CN109599576B - 一种具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统和方法 - Google Patents
一种具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了属于新能源汽车领域的一种具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统和方法,该系统是一种通过燃料电池将车载液氢系统停机挥发量转化为电能储存在锂电池内的回收系统。系统由电控单元、压力计、电磁阀、液氢储罐、液氢气化装置、氢气流量压力控制装置、燃料电池电堆、DC/DC、锂电池组、发热电阻和连接管路组成;系统以液氢储罐,压力传感器的罐内压力作为控制器的输入信号,电磁阀、燃料电池系统、DCDC作为控制器的执行器,锂电池组/散热器作为发电电能的储存/消耗场所。本发明通过回收挥发氢气用于发电,储存于锂电池内,系统的能量使用效率明显提高;将储氢罐的压力控制在安全压力内,防止储氢罐压力过高爆炸。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新能源汽车领域,特别涉及一种具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统和方法,
背景技术
燃料电池汽车具有节能、环保等优点,在近年来迅速发展,具有很好的应用前景。尤其在商用车领域,燃料电池汽车和纯电动汽车相比具有更长的续驶里程。然而,氢气作为自然界能量密度极高(氢气热值为143kJ/g,汽油热值约为46kJ/g)的燃料,仍然有很大的提升空间。
目前的储氢方式多为常温35MPa高压氢气瓶,氢气重量占比为2%-3%,而车用燃料对空间利用率往往要求较高,特别是轿车,因为车用燃料过低的空间利用率会挤占行李箱空间以及乘客舱空间;另一方面,在考虑整车重量与行驶阻力关系的前提下,过低的氢气重量占比会限制续航里程的提高。针对上述问题,将液氢储氢系统运用到车用领域上将是一个很好的问题解决途径。
液氢是目前运载火箭主要的燃料,然而由于成本和安全的原因,还没有应用到车用领域。其中一个原因就是有关液氢挥发的安全问题,液氢的沸点是-245℃,远远低于常温20℃,所以液氢的储存一方面需要真空绝热的储罐,另一方面还需要外界的制冷。然而外界制冷装置需要消耗额外的能量,而且本身需要占据一定空间,综合考虑能量利用率和成本,并不适合应用在车用领域,所以在本设计中不考虑外界制冷装置。考虑在常温放置的车载液氢系统,特别是停机情况下,液氢的挥发会造成液氢储罐内的压力升高,过高的压力会超出材料承受极限导致爆炸,另一方面,挥发的氢气如果直接排到大气中,会造成氢气的浪费以及安全隐患。
现有有关液氢的专利中,主要是针对运载火箭的应用,部分是液氢储存系统本身的设计与应用,并未有专利提出针对车载燃料电池液氢系统停机挥发量的回收系统和方法。
本发明针对上述液氢储罐保压问题和氢气回收利用问题,提出了一种针对车载燃料电池液氢系统停机挥发量的回收系统和方法,实现液氢储罐压力稳定以及氢气能量的综合利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统和方法,其特征在于,所述具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统是一种针对车载燃料电池液氢系统停机挥发量的回收系统,该具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统包括:电控单元(ECU)1、压力计2、A电磁阀3、B电磁阀乙5、液氢储罐4、液氢气化装置6、氢气流量压力控制装置7、燃料电池电堆8、DC/DC 9、锂电池组10、发热电阻11和连接管路组成;其中,电控单元1分别与压力计2连接、A电磁阀3和锂电池组10的连接节点连接;A电磁阀3分别与压力计2和液氢储罐4的连接节点连接、液氢气化装置6和氢气流量压力控制装置7的连接节点连接;B电磁阀5连接在液氢气化装置6和液氢储罐4之间;燃料电池电堆8分别连接氢气流量压力控制装置7、液氢气化装置6和DC/DC 9;锂电池组10通过一个四通分别连接发热电阻11和DC/DC 9;
