CN109604360A - The extrusion process of J section steel material - Google Patents
The extrusion process of J section steel material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109604360A CN109604360A CN201811459204.6A CN201811459204A CN109604360A CN 109604360 A CN109604360 A CN 109604360A CN 201811459204 A CN201811459204 A CN 201811459204A CN 109604360 A CN109604360 A CN 109604360A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/32—Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C26/00—Rams or plungers; Discs therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/02—Cooling or heating of containers for metal to be extruded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of extrusion process of J section steel material, belong to extrusion forming technology and profile shapes manufacturing technology field, and the surface quality for solving J section steel prepared by forming method in the prior art is poor, and dimensional accuracy is unable to reach the problem of requiring.The extrusion process of J section steel material of the invention enters the extrusion die with J-type through-hole the following steps are included: extrusion equipment extrusion billet → blank enters J-type glass isolator → blank.The present invention, which is realized, produces J section steel material by hot extrusion molding method using mold.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to extrusion forming technologies and profile shapes manufacturing technology field technical field more particularly to a kind of J section steel
The extrusion process of material.
Background technique
J section steel belongs to extraordinary profile shapes, is applied to the fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, naval vessel, since its shape has cleanliness,
With good load-carrying construction.
The forming method of the J section steel of this complicated abnormal shape is generally using the method welded after splicing at home.And use heat
Extrusion process produces J section steel there is not yet document report.
Since hot extrusion molding method can be with one-pass molding and guarantee surface quality, structure property and dimensional accuracy, the party
Method is by favor, but this forming method, there is also difficult point, heating process, tool and mould design, lubricant effect, deformation technique are set
Whichever link, which counted, and is gone wrong can all lead to the failure of the forming method.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned analysis, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of extrusion process of J section steel material, existing to solve
The surface quality of J section steel prepared by forming method is poor, and dimensional accuracy is unable to reach the problem of requiring.
The purpose of the present invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:
The invention discloses a kind of extrusion process of J section steel material, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: extrusion equipment extrusion billet；
Step 2: the blank squeezed out from extrusion equipment enters J-type glass isolator；
Step 3: the blank come out from J-type glass isolator enters the extrusion die with J-type through-hole.
On the basis of above scheme, the present invention has also done following improvement:
Further, the main body of the extrusion die is cylindrical body, is equipped in the cylindrical body along cylinder length direction
J-type through-hole；Angle between the end face of the cylindrical body feed end and the end face end face of discharge end is 1.85 °~1.90 °.
Further, the J-type glass isolator includes glass isolator main body, and the glass isolator main body is equipped with J type through-hole；The J
Type through-hole includes the first heavy wall side and glass isolator thin wall and side, and the first heavy wall side end portion is equipped with first boss；The glass isolator
Set on extrusion die inlet, the extrusion die is corresponding with glass isolator to be equipped with mold thin wall and side and the second heavy wall side；
For the pass width on first heavy wall side less than the lateral opening type width of the second heavy wall, the glass isolator thin wall and side pass is wide
Degree is greater than the extrusion die thin wall and side pass width；
First heavy wall side, glass isolator thin wall and side are machined with inner edge chamfering；First heavy wall side inner edge chamfering is small
In the inner edge chamfering of glass isolator thin wall and side.
Further, it is H that the J-type through-hole, which includes width,2The second heavy wall side and width be H3The 4th thin wall and side, it is described
4th thin wall and side deviates 1 °~2 ° to the direction far from the second heavy wall side.
It further, before step 1 further include being preheated to blank；
It is described preheating the following steps are included:
First stage: with the heating rate of 20~30 DEG C/min by blank heating to 600~650 DEG C, 2~3 hours are kept the temperature；
Second stage: 800~810 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 40~50 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 1~2 hour；
Phase III: 940~950 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 50~60 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 10~12 hours；
Fourth stage: 1030~1040 DEG C are heated to the heating rate of 50~60 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 2~3h.
Further, to after blank preheating, before step 1 further include that induction heating is carried out in induction furnace；Add in induction
The gasket of lower end addition 70~80mm thickness of hot stove.
Further, extrusion ratio is 10.0~10.8, and extrusion speed is 220~250mm/s, and discard is 20~25mm.
