CN109610444B - Suspended pile and construction method thereof, and pile side frictional resistance testing method - Google Patents
Suspended pile and construction method thereof, and pile side frictional resistance testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109610444B CN109610444B CN201910009032.0A CN201910009032A CN109610444B CN 109610444 B CN109610444 B CN 109610444B CN 201910009032 A CN201910009032 A CN 201910009032A CN 109610444 B CN109610444 B CN 109610444B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101150054854 POU1F1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a suspended pile for testing the side frictional resistance of a pile, a construction method of the suspended pile and a method for testing the side frictional resistance of the pile based on the suspended pile, wherein the suspended pile comprises an upper section structure and a lower section structure which are integrally formed, the lower section structure is a testing section, the upper section structure is a free section, and a step surface is formed at the upper end of the testing section; a first displacement extension rod and a second displacement extension rod are pre-embedded in the pile body, the first displacement extension rod and the second displacement extension rod are hollow rods, a core rod is axially inserted into a cavity of each hollow rod, the bottom end of each core rod of the first displacement extension rod penetrates through the hollow rods and is fixed with the bottom of the test section, the bottom end of each core rod of the second displacement extension rod penetrates through the hollow rods and is fixed with the bottom of the free section, and displacement sensors are arranged at the upper ends of the corresponding core rods; and a jack is arranged on the upper end surface of the free section, and a reaction beam is placed on the jacking end surface of the jack. The suspension pile with the simple structure type has the advantages of simple structure, accurate test result and small construction technical difficulty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a pile foundation construction method, and relates to a structural type and a side friction resistance testing method of a suspended pile.
Background
In the prior art, the pile foundation has good stratum penetrability, high vertical and horizontal bearing capacity and deformation-resistant rigidity, so that the pile foundation is widely applied to railways, highways, bridges, buildings and hydraulic engineering of various countries. Piles are often used as a substructure of a building (structure) to transmit loads deep in the ground, which is called a pile foundation.
The side friction resistance is the ratio of the bearing capacity of a foundation-pile foundation interface to the area, is a key parameter in pile foundation design, and the current common test method is a steel bar strain gauge test method. The method comprises the following steps that 1) strain gauges arranged at different positions of a main reinforcement of a pile body are used for measuring the strain of the reinforcement under different levels of loads; 2) on the basis of the assumption of a flat section, the strain of the steel bar is equivalent to the strain of the pile body at the same section; 3) based on the assumption of homogeneity and linear elastic materials, calculating the pile body axial force of each section, namely the linear superposition of the reinforcing steel bar axial force and the concrete axial force at the same section; 4) calculating the axial force difference value of the adjacent section as the resistance contribution of the corresponding section of the foundation-pile foundation interface, and taking the ratio of the axial force difference to the interface area as the side friction resistance under the load grade or displacement; 5) the displacement of a certain section A under a certain load grade is calculated by the difference value of the pile top position and the compression amount of the A-pile top section.
The method for testing the side friction resistance of the pile foundation by using the steel bar strain gauge has the following defects: 1) the strain gauge testing method is based on the assumption of homogeneous and linear materials, the pile body axial force is the linear superposition of the steel bar stress and the concrete stress on the basis of the assumption, the concrete belongs to heterogeneous and nonlinear materials, and the pile foundation serving as a steel bar and concrete composite has stronger heterogeneity; 2) the method belongs to an indirect measurement method, so that the test result can accumulate errors of various links such as environment (temperature, humidity and the like), construction, materials, test and the like, and even the unexplained test result appears. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new testing method to improve the accuracy of testing the side frictional resistance of the pile foundation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a construction method and a structural form of a suspension pile, so as to achieve direct measurement of side friction and displacement of a pile body.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a suspended pile for testing the side friction resistance of a pile comprises a testing pile arranged in a foundation pit, wherein the testing pile is supported in the foundation pit through an anchor plate arranged at the bottom end of the testing pile, and a space is reserved between the anchor plate and the bottom of the foundation pit; the test pile comprises an upper section structure and a lower section structure which are integrally formed, wherein the lower section structure is a test section, the upper section structure is a free section, and the diameter of the free section is smaller than that of the test section, so that a step surface is formed at the upper end of the test section; a first displacement extension rod and a second displacement extension rod are pre-embedded in the pile body, the first displacement extension rod and the second displacement extension rod are hollow rods, a core rod is axially inserted into a cavity of each hollow rod, the bottom end of each core rod of the first displacement extension rod penetrates through the hollow rods and is fixed with the bottom of the test section, the bottom end of each core rod of the second displacement extension rod penetrates through the hollow rods and is fixed with the bottom of the free section, and displacement sensors are arranged at the upper ends of the corresponding core rods; and a jack is arranged on the upper end surface of the free section, and a reaction beam is placed on the jacking end surface of the jack.
