ID with the stored pearl ID of the pearl identification database, and finding out the ID matched with the pearl ID to obtain the production place and other related information of the pearl.
Table 4 shows ID codes of some different types of pearls, and the outer diameter of the non-round pearl is the maximum outer diameter thereof.
TABLE 4 exemplary tables of ID codes for different types of pearls
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The example takes partial graphs of 10 test pieces with scanning frequencies of 2000MHz to 4300MHz for comparison and explanation. The abscissa of fig. 4 to 13 is the scanning frequency in MHz set by the nondestructive identification device for pearl type and thickness of the pearl layer used in this example at the time of pearl identification; the ordinate is the voltage value of the electromagnetic wave sensor at each frequency point, which is generated by electromagnetic energy absorbed by the pearl to be measured, and the unit is V. The ID codes of the 10 test pieces are shown in the numbers 1 to 10 of Table 4. The specific test of 10 test pieces is as follows:
Test piece 1
The diameter of 5.293mm was measured in step iv, the weight was 0.21g, the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum was completed as shown in fig. 4, and the ID code= 207642459267 was calculated by the formula.
The voltage value of the pearl map at the frequency of 3255MHz is 1.325V, and the ratio V/g= 6.309 of the weight of the pearl map to the weight of 0.21g is checked; above 5.370 and below 7.990, and determining that the pearl is artificially cultured sea water drop in North sea.
Calculating the thickness delta of the bead layer according to the formula of the step V-2, wherein the voltage value at 3500MHz on the graph is 2.255V
Δ＝2.093(2.255-2.177)＝0.163(mm)
Inquiring in the stored pearl ID code of the pearl identification database to obtain that the pearl is the seawater pearl artificially cultured on the North sea ying plate.
Test piece 2
The diameter of 14.500mm and the weight of 4.48g were measured in the same manner as in the step IV, the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum was completed as shown in FIG. 5, and the ID code= 231416016865 was calculated.
The voltage value at the frequency of 3255MHz is found to be 2.011V on the pearl graph, and the ratio V/g=0.449 of the weight of the pearl graph to 4.48 g; the voltage value at frequency 3067MHz is 2.139V. The pearl is judged to be the ocean south pearl according to all three indexes of class 2 in table 1.
And (3) calculating the thickness delta of the bead layer according to the formula of the step V-2, wherein the voltage value at 3500MHz on the map is 2719V.
Δ＝2.093(2.719-2.177)＝1.134(mm)
Inquiring in the stored pearl ID code of the pearl identification database to obtain that the pearl is the artificial cultured seawater pearl in the south China ocean.
Test piece 3
The electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum was completed by measuring 7.140mm in diameter and 0.60g in weight in accordance with the procedure IV as shown in FIG. 6, and the ID code= 210275953782 was calculated.
The voltage value at the frequency of 3255MHz on the pearl graph is 1.235V, and the ratio V/g=2.058 of the weight of the pearl graph to 0.60 g; the voltage value at frequency 3067MHz is 1.758V. The two indexes of category 3 in Table 1 are matched, and the pearl is judged to belong to one of natural-color freshwater pearls produced by Hubei, zhejiang and Jiangsu.
Calculating the thickness delta of the bead layer according to the formula of the step V-2, wherein the voltage value at 3500MHz on the graph is 2.340V
Δ＝2.093(2.340-2.177)＝0.341(mm)
Inquiring in the stored pearl ID code of the pearl identification database to obtain that the pearl is natural fresh water pearl in Hubei province.
Test piece 4
The electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum was completed by measuring 5.000mm in diameter and 0.48g in weight in the step IV as shown in FIG. 7, and the ID code= 205062677911 was calculated.
The voltage value of the pearl map at the frequency of 3255MHz is 1.330V, and the ratio V/g= 2.770 of the weight of the pearl map to the weight of 0.48g is checked; the voltage value at frequency 3067MHz is 1.486V. The three indexes of the class 5 of the table 1 are matched, and the pearl is judged to be a plastic simulated pearl.
Inquiring in the stored pearl ID code of the pearl identification database to obtain that the pearl is the synthetic plastic simulated pearl.
Test piece 5
The electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum was completed by measuring 6.830mm in diameter and 0.47g in weight in accordance with the procedure IV as shown in FIG. 8, and the ID code= 208280056501 was calculated.
