CN109611218B - Combustion state diagnosis and adjustment method for gas turbine - Google Patents
Combustion state diagnosis and adjustment method for gas turbine Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
- F02C9/28—Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
- F02C9/40—Control of fuel supply specially adapted to the use of a special fuel or a plurality of fuels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/05—Testing internal-combustion engines by combined monitoring of two or more different engine parameters
Abstract
The invention relates to a combustion state diagnosis and adjustment method for a gas turbine, which is suitable for a GE 9E type gas turbine and belongs to the technical field of key cores of the GE 9E type gas turbine. The problem that needs to be solved at present is to provide an autonomously developed and unique method for diagnosing and adjusting the combustion state of a GE 9E type combustion engine. The invention firstly provides a method for accurately judging the combustion state of a 9E type combustion engine, and the diagnosis method comprises two main diagnosis directions: combustion stability diagnosis, combustion emission diagnosis, 4 index parameters: 1) fire detection intensity index, 2) flue gas temperature index, 3) NOxData index, 4) CO data index; a method of combustion tuning for a 9E type combustion engine is also provided. The invention specially carries out combustion optimization control adjustment aiming at the characteristics of the 9E type gas turbine, can quickly and effectively complete the combustion adjustment of the 9E type gas turbine, and ensures the safe, economic and environment-friendly operation of a unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a combustion state diagnosis and adjustment method for a combustion engine, which is suitable for a GE 9E type combustion engine, belongs to the key core technical field of the GE 9E type combustion engine, and relates to a combustion analysis diagnosis and combustion adjustment core technology of the combustion engine.
Background
The GE 9E type gas turbine has the characteristics of maturity, environmental protection and high efficiency by adopting a D L N1.0 low-carbon combustion technology, has the largest installation cluster in the world, has more than 30 units in China at present, and has an important influence position on the environment-friendly power generation in China.
Because the combustion optimization control adjustment of the GE 9E type gas turbine relates to the core technology of the gas turbine, the technologies are mastered in foreign GE companies, domestic research units and power generation enterprises do not completely master the technology of the combustion adjustment of the whole gas turbine, and a few units have certain research on the combustion adjustment technology of the 9E type gas turbine but cannot completely and autonomously implement the combustion adjustment, high combustion adjustment optimization control cost has to be paid every year, and meanwhile, because the GE companies carry out the combustion adjustment according to time plans, the GE companies cannot adapt to Chinese characteristics to realize the timely combustion adjustment optimization according to needs, and serious problems such as damage of combustion heat jacket components, shortening of equipment service life and the like are caused.
At present, several related dry-type low NO combustion adjustment methods for gas turbines, which are disclosed in Chinese patents, generally aim at D5, PM1 and PM4 of a class F gas turbine unit D L N-2+ combustion system of GE company and a control value of clean air and blow air to perform real-time combustion adjustment until a combustion dynamic pressure monitoring result and an NO combustion dynamic pressure monitoring resultxCO emissions are at suitable values, as in chinese patent application No. CN 201310359612.5. The dry-type low NO combustion adjusting methods of the gas turbine all depend on pressure pulsation measuring equipment to judge the combustion stability to different degrees, and adopt the adjusting steps of increasing the load first and then decreasing the load and the like to adjust, and have certain local limitsIn a limited manner, the combustion state of the class 9E combustion engine D L N1.0 low-carbon burner of GE cannot be effectively determined, and the combustion adjustment for the class 9E combustion engine is not suitable at all.
Therefore, it is an urgent problem to provide an autonomously developed and unique method for diagnosing and adjusting the combustion state of a GE 9E type combustion engine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the domestic technical blank, provides a quick and effective method for diagnosing and adjusting the combustion state of a 9E gas turbine of GE company, and aims to diagnose and adjust the combustion state of the gas turbine in a D L N1.0 low-carbon combustion mode on line in real time.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a combustion state diagnosis and adjustment method of a combustion engine is characterized by comprising two parts: an accurate diagnosis method of a combustion state and an effective combustion adjustment method. The method comprises the following specific steps:
a combustion state diagnosis method: the diagnosis of the combustion running state of the natural gas combustion engine of GE company basically mainly takes two major indexes of combustion pressure pulsation and environmental emission, and the final objective of combustion adjustment is to ensure that the combustion of the unit has sufficient combustion stability on the premise that the environmental emission of the combustion engine meets the environmental requirement.
