CN109603853B - Normal temperature catalyst, composite filter screen and application thereof - Google Patents
Normal temperature catalyst, composite filter screen and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/894—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
- B01D46/12—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces in multiple arrangements
- B01D46/121—V-type arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/8993—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0407—Additives and treatments of the filtering material comprising particulate additives, e.g. adsorbents
Abstract
The invention provides a normal-temperature catalyst, a composite filter screen and application thereof, and relates to the field of air purification. The preparation method of the normal-temperature catalyst comprises the following steps: mixing and reacting a nitrate aqueous solution and a carbonate aqueous solution, filtering, washing, drying, and roasting to obtain a catalyst carrier; mixing the aqueous solution of the transition metal salt, the aqueous solution of the noble metal salt and the catalyst carrier, stirring and dipping, then filtering, drying and roasting. The utility model provides a composite filter screen, includes the use normal atmospheric temperature catalyst make catalyst layer and skeleton carrier layer and compact layer, the skeleton carrier layer sets up the catalyst layer with between the compact layer. The application of the composite filter screen is used for air purification equipment. The application provides a normal atmospheric temperature catalyst and compound filter screen can PM2.5, allergen, hair etc. in the high-efficient filtered air, pollutants such as formaldehyde in the ability effective degradation air simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of air purification, in particular to a normal-temperature catalyst, a composite filter screen and application thereof.
Background
At present, the air pollution problem is increasingly serious, and particulate matters (PM2.5) and gaseous pollutant pollution are mainly used as main pollutants. The requirements and the attention of people on the air quality are continuously improved, so that various air purification devices are produced. The filter screen in the existing air purification equipment mainly uses high-efficiency particle air filter screen (HEPA screen), but the existing HEPA filter screen can only filter dust such as PM2.5 in the air, and has no any removal effect on other gaseous pollutants in the air such as formaldehyde, and has the defects of short service life, frequent replacement and the like.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a normal temperature catalyst which can degrade gaseous pollutants such as formaldehyde and the like at normal temperature, and has good treatment effect and simple preparation.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a composite filter screen, which can not only effectively remove particulate pollutants such as PM2.5 and the like and allergen pollutants in the air, but also effectively degrade formaldehyde pollutants in the air under the conditions of normal temperature and no light by using the normal temperature catalyst loaded on the composite filter screen, thereby realizing the effect of one screen with multiple purposes; meanwhile, the volume is small, the wind resistance is small, and the energy consumption of the air purification equipment is reduced.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide an application of the composite filter screen for air purification equipment.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the preparation method of the normal-temperature catalyst comprises the following steps:
A. mixing and reacting a nitrate aqueous solution and a carbonate aqueous solution, filtering, washing, drying, and roasting to obtain a catalyst carrier;
B. mixing the aqueous solution of the transition metal salt, the aqueous solution of the noble metal salt and the catalyst carrier, stirring and dipping, then filtering, drying and roasting.
It should be noted that A, B is provided for convenience of presentation only and is not meant to limit the process sequence.
The catalyst can degrade gaseous pollutants such as formaldehyde at normal temperature.
Preferably, the nitrate comprises one or more of cobalt nitrate, manganese nitrate and nickel nitrate, and the concentration of the nitrate aqueous solution is 0.5-6 mol/L; the carbonate comprises sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate, and the concentration of the carbonate aqueous solution is 0.2-1 mol/L; preferably, the volume ratio of the nitrate aqueous solution to the carbonate aqueous solution is 5-10: 0.1-2.
The proper salt is selected and the concentration and the proportion are optimized, so that the performance of the catalyst carrier is optimized, and the distribution and the shape of the active metal in the carrier are favorably influenced.
More preferably, in the step A, the drying temperature is 90-150 ℃, and the roasting temperature is 300-500 ℃; the reaction is carried out under the condition of constant temperature, and the temperature is controlled to be 40-90 ℃.
The optimization of the reaction temperature, the drying temperature and the roasting temperature is favorable for controlling the generation process of the carrier and obtaining the carrier with excellent performance.