The voltage value of the pearl map at the frequency of 3255MHz is 1.244V, and the ratio V/g=2.646 of the weight of the pearl map to the weight of 0.47g is checked; the voltage value at frequency 3067MHz is 1.690V. The pearl was judged to be a natural seawater pearl produced in japan or zhanjiang, in accordance with 2 of the three indices of class 1 in table 1.
And (3) calculating the thickness delta of the bead layer according to the formula of the step V-2, wherein the voltage value at 3500MHz on the graph is 2.323V.
Δ＝2.093(2.323-2.177)＝0.305(mm)
The pearl ID code stored in the pearl identification database is searched, and the pearl is known to be the Japanese artificial culture seawater pearl.
Test piece 6
The diameter of 4.099mm and the weight of 0.09g were measured in the same manner as in the above step IV, and the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum was completed as shown in FIG. 9, and the ID code= 207972743984 was calculated.
The voltage value at the frequency of 3255MHz is found to be 1.400V on the pearl graph, and the ratio V/g= 15.566 of the weight of the pearl graph to the weight of 0.09g is found; above 7.990, the pearl is natural seawater pearl in North sea.
Calculating the thickness delta of the bead layer according to the formula of the step V-2, wherein the voltage value at 3500MHz on the graph is 2.219V
Δ＝2.093(2.219-2.177)＝0.088(mm)
Inquiring in the stored pearl ID code of the pearl identification database, and storing the information of the natural seawater pearl in the north sea which is not recorded in the database.
Test piece 7
The electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum was completed by measuring 5.429mm in diameter and 0.23g in accordance with the procedure IV as shown in FIG. 10, and the ID code= 206977793580 was calculated.
The voltage value at the frequency 3255MHz is 1.380V, the ratio V/g=6.000 of the voltage value to the weight of 0.23g is higher than 5.370 and lower than 7.990, and the pearl is judged to be the seawater pearl artificially cultured in North sea.
Calculating the thickness delta of the bead layer according to the formula of the step V-2, wherein the voltage value at 3500MHz on the graph is 2.263V
Δ＝2.093(2.263-2.177)＝0.180(mm)
The pearl ID codes stored in the pearl identification database are searched, so that the pearl identification database is known to be a seawater pearl artificially cultured on a northern sea ying plate, the electromagnetic absorption energy spectrum 10 of the pearl is very similar to the electromagnetic absorption energy spectrum 4 of a test piece 1 which is also used for seawater pearl artificially cultured on the northern sea ying plate, but the spectrum difference between the electromagnetic absorption energy spectrum and the electromagnetic absorption energy spectrum is very obvious from other types of pearls.
Test piece 8
The electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum was completed by measuring 7.799mm in diameter and 0.75g in weight in accordance with the procedure IV as shown in FIG. 11, and the ID code= 209782051282 was calculated.
The voltage value at the frequency of 3255MHz is 1.232V, and the ratio V/g= 1.701 of the voltage value to the weight of 0.75g is found on the pearl graph; the voltage value at frequency 3067MHz is 1.817V. The pearl was judged to belong to natural seawater pearls produced in japan or zhanjiang, in accordance with all three indexes of class 1 in table 1.
Calculating the thickness delta of the bead layer according to the formula of the step V-2, wherein the voltage value at 3500MHz on the graph is 2.337V
Δ＝2.093(2.337-2.177)＝0.335(mm)
Inquiring in the stored pearl ID code of the pearl identification database to obtain the natural-color seawater pearl for artificial culture of Zhanzhanjiang products in Guangdong province.
Test piece 9
The diameter of 11.663mm and the weight of 2.32g were measured in the same manner as in the above step IV, and the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum was completed as shown in FIG. 12, and the ID code= 224888004242 was calculated.
The voltage value of the pearl map at the frequency of 3255MHz is 1.558V, and the ratio V/g=0.671 of the weight of the pearl map to 2.32g is checked; the voltage value at frequency 3067MHz is 2.073V. And (3) conforming to two indexes (a voltage value at 3255MHz and a voltage value at 3067 MHz) in the 7 th class index of the table 1, and judging that the pearl is a simulated pearl synthesized by pearl powder.
Calculating the thickness delta of the bead layer according to the formula of the step V-2, wherein the voltage value at 3500MHz on the graph is 2.468V
Δ＝2.093(2.498-2.177)＝0.671(mm)
The pearl ID code of the pearl obtained by calculation is inquired in a pearl identification database and is consistent with the stored information in the database, and the pearl ID code is a simulated pearl synthesized by pearl powder.