(1) Diagnosis of combustion stability a GE 9E type D L N1.0 (low carbon combustion) combustion engine has no combustion pressure pulsation device, and the method is characterized by performing effective combustion stability judgment by the following parameters.
1) Judging the combustion stability by fire detection strength: when the gas turbine is in a premixed combustion working condition, 4 fire detectors arranged in the primary combustion chambers of 1, 2, 3 and 14 combustors are normally in a state close to 0, and if the conditions that the flame intensity indicates that the combustors are back-fire or the primary gas valve has wrong gas proportioning or the combustors are in failure and the like are detected. 4 fire detectors arranged in the secondary combustion chambers of 1, 2, 3 and 14 combustors are normally larger than 50% and smaller than 60%, if the fire detectors are smaller than 50%, the combustors are unstable in combustion or have a large proportion of a primary gas valve, and if the fire detectors are larger than 60%, the combustors are easy to burn due to the fact that the proportion of the primary gas valve of the combustors is small, premixing is insufficient, and combustion is strong.
2) Judging the combustion stability by the exhaust gas temperature: when the combustion engine is in a premixed combustion working condition, the difference between the average value of 24 exhaust gas temperatures and a designed exhaust gas temperature value (or a normal operation value) should not exceed 36 DEG F (20 ℃) for a long time, when the average exhaust gas temperature exceeds the designed exhaust gas temperature value (or the normal operation value) for a long time and 18 DEG F (10 ℃) indicates that the combustion is strong, the proportion of a first-stage gas valve of the combustor is probably small, and when the average exhaust gas temperature is lower than the designed exhaust gas temperature value (or the normal operation value) for a long time and 18 DEG F (10 ℃) indicates that the combustion is weak, the proportion of the first-stage gas.
(2) And (3) combustion emission diagnosis, wherein the method is characterized in that the combustion state diagnosis is carried out on the normal combustion emission of the GE 9E gas type D L N1.0 (low carbon combustion) combustion engine through the following parameters.
1)NOxData index of GE 9E gas type D L N1.0 (Low carbon Combustion) gas turbine emission data NOxReference 15% O2Has a guaranteed value of 15ppm (30 mg/m)3) The normal operation value is 5-10ppm (10-20 mg/m)3). Thus, when the combustion engine is in normal premixed combustion, NOxIf the data is higher than the normal operation value (more than 10ppm), the data indicates that the first-stage gas valve of the combustor has less mixture ratio, insufficient premixing, strong combustion, high emission and NOxIf the data is lower than the normal operation value (less than 10ppm), the data indicates that the first-stage gas valve of the combustor has more mixture ratio, more premixed gas, weak combustion and easy flameout.
2) CO data index GE 9E gas type D L N1.0 (Low carbon Combustion) gas turbine emission data CO refers to 15% O2Has a guaranteed value of 25ppm (31 mg/m)3) Normal operating values are about 0-8ppm (1-10 mg/m)3) And CO emissions drop significantly due to high flame temperatures. Therefore, when the combustion engine is in normal premixed combustion operation, if the CO data is higher than the normal operation value (more than 8ppm) for a long time, the conditions that the first-stage gas valve of the combustor is high in proportioning, premixed gas is high, combustion is weak, the flame temperature is low and flameout is easy are indicated. If the CO data is lower than the normal operation value for a long time, the first-stage gas valve of the combustor is low in proportion, insufficient in premixing, strong in combustion, high in flame temperature and easy to burn.