It further, further include being preheated to extrusion cylinder in step 1.
Further, preheating temperature is 200~300 DEG C.
Further, the J-type through-hole of extrusion die is equipped with inner edge chamfering, and the inner edge chamfering of broadside is less than the interior of narrow side
Edge chamfering.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that:
(1) by using J-type extrusion die, rather than traditional dies, it is wanted so that the J section steel squeezed out can satisfy use
It asks.
(2) when hot extrusion, blank contacts one side of the narrower width of J-type through-hole on mold first, if mold cylinder body
Two end faces between be parallel, then, in hot extrusion process, relatively narrow side will occur it is biggish deformation and pull,
The present invention will be designed as the angle with 1.85 °~1.90 ° between two end faces of mold cylinder body, so as to effectively mitigate
It the deformation of narrow side and is pulled in hot extrusion process, guarantees that the dimensional accuracy of the J section steel material squeezed out using the mold is reached and sets
Meter requires.
(3) in hot extrusion process, narrow side is easy to be curved inwardly by tensile stress, and the 4th of narrower width the is thin in the present invention
Wall in the second heavy wall of wider width between not instead of parallel relation, will be set between the second heavy wall side and the 4th thin wall and side
It is calculated as the angle with 1 °~2 °, is curved inwardly to offset narrow side in hot extrusion process by tensile stress, and be able to solve
Due to the caused D that expands with heat and contract with cold1And D2Size be unsatisfactory for the problems such as requiring.
(4) the second heavy wall side inner edge chamfering is small in the hole of extrusion die J-type, and the inner edge chamfering of the 4th thin wall and side is big, above-mentioned
The blank flow velocity that design is conducive to different wall thickness part in hot extrusion process is close, thus guarantee the J section steel squeezed out deformation compared with
It is low.
(5) by before extrusion in extrusion process use J-type glass isolator lubrication extrusion bar and extrusion die so that squeeze
The J section steel surface quality of extrusion is good.
(6) by being preheated to extrusion cylinder, temperature gradient when blank hot extrusion is effectively reduced, ensure that extrusion process
Continuity and stability.
(7) physico-chemical analysis and Mechanics Performance Testing are passed through using the high-intensitive J section steel of this method preparation, performance indicator accords with
Design requirement is closed, total quality reaches industrial use requirement.
It in the present invention, can also be combined with each other between above-mentioned each technical solution, to realize more preferred assembled schemes.This
Other feature and advantage of invention will illustrate in the following description, also, certain advantages can become from specification it is aobvious and
It is clear to, or understand through the implementation of the invention.The objectives and other advantages of the invention can by specification, claims with
And it is achieved and obtained in specifically noted content in attached drawing.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is only used for showing the purpose of specific embodiment, and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, in entire attached drawing
In, identical reference symbol indicates identical component.
Fig. 1 is the main view of J section steel of embodiment of the present invention hot-extrusion mold；
Fig. 2 is the A-A direction view that Fig. 1 is；
Fig. 3 is the B-B direction view that Fig. 1 is；
Fig. 4 is the main view of J section steel of embodiment of the present invention hot extrusion glass isolator；
Fig. 5 is the A-A direction view of Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 is the B-B direction view of Fig. 4；
Fig. 7 is the J section steel size detection schematic diagram squeezed out using hot-extrusion mold of the invention；
Fig. 8 is the mass fraction distributions respectively mutually varied with temperature in S45000 steel.
Fig. 9 is the partial enlarged view of Fig. 8.
Appended drawing reference:
The first thin wall and side of 1-；The second thin wall and side of 2-；The first heavy wall of 3- side；4- first boss；5- annular flange；6- third is thin
Wall side；The 4th thin wall and side of 7-；The second heavy wall of 8- side；9- second boss；The end face of 10- feed end；The end face of 11- discharge end.
Specific embodiment
Specifically describing the preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein attached drawing constitutes the application a part, and
Together with embodiments of the present invention for illustrating the principle of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
One embodiment of the present of invention discloses a kind of J section steel hot extrusion mold, as shown in Figure 1.Die main body is circle
Cylinder, is equipped with the J-type through-hole along cylinder length direction in cylindrical body, and J-type through-hole includes that width is H2The second heavy wall side
8 and width be H3The 4th thin wall and side 7, as shown in Figure 3.The end face 10 of cylindrical body feed end is to the end face 11 far from discharge end
Direction deviation angle a1 is 1.85 °~1.90 °.