Test piece 10
The diameter of 7.282mm and the weight of 0.43g were measured in the same manner as in the above step IV, and the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum was completed as shown in FIG. 13, and the ID code= 207657924904 was calculated.
The voltage value at the frequency of 3255MHz is 1.24V, and the ratio V/g= 2.883 of the voltage value to the weight of 0.43g is found on the pearl graph; the voltage value at frequency 3067MHz is 1.740V. The three indexes of the Chinese medicinal materials are matched with the indexes of category 4 in Table 1, and the pearl belongs to one of natural-color fresh water pearls of Jiangxi, hunan, zhejiang and Jiangsu.
Calculating the thickness delta of the bead layer according to the formula of the step V-2, wherein the voltage value at 3500MHz on the graph is 2.310V
Δ＝2.093(2.310-2.177)＝0.278(mm)
Inquiring in the stored pearl ID code of the pearl identification database to obtain that the pearl is Hunan natural fresh water pearl.
The above embodiments are merely specific examples for further detailed description of the object, technical solution and advantageous effects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the scope of the present disclosure are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The nondestructive identification device for the pearl type and the thickness of the pearl layer comprises a shell, a signal source, a cup-shaped excitation inductor, an electromagnetic wave sensor, a data acquisition card and a control center, wherein the signal source is a sine wave electric signal source which is connected with the cup-shaped excitation inductor to supply power; the signal source is connected with the control center, and the control center controls the signal frequency of the signal source; the hollow cylinder inductive reactance is used as a cup wall, the round inductive reactance is used as a cup bottom, the hollow cylinder inductive reactance and the round inductive reactance are connected to form a cup-shaped excitation inductive reactance device, and the pearl to be measured is placed in the cup; the electromagnetic wave sensor is a disc-shaped coil, the diameter of the electromagnetic wave sensor is larger than the inner diameter of the cup bottom of the cup-shaped excitation inductor and is equal to or smaller than the outer diameter of the cup bottom, and the electromagnetic wave sensor is tightly attached to the cup bottom; the output of the electromagnetic wave sensor is connected into the control center through the data acquisition card; the cup-shaped excitation inductor and the electromagnetic wave sensor are fixed into a whole, the input terminal and the output terminal are both provided with a hard outer tube, the inner ends of the input terminal and the output terminal penetrate through the shell, the input end of the cup-shaped excitation inductor is connected with the input terminal, the inner end of the outer tube of the input terminal is fixed on the outer wall of the cup-shaped excitation inductor, the output end of the electromagnetic wave sensor is connected with the output terminal, the inner end of the outer tube of the output terminal is fixed on the outer wall of the electromagnetic wave sensor, the outer tubes of the input terminal and the output terminal are fixed on the shell, the cup-shaped excitation inductor and the electromagnetic wave sensor are supported to be suspended in the shell, a gap of 10-20 mm is reserved between the cup-shaped excitation inductor and the inner wall of the electromagnetic wave sensor, and the input terminal and the output terminal are insulated from the shell; the shell is a ferromagnetic shell for shielding a magnetic field.
2. The non-destructive identification apparatus of pearl type and thickness of pearl layer according to claim 1, wherein:
The signal source is a sine wave electric signal source with the signal frequency of 0.2 MHz-25 GHz; the signal source comprises an electromagnetic wave spectrum scanning circuit, and electric signals with different frequencies are sequentially sent out according to a scanning step length and a scanning frequency according to a command of a control center.
3. The non-destructive identification apparatus of pearl type and thickness of pearl layer according to claim 1, wherein:
the output of the signal source is connected to the cup-shaped excitation inductor through the power amplifier.
4. The non-destructive identification apparatus of pearl type and thickness of pearl layer according to claim 1, wherein:
The maximum diameter of the inner cavity of the cup-shaped excitation inductor cup is 12-18 mm, and the maximum depth is 12-18 mm.
5. The non-destructive identification apparatus of pearl type and thickness of pearl layer according to claim 1, wherein:
The control center comprises a signal source frequency adjustment module and a data processing module, and is also connected with a display screen and an input facility; the signal source frequency adjusting module is connected with the signal source to control and adjust the output signal frequency of the signal source; the data processing module is connected with the data acquisition card and receives electromagnetic energy absorbed by the obtained pearl to be detected in different frequency points in the high-frequency electromagnetic field of the electromagnetic wave sensor.
