CN109605776B - Method for forming fiber winding solidified rocket motor multiphase heat insulating layer - Google Patents
Method for forming fiber winding solidified rocket motor multiphase heat insulating layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109605776B CN109605776B CN201811360257.2A CN201811360257A CN109605776B CN 109605776 B CN109605776 B CN 109605776B CN 201811360257 A CN201811360257 A CN 201811360257A CN 109605776 B CN109605776 B CN 109605776B
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- ethylene propylene
- diene monomer
- propylene diene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/24—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least three directions forming a three dimensional structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
- B29C70/545—Perforating, cutting or machining during or after moulding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3097—Cosmonautical vehicles; Rockets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/748—Machines or parts thereof not otherwise provided for
- B29L2031/749—Motors
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
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- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for forming a multiphase heat insulating layer of a fiber winding curing rocket engine, wherein the multiphase heat insulating layer is formed by ablation-resistant ethylene propylene diene monomer and phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional weaved bodies, so that on one hand, the ablation resistance of the heat insulating material can be improved under the condition of not increasing the thickness of the heat insulating layer, the passive quality of an engine shell is reduced, and the mass ratio of the engine is improved; on the other hand, the multi-layer patch mode and the sandwich structure design are adopted, and the formed multi-phase heat-insulating material has better manufacturability; and two times of prepressing are carried out, so that on one hand, gas between two heat insulating materials and between ethylene propylene diene monomer film layers is discharged, on the other hand, the three-dimensional woven body of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber is well attached to the interfaces of the heat insulating layers at the upper and lower positions, and the defects of bulging, gas inclusion, debonding and the like between the ethylene propylene diene monomer and the multiphase heat insulating materials of the three-dimensional woven body of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber are prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing of a heat insulating material in a fiber-wound solid rocket engine, and particularly relates to a method for forming a fiber-wound curing rocket engine multiphase heat insulating layer.
Background
The inner heat insulation layer material is used as a protective layer of the combustion chamber of the solid rocket engine, has high temperature ablation resistance, high-speed heat flow scouring resistance and good mechanical properties, prevents high-temperature and high-pressure gas from reducing the strength of the shell and endangering the structural integrity of the shell, plays a role in heat insulation and heat protection on the shell of the combustion chamber, and is a key component for ensuring the normal work of the rocket engine.
In recent years, with the new demand of high-performance rocket engines, high speed and high overload are becoming important development trends of high-performance tactical missiles, and the requirements on long-time, oxidation resistance and scouring resistance of heat-insulating materials are more strict; if the ablation resistance of the engine can be improved from two aspects, on one hand, the thickness of the heat insulating material can be increased, but the increase of the thickness can improve the passive quality of the engine, so that the quality of the engine is reduced; on the other hand, the production of the thermal insulation layer can be carried out by using a material which is more resistant to ablation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for forming a fiber winding curing rocket motor multiphase thermal insulation layer, which can ensure the thickness of the thermal insulation layer and improve the ablation resistance, aiming at the defects of the technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for forming a multiphase heat insulation layer of a fiber winding curing rocket motor, wherein the multiphase heat insulation layer consists of ablation-resistant ethylene propylene diene monomer and phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven bodies, and the forming method comprises the following steps:
1) surface treatment of core mold
Cleaning dust on the surface of a core mold for forming an engine shell, and winding or sticking a polytetrafluoroethylene layer on the surface of the core mold;
2) first pretreatment
2a) Pre-baking: placing the pre-cured phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body into a drying oven for pre-drying, wherein the pre-drying process is 80-100 ℃/2-4 h;
2b) preheating: adjusting the temperature of the heating platform to 5 +/-10 ℃, and placing a plurality of ethylene propylene diene monomer films and a pre-dried phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body on the heating platform for preheating;
3) first time paster
3a) Brushing glue: pre-brushing a layer of adhesive corresponding to the interface on the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene layer of the core mould and one surface of the ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the step 3b), and airing until the surfaces are not sticky;
3b) sticking ethylene propylene diene monomer film: pasting the glue brushing surface of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 3a) to the glue brushing surface of the core mould polytetrafluoroethylene layer; brushing an adhesive on the other side of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film, and pasting the brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 3a) to the brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film; sequentially pasting the glue brushing surface of the last ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 3a) to the glue brushing surface of the penultimate ethylene propylene diene monomer film;
3c) brushing glue: coating the other surface of the ethylene propylene diene monomer film on the outermost layer pasted on the surface of the core mould and the surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven fabric with a corresponding adhesive; drying the brush until the brush is not sticky;
