CN109599741B - High-repetition-frequency ultrafast laser pulse train generation device and control method thereof - Google Patents
High-repetition-frequency ultrafast laser pulse train generation device and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109599741B CN109599741B CN201910083018.5A CN201910083018A CN109599741B CN 109599741 B CN109599741 B CN 109599741B CN 201910083018 A CN201910083018 A CN 201910083018A CN 109599741 B CN109599741 B CN 109599741B
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/08059—Constructional details of the reflector, e.g. shape
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
- H01S3/0813—Configuration of resonator
- H01S3/0816—Configuration of resonator having 4 reflectors, e.g. Z-shaped resonators
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
- H01S3/083—Ring lasers
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/086—One or more reflectors having variable properties or positions for initial adjustment of the resonator
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10061—Polarization control
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/107—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using electro-optic devices, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect
Abstract
The invention discloses a high repetition frequency ultrafast laser pulse train generating device and a control method thereof. The pulse laser adopts a linear resonant cavity or a ring resonant cavity, one reflector is a partial transmission partial reflector and is used as an output mirror, an output pulse is output when pulse laser reaches the output mirror to form an output pulse string, and the number of the output pulse strings meeting the requirement is obtained by controlling the high-voltage duration time of a Pockels cell; the gain of the energy supply device in the resonant cavity to the laser pulse is controlled to obtain the energy of the output pulse train meeting the requirement; the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is a double-structure pulse train which is arranged in a pulse envelope with low repetition frequency and comprises sub-pulse trains with high repetition frequency, the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is determined by a repetition frequency conversion system, and the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse trains in each pulse envelope is determined by the length of the ring-shaped resonant cavity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a femtosecond laser technology, in particular to a high repetition frequency ultrafast laser pulse train generating device and a control method thereof.
Background
The laser pulse average power is the product of the single pulse energy and the repetition rate. The average power of the laser pulses cannot be increased indefinitely in view of thermal effects. When the laser outputs high energy, the repetition frequency is necessarily sacrificed, and it is difficult to obtain high energy to obtain high repetition frequency. In the current laser technology, an oscillator can output laser light with tens of MHz magnitude, but the energy is usually in ten nJ magnitude, an amplifier can obtain higher energy, but the repetition frequency is in hundred KHz magnitude at most. Due to the bottleneck of thermal effect, it is difficult to obtain several tens uJ laser pulses at the same time with MHz repetition frequency. However, in practical applications, ultrashort laser pulses with repetition frequency of the order of MHz and energy of tens uJ are often required, and new technology is urgently needed to be developed to obtain such laser pulses.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a high repetition rate ultrafast laser pulse train generating apparatus and a control method thereof.
One objective of the present invention is to provide a high repetition rate ultrafast laser pulse train generating apparatus.
The high repetition frequency ultrafast laser pulse train generating device adopts a linear resonant cavity or an annular resonant cavity.
By adopting a linear resonant cavity, the high repetition frequency ultrafast laser pulse train generating device of the invention comprises: a millifocal laser pulse amplification system, a repetition frequency conversion system, a linear resonant cavity, a polarizer, a Pockels cell, a quarter-wave plate and an energy supply device; the linear resonant cavity is composed of an end mirror and an output mirror, the end mirror is a high-reflection mirror, and the output mirror is a partial transmission partial reflector; a quarter wave plate, a Pockels cell, a polarizer and an energy supply device are sequentially arranged in the linear resonant cavity from the end mirror to the output mirror; the millifocal laser pulse amplification system outputs low-frequency laser pulses, and the repetition frequency of the laser pulses is modulated by the repetition frequency conversion system; the first polarized light output by the repetition frequency conversion system is reflected by a polarizer and enters a linear resonant cavity, at the moment, no voltage is applied to the Pockels cell, the Pockels cell is in a full-wave plate state, the first polarized light is changed into circularly polarized light after passing through a quarter-wave plate, laser pulses are reflected by an end mirror and then pass through the quarter-wave plate and the Pockels cell again, the circularly polarized light is changed into second polarized light, the polarization states of the first polarized light and the second polarized light are linear polarization, and the polarization directions are vertical; when the energy passes through the energy supply device through the polarizer, the energy is amplified and then transmitted to the output mirror, part of laser pulses are output through the output mirror, at this time, the first output pulse of the output pulse train is obtained, part of the laser pulses are reflected through the output mirror and pass through the energy supply device again, the laser pulses are amplified, and the loss caused by the output mirror in the linear resonant cavity is compensated; when the laser pulse stays between the Pockels cell and the output mirror, a quarter-wave voltage is applied to the Pockels cell to change the state of the Pockels cell, and the Pockels cell state is a quarter-wave plate at the moment, so that the laser pulse is enabled to be in a pulse shapeThe polarization state of the impulse is always the second polarization between the pockels cell and the output mirror; the laser pulse keeps resonant in the linear resonant cavity during the quarter-wave voltage is applied to the Pockels cell, and an output pulse is output every time the laser pulse is transmitted by the output mirror to form an output pulse train; the interval of the output pulses of the output mirror is the time of one round trip of the laser pulse passing through the linear resonant cavity, and the interval time is t1＝2L1/c，L1Is the cavity length of the linear resonant cavity, and c is the speed of light; when the laser pulse in the linear resonant cavity is not attenuated and does not need to be output any more, when the laser pulse stays between the Pockels cell and the output mirror, the quarter-wave voltage is removed from the Pockels cell, the second polarized light is changed into the first polarized light after passing through the Pockels cell for two times, the laser pulse is reflected out of the linear resonant cavity after passing through the polarizer, and at the moment, the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is ended; or the pockels cell keeps the quarter-wave voltage until the laser pulse is automatically attenuated, the quarter-wave voltage of the pockels cell is removed, the output mirror stops outputting the output pulse train with high repetition frequency, and in this case, the polarizer does not output laser; the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is a double-structure pulse train which contains sub-pulse trains with high repetition frequency in the pulse envelope with low repetition frequency, the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is determined by a repetition frequency conversion system, and the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse trains in each pulse envelope is determined by the length of the linear resonant cavity.