6. A method for non-destructive identification of pearl type and thickness of pearl layer, characterized in that the method for non-destructive identification of pearl type and thickness of pearl layer according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used, comprising the steps of:
Step I, setting
The power switch is turned on, a parameter setting dialog box is popped up on a display screen of the control center, and the scanning frequency range, the scanning step length, the scanning time and the data storage type of the signal source are set;
The scanning frequency set in the step I is 2000 MHz-4300 MHz, the scanning step length is 0.1 MHz-50 MHz, and the scanning time is 2 ms-5 ms;
Step II, test
The measured pearl is placed in the cup-shaped excitation inductor, a start key is pressed, a signal source sends out electric signals with different frequencies according to a scanning step length, a scanning frequency and a scanning time according to a control center instruction, and a data acquisition card automatically completes data sampling of an electromagnetic wave sensor once every time the signal source outputs a frequency signal until the signal source completes scanning of all set frequency points;
Step III, display
After the scanning is finished, the control center displays the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected on the display screen, namely, each frequency point and the corresponding electromagnetic wave sensor generate voltage values by electromagnetic energy absorbed by the pearl to be detected, and the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected is obtained by taking the abscissa as the frequency value, the unit as MHz, the ordinate as the voltage and the unit as V;
Step IV, pearl identification database
The pearl identification database comprises physical characteristics, an absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum, an ID code and V/g of each pearl;
IV-1, physical characteristics
Including the type, origin, weight, diameter and color of the pearl;
the type refers to natural fresh water pearl, artificial cultured fresh water pearl, natural seawater pearl, artificial cultured seawater pearl and simulated pearl, wherein the simulated pearl comprises synthetic simulated pearl synthesized by plastic or other chemical materials and stone pearl synthesized by pearl powder;
The weight is obtained by a balance, and the unit is gram;
the diameter is measured by a micrometer and is measured in millimeters; for the pearls which are not right round balls, the maximum diameter of the pearls is measured;
IV-2, electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of pearl
Detecting multiple types of known pearls according to the steps I-III, and respectively obtaining electromagnetic energy absorption maps of different pearls;
IV-3, ID code
Each pearl has a unique identity code ID, and the ID calculation formula is as follows:
In the middle of Is the arithmetic average value of the voltages of all frequency points of the frequency range of 2000MHz to 4300MHz in the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum obtained by the pearl in the step IV-2;
For the power average value of the electric signals emitted by the signal source in the frequency range of 2000 MHz-4300 MHz, the computer automatically calculates according to the voltage and the current of the electric signals emitted by the signal source;
The average value of the electromagnetic wave power received by the cup-shaped excitation inductor for the electromagnetic wave sensor with the frequency range of 2000 MHz-4300 MHz is automatically calculated by a computer according to the electromagnetic wave voltage and current received by the cup-shaped excitation inductor;
The ID value takes 12 digits;
Ⅳ-4、V/g
the voltage value V is in volts and the weight value g is in grams, which are the ratio of the voltage value obtained by the electromagnetic wave sensor of the pearl to be detected at the specific frequency 3255 MHz;
Step V, recognition
According to the data of the pearl identification database in the step IV, summarizing the identification indexes of the simulated pearl, partial freshwater pearl and seawater pearl, detecting the pearls to be detected in the steps I-III, obtaining the data of the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum, the V/g value of the specific frequency point and the ID code of the pearl to be detected, and identifying the pearls of different summarized types, or calculating the thickness of the pearl layer, or inquiring the detailed information of the pearl from the database, wherein the scanning step length and the scanning time are the same as those of the step I.