Secondly, the combustion adjusting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of aiming at a GE 9E type D L N1.0 (low-carbon combustion) combustion engine:
1) collecting 9E unit combustion state key parameters (load, combustion reference temperature, fuel distribution standard, first-stage combustion chamber gas valve distribution ratio, exhaust gas temperature, fuel flow distribution constant array, isothermal curve and NO) in advancex、CO、O2Value and the like), preliminarily judging the combustion state condition of the gas turbine according to the combustion state diagnosis method, making a combustion adjustment scheme, submitting a load swing curve and a combustion adjustment method, and reporting to obtain a load coordination plan of a power grid.
2) Combustion load adjustment mode: dividing 4 sections of premixed combustion key loads (high, medium, low and down near premixed switching loads) by proportionally reducing full load to a premixed combustion minimum load point to perform load reduction combustion adjustment, then proportionally increasing to full load to perform 4 sections of load increase combustion adjustment, and repeating the steps for one to three times until 4 parameters in the combustion state diagnosis method (combustion stability diagnosis and combustion emission diagnosis) are 1) fire detection strength, 2) smoke discharge temperature and 3) NOxAnd 4) after the CO data indexes meet the requirements according to the judgment of the combustion state diagnosis method, taking a middle value according to the boundary range value of the first-stage gas valve ratio of the combustor measured by experiments, and reserving a certain margin for the gas ratio.
3) And (2) performing combustion adjustment from high to low at a stable 4-section premixing combustion key load (high, medium, low and down near premixing switching load) point, increasing the first-stage gas valve proportion value (percentage value) of the combustor corresponding to the current combustion reference temperature by 0.5%, waiting for the stability of the unit combustion state key parameter at an interval of 3-5 minutes, recording the current parameter value, upward adjusting for 6 times until the first-stage gas valve proportion value of the combustor increases by 3%, and stopping immediately and returning to the initial value if the 4 index data in the diagnosis method obviously exceed the standard observed by the combustion state diagnosis method. And then, after the initial first-stage gas valve matching value (percentage value) of the combustor is reduced by 0.5 percent, recording the current parameter value after the key parameter of the unit combustion state is stabilized at intervals of 3-5 minutes, and downwards adjusting for 6 times until the first-stage gas valve matching value of the combustor is reduced by 3 percent, wherein if the 4 index data in the diagnosis method obviously exceed the standard, the diagnosis method needs to be immediately stopped and returned to the initial value.
4) Since the fuel flow distribution constant array of the GE company 9E type D L N1.0 (low carbon combustion) gas turbine has 4 pairs of data, which are 4 combustion reference temperatures and corresponding burner primary gas valve distribution values (percentage values), respectively, that are also corresponding to 4 data lines, the method for changing the burner primary gas valve distribution value in step 3) by 0.5% of the range of the burner primary gas valve distribution value in the combustion adjustment method is that two constant values in the fuel flow distribution constant array interval where the burner primary gas valve distribution value is located are changed to the same value (the current burner primary gas valve distribution value ± 0.5), which ensures the accurate positioning adjustment of the burner primary gas valve distribution value at each adjustment, and two parameters (the maximum fuel flow distribution value and the minimum fuel flow distribution value) in the logic of the 9E type D L N1.0 (low carbon combustion) gas turbine respectively correspond to the maximum value and the minimum value of the burner primary gas valve distribution value in the fuel flow distribution constant, so that in step 3, the maximum fuel flow distribution value and the minimum fuel flow distribution value before adjustment must be changed to the original fuel flow distribution value +3%, and the original fuel flow distribution value should be changed to 3-3%.
5) And repeating the steps 3) -4) to finish the load reduction combustion adjustment of each premixed combustion key load, and repeating the steps 3) -4) to finish the load increase combustion adjustment after sequentially increasing the load and passing through the premixed combustion key load (descending near premixed switching, low, medium and high loads).
6) And (3) repeating the steps 3) -5) to perform combustion adjustment for 2-3 times of load reduction, analyzing and diagnosing all recorded data according to the combustion state diagnosis and analysis method of the gas turbine, determining the boundary range of the primary gas valve distribution ratio of 4 combustors corresponding to 4 combustion reference temperatures, and sequentially taking intermediate values to reserve a certain margin for gas distribution ratio.