Specifically the narrower width of J-type through-hole protrudes outward certain angle on one side on extrusion die.
When hot extrusion, blank enters from feed end, protrudes outward certain angle on one side due to narrower width, so,
Blank touches one side of the narrower width of J-type through-hole first, after touch J type through-hole wider width one side.Through overheating
After extruding, blank is squeezed out from the discharge end of mold, becomes J section steel material.
Compared with prior art, be designed as between two end faces of J section steel extrusion die cylindrical body have 1.85 °~
1.90 ° of angle can effectively mitigate the deformation of narrow side in hot extrusion process and pull, what guarantee was squeezed out using the mold
The dimensional accuracy of J section steel material reaches design requirement.
In view of in hot extrusion process, narrow side is easy to be curved inwardly by tensile stress, therefore, width H3It is the 4th thin
Wall side 7 and width are H2The second heavy wall side 8 between not instead of parallel relation, by the second heavy wall side 8 and the 4th thin wall and side 7 it
Between be designed as the angle for having certain, as shown in Fig. 2.It specifically, is side of the 4th thin wall and side 7 to separate second heavy wall side
It is 1 °~2 ° to deviation angle a2, is curved inwardly to offset narrow side in hot extrusion process by tensile stress, and be able to solve
Due to the caused D that expands with heat and contract with cold1And D2Size be unsatisfactory for the problems such as requiring.
It is worth noting that, if the inner edge chamfering on relatively narrow side with it is identical compared with broadside inner edge chamfering, blank squeeze
It can be severely deformed during pressure.In J-type mold of the invention, heavy wall side (compared with broadside) inner edge chamfering is small in the hole of J-type, thin wall and side
(relatively narrow side) inner edge chamfering is big, and above-mentioned design is conducive to blank in hot extrusion process and avoids seriously becoming uniformly through J-type through-hole
Shape.It will be apparent that inner edge chamfering is the inward flange that feed end is arranged in along hole, rather than discharge end is along the inward flange in hole.
Because if inward flange of the discharge end along hole is arranged in inner edge chamfering, when blank passes through J-type through-hole by hot extrusion,
Due to the presence of chamfering, so that the J-type fashioned iron squeezed out is easily deformed in discharge end, the J-type fashioned iron produced is affected instead
The precision of sectional dimension, this with the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to run counter to.
Illustratively, the width in hole is H2Inner edge, process the angled chamfering a3 for being 11 °~12 °, chamfer height
B1 is 8.5~8.7mm；Width in hole is H3Inner edge, process the angled chamfering a4, chamfer height b2 for being 18 °~19 °
For 12~13mm；Width in hole is H4Inner edge, process the angled chamfering a5 for being 15 °~16 °, chamfer height b3 is 10.5
~10.7mm.Because crush resistance is small at the wider width in hole, and crush resistance is big at the narrower width in hole, in order to make different width
Crush resistance at degree is close, to make blank in the wide and narrow position of pass uniformly through J-type hole is compared with broadside in the present invention
Inner edge chamfering is small, and the inner edge chamfering of narrow side is big, so that be conducive to blank in hot extrusion process makes to draw and answer uniformly through J-type hole
Power is reduced to minimum, and the stress on squeeze wood is uniformly discharged, to guarantee that the product size precision squeezed out reaches
Design requirement.
Another embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of J section steel hot extrusion glass isolator, as shown in Fig. 4, including glass
Glass pads main body, and glass isolator main body is equipped with J-type through-hole；J-type through-hole includes the first heavy wall side 3 and glass isolator thin wall and side, and first is thick
3 end of wall side is equipped with first boss 4；Glass isolator is set to J section steel hot-extrusion mold inlet, J section steel hot-extrusion mold and glass
It pads corresponding equipped with mold thin wall and side and the second heavy wall side 8；First heavy wall, 8 passes when 3 pass width is less than the second heavy wall
Width, glass isolator thin wall and side pass width are greater than mold thin wall and side pass width.