3d) fixing the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body: firstly, fixing the width position of a phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body to the surface of a position to be pasted of an ethylene propylene diene monomer film on the outermost layer of the surface of a core mould by using a polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape;
3e) phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body paster: pasting the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body along the circumferential direction, driving air during pasting, ensuring that the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body is pasted with an ethylene propylene diene monomer film below, finally connecting the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body end to end, taking down a polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape for fixing the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body, and pasting and fixing the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body end to end by using the polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape;
4) first pre-pressing and pre-baking
4a) Pre-pressing for the first time: winding a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film on the surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body in the step 3e) in the circumferential direction, and winding a glass fiber layer outside the multi-phase heat insulation layer intermediate obtained in the step 3e) by using a winding machine;
4b) pre-baking for the first time: placing the multiphase heat insulation layer in the step 4a) in an oven for heat treatment at the temperature of 80-100 ℃/2-4 h;
5) first cleaning
6) Second time paster
6a) Preheating: adjusting the temperature of the heating platform to 55 +/-10 ℃, and placing a plurality of ethylene propylene diene monomer films on the heating platform for preheating;
6b) brushing glue: pre-brushing a layer of adhesive corresponding to an interface on the outer surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body and one surface of the ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the step 6 a); drying after brushing, and drying to a non-sticky state;
6c) sticking ethylene propylene diene monomer film: taking the axial position of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional braid as a reference, attaching the glue brushing surface of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 6b) to the glue brushing surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional braid, wherein the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film is required to cover the overlapping edge of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional braid; brushing an adhesive on the other side of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film, and pasting the brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 6b) to the brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film; pasting the glue brushing surface of the last ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 6a) to the glue brushing surface of the penultimate ethylene propylene diene monomer film in sequence;
7) second prepressing and prebaking
7a) And (3) pre-pressing for the second time: winding a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film on the surface of the last ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 6c), and winding a glass fiber layer outside the multi-phase heat-insulating layer intermediate obtained in the step 7c) by using a winding machine;
7b) pre-baking: placing the multiphase heat insulation layer obtained in the step 7a) for 4-8 h for prepressing, or placing the multiphase heat insulation layer in an oven for heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 80-100 ℃/2-4 h;
8) second cleaning
9) And (5) correcting, pressurizing and curing.
Furthermore, the environment temperature of the molding method is 25 +/-10 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than or equal to 75%.
Further, the preparation process of the ethylene propylene diene monomer film specifically comprises the following steps:
and (3) sheet discharging: firstly, adjusting the distance between rollers of a rubber mixing mill to 2-3 mm, pretreating the ethylene propylene diene monomer heat-insulating material through the rubber mixing mill, mixing back and forth for 3-4 times, then adjusting the distance between the rollers, and preparing a plurality of ethylene propylene diene monomer films according to the thickness sizes of 0.5 +/-0.1 mm and 2 +/-0.1 mm;
cutting: determining the overall expansion size of the ethylene propylene diene monomer film according to the outer diameter and the length of the core die, taking 4-20 ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the circumferential direction, cutting each ethylene propylene diene monomer film to be adhered according to the requirement of 300-500 mm in width, reserving 10-15 mm lap joint parts on all ethylene propylene diene monomer films with the thickness of less than or equal to 1.5mm, and reserving groove making parts on all ethylene propylene diene monomer films with the thickness of more than or equal to 1.5 mm;
cleaning: and cleaning and airing all the cut ethylene propylene diene monomer films by using ethyl acetate and clean wool-free paper, and isolating every two adjacent ethylene propylene diene monomer films by using clean isolation cloth after airing to prevent the two adjacent ethylene propylene diene monomer films from being adhered.
Further, in the step 2a), the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body is taken out of the oven 0.3-0.5 h before use.
Further, in the step 4a), the tension of the single yarn during winding is 15-30N.
Further, in the step 5), the specific process of the first cleaning is as follows: cleaning a glass fiber layer: and cutting off and cleaning fibers on the surface of the multiphase heat insulation layer, cleaning a polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape at the lap joint position of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body, and cleaning and drying the surface of the whole multiphase heat insulation layer by using ethyl acetate.
Further, in the step 7a), the tension of the single yarn during winding is 15-30N.
Further, in the step 8), the specific process of the second cleaning is as follows: cutting off and cleaning fibers on the surface of the multiphase heat insulation layer, and cleaning a polytetrafluoroethylene film outside the multiphase heat insulation layer; and cleaning and airing the surface of the whole multiphase thermal insulation layer by using ethyl acetate.