7) Finally, after the unit is shut down, relevant parameters are modified and then are loaded into a combustion engine control system, and the whole combustion adjustment process is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects: the invention firstly providesThe method for accurately judging the combustion state of the 9E type combustion engine comprises two diagnosis directions: the method comprises the following steps of I, diagnosis of combustion stability, II, diagnosis of combustion emission, and 4 index parameters: 1) fire detection intensity index, 2) flue gas temperature index, 3) NOxData index, 4) CO data index; a method of combustion tuning for a 9E type combustion engine is also provided. The invention specially carries out combustion optimization control adjustment aiming at the characteristics of the 9E type gas turbine, can quickly and effectively complete the combustion adjustment of the 9E type gas turbine, and ensures the safe, economic and environment-friendly operation of a unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure relationship of a gas regulating valve and a burner device of a 9E combustion engine in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the adjustment of each gas regulating valve of the 9E combustion engine in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a process diagram of the method for analyzing and adjusting the combustion state of the 9E combustion engine according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Examples are given.
Referring to fig. 1, firstly, a GE 9E type D L N1.0 (low carbon combustion) combustion engine has no combustion pressure pulsation equipment, and only 3-way gas control valves are used for proportioning gas, and when the unit enters 40% load for premixed combustion, only a primary gas valve and a secondary gas valve are used.
Referring to fig. 2, the adjustment mode of the D L N1.0 burner of the 9E type combustion engine performs the proportioning adjustment according to the percentage of the gas in the primary gas valve to the total gas amount, and the rest of the gas enters the secondary gas valve, so that the combustion adjustment of the 9E type combustion engine only needs to adjust one parameter variable (the gas amount of the primary gas valve).
The method for diagnosing and adjusting the combustion state of the GE 9E type combustion engine comprises two major parts: an accurate diagnosis method of a combustion state and an effective combustion adjustment method. The method comprises the following specific steps:
a combustion state diagnosis method: the diagnosis of the combustion running state of the natural gas combustion engine of GE company basically mainly takes two major indexes of combustion pressure pulsation and environmental emission, and the final objective of combustion adjustment is to ensure that the combustion of the unit has sufficient combustion stability on the premise that the environmental emission of the combustion engine meets the environmental requirement.
(1) Diagnosis of combustion stability a GE 9E type D L N1.0 (low carbon combustion) combustion engine has no combustion pressure pulsation device, and the method is characterized by performing effective combustion stability judgment by the following parameters.
1) Judging the combustion stability by fire detection strength: when the gas turbine is in a premixed combustion working condition, 4 fire detectors arranged in the primary combustion chambers of 1, 2, 3 and 14 combustors are normally in a state close to 0, and if the conditions that the flame intensity indicates that the combustors are back-fire or the primary gas valve has wrong gas proportioning or the combustors are in failure and the like are detected. 4 fire detectors arranged in the secondary combustion chambers of 1, 2, 3 and 14 combustors are normally larger than 50% and smaller than 60%, if the fire detectors are smaller than 50%, the combustors are unstable in combustion or have a large proportion of a primary gas valve, and if the fire detectors are larger than 60%, the combustors are easy to burn due to the fact that the proportion of the primary gas valve of the combustors is small, premixing is insufficient, and combustion is strong.
2) Judging the combustion stability by the exhaust gas temperature: when the combustion engine is in a premixed combustion working condition, the difference between the average value of 24 exhaust gas temperatures and a designed exhaust gas temperature value (or a normal operation value) should not exceed 36 DEG F (20 ℃) for a long time, when the average exhaust gas temperature exceeds the designed exhaust gas temperature value (or the normal operation value) for a long time and 18 DEG F (10 ℃) indicates that the combustion is strong, the proportion of a first-stage gas valve of the combustor is probably small, and when the average exhaust gas temperature is lower than the designed exhaust gas temperature value (or the normal operation value) for a long time and 18 DEG F (10 ℃) indicates that the combustion is weak, the proportion of the first-stage gas.
(2) And (3) combustion emission diagnosis, wherein the method is characterized in that the combustion state diagnosis is carried out on the normal combustion emission of the GE 9E gas type D L N1.0 (low carbon combustion) combustion engine through the following parameters.