Specifically, it is equipped with J-type hot extrusion glass isolator in the blank entrance of J section steel hot-extrusion mold, glass isolator includes
Glass isolator main body is equipped with J-type through-hole in the middle of glass isolator main body, which includes that glass isolator thin wall and side and first are thick
Wall side 3, glass isolator thin wall and side refer to that the lifting-hook part of J-type through-hole, the first heavy wall side 3 refer to the cross edge of the upper end of J-type through-hole
Point, it is equipped with first boss 4 in the one end on the first heavy wall side 3, the J-type through-hole of glass isolator is corresponding with the J-type through-hole on mold,
And the first heavy wall of the J-type through-hole on glass isolator is when 3 pass width is less than the second heavy wall of J section steel hot-extrusion mold 8
Pass width, glass isolator thin wall and side pass width is greater than the pass width of mold thin wall and side, i.e., in the thin of the J-type through-hole of glass isolator
Wall side position, for the blank by mold thin wall and side, since the pass width of glass isolator thin wall and side is greater than mold thin-walled
The pass width on side, the thin wall and side of the J-type through-hole of glass isolator play the effect for reducing resistance；In the thickness of the J-type through-hole of glass isolator
Wall side position, for the blank by mold heavy wall side, since the pass width on the first heavy wall side 3 on glass isolator is less than mould
The pass width on the second heavy wall side 8 of tool, glass isolator thin wall and side play the effect for increasing resistance.
J-type glass isolator of the invention can not only play lubricating action, and through hole molded dimension designs, to a certain degree
On improve and cause blank to pass through mold J-type since the hole molded dimension on the thin wall and side of J-type through-hole and heavy wall side on mold is inconsistent
When through-hole, rheological rate is uneven and mold thin wall and side is caused to occur drawing side notch and other issues, and then obtains surface quality
Good, consistent J-type extruded bars of uniform size.
J-type glass isolator thin wall and side of the invention includes the first thin wall and side 1 and that pass width is 15~20mm (d1, d2)
Two thin wall and sides 2；The pass width on the first heavy wall side 3 is 10~15mm (d3)；Pass width is 20~30mm at first boss 4
(d4)。
The mold thin wall and side used corresponding with above-mentioned glass isolator includes third thin wall and side 6 and the 4th thin wall and side 7, the second heavy wall
Side 8 is equipped with second boss 9；The pass width of third thin wall and side 6 and the 4th thin wall and side 7 is 8~12mm；Second heavy wall side 8
Pass width be 18~22mm, pass width is 38~42mm at second boss 9.
In order to preferably lubricate with hot extrusion J section steel, the pass width of the first thin wall and side 1 of glass isolator main body is 16mm；
The pass width of second thin wall and side 2 is 18mm, and pass width is 26mm at first boss 4.
The third thin wall and side 6 of the mold used corresponding with above-mentioned glass isolator and the pass width of the 4th thin wall and side 7 are
10mm；The pass width on the second heavy wall side 8 is 20mm, and the pass width at second boss 9 is 40mm.
In order to reduce the frictional force between extrusion billet and extrusion cylinder, J-type glass isolator main body of the invention is cylinder, such as
Shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, annular flange 5 is equipped with above glass isolator main body, annular flange 5 and the upper surface angle of glass isolator main body are
15 °~22 °, 3~8mm of height.
Specifically, annular flange 5, the annular flange 5 are equipped with along upper in the upper surface annular edge of cylindrical glass pad main body
Angle with the upper surface of glass isolator main body is 15 °~22 °, and the height of annular flange 5 is 3~8mm；When blank is led to by extrusion cylinder
When crossing glass isolator, blank enters the annular flange 5 of the upper end of glass isolator and the annular of extrusion cylinder formation out of extrusion cylinder first
In cavity, and then entered in corresponding mold by the first heavy wall of glass isolator side 3, the first thin wall and side 1 and the second thin wall and side 2,
Frictional force when to effectively reduce extruding between blank and extrusion cylinder.
In order to further decrease the frictional force between extrusion billet and extrusion cylinder, annular flange 5 is upper with glass isolator main body
End face angle a6 is 20 °, and height b4 is 5~6mm.