Preferably, the anchor plate is suspended and installed in a foundation pit of the foundation through a pull rod, the lower end of the pull rod is fixedly connected with the anchor plate, and the upper end of the pull rod is fixedly connected with a cross arm arranged at an opening of the foundation pit in a spanning mode.
Preferably, a reflecting plate is fixedly arranged at the top end of the core rod, a photoelectric displacement sensor is arranged corresponding to the reflecting surface of the reflecting plate, and the transmitting end and the receiving end of the photoelectric displacement sensor are arranged towards the reflecting plate.
Preferably, a protective sleeve is sleeved on the free section, and the protective sleeve is arranged on the step surface and is coaxial with the testing section.
Preferably, the anchor plate and the headspace are sealed by a sealant.
A construction method of a suspended pile for testing the side frictional resistance of the pile comprises the following steps:
1) excavating a foundation pit on the foundation;
2) the anchor plate is hung to the lower edge of the testing section through a pull rod, and the upper end of the pull rod is fixed to an opening of the foundation pit through a cross arm, so that the anchor plate is hung and installed in the foundation pit;
3) the foaming agent is used as a sealant to seal the anchor plate and the foundation and the gap between the anchor plate and the pull rod;
4) laying a first displacement extension rod and a second displacement extension rod: the first displacement extension rod and the second displacement extension rod are both hollow rods, a core rod penetrates into the hollow rods, the upper ends and the lower ends of the core rod penetrate through the two ends of the hollow rods, and the interaction between the core rod and surrounding concrete is isolated through the hollow rods; welding a T-shaped steel reflecting plate on the top end of the core rod to serve as a displacement test surface;
5) pouring concrete of the test section;
6) the hoisting pile casing is used for isolating the interaction between the free section concrete and the foundation;
7) pouring concrete of the free section;
8) and when the concrete reaches the testing age, respectively arranging displacement sensors above the reflecting plates on the two core rods, erecting a jack at the top end of the free section, and placing a counter-force beam on the jacking end face of the jack.
Preferably, the first displacement extension rod extends vertically downwards from the opening of the foundation pit to the bottom of the test section, and the second displacement extension rod extends vertically downwards from the opening of the foundation pit to the bottom of the free section.
A method for testing the side friction resistance of a pile by using a suspended pile includes providing a counter force for a test by a pile loading method or a counter force anchor pile method through a counter force beam, applying pressure to the lower surface of the counter force beam through the jacking end surface of a jack, enabling the suspended pile to sink towards the bottom of a foundation pit through the counter force provided by the counter force beam, and obtaining a pile side friction resistance test curve of the suspended pile by combining displacement data collected by a displacement sensor at the upper end of any core rod with the contact area between a test section and the pit wall of the foundation pit and the output/load value output by the jack.
Preferably, a pile side frictional resistance test curve of the suspended pile is obtained by combining the average value of displacement data acquired by the displacement sensors at the upper ends of the two core rods with the contact area between the test section and the foundation pit wall and the output force/load value output by the jack.
Preferably, the pile side frictional resistance test curve is obtained by the following formula:
F/A. cndot. equation (1)
S＝(S1+S2) 2. the system of equation (2)
Wherein the jacking force/load of the jack is F; the displacement data collected by the two displacement sensors are respectively recorded as S1、S2(ii) a Recording the contact area of the test section and the wall of the foundation pit as A; the pile side frictional resistance test curve of the suspended pile can be represented on a coordinate plane with the formula (1) as a vertical axis and the formula (2) as a horizontal axis.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages:
1) simple structure
The suspended pile is simple in structure, and the force transmission structure in the testing stage comprises a counter-force beam, a jack, a free section and a testing section.
2) Accurate test result
The resistance of the section of the foundation-pile foundation of the test section is directly measured by the oil pressure of a jack, the top and bottom displacements of the test section are respectively and directly measured by a displacement sensor, and the error of test data is small. Meanwhile, the test sensors are only temporarily arranged at the test stage and are positioned on the earth surface, so that the sensors can be exchanged or debugged at any time as required, and the data acquisition success rate is high.
3) The construction technology has small difficulty
In the stage of pile foundation construction, only conventional excavation, structure lifting and concrete pouring are involved, and the construction technology difficulty is small.
Drawings
FIGS. 1-8 are schematic views of the construction and forming process of the pile side frictional resistance of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a pile side frictional resistance test curve.
In the figure: 1. a foundation; 2. an anchor plate; 3. a pull rod; 4. a cross arm; 5. a sealant; 6. a first displacement extension rod; 7. a second displaceable extension rod; 8. a testing section; 9. protecting the cylinder; 10. a free section; 11. a displacement sensor; 12. a reflective plate; 13. a jack; 14. a reaction beam.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, a foundation pit is excavated on a foundation 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the anchor plate 2 is suspended into the foundation pit through the pull rod 3, and a certain space is reserved between the anchor plate 2 and the bottom of the foundation pit. After the anchor plate 2 is hung in place, the upper end of the pull rod 3 is fixed on a cross arm 4 spanned on the opening of the foundation pit.