1)NOxData index of GE 9E gas type D L N1.0 (Low carbon Combustion) gas turbine emission data NOxReference 15% O2Has a guaranteed value of 15ppm (30 mg/m)3) The normal operation value is 5-10ppm (10-20 mg/m)3)。Thus, when the combustion engine is in normal premixed combustion, NOxIf the data is higher than the normal operation value (more than 10ppm), the data indicates that the first-stage gas valve of the combustor has less mixture ratio, insufficient premixing, strong combustion, high emission and NOxIf the data is lower than the normal operation value (less than 10ppm), the data indicates that the first-stage gas valve of the combustor has more mixture ratio, more premixed gas, weak combustion and easy flameout.
2) CO data index GE 9E gas type D L N1.0 (Low carbon Combustion) gas turbine emission data CO refers to 15% O2Has a guaranteed value of 25ppm (31 mg/m)3) Normal operating values are about 0-8ppm (1-10 mg/m)3) And CO emissions drop significantly due to high flame temperatures. Therefore, when the combustion engine is in normal premixed combustion operation, if the CO data is higher than the normal operation value (more than 8ppm) for a long time, the conditions that the first-stage gas valve of the combustor is high in proportioning, premixed gas is high, combustion is weak, the flame temperature is low and flameout is easy are indicated. If the CO data is lower than the normal operation value for a long time, the first-stage gas valve of the combustor is low in proportion, insufficient in premixing, strong in combustion, high in flame temperature and easy to burn.
Key features of the combustion tuning method are as follows:
1. collecting 9E unit combustion state key parameters (load, combustion reference temperature, fuel distribution standard, first-stage combustion chamber gas valve distribution ratio, exhaust gas temperature, fuel flow distribution constant array, isothermal curve and NO) in advancex、CO、O2Value and the like), a combustion adjustment scheme is formulated after the combustion state condition of the gas turbine is judged according to the combustion state diagnosis method, a load swing curve and a combustion adjustment method are submitted, and a load coordination plan of a power grid is obtained through the submission.
TABLE I, Combustion flow proportioning parameter table corresponding to GE 9E gas turbine premixed combustion
TABLE II, parameter data table that needs to be recorded when GE 9E gas turbine combustion state analysis diagnosis and adjustment
2. The combustion adjustment load method is divided into the following options: according to the condition that the full load of a 9E gas turbine is about 110MW under the condition that the ambient temperature is 25 ℃ and the standard atmospheric pressure is 1, and according to the condition that the array parameters are distributed according to the fuel flow in the table I, the full load is proportionally reduced to the minimum load point of premixed combustion to divide 4 sections of premixed combustion key load (high, middle, low and downlink near premixed switching load) points, therefore, about 100MW is taken as a high load, 80MW is a middle load, 68MW is a low load and 47MW is a downlink near premixed switching load to carry out lifting load combustion adjustment, during the adjustment period, after analysis and diagnosis are carried out by a combustion state diagnosis method, the flow of a first-stage fuel valve is adjusted in time, relevant data are recorded, finally, a middle value is taken after a first-stage gas valve ratio boundary range value of a combustor is found, and a certain adjustment allowance is reserved for the adjustment of.