The end mirror of the linear resonant cavity is a high-reflection mirror, and the reflectivity is more than 99%; the output mirror is a partially transmissive partially reflective mirror with a reflectivity of less than 98% and greater than 70%.
By adopting a ring resonator, the high repetition frequency ultrafast laser pulse train generating device of the present invention comprises: a millifocal laser pulse amplification system, a repetition frequency conversion system, an annular resonant cavity, an input polarizer, an output polarizer, a Pockels cell, a half-wave plate and an energy supply device; the annular resonant cavity is composed of a first reflector, a second reflector and a third reflector, wherein the first reflector, the third reflector and the fourth reflector are high-reflection reflectors used as cavity reflectors, and the second reflector is a partial transmission partial reflector used as an output reflector; from the first mirror to the second mirror in the ring resonatorThe two reflecting mirrors are sequentially provided with an output polarizer, a half-wave plate, a Pockels cell and an input polarizer, and an energy supply device is arranged between the third reflecting mirror and the fourth reflecting mirror; the millifocal laser pulse amplification system outputs low-frequency laser pulses, and the repetition frequency of the laser pulses is modulated by the repetition frequency conversion system; the first polarized light output by the repetition frequency conversion system is reflected by an input polarizer and enters an annular resonant cavity, at the moment, no voltage is applied to a Pockels cell, the Pockels cell is in a full-wave plate state, the first polarized light is changed into second polarized light after passing through a half-wave plate, the polarization states of the first polarized light and the second polarized light are linear polarization and are vertical to the polarization direction, the second polarized laser pulse is transmitted by an output polarizer, is reflected by a first reflector and a fourth reflector and then passes through an energy supply device, energy is amplified, is reflected by a third reflector and then is transmitted to the second reflector for output, at the moment, the second polarized laser pulse is the first output pulse of an output pulse train, and part of the laser pulse is reflected by the second reflector and returns; when the laser pulse stays in the Pockels cell, applying a half-wave voltage to the Pockels cell to change the state of the Pockels cell, wherein the Pockels cell state is a half-wave plate, so that the polarization state of the laser pulse is always the second polarization when passing through the output polarizer and the input polarizer; the laser pulse keeps resonant in the annular resonant cavity during the application of half-wave voltage to the Pockels cell, and an output pulse is output every time the laser pulse is transmitted by the second reflector to form an output pulse train; the output pulses from the second reflector are spaced by a round trip time of the laser pulses through the ring resonator, the spacing time being t2＝L2/c，L2Is the cavity length of the ring resonator, and c is the speed of light; when the laser pulse in the annular resonant cavity is not automatically attenuated and does not need to be output any more, when the laser pulse stays between the Pockels cell and the second reflector, the half-wave voltage is removed from the Pockels cell, the second polarized light is changed into first polarized light through the Pockels cell and the half-wave plate, the laser pulse is reflected out of the annular resonant cavity after passing through the output polarizer, and at the moment, the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is ended; or the pockels cell keeps the half-wave voltage until the pulse self-attenuation is finished, and the half-wave voltage of the pockels cell is removed at the momentThe fourth mirror stops outputting the output pulse train of high repetition frequency, in which case the output polarizer does not output laser light; the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is a double-structure pulse train which is arranged in a pulse envelope with low repetition frequency and comprises sub-pulse trains with high repetition frequency, the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is determined by a repetition frequency conversion system, and the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse trains in each pulse envelope is determined by the length of the ring-shaped resonant cavity.
The first polarized light and the second polarized light are linearly polarized and have vertical polarization directions, namely the first polarized light is vertically polarized light, and the second polarized light is horizontally polarized light; the first polarized light is horizontally polarized light, and the second polarized light is vertically polarized light. The first polarization and the second polarization are both linearly polarized polarization states, and the polarization directions are vertical, namely the first polarization is vertical polarization, and the second polarization is horizontal polarization; the first polarization is horizontal polarization and the second polarization is vertical polarization.