Preferably, the transition metal salt comprises one or more of cerium nitrate, chromium nitrate and copper sulfate; the noble metal salt comprises palladium acetate and/or platinum nitrate; preferably, the volume ratio of the aqueous solution of the transition metal salt to the aqueous solution of the noble metal salt is 6-20: 0.1-0.5; after mixing, the mass percentage of the noble metal salt in the solution is 0.5-3%.
The optimum catalytic effect can be obtained by selecting the proper catalytic active metal salt and the content thereof. The load is too small to achieve a good catalytic effect, and the load is too large, so that waste is caused, and the cost is increased.
More preferably, in the step B, the drying temperature is 90-150 ℃, and the roasting temperature is 300-500 ℃; the impregnation is carried out under the condition of constant temperature, the temperature is controlled to be 60-90 ℃, and the impregnation time is 5-10 hours.
The selection of the dipping temperature and time and the drying and roasting temperature is to ensure that the active metal obtains good loading effect on the carrier, the distribution is more reasonable and the catalytic effect is better.
A composite filter screen comprises a catalyst layer made of the normal-temperature catalyst, a framework carrier layer and a compact layer, wherein the framework carrier layer is arranged between the catalyst layer and the compact layer; preferably, the composite filter screen is folded and cut for use.
The composite filter screen combines the normal temperature catalyst with the compact layer, realizes the dual effects of chemical catalysis and physical filtration, and the skeleton carrier layer can also play a certain physical filtration role.
Preferably, the skeletal carrier layer is PET, preferably with an areal density of 60 to 150g/m2The PET felt cloth of (1).
The selection of materials and the surface density aims to ensure that the catalyst can be well distributed on the framework carrier, control the wind resistance and avoid the great increase of energy consumption.
Preferably, the catalyst layer is obtained by adding water into a normal-temperature catalyst, ball-milling the normal-temperature catalyst, and coating the normal-temperature catalyst on the surface of the framework carrier layer; preferably, the mass ratio of the normal-temperature catalyst to the water is 1-5: 10-30.
The proportion of the catalyst and the water is to obtain a more particle size distribution range in the ball milling process so as to obtain the best catalytic effect.
Optionally, the compact layer is PP and/or glass fiber; preferably, the thickness of the compact layer is 1-5 mm.
The selection of compact layer has the consideration of three aspects, is the degree of adhesion of compact layer and skeleton carrier layer on the one hand, guarantees compound effect, and on the other hand is for guaranteeing the physical filter effect, and on the other hand is for controlling the whole windage of compound filter screen, control energy consumption again.
The application of the composite filter screen is used for air purification equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the catalyst can degrade gaseous pollutants such as formaldehyde at normal temperature, has good treatment effect and is simple to prepare;
(2) particle pollutants, allergen pollutants and gaseous pollutants can be effectively removed, the size is small, the wind resistance is small, and the energy consumption is low;
(3) can be widely used in various air purification devices.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a composite filter screen according to an embodiment.
Reference numerals: 1-a catalyst layer; 2-a skeletal carrier layer; 3-compact layer.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1
Weighing a certain amount of cobalt nitrate and sodium carbonate to prepare a 1mol/L cobalt nitrate solution and a 0.5mol/L sodium carbonate solution, and then mixing the two solutions according to the volume ratio of 6: 0.2. And putting the mixed solution into a reaction tank at 60 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours, carrying out suction filtration and washing on the reacted solution, putting the solution into a drying oven at 90 ℃ for drying for 2 hours, and then calcining in a muffle furnace at 300 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the catalyst carrier.
And putting the catalyst carrier into a mixed solution of cerium nitrate and palladium acetate, wherein the mass percent of palladium in the mixed solution is 0.5%. The system is put into a constant-temperature reaction tank at 60 ℃ for dipping for 6h, is filtered and dried for 2h at 90 ℃, and then is calcined for 1h at 300 ℃ to obtain the normal-temperature catalyst.
Mixing the normal temperature catalyst with water according to the proportion of 1:10, ball-milling for 2h, and coating the mixture on a substrate with the surface density of80g/m2The catalyst layer 1 and the framework carrier layer 2 are obtained on the PET felt cloth, the felt cloth is bonded with a PP tight layer 3 with the thickness of 3mm, and the composite Filter screen (the High Efficiency Multifunctional Filter HEMF) is obtained after folding and cutting, as shown in figure 1.