In order to reduce the crush resistance of glass and preferably be lubricated effect, the first heavy wall side of glass isolator to blank
3, the first thin wall and side 1 and the second thin wall and side 2 are machined with inner edge chamfering a7, a8, a9；First heavy wall side, 3 inner edge chamfering is less than
The inner edge chamfering of one thin wall and side 1 and the second thin wall and side 2, for example, the inner edge chamfering on the first heavy wall side 3 is 11 °~12 °；First He
The inner edge chamfering of second thin wall and side 2 is 15 °~19 °.
In order to guarantee that the lubricant effect of glass isolator with the influence to blank, is included at the first thin-walled and the second thin-walled simultaneously
Reduce blank to enter the resistance of mold and increase the resistance that blank is included in mold third thin wall and side 6 and the 4th thin wall and side 7, this hair
The thickness b5 of the bright J-type glass isolator main body used is 15~25mm.
Another embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of extrusion process of J section steel material, comprising the following steps:
(1) blank machines
Round steel is forged to the high strength precipitation-hardening stainless steel that the trade mark is S45000 and carries out surface turnery processing, sawing, vehicle
Mill, chamfering, technique requirement: to the smooth zero defect of round steel outer surface turnery processing rear surface, roughness≤3.2 μm, base after sawing
Expect that end face carries out vehicle mill processing, gradient≤2mm, one of end face R30mm of falling exterior angle are cut in two end faces, after blank processing
Outer diameter 310~315mm of φ, 895~900mm of length.
(2) annular furnace preheats
It is heated stage by stage using annular furnace and soaking, specific heating process are as follows: 20~30 DEG C of first stage heating rate/
Min, blank heating keep the temperature 2~3 hours to 600~650 DEG C；Second stage according still further to 40~50 DEG C/min be warming up to 800 DEG C~
810 DEG C, keep the temperature 1~2 hour；Phase III is warming up to 940~950 DEG C according to 50~60 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 10~12 hours；
Fourth stage is heated to 1030~1040 DEG C according to 50~60 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 2-3h.
Purpose using the pre-heating technique is that Cu phase in steel, Laves phase and Z phase precipitated phase is precipitated sufficiently, and then gradually
Dissolution.The basis for selecting of annular furnace warm-up phase temperature is shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.
Specifically, since there are a small amount of M in steel6C phase hinders crystal boundary mobile, and the driving force that crystal boundary is grown up at this time compared with
Small, crystal boundary will not be excessively coarse, therefore, the present embodiment selection 940~950 DEG C at a temperature of keep the temperature 10~12 hours so that
Element reaches the homogenization of tissue by diffusion, to improve the processing performance and service performance of steel.
In view of 940~950 DEG C at a temperature of may still have a small amount of M6C phase is undissolved, plays the role of pinning crystal boundary,
So that crystal boundary is not excessively coarse, therefore, the present embodiment raises the temperature to 1030~1040 DEG C again after the phase III, and keeps the temperature
2~3h, so that tissue further homogenizes.
(3) induction heating
By the way of continuous induction heating twice and heat preservation, specific heating means are as follows: No. one time induction furnace 6-7 is kept off blank
1150~1160 DEG C are heated to, keeps the temperature 5-10 minutes, is heated to 1190~1200 DEG C, keeps the temperature 5-10 minutes；Secondary induction furnace
8-9 gear is heated to 1240~1250 DEG C, keeps the temperature 5-7 minutes, comes out of the stove rapidly after heat preservation.
In the present embodiment, induction heating phase temperature is higher, at 1100 DEG C or more, because of M in steel at this time6C phase is completely molten
It solves, tissue is face-centred cubic austenite structure in steel, due to not having precipitated phase to hinder crystal boundary mobile, passes through shorten each rank at this time
Section soaking time, limits the abnormal growth of crystal grain, each stage soaking time is extremely short.