The first, third and fourth reflectors of the ring resonator are cavity mirrors, high-reflectivity mirrors are adopted, and the reflectivity is more than 99%; the second reflector is an output reflector, and the reflectivity of the second reflector is less than 98% and more than 70% by adopting a partial transmission partial reflector.
The pulse amplification system of the millijoule laser is a laser amplification system with the repetition frequency less than 100Khz and the energy less than 10 mJ.
The repetition frequency conversion system adopts a Pockels cell to modulate the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope, so that the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is adjustable between 100KHz and 1 Hz.
The polarizer reflects the first polarized laser and transmits the second polarized laser; a three-dimensional polarizing element based on birefringence properties or a sheet polarizer based on a polarization coating film is adopted.
The Pockels cell is in a full wave plate state when the voltage is removed, the Pockels cell is in a half wave plate state after the half wave voltage is applied and is used for an annular resonant cavity, and the Pockels cell is in a quarter wave plate state after the quarter wave voltage is applied and is used for a linear resonant cavity, so that the polarization of incident laser pulses is changed, and the laser pulses are left in the resonant cavity by combining with a polarizer. The number of output pulse trains meeting the requirements is obtained by controlling the high voltage duration of the pockels cell.
The energy supply device comprises a gain crystal and a pumping source, wherein the pumping source pumps the gain crystal, and the gain crystal is positioned in the resonant cavity and provides gain amplification for laser pulses circulating in the resonant cavity; and the energy of the output pulse train meeting the requirement is obtained by controlling the gain of the linear resonant cavity or the ring resonant cavity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling a high repetition rate ultrafast laser pulse train generating apparatus.
The invention discloses a control method of a high repetition frequency ultrafast laser pulse train generating device, which adopts a linear resonant cavity and comprises the following steps:
1) the millifocal laser pulse amplification system outputs low-frequency laser pulses, and the repetition frequency of the laser pulses is modulated by the repetition frequency conversion system;
2) the first polarized light output by the repetition frequency conversion system is reflected by a polarizer and enters a linear resonant cavity, at the moment, no voltage is applied to the Pockels cell, the Pockels cell is in a full-wave plate state, the first polarized light is changed into circularly polarized light after passing through a quarter-wave plate, laser pulses are reflected by an end mirror and then pass through the quarter-wave plate and the Pockels cell again, the circularly polarized light is changed into second polarized light, the polarization states of the first polarized light and the second polarized light are linear polarization, and the polarization directions are vertical; when the energy passes through the energy supply device through the polarizer, the energy is amplified and then transmitted to the output mirror, part of laser pulses are output through the output mirror, at this time, the first output pulse of the output pulse train is obtained, part of the laser pulses are reflected through the output mirror and pass through the energy supply device again, the laser pulses are amplified, and the loss caused by the output mirror in the linear resonant cavity is compensated;
3) when the laser pulse stays between the Pockels cell and the output mirror, applying a quarter-wave voltage to the Pockels cell to change the state of the Pockels cell, wherein the Pockels cell state is a quarter-wave plate, so that the polarization state of the laser pulse is always the second polarization between the Pockels cell and the output mirror;
4) the laser pulses remain on-line during the application of the quarter-wave voltage to the pockels cellResonant in the cavity, outputting an output pulse every time the output mirror transmits to form an output pulse train; the interval of the output pulses of the output mirror is the time of one round trip of the laser pulse passing through the linear resonant cavity, and the interval time is t1＝2L1/c，L1Is the cavity length of the linear resonant cavity, and c is the speed of light;
5) when the laser pulse in the linear resonant cavity is not attenuated and does not need to be output any more, when the laser pulse stays between the Pockels cell and the output mirror, the quarter-wave voltage is removed from the Pockels cell, the second polarized light is changed into the first polarized light after passing through the Pockels cell for two times, the laser pulse is reflected out of the linear resonant cavity after passing through the polarizer, and at the moment, the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is ended; or the pockels cell keeps the quarter-wave voltage until the laser pulse is automatically attenuated, the quarter-wave voltage of the pockels cell is removed, the output mirror stops outputting the output pulse train with high repetition frequency, and in this case, the polarizer does not output laser; the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is a double-structure pulse train which contains sub-pulse trains with high repetition frequency in the pulse envelope with low repetition frequency, the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is determined by a repetition frequency conversion system, and the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse trains in each pulse envelope is determined by the length of the linear resonant cavity.