The filter screen was placed in a suitable air purifier and tested in a 30 cube closed laboratory according to GB/T18801-2015 for particulate matter and formaldehyde having respective clean air Content (CADR) values of 450m3/h，360m3/h。
Example 2
Weighing a certain amount of manganese nitrate, nickel nitrate and potassium carbonate to prepare a mixed solution of the manganese nitrate and the nickel nitrate of 6mol/L and a sodium carbonate solution of 0.2mol/L, and then mixing the two solutions according to the volume ratio of 10: 2. And putting the mixed solution into a reaction tank at 90 ℃ for reaction for 6 hours, carrying out suction filtration and washing on the reacted solution, putting the solution into a drying oven at 150 ℃ for drying for 5 hours, and then calcining in a muffle furnace at 400 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the catalyst carrier.
Preparing a chromium nitrate and copper sulfate mixed solution and a platinum nitrate solution, mixing, and adding the catalyst carrier, wherein the mass percent of platinum in the mixed solution is 0.7%. The system is put into a constant temperature reaction tank at 90 ℃ for dipping for 10h, is filtered and dried for 1h at 150 ℃, and then is calcined for 1.5h at 400 ℃ to obtain the normal temperature catalyst.
Mixing the normal temperature catalyst with water according to the proportion of 1:9, ball-milling for 2h, and coating the mixture on a surface with the density of 60g/m2And (3) adhering the PET felt cloth with a 1mm glass fiber and PP blended compact layer, folding and cutting to obtain the composite HEMF filter screen.
The filter screen is placed in a suitable air purifier, and the clean air volume (CADR) values of the particles and formaldehyde are respectively 360m according to GB/T18801-2015 test in a 30-cubic closed experimental chamber3/h，270m3/h。
Example 3
Weighing a certain amount of nickel nitrate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate to prepare a 0.5mol/L nickel nitrate solution and a 1mol/L sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate solution, and then mixing the two solutions according to a volume ratio of 5: 0.1. And putting the mixed solution into a reaction tank at 40 ℃ for reaction for 8h, carrying out suction filtration on the reacted solution, putting the solution into a drying oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 2h after washing, and then turning the drying oven at 500 ℃ for calcining for 2h to obtain the catalyst carrier.
Preparing a chromium nitrate solution, a platinum nitrate solution and a palladium acetate solution, mixing, and adding the catalyst carrier, wherein the mass percent of platinum and palladium in the mixed solution is 3%. The system is put into a constant-temperature reaction tank at 80 ℃ for dipping for 9h, is filtered and dried for 2h at 100 ℃, and then is calcined for 1h at 500 ℃ to obtain the normal-temperature catalyst.
Mixing the normal temperature catalyst with water according to the proportion of 5:30, ball-milling for 2.5h, and coating the mixture on a surface with the density of 150g/m2And (3) adhering the PET felt cloth with a 5mm glass fiber compact layer, folding and cutting to obtain the composite HEMF filter screen.
The filter screen was placed in a suitable air purifier and tested in a 30 cube closed laboratory according to GB/T18801-2015 for particulate matter and formaldehyde having a clean air Content (CADR) value of 460m each3/h，390m3/h。
Comparative example 1
Without coating the normal temperature catalyst provided by the application, the pure surface density is only 80g/m2The PET felt cloth is bonded with a PP tight layer with the thickness of 3mm, and the filter screen is obtained after folding and cutting. The filter screen was placed in a suitable air purifier and tested in a 30 cube closed laboratory according to GB/T18801-2015 for particulate matter and formaldehyde having a respective clean air Content (CADR) value of 320m3/h，15m3/h。
Comparative example 2
Under the condition of not coating normal temperature catalyst, only pure surface density is 150g/m2The PET felt cloth is bonded with a 5mm glass fiber compact layer, and the filter screen is obtained after folding and cutting. The filter screen was placed in a suitable air purifier and tested in a 30 cube closed laboratory according to GB/T18801-2015 for particulate matter and formaldehyde having a clean air Content (CADR) value of 315m each3/h，26m3/h。
From the above, the filter screen made of the normal temperature catalyst provided by the application can significantly improve the treatment capacity and treatment efficiency of formaldehyde.