Further, in the step 9), the concrete processes of correcting, pressurizing and curing are as follows:
9a) and (3) finishing the multiphase heat insulating layer: polishing the convex part of the multiphase heat insulation layer by using a polishing machine, repairing the concave part by using an ethylene propylene diene monomer heat insulation material, and connecting by using an adhesive;
9b) pressurizing the multiphase heat insulating layer: immersing carbon fibers into a resin material, and winding the carbon fibers attached with the resin material on the surface of the multiphase heat insulating layer obtained in the step 10 a);
9c) curing the multiphase heat insulating layer: and (3) placing the multiphase heat insulation layer obtained in the step 9b) at room temperature for 1-3 h, then placing the multiphase heat insulation layer into an oven to be cured at 50-90 ℃ for 2-4 h, at 100-130 ℃ for 2-4 h and at 140-170 ℃ for 4-10 h, finally cooling to room temperature, removing the core shaft and the core mold, and manufacturing the required fiber winding cured rocket engine multiphase heat insulation layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the multiphase heat-insulating material prepared by using the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body and the ethylene propylene diene monomer in a matching manner can improve the ablation resistance of the heat-insulating material under the condition of not increasing the thickness of the heat-insulating layer, reduce the passive quality of the engine shell and improve the mass ratio of the engine; on the other hand, the multi-layer patch mode and the sandwich structure design are adopted, and the formed multi-phase heat-insulating material has better manufacturability;
2) and two times of prepressing are carried out, so that on one hand, gas between two heat insulating materials and between ethylene propylene diene monomer film layers is discharged, on the other hand, the three-dimensional woven body of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber is well attached to the interfaces of the heat insulating layers at the upper and lower positions, and the defects of bulging, gas inclusion, debonding and the like between the ethylene propylene diene monomer and the multiphase heat insulating materials of the three-dimensional woven body of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber are prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing a three-dimensional woven carbon fiber structure impregnated with a phenolic resin in an example;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the multiphase thermal insulation layer of an example after completion of its production.
Detailed Description
The invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The forming method of the multiphase heat insulating layer of the fiber winding curing rocket engine comprises the following steps:
1) environmental temperature and humidity control and core mold surface treatment
Using an air conditioner or a dehumidifier to adjust the environmental temperature of the multiphase heat insulating layer to 25 +/-10 ℃ and the relative humidity to be less than or equal to 75 percent; cleaning dust on the surface of a core mold for forming the engine shell, winding or sticking a polytetrafluoroethylene layer on the surface of the core mold, and isolating the multiphase heat insulation layer from the core mold;
2) preparation of ethylene propylene diene monomer film
2a) And (3) sheet discharging: firstly, adjusting the distance between rollers of a rubber mixing mill to 2-3 mm, pretreating the ethylene propylene diene monomer heat-insulating material through the rubber mixing mill, mixing back and forth for 3-4 times, then adjusting the distance between the rollers, and preparing a plurality of ethylene propylene diene monomer films according to the thickness sizes of 0.5 +/-0.1 mm and 2 +/-0.1 mm;
2b) cutting: determining the overall expansion size of the ethylene propylene diene monomer film according to the outer diameter and the length of the core die, taking 4-20 ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the circumferential direction, cutting each ethylene propylene diene monomer film to be adhered according to the requirement of 300-500 mm in width, reserving 10-15 mm lap joint parts on all ethylene propylene diene monomer films with the thickness of less than or equal to 1.5mm, and reserving groove making parts on all ethylene propylene diene monomer films with the thickness of more than or equal to 1.5 mm;
2c) cleaning: cleaning and airing all the ethylene propylene diene monomer films cut by using ethyl acetate and clean wool-free paper, and isolating every two adjacent ethylene propylene diene monomer films by using clean isolation cloth after airing to prevent the two adjacent ethylene propylene diene monomer films from being adhered;
3) first pretreatment
3a) Pre-baking: placing the pre-cured phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body into a drying oven for pre-drying, wherein the pre-drying process is 80-100 ℃/2-4 h, and in order to ensure that the material has good manufacturability, the material can be taken out of the drying oven 0.3-0.5 h before being used; in the pre-drying process, if the temperature is lower than 80 ℃, the softening effect on the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body cannot be achieved, the material is still hard, the manufacturability of the material cannot be improved, and if the temperature is higher than 100 ℃ and the time is longer than 4 hours, small molecules in the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body are released, the material is inactivated, and the material bonding quality is influenced;
3b) preheating: adjusting the temperature of a heating platform to 55 +/-10 ℃, and placing a plurality of ethylene propylene diene monomer films and a pre-dried phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body which are taken from the ethylene propylene diene monomer films cleaned in the step 2c) on the heating platform for preheating;
4) first time paster
4a) Brushing glue: pre-brushing a layer of adhesive of a corresponding interface on the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene layer of the core mould and one surface of the ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the step 3b), and airing for 8-10 min until the core mould is not sticky;
4b) sticking ethylene propylene diene monomer film: pasting the glue brushing surface of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 4a) to the glue brushing surface of the core mould polytetrafluoroethylene layer, wherein a laser projector is used as an axial position reference during pasting; brushing an adhesive on the other side of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film, pasting the glue brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 4a) onto the glue brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film, and using a laser projector as an axial position reference during pasting; pasting the glue brushing surface of the last ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 4a) to the glue brushing surface of the penultimate ethylene propylene diene monomer film in sequence, wherein a laser projector is used as an axial position reference during pasting;