7. The method for non-destructive identification of pearl type and thickness of a pearl layer according to claim 6, wherein:
the identification indexes of the fresh water pearl, the seawater pearl and the simulated pearl are as follows:
class 1 Japanese or Zhanjiang natural color seawater pearl
Index 1 ①, V/g= 2.130-3.050 of the pearl to be tested,
Index 1 ②, voltage value=1.850-1.650V corresponding to frequency 3067MHz of the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected,
Index 1 ③, voltage value=1.255-1.230V corresponding to the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearl to be detected at frequency 3255 MHz;
Class 2 Nanyang seawater pearl
Index 2 ①, V/g=0.380-0.450 of the pearl to be measured,
Index 2 ②, voltage value=2.140-2.070V corresponding to frequency 3067MHz of the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearl to be detected,
Index 2 ③, voltage value= 2.215-2.010V corresponding to the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearl to be detected at frequency 3255 MHz;
class 3 Hubei, zhejiang and Jiangsu natural-color freshwater pearls
Index 3 ①, V/g=2.051-2.287 of the pearl to be measured,
Index 3 ②, voltage value=1.790-1.740V corresponding to frequency 3067MHz of the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected,
Index 3 ③, voltage value=1.240-1.230V corresponding to the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearl to be detected at frequency 3255 MHz;
Class 4 Jiangxi, hunan natural color freshwater pearls
Index 4 ①, V/g=1.090-1.610 of the pearl to be tested,
Index 4 ②, voltage value=1.990-1.900V corresponding to frequency 3067MHz of the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected,
Index 4 ③, voltage value=1.350-1.330V corresponding to the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearl to be detected at frequency 3255 MHz;
class 5 plastic or other chemical synthetic material simulated pearl
Index 5 ①, V/g= 2.690-2.830 of the pearl to be tested,
Index 5 ②, voltage value=1.550-1.510V corresponding to frequency 3067MHz of the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected,
Index 5 ③, voltage value=1.340-1.290V corresponding to the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearl to be detected at frequency 3255 MHz;
Class 6 pearl powder synthesized simulated pearl
Index 6 ①, V/g= 1.076-1.733 of the pearl to be measured,
Index 6 ②, voltage value= 2.073-1.947V corresponding to frequency 3067MHz of the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected,
Index 6 ③, voltage value=1.558-1.330V corresponding to the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearl to be detected at frequency 3255 MHz;
Class 7 stone beads
Index 7 ①, V/g=3.327-2.691 of the pearl to be measured,
Index 7 ②, voltage value=1.728-1.797V corresponding to frequency 3067MHz of the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected,
Index 7 ③, voltage value=1.334-1.226V corresponding to the absorption electromagnetic energy spectrum of the pearl to be detected at frequency 3255 MHz;
Detecting the pearls to be detected in the steps I to III, wherein the scanning step length and the scanning time are the same as those of the step I, obtaining an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearls to be detected, calculating a V/g value at the frequency 3255MHz of the spectrum, comparing the V/g value and the voltage value of a specific frequency point with the indexes of the pearls of various types, and judging the pearls to be the pearls when the indexes are consistent with at least two indexes of three indexes of a pearl of a certain type; if two indexes of any type of pearl cannot be met, the pearl is other types of pearls except 7 types.
8. The method for non-destructive identification of pearl type and thickness of a pearl layer according to claim 6, wherein:
Detecting the pearls to be detected in the steps I to III, wherein the scanning step length and the scanning time are the same as those in the step I, obtaining an electromagnetic absorption spectrum of the pearls to be detected, calculating a V/g value at the frequency 3255MHz of the spectrum, and judging that the pearls to be detected are natural seawater pearls produced in North China sea, wherein the V/g value at the frequency 3255MHz of the spectrum of the pearls to be detected is higher than 7.990; the V/g value of the pearl to be detected at the spectrum frequency of 3255MHz is higher than 5.370, and the pearl is judged to be the natural seawater pearl produced in North China sea.
9. The method for non-destructive identification of pearl type and thickness of a pearl layer according to claim 6, wherein:
Finding out a voltage value of 3500MHz at a frequency point in an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be detected, and calculating the thickness delta of the pearl layer according to the following formula:
Δ＝a×(x-2.177)
where x is the voltage value at 3500MHz in the electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearl to be measured, and a is the proportionality coefficient a=2.093 mm/V of the thickness of the calculated pearl layer.
10. The method for non-destructive identification of pearl type and thickness of a pearl layer according to claim 6, wherein:
Detecting the pearls to be detected in the steps I-III, wherein the scanning step length and the scanning time are the same as those of the step I, obtaining an electromagnetic energy absorption spectrum of the pearls to be detected, and obtaining an ID code of each pearl as an identity code of the pearl according to the step IV-3, wherein each pearl has a unique ID code, and storing the unique ID code into a pearl identification database before entering the market for anti-counterfeiting and tracing when the pearls circulate in the future;
obtaining the ID of the pearl to be detected according to the steps I-IV, comparing the ID with the stored pearl ID of the pearl identification database, and finding out the ID matched with the pearl ID to obtain the production place and other related information of the pearl;
if the ID code of the pearl to be detected fails to find the matched ID in the pearl identification database, the pearl ID code and other related information are stored in the pearl identification database.
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