The invention discloses a control method of a high repetition frequency ultrafast laser pulse train generating device, which adopts a ring-shaped resonant cavity and comprises the following steps:
1) the millifocal laser pulse amplification system outputs low-frequency laser pulses, and the repetition frequency of the laser pulses is modulated by the repetition frequency conversion system;
2) the first polarized light output by the repetition frequency conversion system is reflected by an input polarizer and enters an annular resonant cavity, at the moment, no voltage is applied to a Pockels cell, the Pockels cell is in a full-wave plate state, the first polarized light is changed into second polarized light after passing through a half-wave plate, the polarization states of the first polarized light and the second polarized light are linear polarization and are vertical to the polarization direction, the second polarized laser pulse is transmitted by an output polarizer, is reflected by a first reflector and a fourth reflector and then passes through an energy supply device, energy is amplified, is reflected by a third reflector and then is transmitted to the second reflector for output, at the moment, the second polarized laser pulse is the first output pulse of an output pulse train, and part of the laser pulse is reflected by the second reflector and returns;
3) when the laser pulse stays in the Pockels cell, applying a half-wave voltage to the Pockels cell to change the state of the Pockels cell, wherein the Pockels cell state is a half-wave plate, so that the polarization state of the laser pulse is always the second polarization when passing through the output polarizer and the input polarizer;
4) the laser pulse keeps resonant in the annular resonant cavity during the application of half-wave voltage to the Pockels cell, and an output pulse is output every time the laser pulse is transmitted by the second reflector to form an output pulse train; the output pulses from the second reflector are spaced by a round trip time of the laser pulses through the ring resonator, the spacing time being t2＝L2/c，L2Is the cavity length of the ring resonator, and c is the speed of light;
5) when the laser pulse in the annular resonant cavity is not automatically attenuated and does not need to be output any more, when the laser pulse stays between the Pockels cell and the second reflector, the half-wave voltage is removed from the Pockels cell, the second polarized light is changed into first polarized light through the Pockels cell and the half-wave plate, the laser pulse is reflected out of the annular resonant cavity after passing through the output polarizer, and at the moment, the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is ended; or the pockels cell keeps the half-wave voltage until the pulse self-attenuation is finished, the half-wave voltage of the pockels cell is removed, the fourth reflecting mirror stops outputting the output pulse train with high repetition frequency, and in this case, the output polarizer does not output laser; the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is a double-structure pulse train which is arranged in a pulse envelope with low repetition frequency and comprises sub-pulse trains with high repetition frequency, the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is determined by a repetition frequency conversion system, and the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse trains in each pulse envelope is determined by the length of the ring-shaped resonant cavity.
Wherein, the number of output pulse trains meeting the requirements is obtained by controlling the high voltage duration of the pockels cell.
The gain of the energy supply device in the linear resonant cavity or the annular resonant cavity to the laser pulse is controlled to obtain the energy of the output pulse train meeting the requirement.
The invention has the advantages that:
the pulse laser adopts a linear resonant cavity or a ring resonant cavity, one reflector is a partial transmission partial reflector and is used as an output mirror, an output pulse is output when pulse laser reaches the output mirror to form an output pulse string, and the number of the output pulse strings meeting the requirement is obtained by controlling the high-voltage duration time of a Pockels cell; the gain of the energy supply device in the resonant cavity to the laser pulse is controlled to obtain the energy of the output pulse train meeting the requirement; the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is a double-structure pulse train which is arranged in a pulse envelope with low repetition frequency and comprises sub-pulse trains with high repetition frequency, the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is determined by a repetition frequency conversion system, and the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse trains in each pulse envelope is determined by the length of the ring-shaped resonant cavity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a high repetition rate ultrafast laser pulse train generating apparatus employing a linear resonant cavity in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the distribution of the internal modes of the linear resonator employed in the high repetition rate ultrafast laser pulse train generating apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a high repetition rate ultrafast laser pulse train generating apparatus employing a ring resonator according to the present invention
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the distribution of internal modes of the ring resonator employed in the high repetition rate ultrafast laser burst generating apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated by means of specific embodiments in the following with reference to the drawing.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment employs a linear resonant cavity, and the apparatus for generating a high repetition frequency ultrafast laser pulse train includes: a millifocal laser pulse amplification system, a repetition frequency conversion system, a linear resonant cavity, a polarizer, a Pockels cell, a quarter-wave plate and an energy supply device; wherein the energy is suppliedThe apparatus includes a gain crystal 24 and a pump source 26, the pump source 26 being connected to the gain crystal 24; the linear resonant cavity is composed of an end mirror 21 and an output mirror 27 which are opposite, wherein the end mirror 21 is a high-reflection mirror, and the output mirror 27 is a partial reflection partial transmission mirror; a quarter wave plate 28, a Pockels cell 22, a polarizer 23 and a gain crystal 24 are sequentially arranged in the linear resonant cavity from the end mirror 21 to the output mirror 27; the millijoule laser pulse amplification system outputs low-frequency low-energy laser pulse, and the repetition frequency of the laser pulse is modulated by the repetition frequency conversion system; the vertically polarized light output by the repetition frequency conversion system is reflected by a polarizer 23 and enters a linear resonant cavity, at the moment, no voltage is applied to the Pockels cell 22, the Pockels cell 22 is in a full-wave plate state, the vertically polarized light is changed into circularly polarized light after passing through a quarter-wave plate 28, a laser pulse is reflected by an end mirror 21 and then passes through the quarter-wave plate 28 and