As shown in fig. 3, after the anchor plate 2 is erected, the gap between the anchor plate 2 and the foundation pit wall and the fitting gap between the anchor plate 2 and the tie rod 3 are sealed with a sealant 5.
After sealing is completed, the first displacement extension rod 6 and the second displacement extension rod 7 are lowered, as shown in fig. 4. The first displacement extension rod 6 extends from the foundation pit opening to the upper part of the anchor plate 2; the second displacement extension rod 7 extends from the opening of the foundation pit to a position above the middle section of the foundation pit. A core rod is inserted into the hollow channels of the first displacement extension rod 6 and the second displacement extension rod 7, and the core rod penetrates through the lower end openings of the first displacement extension rod 6 and the second displacement extension rod 7.
As shown in fig. 5, after the two displacement extension rods and the core rod are erected, concrete is poured into the foundation pit, and the pouring is stopped after the concrete is poured to a position below the second displacement extension rod 7, so as to form a test section 8.
As shown in fig. 6, after the test section 8 is molded, a casing 9 is placed on the upper end surface of the test section 8.
As shown in fig. 7, concrete is poured into the casing 9 until the upper end opening of the casing 9 forms a free section 10. The diameter of the pile casing 9 is smaller than that of the testing section 8, so that an annular space is formed between the outer wall of the pile casing 9 and the pit wall of the foundation pit, and the contact between the pile casing 9 and the pit wall of the foundation pit is isolated.
Steel sheets are horizontally installed at the upper ends of the two core rods as a reflecting plate 12.
And after the concrete foundation is poured, maintaining the concrete foundation to form the suspended pile.
As shown in fig. 8, after the pile to be suspended reaches the testing age, a jack 13 is arranged above the free section 10, a reaction beam 14 is arranged on the jacking end face of the jack 13, and two displacement sensors 11 are arranged corresponding to the reflecting plates 12 on the two core rods, so that a test experiment of the pile side friction resistance can be performed.
The test method is as follows:
a method for testing the side friction resistance of a pile by using a suspended pile comprises the steps that a counterforce beam 14 provides counterforce for a test through a pile loading method or a counterforce anchor pile method, pressure is applied to the lower surface of the counterforce beam 14 through the jacking end surface of a jack 13, then the suspended pile is made to sink towards the bottom of a foundation pit of a foundation 1 through the counterforce provided by the counterforce beam 14, and a pile side friction resistance test curve of the suspended pile is obtained through displacement data collected by a displacement sensor 11 at the upper end of any core rod in combination with the contact area between a test section 8 and the wall of the foundation pit and the output force/load value output by the jack 13.
And obtaining a pile side frictional resistance test curve of the suspended pile by combining the average value of displacement data acquired by the displacement sensors 11 at the upper ends of the two core rods with the contact area between the test section 8 and the pit wall of the foundation pit and the output force/load value output by the jack 13.
The pile side frictional resistance test curve is obtained by the following formula:
F/A. cndot. equation (1)
S＝(S1+S2) 2. the system of equation (2)
Wherein, the jacking output/load of the jack 13 is F; the displacement data collected by the two displacement sensors 11 are respectively recorded as S1、S2(ii) a Recording the contact area of the test section 8 and the foundation pit wall of the foundation pit 1 as A; the pile side frictional resistance test curve of the suspended pile can be represented on a coordinate plane with formula (1) as a vertical axis and formula (2) as a horizontal axis (as shown in fig. 9).
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A suspended pile for testing the side frictional resistance of a pile is characterized by comprising a testing pile arranged in a foundation pit, wherein the testing pile is supported in the foundation pit through an anchor plate arranged at the bottom end of the testing pile, and a space is reserved between the anchor plate and the bottom of the foundation pit; the test pile comprises an upper section structure and a lower section structure which are integrally formed, wherein the lower section structure is a test section, the upper section structure is a free section, and the diameter of the free section is smaller than that of the test section, so that a step surface is formed at the upper end of the test section; a first displacement extension rod and a second displacement extension rod are pre-embedded in the pile body, the first displacement extension rod and the second displacement extension rod are hollow rods, a core rod is axially inserted into a cavity of each hollow rod, the bottom end of each core rod of the first displacement extension rod penetrates through the hollow rods and is fixed with the bottom of the test section, the bottom end of each core rod of the second displacement extension rod penetrates through the hollow rods and is fixed with the bottom of the free section, and displacement sensors are arranged at the upper ends of the corresponding core rods; and a jack is arranged on the upper end surface of the free section, and a reaction beam is placed on the jacking end surface of the jack.