4c) brushing glue: coating the other surface of the outermost ethylene propylene diene monomer film pasted on the surface of the core mould and the surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven fabric with a corresponding adhesive, wherein the adhesive is required to be uniformly coated without leakage; drying after brushing, and drying to a non-sticky state for 8-10 min;
4d) fixing the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body: firstly, fixing the width position of a phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body to the surface of a position to be pasted of an ethylene propylene diene monomer film on the outermost layer of the surface of a core mould by using a polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape, and using a laser projector as a reference during pasting;
4e) phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body paster: pasting the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body along the circumferential direction according to a datum line of a laser projector, driving gas during pasting to ensure that the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body is pasted with an ethylene propylene diene monomer film below, finally connecting the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body end to end, taking down a polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape for fixing the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body, and pasting and fixing the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body at the connection position of the end to end by using the polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape;
5) first pre-pressing and pre-baking
5a) Pre-pressing for the first time: winding a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film on the surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body in the step 4e), and winding a glass fiber layer on the outer part of the multi-phase heat insulation layer intermediate obtained in the step 4e) by using a winding machine, wherein the tension of single-stranded yarns is 15-30N during winding;
5b) pre-baking for the first time: placing the multiphase heat insulation layer in the step 5a) in an oven for heat treatment at the temperature of 80-100 ℃/2-4 h, and then cooling to below 50 ℃ along with the furnace and discharging;
6) first cleaning
Cleaning a glass fiber layer: cutting off and cleaning fibers on the surface of the multiphase thermal insulation layer, cleaning a polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape at the lap joint position of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body, and cleaning and airing the surface of the whole multiphase thermal insulation layer by using ethyl acetate;
7) second time paster
7a) Preheating: adjusting the temperature of the heating platform to 5 +/-10 ℃, and placing a plurality of ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the ethylene propylene diene monomer films cleaned in the step 2c) on the heating platform for preheating;
7b) brushing glue: pre-brushing a layer of adhesive corresponding to an interface on the outer surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body and one surface of the ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the step 7a), wherein the adhesive is required to be brushed uniformly without leakage; drying after brushing, and drying to a non-sticky state for 8-10 min;
7c) sticking ethylene propylene diene monomer film: taking the axial position of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional braid as a reference, attaching the glue brushing surface of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 7b) to the glue brushing surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional braid, wherein the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film is required to cover the overlapping edge of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional braid; brushing an adhesive on the other side of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film, and pasting the brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 7b) to the brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film; pasting the glue brushing surface of the last ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 7a) to the glue brushing surface of the penultimate ethylene propylene diene monomer film in sequence;
8) second prepressing and prebaking
8a) And (3) pre-pressing for the second time: winding a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film on the surface of the last ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 7c), and winding a glass fiber layer on the outer part of the multi-phase heat insulation layer intermediate obtained in the step 7c) by using a winding machine, wherein the tension of single-stranded yarns is 15-30N during winding;
8b) pre-baking: placing the multiphase heat insulation layer obtained in the step 8a) for 4-8 h for prepressing, or placing the multiphase heat insulation layer in an oven for heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 80-100 ℃/2-4 h, and cooling to below 50 ℃ along with the furnace to discharge;
9) second cleaning
Cutting off and cleaning fibers on the surface of the multiphase heat insulation layer, and cleaning a polytetrafluoroethylene film outside the multiphase heat insulation layer; cleaning and airing the surface of the whole multi-phase heat insulation layer by using ethyl acetate;
10) correction, pressurization and curing
10a) And (3) finishing the multiphase heat insulating layer: polishing the convex part of the multiphase heat insulation layer by using a polishing machine, repairing the concave part by using an ethylene propylene diene monomer heat insulation material, and connecting by using an adhesive;
10b) pressurizing the multiphase heat insulating layer: immersing carbon fibers into a resin material, and winding the carbon fibers attached with the resin material on the surface of the multiphase heat insulating layer obtained in the step 10 a);
10c) curing the multiphase heat insulating layer: and (3) placing the multiphase heat insulation layer obtained in the step 10b) at room temperature for 1-3 h, then placing the multiphase heat insulation layer into an oven to be cured for 2-4 h at 50-90 ℃, for 2-4 h at 100-130 ℃ and for 4-10 h at 140-170 ℃, cooling to room temperature, removing the core shaft and the core mold, and manufacturing the required fiber winding cured rocket motor multiphase heat insulation layer.