the Pockels cell 22 again, the circularly polarized light is changed into second polarized light, when the laser pulse passes through a gain crystal 24 through the polarizer 23, the energy is amplified and then transmitted to an output mirror 27, a part of the laser pulse is output through the output mirror 27, at the moment, the laser pulse is the first output pulse of an output pulse train, a part of the laser pulse is reflected by the output mirror 27 and then passes through the gain crystal 24 again, the laser pulse is amplified, and loss; changing the state of the pockels cell 22 while the laser pulse stays between the pockels cell 22 and the output mirror 27, applying a quarter-wave voltage to the pockels cell 22, so that the laser pulse is always of a second polarization between the pockels cell 22 and the output mirror 27; the laser pulses are kept resonant in the linear resonant cavity during the quarter-wave voltage applied to the pockels cell 22, and one output pulse is output every time the laser pulses are transmitted through the output mirror 27, so that an output pulse train is formed; the output pulses from the output mirror 27 are spaced one round trip time from the laser pulse through the linear resonator for a time interval t1＝2L1/c，L1Is the cavity length of the linear resonant cavity, and c is the speed of light; when the laser pulse in the linear resonant cavity is not attenuated and does not need to be output any more, the quarter-wave voltage is removed from the pockels cell 22 when the selected laser pulse stays between the pockels cell 22 and the output mirror 27, and the second polarized light passes through the pockels cell 22 twice and becomes vertically polarized lightThe light, laser pulse reflects out of the linear resonant cavity after passing through the polarizer 23, at which time the output pulse train of high repetition frequency ends; alternatively, the quarter-wave voltage of pockels cell 22 is held for a longer time until the pulse self-decay ends, and output mirror 27 ends outputting the pulse train, in which case polarizer 23 does not output laser light;
as shown in fig. 2, the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is a dual-structure pulse train including a sub-pulse train with high repetition frequency in the pulse envelope with low repetition frequency, the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is determined by the repetition frequency conversion system, and the dual-structure pulse train is a pulse envelope with repetition frequency less than hundred KHz; the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse trains in each pulse envelope is determined by the length of the linear resonant cavity, the sub-pulse trains with the pulse interval smaller than 1 mu s, the repetition frequency larger than 1MHz, the controllable number of pulses and the energy larger than 10 mu J are arranged in each envelope. The number of output pulse trains meeting the requirements is obtained by controlling the high voltage duration of the pockels cell. The gain of the energy supply device in the linear resonant cavity to the laser pulse is controlled, so that the energy of the output pulse train meeting the requirement is obtained.
Example two
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, a ring resonator is adopted, and the high repetition rate ultrafast laser pulse train generating apparatus includes: a millifocal laser pulse amplification system, a repetition frequency conversion system, an annular resonant cavity, an input polarizer 36, an output polarizer 38, a Pockels cell 22, a half-wave plate 37 and an energy supply device; wherein, the energy supply device comprises a gain crystal 24 and a pump source 26, and the pump source 26 is connected to the gain crystal 24; the annular resonant cavity is composed of first to fourth reflectors 31-34, wherein the first, third and fourth reflectors 31, 33 and 34 are high-reflection reflectors used as cavity reflectors, and the second reflector 32 is a partial transmission partial reflector used as an output reflector; placing in order within the ring resonator from the first mirror to the second mirror an output polarizer 38, a half-wave plate 37, the pockels cell 22 and an input polarizer 36, and a gain crystal 24 between the third mirror and the fourth mirror; the millijoule laser pulse amplification system outputs low-frequency low-energy laser pulse, and the repetition frequency of the laser pulse is modulated by the repetition frequency conversion system; warp beamThe vertically polarized light output by the repetition frequency conversion system is reflected by an input polarizer 36 and enters the ring-shaped resonant cavity, at this time, no voltage is applied to the Pockels cell 22, the Pockels cell 22 is in a full-wave plate state, the vertically polarized light is changed into second polarized light after passing through a half-wave plate 37, after being transmitted by an output polarizer 38, the laser pulse is reflected by first and fourth reflectors 31 and 34 and then passes through a gain crystal 24, energy is amplified, the laser pulse is reflected by a third reflector 33 again and then is transmitted to a second reflector 32 to be output, at this time, the laser pulse is the first output pulse of an output pulse train, and part of the laser pulse is reflected by the second reflector and returns; changing the state of the pockels cell 22 while the laser pulse stays between the second mirror and the pockels cell 22, applying a half-wave voltage to the pockels cell 22, such that the laser pulse is always of the second polarization between the pockels cell 22 and the second mirror 32; the laser pulses are kept in resonance in the annular resonant cavity during the application of the half-wave voltage to the pockels cell 22, and one output pulse is output every time the laser pulses are transmitted by the second reflector 32, so that an output pulse train is formed; the output pulses from the second mirror 32 are spaced one round trip of the laser pulse through the ring resonator for a time interval t2＝L2/c，L2Is the cavity length of the ring resonator, and c is the speed of light; when the laser pulse in the annular resonant cavity is not attenuated by itself and is no longer required to be output, when the laser pulse is selected to stay between the Pockels cell 22 and the second reflector, the half-wave voltage is removed from the Pockels cell 22, the second polarized light is changed into vertical polarized light through the Pockels cell 22 and the half-wave plate 37, the laser pulse is reflected out of the annular resonant cavity after passing through the output polarizer 38, and at the moment, the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is ended; alternatively, the half-wave voltage of the pockels cell 22 is held for a longer time until the end of the self-decay of the pulse, the fourth mirror 34 ends the output pulse train, in which case the output polarizer 38 does not output laser light; the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is a double-structure pulse train which is arranged in a pulse envelope with low repetition frequency and comprises sub-pulse trains with high repetition frequency, the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is determined by a repetition frequency conversion system, and the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse trains in each pulse envelope is determined by the length of the ring-shaped resonant cavity.