The tapping temperature of induction heating is 1240~1250 DEG C in the present embodiment, and it is single-phase for being mainly in view of tissue at this time
Face-centred cubic austenite structure, face-centered cubic crystal have 12 slip systems, and the spatial orientation of slipping Dislocations movement is more,
Sliding is easy to carry out, and austenite structure has more good deformability, goes on smoothly convenient for subsequent extruding.If induction heating
Tapping temperature it is lower, atomic transition activity reduce, will lead to squeeze drag increase；If the tapping temperature of induction heating compared with
Height, high temperature ferrite will occur in the tissue, and high temperature ferrite is body-centered cubic structure, and deformability is lower than austenite,
Carry out the appearance that the tissue should be avoided when deformation processing.
In above-mentioned induction heating step, induction heating is completed using induction furnace.In order to guarantee the uniform of blank bulk temperature
Property, the gasket of 70~80mm thickness is added in induction furnace lower end.
(4) hot extrusion
Hot extrusion molding is carried out using extruder, the bar squeezed out from heat extruder first passes through J-type glass isolator, using J
Pattern tool.The technological parameter of extruder are as follows: extrusion ratio is 10.0~10.8,3900~4200 tons of theoretical extruding force, extrusion speed
For 220~250mm/s, discard is 20~25mm.8460~8800mm of J-type squeeze wood length is obtained after hot extrusion.
It is right before extrusion billet in order to reduce the temperature gradient between extrusion cylinder and blank in above-mentioned hot extrusion step
Extrusion cylinder is preheated, and preheating temperature is 200~300 DEG C.
(5) cooling
High-strength stainless steel J-type squeeze wood is cooled to room temperature in air after hot extrusion.
(6) it examines
It examines the surface quality of product and measures its key position size.To obtained high-strength stainless steel J section steel system
Product carry out mechanical property and physicochemical property test.
Embodiment one
Die main body is the cylindrical body with J-type through-hole in the present embodiment, and thickness (or height) is 20mm.J-type through-hole ruler
It is very little corresponding with the size of required squeeze wood.Die main body is cylindrical body, and the end of cylindrical body feed end is away from discharge end
Deviate 1.85 ° in the direction of end face.The width H of J-type through-hole2For 25mm, in H2Inner edge, processing chamfer angle is 11 °, and chamfering is high
Degree is 8.5mm；The width H of J-type through-hole3For 10.5mm, in the H of the narrower width in hole3Position, processing inner edge chamfer angle be
18 °, chamfer height 12mm；The width H of J-type through-hole4For 10.5mm, the width in hole is H4Inner edge, processing chamfer angle be
15 °, the hole width of J-type is H3The 4th thin wall and side and width be H2The second heavy wall side between angle be 1 °；J-type through-hole
Width H1For 20mm.The length L on the second heavy wall side of J-type through-hole1For 142mm, the length L of the 4th thin wall and side2For 147mm.Circular arc
Radius R1For 30mm, R2For 40mm, R3For 20mm.
Embodiment two
The preparation of glass isolator:
Glass powder (100%)+waterglass (5%)+water (1%) is mixed first, glass powder material is (quality percentage
Number): SiO2: 55.0%, B2O3: 8.0%, Al2O3: 13.0%, CaO:5.0%, MgO:3.0%, TiO2: 4.0%, Na2O:
12.0%；Then it is sufficiently stirred 1 hour using blender, reuses special glass pad tools compression moulding；It is finally putting into
200 DEG C of drying, glass isolator are stored in dry environments in resistance furnace.
The J-type hole glass isolator main body of the present embodiment production with a thickness of 15mm, the annular flange 5 of glass isolator and glass isolator master
The angle of the upper surface of body is 20 °, and raised brim height is 4mm, the first heavy wall side 3 in J-type hole, the first and second thin wall and sides 2
Pass width and the second heavy wall side 8 of mold, the pass width of the third and fourth thin wall and side 7 it is not identical, the first heavy wall side 3
For pass width less than 8 pass width of the second heavy wall side, the 2 pass width of the first and second thin wall and sides of glass isolator is greater than the of mold
7 pass width of three thin wall and sides 6 and the 4th thin wall and side suitably relaxes in the thin local J type hole pass width of extruded bars wall,
The local J-type hole pass width of extruded bars wall thickness suitably puts narrow, the third thin wall and side 6 and the 4th thin-walled of mold in the present embodiment
The pass width (i.e. the wall thickness of the perpendicular hook portion of extruded bars) on side 7 is 10mm, and in the upper J-type hole of its corresponding glass isolator
Pass width d1 and the d2 width of two thin wall and sides (i.e. third thin wall and side and the 4th thin wall and side 7) is 15mm, in extruded bars
Wall thickness part, the pass width d3 on the first heavy wall side 3 are 15mm, and the pass width of first boss 4 is 30mm.First heavy wall side 3,
First thin wall and side 1 and the second thin wall and side 2 are machined with inner edge chamfering, and angle is respectively 12 °, 18 °, 18 °.