3. And (4) descending 4 load sections of 100MW, 80MW, 68MW and 47MW which are divided primarily for combustion adjustment. For example, the combustion reference value is found at 100MW first (TTRF1) at 1061 deg.F greater than FXKTPM 3]2040 deg.F, so the corresponding primary fuel valve has an opening of FXKSPM 3]A medium value 81, a first-stage gas valve ratio value (percentage value) of a combustor corresponding to a current combustion reference temperature is increased by 0.5%, then a current parameter value is recorded after key parameters of a unit combustion state are stabilized at intervals of 3-5 minutes, the current parameter value is upwards adjusted for 6 times respectively by the first-stage gas valve ratio values 81.5, 82, 82.5, 83, 83.5 and 84 of the combustor until the value is increased to 81+3 to 84, the current parameter value is recorded after 4 index data in the diagnosis method are observed to be obviously out of standard in the process of the diagnosis method of the combustion state, then the current parameter value is recorded after the key parameters of the unit combustion state are stabilized at intervals of 3-5 minutes, and the current parameter value is downwards adjusted for 6 times respectively by the first-stage gas valve ratio values 80.5, 80, 79, 79.5, 79, 78.5 and 78 until the first-stage gas valve ratio value of the combustor is reduced to 81-3 to 78, during the period of time if as mentioned aboveThe combustion state diagnosis method observes that the 4 index data in the diagnosis method obviously exceed the standard and must be immediately stopped and returned to the initial value 81, and the ratio of the first-stage gas valve of the combustor is between 80 and 84 in the combustion state diagnosis method to detect NOxAnd CO emissions were satisfactory, so the burner primary gas valve ratio value was averaged to 82 between 80 and 84. And similarly, after the load reduction is analyzed and diagnosed at load points of 80MW, 68MW and 47MW respectively and the primary gas valve matching value of the combustor is adjusted, a proper boundary range is found and the median value is taken.
4. Since the fuel flow distribution constant array of the GE 9E type D L N1.0 (low-carbon combustion) gas turbine has 4 pairs of data, which are respectively 4 combustion reference temperatures and corresponding first-stage gas valve distribution values (percentage values) of the combustor, and thus respectively correspond to 3 data lines, two constant values in the fuel flow distribution constant array interval where the first-stage gas valve distribution values of the combustor are changed to be the same value in the load point adjustment process of 80MW, 68MW and 47MW, for example, the combustion reference value found first at 80MW (TTRF1) is 1030 ° F and greater than FXKTPM [2 MW ] 2]2020 DEG F and less than FXKTPM 3]2040 deg.F, so the current corresponding opening of the primary fuel valve is FXKSPM 2]79.5 and FXKSPM [3]]80.25 between 81, the value of the primary gas valve ratio (percentage value) of the burner corresponding to the current combustion reference temperature is firstly increased by 0.5 percent, namely, FXKSPM 2 is changed simultaneously]80.75 and FXKSPM [3]]After 80.75 times, recording the current parameter value after waiting for the key parameter of the unit combustion state to be stable at intervals of 3-5 minutes, and adjusting upwards for 6 times in such a way to respectively obtain the first-stage gas valve matching value FXKSPM 2 of the combustor]And FXKSPM [3]]At the same time, the method is changed to 80.75, 81.25, 81.75, 82.25, 82.75 and 83.25 until 80.25+3 is equal to 83.25, during which, if the diagnosis method for the combustion state observes that 4 index data in the diagnosis method obviously exceed the standard, the method must be stopped immediately and returns to the initial value of 80.25, then the current parameter value is recorded after the key parameters of the combustion state of the unit are stabilized at intervals of 3-5 minutes, and the ratio values of the primary gas valves of the burners are adjusted downwards for 6 times respectively 79.75, 79.25, 78.75, 78.25, 77.75 and 77.25 until the ratio value of the primary gas valves of the burners is reduced to 80.25-3 equal to 77.25, during which, if the ratio of the primary gas valves of the burners is reduced to 80.25-3 equalThe combustion state diagnosis method observes that 4 index data in the diagnosis method obviously exceed the standard, and the index data are immediately stopped and returned to the initial value of 80.25, wherein the ratio of the first-stage gas valve of the combustor is 76 to 80, and NO is diagnosed and measured by the combustion state methodxAnd CO emission meets the requirements, so that the value of the primary gas valve ratio of the combustor is 78 after taking the median value between 76 and 80, and the method ensures accurate positioning adjustment of the value of the primary gas valve ratio of the combustor in each adjustment.