As shown in fig. 4, the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is a dual-structure pulse train including a sub-pulse train with high repetition frequency in the pulse envelope with low repetition frequency, the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is determined by the repetition frequency conversion system, and the dual-structure pulse train is a pulse envelope with repetition frequency less than hundred KHz; the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse trains in each pulse envelope is determined by the length of the ring-shaped resonant cavity, the sub-pulse trains with pulse interval smaller than 1 mu s, repetition frequency larger than 1MHz, controllable pulse number and energy larger than 10 mu J are arranged in each envelope. The number of output pulse trains meeting the requirements is obtained by controlling the high voltage duration of the pockels cell. The energy of the output pulse train meeting the requirement is obtained by controlling the gain of the energy supply device in the ring-shaped resonant cavity to the laser pulse
Finally, it is noted that the disclosed embodiments are intended to aid in further understanding of the invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiments disclosed, but the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A high repetition rate ultrafast laser pulse train generating apparatus employing a linear resonant cavity, said laser pulse train generating apparatus comprising: a millifocal laser pulse amplification system, a repetition frequency conversion system, a linear resonant cavity, a polarizer, a Pockels cell, a quarter-wave plate and an energy supply device; the linear resonant cavity is composed of an end mirror and an output mirror, the end mirror is a high-reflection mirror, and the output mirror is a partial transmission partial reflector; a quarter wave plate, a Pockels cell, a polarizer and an energy supply device are sequentially arranged in the linear resonant cavity from the end mirror to the output mirror; the energy supply device comprises a gain crystal and a pumping source, wherein the pumping source pumps the gain crystal, and the gain crystal is positioned in the linear resonant cavity; the millifocal laser pulse amplification system outputs low-frequency laser pulses, and the repetition frequency of the laser pulses is modulated by the repetition frequency conversion system; first polarization output by repetition frequency conversion systemThe light is reflected by the polarizer and enters the linear resonant cavity, at the moment, no voltage is applied to the Pockels cell, the Pockels cell is in a full-wave plate state, the first polarized light is changed into circularly polarized light after passing through the quarter-wave plate, the laser pulse is reflected by the end mirror and then passes through the quarter-wave plate and the Pockels cell again, the circularly polarized light is changed into second polarized light, the polarization states of the first polarized light and the second polarized light are linear polarization, and the polarization directions are vertical; when the energy passes through the energy supply device through the polarizer, the energy is amplified and then transmitted to the output mirror, part of laser pulses are output through the output mirror, at this time, the first output pulse of the output pulse train is obtained, part of the laser pulses are reflected through the output mirror and pass through the energy supply device again, the laser pulses are amplified, and the loss caused by the output mirror in the linear resonant cavity is compensated; when the laser pulse stays between the Pockels cell and the output mirror, applying a quarter-wave voltage to the Pockels cell to change the state of the Pockels cell, wherein the Pockels cell state is a quarter-wave plate, so that the polarization state of the laser pulse is always the second polarization between the Pockels cell and the output mirror; the laser pulse keeps resonant in the linear resonant cavity during the quarter-wave voltage is applied to the Pockels cell, and an output pulse is output every time the laser pulse is transmitted by the output mirror to form an output pulse train; the interval of the output pulses of the output mirror is the time of one round trip of the laser pulse passing through the linear resonant cavity, and the interval time is t1＝2L1/c，L1Is the cavity length of the linear resonant cavity, and c is the speed of light; when the laser pulse in the linear resonant cavity is not attenuated and does not need to be output any more, when the laser pulse stays between the Pockels cell and the output mirror, the quarter-wave voltage is removed from the Pockels cell, the second polarized light is changed into the first polarized light after passing through the Pockels cell for two times, the laser pulse is reflected out of the linear resonant cavity after passing through the polarizer, and at the moment, the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is ended; or the pockels cell keeps the quarter-wave voltage until the laser pulse is automatically attenuated, the quarter-wave voltage of the pockels cell is removed, the output mirror stops outputting the output pulse train with high repetition frequency, and in this case, the polarizer does not output laser; the output pulse train of high repetition frequency is of low repetition frequencyThe pulse envelope of (1) comprises a double-structure pulse train of sub-pulse trains with high repetition frequency, the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is determined by a repetition frequency conversion system, and the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse train in each pulse envelope is determined by the length of a linear resonant cavity.
2. The laser pulse train generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reflectivity of the end mirror of the linear resonator is greater than 99%; the reflectivity of the output mirror is less than 98% and greater than 70%.