The application provides a compound filter screen that normal atmospheric temperature catalyst made can high-efficiently filter pollutants such as PM2.5, allergen, hair in the air on the basis of not changing structures such as filter screen volume, windage, can realize not heating simultaneously, effectively degrading pollutants such as formaldehyde in the air under the condition of daylighting, energy saving, while easy operation, long service life. Meanwhile, the normal-temperature catalytic material is combined with the compact layer, so that the effect of multiple effects of the filter element is realized, and the waste of materials in the aspect of design can be greatly reduced.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims (15)
1. The normal-temperature catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. mixing and reacting a nitrate aqueous solution and a carbonate aqueous solution, filtering, washing, drying, and roasting to obtain a catalyst carrier; the nitrate comprises one or more of cobalt nitrate, manganese nitrate and nickel nitrate, and the carbonate comprises sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate;
B. mixing the aqueous solution of transition metal salt, the aqueous solution of noble metal salt and the catalyst carrier, stirring and dipping, then filtering, drying and roasting; the transition metal salt comprises one or more of cerium nitrate, chromium nitrate and copper sulfate, and the noble metal salt comprises palladium acetate and/or platinum nitrate.
2. The normal-temperature catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the nitrate aqueous solution is 0.5-6 mol/L; the concentration of the carbonate aqueous solution is 0.2-1 mol/L.
3. The normal-temperature catalyst as claimed in claim 2, wherein the volume ratio of the nitrate aqueous solution to the carbonate aqueous solution is 5-10: 0.1-2.
4. The normal-temperature catalyst as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step A, the drying temperature is 90-150 ℃, and the roasting temperature is 300-500 ℃; the reaction is carried out under the condition of constant temperature, and the temperature is controlled to be 40-90 ℃.
5. The normal-temperature catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the aqueous solution of the transition metal salt to the aqueous solution of the noble metal salt is 6-20: 0.1-0.5; after mixing, the mass percentage of the noble metal salt in the solution is 0.5-3%.
6. The normal temperature catalyst as set forth in claim 5, wherein in the step B, the drying temperature is 90-150 ℃, and the roasting temperature is 300-500 ℃; the impregnation is carried out under the condition of constant temperature, the temperature is controlled to be 60-90 ℃, and the impregnation time is 5-10 hours.
7. A composite filter screen comprising a catalyst layer made using the normal temperature catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and a skeletal support layer and a dense layer, the skeletal support layer being disposed between the catalyst layer and the dense layer.
8. The composite screen of claim 7, wherein the composite screen is folded and cut for use.
9. The composite screen of claim 7, wherein the skeletal carrier layer is PET.
10. The composite screen of claim 9, wherein the skeletal support layer is a PET felt having an areal density of 60-150g/m 2.
11. The composite filter screen of claim 7, wherein the catalyst layer is obtained by ball milling a normal temperature catalyst with water and coating the catalyst layer on the surface of the framework support layer.
12. The composite filter screen of claim 11, wherein the mass ratio of the normal temperature catalyst to the water is 1-5: 10-30.
13. The composite screen of any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the compact layer is PP and/or fiberglass.
14. The composite screen of claim 13, wherein the densified layer has a thickness of 1-5 mm.
15. Use of a composite screen according to any one of claims 7 to 14 in an air cleaning apparatus.
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| "Pt/MnOx-CeO2 catalysts for the complete oxidation of formaldehyde at ambient temperature";Tang, Xingfu et al.;《APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL》;20080530;第81卷(第1-2期);第115-121页 * |
| "室内甲醛催化氧化脱除的研究进展";何运兵等;《化工进展》;20070825;第1104-1109页 * |
| "甲醛催化氧化催化剂的研究进展（英文）";拜冰阳等;《催化学报》;20160115(第01期);第102-122页 * |
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