The multiphase heat-insulating material prepared by using the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body and the ethylene propylene diene monomer in a matching manner can improve the ablation resistance of the heat-insulating material under the condition of not increasing the thickness of the heat-insulating layer, reduce the passive quality of the engine shell and improve the mass ratio of the engine; on the other hand, the multi-layer patch mode and the sandwich structure design are adopted, and the formed multi-phase heat-insulating material has better manufacturability;
the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body is pre-pressed for one time after being pasted, and the purpose is to discharge gas between the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body and the surface of an ethylene propylene diene monomer film below the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body and ensure the interface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body and the surface of the ethylene propylene diene monomer film to be attached; after all the multiphase heat insulation layers are manufactured, prepressing is carried out again, and the purpose is to discharge gas between ethylene propylene diene monomer films above the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body and ensure that the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body is well attached to the interfaces of the heat insulation layers at the upper position and the lower position. If only one-time prepressing is carried out or no prepressing is carried out, the prepared three-dimensional carbon fiber woven body multi-phase heat-insulating material impregnated by the ethylene propylene diene monomer and the phenolic resin has the defects of bulging, air inclusion, debonding and the like.
The method for forming the multi-phase thermal insulation layer of the filament winding curing rocket motor is explained in detail by combining specific examples and test results.
Examples
1) Environmental temperature and humidity control and core mold surface treatment
Using an air conditioner or a dehumidifier to adjust the environmental temperature of the multiphase heat insulating layer to 25 +/-3 ℃ and the relative humidity to be less than or equal to 75 percent; cleaning dust on the surface of a core mold for forming the engine shell, and winding or sticking a polytetrafluoroethylene layer on the surface of the core mold;
2) preparation of ethylene propylene diene monomer film
2a) And (3) sheet discharging: firstly, adjusting the distance between rollers of a rubber mixing machine to 2.5mm, pretreating the ethylene propylene diene monomer heat-insulating material through the rubber mixing machine, mixing back and forth for 3 times, then adjusting the distance between the rollers, and preparing a plurality of ethylene propylene diene monomer films according to the thickness sizes of 0.5mm and 2 mm;
2b) cutting: determining the overall expansion size of the ethylene propylene diene monomer film according to the outer diameter and the length of the core die, taking 10 ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the circumferential direction, cutting each ethylene propylene diene monomer film to be adhered according to the requirement of 400mm in width, reserving lap joint parts of 10mm on all ethylene propylene diene monomer films with the thickness of 0.5mm, and reserving groove manufacturing parts on all ethylene propylene diene monomer films with the thickness of 2 mm;
2c) cleaning: cleaning and airing all the ethylene propylene diene monomer films cut by using ethyl acetate and clean hairless paper, and isolating every two adjacent ethylene propylene diene monomer films by using clean isolation cloth after airing;
3) first pretreatment
3a) Pre-baking: putting the pre-cured phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body into a drying oven for pre-drying, wherein the pre-drying process is 90 ℃/3h, and in order to ensure that the material has better manufacturability, the material can be taken out of the drying oven 0.5h before being used;
3b) preheating: adjusting the temperature of a heating platform to 60 ℃, and placing 5 ethylene propylene diene monomer films and a pre-dried phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body which are taken from the cleaned ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the step 2c) on the heating platform for preheating;
4) first time paster
4a) Brushing glue: pre-brushing a layer of adhesive of a corresponding interface on the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene layer of the core mould and one surface of the 5 sheets of ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the step 3b), and airing for 8-10 min until the core mould is not sticky;
4b) sticking ethylene propylene diene monomer film: pasting the glue brushing surface of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 4a) to the glue brushing surface of the core mould polytetrafluoroethylene layer, wherein a laser projector is used as an axial position reference during pasting; brushing an adhesive on the other side of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film, pasting the glue brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 4a) onto the glue brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film, and using a laser projector as an axial position reference during pasting; pasting the glue brushing surface of the last ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 4a) to the glue brushing surface of the penultimate ethylene propylene diene monomer film in sequence, wherein a laser projector is used as an axial position reference during pasting;
4c) brushing glue: coating the other surface of the outermost ethylene propylene diene monomer film pasted on the surface of the core mould and the surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven fabric with a corresponding adhesive, wherein the adhesive is required to be uniformly coated without leakage; drying after brushing, and drying to a non-sticky state for 8-10 min;