Meanwhile, in the logic of a 9E type D L N1.0 (low-carbon combustion) gas turbine, two parameters, namely a maximum value FXKSPMMX-FXKSPM [3] ═ 81 and a minimum value FXKSPMMN-FXKSPM [0] ═ 75, correspond to the maximum value and the minimum value of the primary gas valve matching ratio of the combustor in the fuel flow distribution constant respectively, and limit the maximum and minimum matching range of the primary gas valve matching ratio of the combustor, so that in order to complete step 3, the maximum value of the fuel flow distribution must be changed to be an original value +3%, namely FXKSPMMX-81 +3 ═ 84, and the minimum value of the fuel flow distribution must be changed to be an original value-3%, namely FXKSPMMN-75-3 ═ 72 before adjustment.
5. And (3) repeating the steps (3) to (4) to finish the load reduction combustion adjustment of each premixed combustion key load, and then repeating the steps (3) to (4) to finish the load increase combustion adjustment after the load is sequentially increased and passes through the premixed combustion key load (descending near premixed switching, low load, medium load and high load).
6. And (3) repeating the step (3-5) for 2-3 times of combustion adjustment, analyzing and diagnosing all recorded data according to the combustion state diagnosis and analysis method of the gas turbine, determining the boundary range of the primary gas valve matching ratio of the 4 combustors corresponding to the 4 combustion reference temperatures, and sequentially taking intermediate values to reserve a certain margin for the gas matching ratio.
7. Finally, after the engine set stops running, relevant parameters are modified (such as FXKSPM [0] ═ 73, FXKSPM [1] ═ 76, FXKSPM [2] ═ 78, FXKSPM [3] ═ 82, FXKSPMMX ═ 82 and FXKSPMMN ═ 73), and then the engine set is installed in a combustion engine control system, and the whole combustion adjustment process is completed.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A combustion state diagnosis and adjustment method of a gas turbine is characterized by comprising a combustion state diagnosis method and a combustion adjustment method; the method comprises the following specific steps:
a combustion state diagnosis method:
(1) diagnosis of combustion stability:
1) judging the combustion stability by fire detection strength: when the gas turbine is in a premixed combustion working condition, 4 fire detectors arranged in primary combustion chambers of 1, 2, 3 and 14 combustors are normally in a 0 state, and if the existence of flame intensity is detected, the tempering of the combustors or the gas proportioning error of the primary gas valve or the faults of the combustors are indicated; 4 fire detectors arranged in the secondary combustion chambers of 1, 2, 3 and 14 combustors are normally larger than 50% and smaller than 60%, if the fire detectors are smaller than 50%, the combustors are unstable in combustion or the primary gas valve is more in proportion, if the fire detectors are larger than 60%, the primary gas valve of the combustors is less in proportion, insufficient in premixing and strong in combustion, and the combustors are easy to burn;
2) judging the combustion stability by the exhaust gas temperature: when the combustion engine is in a premixed combustion working condition, the difference between the average value of 24 exhaust gas temperatures and a designed exhaust gas temperature value cannot exceed 36 DEG F for a long time, when the average exhaust gas temperature exceeds the design exhaust gas value for 18 DEG F for a long time, the combustion is strong, the first-stage gas valve of the combustor is low in proportioning, and when the average exhaust gas temperature is lower than the design exhaust gas value for 18 DEG F for a long time, the combustion is weak, and the first-stage gas valve of the combustor is large in proportioning;
(2) and (3) combustion emission diagnosis:
1）NOxdata indexes are as follows: emission data NO of combustion enginexReference 15% O2The guaranteed value of (2) is 15ppm, and the normal operation value is 5-10 ppm; thus, when the combustion engine is in normal premixed combustion, NOxThe data is higher than the normal operation value, namely more than 10ppm, which indicates that the first-stage gas valve of the combustor has less proportion, insufficient premixing, strong combustion, high emission and NOxIf the data is lower than the normal operation value, namely less than 10ppm, the data indicate that the primary gas valve of the combustor has more mixture ratio, more premixed gas, weak combustion and easy flameout;
2) CO data index: combustion engine emissions data CO referenced 15% O2A guaranteed value of 25ppm, a normal operating value of 0-8ppm, and a significant reduction in CO emissions due to high flame temperatures; therefore, when the gas turbine is in normal premixed combustion operation, if CO data is higher than a normal operation value for a long time, namely more than 8ppm, the condition that the first-stage gas valve of the combustor has more mixture ratio, more premixed gas, weak combustion, low flame temperature and easy flameout is indicated; if the CO data is lower than the normal operation value for a long time, the first-stage gas valve of the combustor is low in proportion, insufficient in premixing, strong in combustion, high in flame temperature and easy to burn;