3. A high repetition rate ultrafast laser pulse train generating apparatus employing a ring resonator, said laser pulse train generating apparatus comprising: a millifocal laser pulse amplification system, a repetition frequency conversion system, an annular resonant cavity, an input polarizer, an output polarizer, a Pockels cell, a half-wave plate and an energy supply device; the annular resonant cavity is composed of a first reflector, a second reflector and a third reflector, wherein the first reflector, the third reflector and the fourth reflector are high-reflection reflectors used as cavity reflectors, and the second reflector is a partial transmission partial reflector used as an output reflector; an output polarizer, a half-wave plate, a Pockels cell and an input polarizer are sequentially arranged in the annular resonant cavity from the first reflecting mirror to the second reflecting mirror, and an energy supply device is arranged between the third reflecting mirror and the fourth reflecting mirror; the energy supply device comprises a gain crystal and a pumping source, wherein the pumping source pumps the gain crystal, and the gain crystal is positioned in the linear resonant cavity; the millifocal laser pulse amplification system outputs low-frequency laser pulses, and the repetition frequency of the laser pulses is modulated by the repetition frequency conversion system; the first polarized light output by the repetition frequency conversion system is reflected by the input polarizer and enters the annular resonant cavity, at the moment, no voltage is applied to the Pockels cell, the Pockels cell is in a full-wave plate state, the first polarized light is changed into second polarized light after passing through a half-wave plate, the polarization states of the first polarized light and the second polarized light are linear polarization and are vertical in polarization direction, the second polarized laser pulse is transmitted by the output polarizer, is reflected by the first reflector and the fourth reflector, amplifies energy when passing through the energy supply device, is reflected by the third reflector again and is transmitted to the second reflectorMirror output, which is the first output pulse of the output pulse train, and part of the laser pulse is reflected back by the second mirror; when the laser pulse stays in the Pockels cell, applying a half-wave voltage to the Pockels cell to change the state of the Pockels cell, wherein the Pockels cell state is a half-wave plate, so that the polarization state of the laser pulse is always the second polarization when passing through the output polarizer and the input polarizer; the laser pulse keeps resonant in the annular resonant cavity during the application of half-wave voltage to the Pockels cell, and an output pulse is output every time the laser pulse is transmitted by the second reflector to form an output pulse train; the output pulses from the second reflector are spaced by a round trip time of the laser pulses through the ring resonator, the spacing time being t2＝L2/c，L2Is the cavity length of the ring resonator, and c is the speed of light; when the laser pulse in the annular resonant cavity is not automatically attenuated and does not need to be output any more, when the laser pulse stays between the Pockels cell and the second reflector, the half-wave voltage is removed from the Pockels cell, the second polarized light is changed into first polarized light through the Pockels cell and the half-wave plate, the laser pulse is reflected out of the annular resonant cavity after passing through the output polarizer, and at the moment, the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is ended; or the pockels cell keeps the half-wave voltage until the pulse self-attenuation is finished, the half-wave voltage of the pockels cell is removed at the moment, the fourth reflecting mirror stops outputting the output pulse train with high repetition frequency, and in this case, the output polarizer does not output laser; the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is a double-structure pulse train which is arranged in a pulse envelope with low repetition frequency and comprises sub-pulse trains with high repetition frequency, the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is determined by a repetition frequency conversion system, and the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse trains in each pulse envelope is determined by the length of the ring-shaped resonant cavity.
4. The laser pulse train generating apparatus of claim 3, wherein the reflectivity of the first, third and fourth mirrors of the ring resonator is greater than 99%; the reflectivity of the second mirror is less than 98% and greater than 70%.
5. The laser pulse train generating apparatus of claim 1 or 3, wherein the mJ laser pulse amplification system is a repetition rate of less than 100Khz and an energy of less than 10mJ laser amplification system.
6. The laser pulse train generating apparatus according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the repetition rate conversion system modulates the repetition rate of the pulse envelope using a pockels cell, so that the repetition rate of the pulse envelope is adjustable between 100KHz and 1 Hz.
7. A laser pulse train generating device as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the polarizer is reflective for the laser light of the first polarization and transmissive for the laser light of the second polarization; a three-dimensional polarizing element based on birefringence properties or a sheet polarizer based on a polarization coating film is adopted.
8. A laser pulse train generating apparatus according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the energy supply means provides gain amplification to the laser pulses circulating in the resonator; and the energy of the output pulse train meeting the requirement is obtained by controlling the gain of the linear resonant cavity or the ring resonant cavity.