4d) fixing the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body: firstly, fixing the width position of a phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body to the surface of a position to be pasted of an ethylene propylene diene monomer film on the outermost layer of the surface of a core mould by using a polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape, and using a laser projector as a reference during pasting;
4e) phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body paster: pasting the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body along the circumferential direction according to a datum line of a laser projector, driving gas during pasting to ensure that the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body is attached to an ethylene propylene diene monomer film below, finally connecting the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body end to end, taking down a polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape for fixing the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body, and pasting and fixing the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body at the position of the end to end connection by using the polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape, as shown in figure 1;
5) first pre-pressing and pre-baking
5a) Pre-pressing for the first time: winding a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film on the surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body in the step 4e), and winding a glass fiber layer on the outer part of the multi-phase heat-insulating layer intermediate obtained in the step 4e) by using a winding machine, wherein the tension of single-strand yarns is 20N during winding;
5b) pre-baking for the first time: placing the multiphase heat insulation layer obtained in the step 5a) in an oven for heat treatment at the temperature of 90 ℃/3h, and then cooling to below 50 ℃ along with the furnace and discharging;
6) first cleaning
Cleaning a glass fiber layer: cutting off and cleaning fibers on the surface of the multiphase thermal insulation layer, cleaning a polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape at the lap joint position of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body, and cleaning and airing the surface of the whole multiphase thermal insulation layer by using ethyl acetate;
7) second time paster
7a) Preheating: adjusting the temperature of a heating platform to 10 ℃, and placing the last 5 ethylene propylene diene monomer films which are cleaned in the step 2c) on the heating platform for preheating;
7b) brushing glue: pre-brushing a layer of adhesive of a corresponding interface on the outer surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body and one surface of the 5 sheets of ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the step 7a), wherein the adhesive is required to be brushed uniformly without leakage; drying after brushing, and drying to a non-sticky state for 8-10 min;
7c) sticking ethylene propylene diene monomer film: taking the axial position of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional braid as a reference, attaching the glue brushing surface of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 7b) to the glue brushing surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional braid, wherein the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film is required to cover the overlapping edge of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional braid; brushing an adhesive on the other side of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film, and pasting the brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 7b) to the brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film; pasting the glue brushing surface of the last ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 7a) to the glue brushing surface of the penultimate ethylene propylene diene monomer film in sequence;
8) second prepressing and prebaking
8a) And (3) pre-pressing for the second time: winding a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film on the surface of the last ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 7c), and winding a glass fiber layer on the outer part of the multi-phase heat-insulating layer intermediate obtained in the step 7c) by using a winding machine, wherein the tension of single-stranded yarns is 20N during winding;
8b) pre-baking: placing the multiphase heat insulating layer obtained in the step 8a) for 6 hours for prepressing or placing the multiphase heat insulating layer in a baking oven for heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 90 ℃/3 hours, and cooling the multiphase heat insulating layer to below 50 ℃ along with the furnace to discharge the multiphase heat insulating layer;
9) second cleaning
Cutting off and cleaning fibers on the surface of the multiphase heat insulation layer, and cleaning a polytetrafluoroethylene film outside the multiphase heat insulation layer; cleaning and airing the surface of the whole multi-phase heat insulation layer by using ethyl acetate;
10) correction, pressurization and curing
10a) And (3) finishing the multiphase heat insulating layer: polishing the convex part of the multiphase heat insulation layer by using a polishing machine, repairing the concave part by using an ethylene propylene diene monomer heat insulation material, and connecting by using an adhesive;
10b) pressurizing the multiphase heat insulating layer: immersing carbon fibers into a resin material, and winding the carbon fibers attached with the resin material on the surface of the multiphase heat insulating layer obtained in the step 10 a);
10c) curing the multiphase heat insulating layer: and (3) placing the multiphase heat insulation layer obtained in the step 10b) at room temperature for 1-3 h, then placing the multiphase heat insulation layer into an oven to be cured for 3h at 80 ℃, 3h at 120 ℃ and 6h at 160 ℃, cooling to room temperature, removing the core shaft and the core mold, and manufacturing the required fiber winding cured rocket motor multiphase heat insulation layer as shown in figure 2.