secondly, a combustion adjusting method comprises the following steps:
1) collecting key parameters of the combustion state of the unit in advance, preliminarily judging the combustion state condition of the gas turbine according to a combustion state diagnosis method, making a combustion adjustment scheme, submitting a load swing curve and the combustion adjustment method, and reporting to obtain a load matching plan of a power grid;
2) combustion load adjustment mode: dividing 4 sections of premixed combustion key load points by proportionally reducing the full load to the premixed combustion minimum load point to perform load reduction combustion adjustment, increasing the full load to the full load in an equal proportion to perform 4 sections of load-lifting combustion adjustment, and repeating the steps for one to three times until 4 parameters in the combustion state diagnosis method are reached: intensity of fire detection, exhaust gas temperature, NOxThe data and CO data indexes meet the requirements according to the judgment of the combustion state diagnosis method, and then a middle value is taken according to the boundary range value of the primary gas valve ratio of the combustor measured by experiments, so that a certain margin is reserved for the gas ratio;
3) performing combustion adjustment from high to low at a stable 4-section premixed combustion key load point, using a combustor primary gas valve ratio value corresponding to a current combustion reference temperature, increasing by 0.5% firstly, then, waiting for the stability of unit combustion state key parameters at intervals of 3-5 minutes, recording a current parameter value, upwards adjusting for 6 times until the combustor primary gas valve ratio value is increased by 3%, and during the period, if 4 index data observed in the combustion state diagnosis method obviously exceed the standard, stopping immediately and returning to an initial value; then, after the initial first-stage gas valve matching value of the combustor is reduced by 0.5 percent in amplitude, recording the current parameter value after waiting for the stability of the key parameters of the unit combustion state at intervals of 3-5 minutes, and downwards adjusting for 6 times until the first-stage gas valve matching value of the combustor is reduced by 3 percent, wherein if the 4 index data are observed to obviously exceed the standard in the combustion state diagnosis method, the operation must be stopped immediately and returned to the initial value;
4) because the fuel flow distribution constant array of the combustion engine has 4 pairs of data which are respectively 4 combustion reference temperatures and corresponding first-stage gas valve distribution values of the combustor, and also respectively correspond to 4 sections of data lines, the change method of the first-stage gas valve distribution values of the combustor in the step 3) with the amplitude of 0.5% is as follows: simultaneously changing two constant values in a fuel flow distribution constant array interval where the primary gas valve proportioning value of the combustor is positioned into the same value, and ensuring accurate positioning adjustment of the primary gas valve proportioning value of the combustor during each adjustment; there are two parameters in the combustion engine logic at the same time: the maximum value and the minimum value of the fuel flow distribution are respectively corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the primary gas valve distribution ratio of the combustor in the fuel flow distribution constant, so that in order to finish the step 3), the maximum value of the fuel flow distribution is changed to be +3% of the original value, and the minimum value of the fuel flow distribution is changed to be-3% of the original value before adjustment;
5) repeating the steps 3) -4) to finish the load reduction combustion adjustment of each premixed combustion key load, and repeating the steps 3) -4) to finish the load increase combustion adjustment after sequentially increasing the load and passing through the premixed combustion key load point;
6) repeating the steps 3) -5) to perform combustion adjustment for 2-3 times of load reduction and increase, then performing analysis and diagnosis on all recorded data according to the combustion state diagnosis method of the gas turbine, determining the boundary range of the primary gas valve matching values of 4 combustors corresponding to 4 combustion reference temperatures, and sequentially taking intermediate values to reserve a certain margin for gas matching;
7) finally, after the unit is shut down, relevant parameters are modified and then are loaded into a combustion engine control system, and the whole combustion adjustment process is completed.
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