2. The hanging pile for the pile side frictional resistance test according to claim 1, wherein the anchor plate is installed in a foundation pit of a foundation in a hanging manner through a pull rod, the lower end of the pull rod is fixedly connected with the anchor plate, and the upper end of the pull rod is fixedly connected with a cross arm which spans an opening of the foundation pit.
3. The hanging pile for the test of the side frictional resistance of the pile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a reflection plate is fixedly arranged at the top end of the core rod, a photoelectric displacement sensor is arranged corresponding to the reflection surface of the reflection plate, and the transmitting end and the receiving end of the photoelectric displacement sensor are arranged towards the reflection plate.
4. The hanging pile for the test of the side frictional resistance of the pile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a casing is sleeved on the free section, and the casing is arranged on the step surface and is coaxial with the test section.
5. The flying pile for the test of the pile side frictional resistance according to claim 2, wherein the anchor plate and the reserved space are sealed by a sealant.
6. A method of constructing a suspended pile for testing the side frictional resistance of a pile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
1) excavating a foundation pit on the foundation;
2) the anchor plate is hung to the lower edge of the testing section through a pull rod, and the upper end of the pull rod is fixed to an opening of the foundation pit through a cross arm, so that the anchor plate is hung and installed in the foundation pit;
3) the foaming agent is used as a sealant to seal the anchor plate and the foundation and the gap between the anchor plate and the pull rod;
4) laying a first displacement extension rod and a second displacement extension rod: the first displacement extension rod and the second displacement extension rod are both hollow rods, a core rod penetrates into the hollow rods, the upper ends and the lower ends of the core rod penetrate through the two ends of the hollow rods, and the interaction between the core rod and surrounding concrete is isolated through the hollow rods; welding a T-shaped steel reflecting plate on the top end of the core rod to serve as a displacement test surface;
5) pouring concrete of the test section;
6) the hoisting pile casing is used for isolating the interaction between the free section concrete and the foundation;
7) pouring concrete of the free section;
8) and when the concrete reaches the testing age, respectively arranging displacement sensors above the reflecting plates on the two core rods, erecting a jack at the top end of the free section, and placing a counter-force beam on the jacking end face of the jack.
7. The method of constructing a suspended pile for testing the pile side frictional resistance according to claim 6, wherein the first displacement extension rod extends vertically downward from the opening of the foundation pit to the bottom of the test section, and the second displacement extension rod extends vertically downward from the opening of the foundation pit to the bottom of the free section.
8. A method for testing the pile side friction resistance by using the suspension pile of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the reaction beam provides reaction force for the test by a pile loading method or a reaction force anchor pile method, pressure is applied to the lower surface of the reaction beam by the jacking end surface of the jack, then the suspension pile is sunk towards the bottom of the foundation pit of the foundation by the reaction force provided by the reaction beam, and a pile side friction resistance test curve of the suspension pile is obtained by combining displacement data collected by a displacement sensor at the upper end of any core rod with the contact area between the test section and the pit wall of the foundation pit and the output force/load value output by the jack.
9. The method for testing the pile side friction resistance by using the suspended pile as claimed in claim 8, wherein the pile side friction resistance test curve of the suspended pile is obtained by combining the average value of the displacement data collected by the displacement sensors at the upper ends of the two core rods with the contact area between the test section and the wall of the foundation pit and the output force/load value output by the jack.
10. The method for testing the pile side frictional resistance by using the suspended pile according to claim 8, wherein the pile side frictional resistance test curve is obtained by the following formula:
f=F/Athe solution is shown in formula (1)
S=(S 1 +S 2 ) 2. the system of equation (2)
Wherein the jack has a jacking force/load meterF(ii) a The displacement data collected by the two displacement sensors are respectively recorded asS 1 、S 2 (ii) a The contact area of the test section and the pit wall of the foundation pit is recorded asA(ii) a The pile side frictional resistance test curve of the suspended pile can be represented on a coordinate plane with the formula (1) as a vertical axis and the formula (2) as a horizontal axis.
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| CN110258663A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-20 | 广东天信电力工程检测有限公司 | A kind of device for verifying foundation pile internal force test result and the method for solving using its verification result |
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| GB2401189A (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2004-11-03 | Roxbury Ltd | Friction and bearing force testing apparatus |
| CN105507352B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2017-09-29 | 江苏城工建设科技有限公司 | Pile tube fills the live self-balancing pullout tests method of core |
| CN105735378B (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2017-06-09 | 湖北工业大学 | A kind of vertical bearing capacity tests reverse self-balancing approach and experimental rig |
| CN205776417U (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-12-07 | 中建四局第一建筑工程有限公司 | A kind of novel unit for single-pile vertical anti-pulling static loading experiment device |
| CN108716225A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-10-30 | 广东天信电力工程检测有限公司 | A kind of novel club-footed pile test device for multifunctional and method |
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