Embodiment three
Preparing J section steel by hot extrusion molding technique, specific step is as follows:
(1) blank machines
Surface turning carried out to the forging round steel that grade of steel is S45000, sawing, end face processing, and to surface inspection reconditioning,
Gradient≤2mm is cut in roughness≤3.2 μm, two end faces, and one of end face R30mm of falling exterior angle, blank outer diameter is 310mm,
Length is 900mm.
(2) annular furnace preheats
The method for heating and keeping the temperature stage by stage using annular furnace, so that blank heating, to 1030~1040 DEG C, heat preservation 2h goes out
Furnace, tapping temperature fluctuation range are ± 10 DEG C, and heating parameters are as follows:
(3) induction heating
It is added to thickness 70mm gasket in the lower end of induction furnace, is required with guaranteeing blank entirety homogeneous heating and reaching extruding
Temperature；No. one time 6 grades of induction furnace by blank heating to 1150 DEG C, keep the temperature 9 minutes, be heated to 1200 DEG C, keep the temperature 5 minutes, two
9 grades of secondary induction furnace is heated to 1250 DEG C, keeps the temperature 5 minutes, comes out of the stove rapidly after heat preservation.
(4) tool and mould is assembled
By operator by the assembling of the tool and mould of embodiment one in place, check before assembling each tool and mould size whether with examination
The size that scheme processed requires is consistent.
(5) it lubricates
Glass lubrication is carried out to the extrusion die in the outer surface and extrusion process of blank using the glass isolator of embodiment two.
(6) hot extrusion
Hot extrusion molding, technological parameter are carried out using Italian Dary alunite 4500t extruder are as follows: extrusion cylinder preheating temperature is
200 DEG C, extrusion ratio 10.7,3950 tons of theoretical extruding force, extrusion speed is set as 220mm/s, discard 25mm, after hot extrusion
To J-type squeeze wood length 8780mm.
(7) cooling
High-strength stainless steel J section steel is cooled to room temperature in air after squeezing out.
(8) it examines
It examines the surface quality of product and measures its key position size, as shown in fig. 7, to obtained high-strength stainless
Steel J section steel product carries out mechanical property and physicochemical property test.
Mechanical property test is carried out according to standard GB/T228, GB/T229 and GB/T230, and grain size is according to standard GB/
T6394 test.Table 1 lists the actual measurement mechanical property of the obtained sample of embodiment three, and table 2 lists obtained by embodiment three
Sample actual measurement physicochemical property parameter, table 3 lists the actual measurement size of the obtained sample of embodiment three.
1 mechanical property parameters table of table
| Mechanical property parameters | It is required that | Measured value |
| Tensile strength/MPa | ≥800 | 950 |
| Yield strength/MPa | ≥550 | 777 |
| Elongation percentage/% | ≥10 | 13 |
| The contraction percentage of area/% | ≥50 | 75 |
| Ballistic work/J | ≥100 | 142、154 |
| Hardness (HRC) | ≤30 | 28.4、27.4、27.8、27.5 |
2 physicochemical property of table tests table
| Grain size testing standard | Performance parameter requirement | Measured value |
| GB/T6394 | ≥4 | 5 |
3 J section steel critical size of table measures table
As shown in Table 1, every mechanical performance index of the J section steel of hot extrusion molding method preparation according to the invention reaches
Design requirement is arrived.As can be seen from Table 2, the measured value of physicochemical property parameter also meets physicochemical property parameter request.It can by table 3
To find out, the size of J section steel key position prepared by the present invention is able to satisfy design requirement.