The ablation rate of the ethylene propylene diene monomer-phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body multiphase thermal insulation material prepared by the fiber winding and curing rocket motor multiphase thermal insulation layer forming method is obviously higher than that of the ethylene propylene diene monomer thermal insulation material, and the GJB323A is used for detecting the oxyacetylene ablation rate, so that the average value of the line ablation rate of the ethylene propylene diene monomer thermal insulation material is 0.087mm/s, and the average value of the line ablation rate of the multiphase thermal insulation material prepared by the scheme is 0.052mm/s and is reduced by about 40%; meanwhile, the bonding interface strength between the ethylene propylene diene monomer and the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body is examined, the preparation and performance test of a pull-apart and shear sample are respectively carried out according to QJ2038.1A and QJ2038.2, and the detection results are shown in Table 1.
Claims (5)
1. A method for forming a fiber winding solidified rocket engine multiphase heat insulation layer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the multiphase heat insulation layer is composed of ablation-resistant ethylene propylene diene monomer and phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven bodies, and the forming method comprises the following steps:
1) surface treatment of core mold
Cleaning dust on the surface of a core mold for forming an engine shell, and winding or sticking a polytetrafluoroethylene layer on the surface of the core mold;
2) first pretreatment
2a) Pre-baking: placing the pre-cured phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body into a drying oven for pre-drying, wherein the pre-drying process is 80-100 ℃/2-4 h; taking out the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body from the oven 0.3-0.5 h before use;
2b) preheating: adjusting the temperature of the heating platform to 55 +/-10 ℃, and placing a plurality of ethylene propylene diene monomer films and a pre-dried phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body on the heating platform for preheating;
3) first time paster
3a) Brushing glue: pre-brushing a layer of adhesive corresponding to the interface on the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene layer of the core mould and one surface of the ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the step 3b), and airing until the surfaces are not sticky;
3b) sticking ethylene propylene diene monomer film: pasting the glue brushing surface of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 3a) to the glue brushing surface of the core mould polytetrafluoroethylene layer; brushing an adhesive on the other side of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film, and pasting the brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 3a) to the brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film; sequentially pasting the glue brushing surface of the last ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 3a) to the glue brushing surface of the penultimate ethylene propylene diene monomer film;
3c) brushing glue: coating the other surface of the ethylene propylene diene monomer film on the outermost layer pasted on the surface of the core mould and the surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven fabric with a corresponding adhesive; drying the brush until the brush is not sticky;
3d) fixing the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body: firstly, fixing the width position of a phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body to the surface of a position to be pasted of an ethylene propylene diene monomer film on the outermost layer of the surface of a core mould by using a polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape;
3e) phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body paster: pasting the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body along the circumferential direction, driving air during pasting, ensuring that the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body is pasted with an ethylene propylene diene monomer film below, finally connecting the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body end to end, taking down a polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape for fixing the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body, and pasting and fixing the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body end to end by using the polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape;
4) first pre-pressing and pre-baking
4a) Pre-pressing for the first time: winding a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film on the surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body in the step 3e) in the circumferential direction, and winding a glass fiber layer outside the multi-phase heat insulation layer intermediate obtained in the step 3e) by using a winding machine; the tension of the single-stranded yarn during winding is 15-30N;
4b) pre-baking for the first time: placing the multiphase heat insulation layer in the step 4a) in an oven for heat treatment at the temperature of 80-100 ℃/2-4 h;
5) first cleaning
6) Second time paster
6a) Preheating: adjusting the temperature of the heating platform to 5 +/-10 ℃, and placing a plurality of ethylene propylene diene monomer films on the heating platform for preheating;
6b) brushing glue: pre-brushing a layer of adhesive corresponding to an interface on the outer surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body and one surface of the ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the step 6 a); drying after brushing, and drying to a non-sticky state;