9. A control method for a high repetition rate ultrafast laser pulse train generating apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a linear cavity resonator is employed, said control method comprising the steps of:
1) the millifocal laser pulse amplification system outputs low-frequency laser pulses, and the repetition frequency of the laser pulses is modulated by the repetition frequency conversion system;
2) the first polarized light output by the repetition frequency conversion system is reflected by a polarizer and enters a linear resonant cavity, at the moment, no voltage is applied to the Pockels cell, the Pockels cell is in a full-wave plate state, the first polarized light is changed into circularly polarized light after passing through a quarter-wave plate, laser pulses are reflected by an end mirror and then pass through the quarter-wave plate and the Pockels cell again, the circularly polarized light is changed into second polarized light, the polarization states of the first polarized light and the second polarized light are linear polarization, and the polarization directions are vertical; when the energy passes through the energy supply device through the polarizer, the energy is amplified and then transmitted to the output mirror, part of laser pulses are output through the output mirror, at this time, the first output pulse of the output pulse train is obtained, part of the laser pulses are reflected through the output mirror and pass through the energy supply device again, the laser pulses are amplified, and the loss caused by the output mirror in the linear resonant cavity is compensated; the energy supply device comprises a gain crystal and a pumping source, wherein the pumping source pumps the gain crystal, and the gain crystal is positioned in the linear resonant cavity;
3) when the laser pulse stays between the Pockels cell and the output mirror, applying a quarter-wave voltage to the Pockels cell to change the state of the Pockels cell, wherein the Pockels cell state is a quarter-wave plate, so that the polarization state of the laser pulse is always the second polarization between the Pockels cell and the output mirror;
4) the laser pulse keeps resonant in the linear resonant cavity during the quarter-wave voltage is applied to the Pockels cell, and an output pulse is output every time the laser pulse is transmitted by the output mirror to form an output pulse train; the interval of the output pulses of the output mirror is the time of one round trip of the laser pulse passing through the linear resonant cavity, and the interval time is t1＝2L1/c，L1Is the cavity length of the linear resonant cavity, and c is the speed of light;
5) when the laser pulse in the linear resonant cavity is not attenuated and does not need to be output any more, when the laser pulse stays between the Pockels cell and the output mirror, the quarter-wave voltage is removed from the Pockels cell, the second polarized light is changed into the first polarized light after passing through the Pockels cell for two times, the laser pulse is reflected out of the linear resonant cavity after passing through the polarizer, and at the moment, the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is ended; or the pockels cell keeps the quarter-wave voltage until the laser pulse is automatically attenuated, the quarter-wave voltage of the pockels cell is removed, the output mirror stops outputting the output pulse train with high repetition frequency, and in this case, the polarizer does not output laser; the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is a double-structure pulse train which contains sub-pulse trains with high repetition frequency in the pulse envelope with low repetition frequency, the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is determined by a repetition frequency conversion system, and the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse trains in each pulse envelope is determined by the length of the linear resonant cavity.
10. A control method for a high repetition rate ultrafast laser pulse train generating apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein a ring resonator is employed, said control method comprising the steps of:
1) the millifocal laser pulse amplification system outputs low-frequency laser pulses, and the repetition frequency of the laser pulses is modulated by the repetition frequency conversion system;
2) the first polarized light output by the repetition frequency conversion system is reflected by an input polarizer and enters an annular resonant cavity, at the moment, no voltage is applied to a Pockels cell, the Pockels cell is in a full-wave plate state, the first polarized light is changed into second polarized light after passing through a half-wave plate, the polarization states of the first polarized light and the second polarized light are linear polarization and are vertical to the polarization direction, the second polarized laser pulse is transmitted by an output polarizer, is reflected by a first reflector and a fourth reflector and then passes through an energy supply device, energy is amplified, is reflected by a third reflector and then is transmitted to the second reflector for output, at the moment, the second polarized laser pulse is the first output pulse of an output pulse train, and part of the laser pulse is reflected by the second reflector and returns; the energy supply device comprises a gain crystal and a pumping source, wherein the pumping source pumps the gain crystal, and the gain crystal is positioned in the linear resonant cavity;
3) when the laser pulse stays in the Pockels cell, applying a half-wave voltage to the Pockels cell to change the state of the Pockels cell, wherein the Pockels cell state is a half-wave plate, so that the polarization state of the laser pulse is always the second polarization when passing through the output polarizer and the input polarizer;
4) the laser pulse keeps resonant in the annular resonant cavity during the application of half-wave voltage to the Pockels cell, and an output pulse is output every time the laser pulse is transmitted by the second reflector to form an output pulse train; the output pulses from the second reflector are spaced by a round trip time of the laser pulses through the ring resonator, the spacing time being t2＝L2/c，L2Is the cavity length of the ring resonator, and c is the speed of light;
5) when the laser pulse in the annular resonant cavity is not automatically attenuated and does not need to be output any more, when the laser pulse stays between the Pockels cell and the second reflector, the half-wave voltage is removed from the Pockels cell, the second polarized light is changed into first polarized light through the Pockels cell and the half-wave plate, the laser pulse is reflected out of the annular resonant cavity after passing through the output polarizer, and at the moment, the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is ended; or the pockels cell keeps the half-wave voltage until the pulse self-attenuation is finished, the half-wave voltage of the pockels cell is removed, the fourth reflecting mirror stops outputting the output pulse train with high repetition frequency, and in this case, the output polarizer does not output laser; the output pulse train with high repetition frequency is a double-structure pulse train which is arranged in a pulse envelope with low repetition frequency and comprises sub-pulse trains with high repetition frequency, the repetition frequency of the pulse envelope is determined by a repetition frequency conversion system, and the repetition frequency of the sub-pulse trains in each pulse envelope is determined by the length of the ring-shaped resonant cavity.
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