In conclusion the surface quality of the high-strength stainless steel J section steel of hot extrusion molding method preparation according to the invention,
The indexs such as dimensional accuracy, physicochemical property, mechanical property have reached design requirement, solve J section steel preparation in the forming method
In various technical problems, lay a good foundation for the practical application and batch production of the profile shapes.At present the product tried out in
Certain guide rail project, product quality comply fully with procurement regulations.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of extrusion process of J section steel material, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: extrusion equipment extrusion billet；
Step 2: the blank squeezed out from extrusion equipment enters J-type glass isolator；
Step 3: the blank come out from J-type glass isolator enters the extrusion die with J-type through-hole.
2. the extrusion process of J section steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the main body of the extrusion die
For cylindrical body, the J-type through-hole along cylinder length direction is equipped in the cylindrical body；The end face of the cylindrical body feed end and
Angle between the end face end face of discharge end is 1.85 °~1.90 °.
3. the extrusion process of J section steel material according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the J-type glass isolator packet
Glass isolator main body is included, the glass isolator main body is equipped with J-type through-hole；The J-type through-hole includes that the first heavy wall side and glass isolator are thin
Wall side, the first heavy wall side end portion are equipped with first boss；The glass isolator is set to extrusion die inlet, the extrusion die
It is corresponding with glass isolator to be equipped with mold thin wall and side and the second heavy wall side；
For the pass width on first heavy wall side less than the lateral opening type width of the second heavy wall, the glass isolator thin wall and side pass width is big
In the extrusion die thin wall and side pass width；
First heavy wall side, glass isolator thin wall and side are machined with inner edge chamfering；First heavy wall side inner edge chamfering is less than glass
The inner edge chamfering of glass pad thin wall and side.
4. the extrusion process of J section steel material according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the J-type through-hole includes width
For H2The second heavy wall side and width be H3The 4th thin wall and side, the 4th thin wall and side to far from the second heavy wall side direction it is inclined
From 1 °~2 °.
5. the extrusion process of J section steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that before step 1 further include pair
Blank preheating；
It is described preheating the following steps are included:
First stage: with the heating rate of 20~30 DEG C/min by blank heating to 600~650 DEG C, 2~3 hours are kept the temperature；
Second stage: 800~810 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 40~50 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 1~2 hour；
Phase III: 940~950 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 50~60 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 10~12 hours；
Fourth stage: 1030~1040 DEG C are heated to the heating rate of 50~60 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 2~3h.
6. the extrusion process of J section steel material according to claim 5, which is characterized in that blank preheating after, step
It further include that induction heating is carried out in induction furnace before 1；In the gasket of the lower end of induction heater addition 70~80mm thickness.
7. the extrusion process of J section steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that extrusion ratio is 10.0~10.8,
Extrusion speed is 220~250mm/s, and discard is 20~25mm.
8. the extrusion process of J section steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include to extruding in step 1
Cylinder preheating.
9. according to the extrusion process of J section steel material described in claim 5-8, which is characterized in that preheating temperature be 200~
300℃。
10. the extrusion process of J section steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the J-type of extrusion die
Through-hole is equipped with inner edge chamfering, and the inner edge chamfering of broadside is less than the inner edge chamfering of narrow side.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021208999A1 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | 钢铁研究总院 | Hot extrusion die for irregularly shaped rectangular tubing, and hot extrusion integral molding method |
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| CN202803805U (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-03-20 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Glass pad for hot extrusion of H-shaped steel |
| CN103056181A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-04-24 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Hot extrusion forming method of H type steel |
| CN106914502A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-04 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | One kind pad extruding working system and extrusion forming system living |
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| GB975216A (en) * | 1962-05-22 | 1964-11-11 | Cefilac | Method of extrusion |
| CN101722204A (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2010-06-09 | 胡乐煊 | Extrusion process for titanium alloy profile material |
| CN202803805U (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-03-20 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Glass pad for hot extrusion of H-shaped steel |
| CN103056181A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-04-24 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Hot extrusion forming method of H type steel |
| CN106914502A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-04 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | One kind pad extruding working system and extrusion forming system living |
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| WO2021208999A1 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | 钢铁研究总院 | Hot extrusion die for irregularly shaped rectangular tubing, and hot extrusion integral molding method |
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