6c) sticking ethylene propylene diene monomer film: taking the axial position of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional braid as a reference, attaching the glue brushing surface of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 6b) to the glue brushing surface of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional braid, wherein the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film is required to cover the overlapping edge of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional braid; brushing an adhesive on the other side of the first ethylene propylene diene monomer film, and pasting the brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 6b) to the brushing surface of the second ethylene propylene diene monomer film; pasting the glue brushing surface of the last ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 6a) to the glue brushing surface of the penultimate ethylene propylene diene monomer film in sequence;
7) second prepressing and prebaking
7a) And (3) pre-pressing for the second time: winding a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film on the surface of the last ethylene propylene diene monomer film in the step 6c), and winding a glass fiber layer outside the multi-phase heat-insulating layer intermediate obtained in the step 7c) by using a winding machine; the tension of the single-stranded yarn during winding is 15-30N;
7b) pre-baking: placing the multiphase heat insulation layer obtained in the step 7a) for 4-8 h for prepressing, or placing the multiphase heat insulation layer in an oven for heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 80-100 ℃/2-4 h;
8) second cleaning
9) Correction, pressurization and curing
9a) And (3) finishing the multiphase heat insulating layer: polishing the convex part of the multiphase heat insulation layer by using a polishing machine, repairing the concave part by using an ethylene propylene diene monomer heat insulation material, and connecting by using an adhesive;
9b) pressurizing the multiphase heat insulating layer: immersing carbon fibers into a resin material, and winding the carbon fibers attached with the resin material on the surface of the multiphase heat insulating layer obtained in the step 10 a);
9c) curing the multiphase heat insulating layer: and (3) placing the multiphase heat insulation layer obtained in the step 9b) at room temperature for 1-3 h, then placing the multiphase heat insulation layer into an oven to be cured at 50-90 ℃ for 2-4 h, at 100-130 ℃ for 2-4 h and at 140-170 ℃ for 4-10 h, finally cooling to room temperature, removing the core shaft and the core mold, and manufacturing the required fiber winding cured rocket engine multiphase heat insulation layer.
2. The method of forming a filament wound cured rocket motor multiphase insulation layer according to claim 1 wherein: the environment temperature of the molding method is 25 +/-10 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than or equal to 75%.
3. The method of forming a filament wound cured rocket motor multiphase insulation layer according to claim 1 wherein: the preparation process of the ethylene propylene diene monomer film specifically comprises the following steps:
and (3) sheet discharging: firstly, adjusting the distance between rollers of a rubber mixing mill to 2-3 mm, pretreating the ethylene propylene diene monomer heat-insulating material through the rubber mixing mill, mixing back and forth for 3-4 times, then adjusting the distance between the rollers, and preparing a plurality of ethylene propylene diene monomer films according to the thickness sizes of 0.5 +/-0.1 mm and 2 +/-0.1 mm;
cutting: determining the overall expansion size of the ethylene propylene diene monomer film according to the outer diameter and the length of the core die, taking 4-20 ethylene propylene diene monomer films in the circumferential direction, cutting each ethylene propylene diene monomer film to be adhered according to the requirement of 300-500 mm in width, reserving 10-15 mm lap joint parts on all ethylene propylene diene monomer films with the thickness of less than or equal to 1.5mm, and reserving groove making parts on all ethylene propylene diene monomer films with the thickness of more than or equal to 1.5 mm;
cleaning: and cleaning and airing all the cut ethylene propylene diene monomer films by using ethyl acetate and clean wool-free paper, and isolating every two adjacent ethylene propylene diene monomer films by using clean isolation cloth after airing to prevent the two adjacent ethylene propylene diene monomer films from being adhered.
4. The method of forming a filament wound cured rocket motor multiphase insulation layer according to claim 1 wherein: in the step 5), the specific process of the first cleaning is as follows: cleaning a glass fiber layer: and cutting off and cleaning fibers on the surface of the multiphase heat insulation layer, cleaning a polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tape at the lap joint position of the phenolic resin impregnated carbon fiber three-dimensional woven body, and cleaning and drying the surface of the whole multiphase heat insulation layer by using ethyl acetate.
5. The method of forming a filament wound cured rocket motor multiphase insulation layer according to claim 1 wherein: in the step 8), the specific process of the second cleaning is as follows: cutting off and cleaning fibers on the surface of the multiphase heat insulation layer, and cleaning a polytetrafluoroethylene film outside the multiphase heat insulation layer; and cleaning and airing the surface of the whole multiphase thermal insulation layer by using ethyl acetate.
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| CN115895130B (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2024-03-22 | 湖北三江航天江河化工科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional carbon fiber woven body reinforced ethylene-propylene-diene monomer-phenolic anti-scouring composite material and preparation method thereof |
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