所述液氢储罐4,压力传感器压力计2指示的液氢储罐内压力作为电控单元1的输入信号,A电磁阀3、B电磁阀5、燃料电池电堆8、DCDC 9作为氢气流量压力控制装置7的执行器,锂电池组10/发热电阻11作为发电电能的储存/消耗场所。
一种具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统的挥发氢气回收方法,其特征在于,该系统根据燃料电池发动机开机和停机分为两种模式:
(a)燃料电池电堆8工作时,挥发氢气回收系统管路12中的A电磁阀甲3关闭,液氢的进堆管路13中B电磁阀5开启,燃料电池发动机冷却系统工作;液氢通过压力装置从液氢储罐4进入液氢的进堆管路13,经过B电磁阀5,进入到液氢气化装置6被加热气化,通过氢气流量压力控制装置7后,进入到燃料电池电堆8,冷却系统冷却水通过氢气气化装置7被制冷,将燃料电池电堆8工作温度控制在合理水平,燃料电池发动机冷却系统停止工作。这样设计的理由是:液氢挥发变为气态氢气由于密度较低,会汇集于储氢罐上部,所以需要在储氢罐4上部设置气体入口;液氢储罐4内挥发的氢气已经是气态氢气,不需要进入液氢气化装置6进行加热;
(b)燃料电池电堆8停机时,挥发氢气回收系统管路12中的A电磁阀甲3关闭,液氢的进堆管路13中B电磁阀5关闭,燃料电池电堆的阳极入口关闭,燃料电池发动机冷却系统停止工作;压力计2将测量到的液氢储罐4氢气压力输入控制单元1,当测量的氢气压力超过安全压力高值时,控制单元1控制A电磁阀3开启,氢气经过液氢气化装置6进入到燃料电池电堆8,燃料电池电堆8工作,将电能储存到锂电池组10内,当锂电池组10充满电时,发热内阻11线路接通,电能转为热能散失到空气中;当压力低于安全压力低值时,控制单元1控制A电磁阀3关闭,燃料电池电堆8停止工作。
本发明有益效果:本发明具有以下优点:
1.本发明提出的方法回收挥发氢气用于发电,储存于锂电池内,系统的能量使用效率明显提高。
2.可以将储氢罐的压力控制在安全压力内,防止储氢罐压力过高爆炸。
3.可以控制燃料电池工作在合适温度,有利于提高性能和延长寿命。
4.本发明利用冬季燃料电池电堆在停机时间歇工作对电堆进行保温,缓解低温冷启动问题,延长电池的使用寿命。
5.本发明利用液氢汽化装置制冷与电堆散热系统热交换,提高了散热系统效率,简化了系统的结构。
6.利用锂电池储存、利用挥发氢气发电回收的电能,并设计了锂电池的过充保护。
附图说明
图1是车载液氢系统原理图,
具体实施方式:
本发明的目的是提出一种具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统和方法,下面结合附图予以详细说明。
图1所示为车载液氢系统原理图,图中所示具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统是一种针对车载燃料电池液氢系统停机挥发量的回收系统,该具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统包括:电控单元(ECU)1、压力计2、A电磁阀3、B电磁阀乙5、液氢储罐4、液氢气化装置6、氢气流量压力控制装置7、燃料电池电堆8、DC/DC 9、锂电池组10、发热电阻11和连接管路组成;其中,电控单元1分别与压力计2连接、A电磁阀3和锂电池组10的连接节点连接;A电磁阀3分别与压力计2和液氢储罐4的连接节点连接、液氢气化装置6和氢气流量压力控制装置7的连接节点连接;B电磁阀5连接在液氢气化装置6和液氢储罐4之间;燃料电池电堆8分别连接氢气流量压力控制装置7、液氢气化装置6和DC/DC 9;锂电池组10通过一个四通分别连接发热电阻11和DC/DC 9;
所述液氢储罐4,压力传感器压力计2指示的液氢储罐内压力作为电控单元1的输入信号,A电磁阀3、B电磁阀5、燃料电池电堆8、DCDC 9作为氢气流量压力控制装置7的执行器,锂电池组10/发热电阻11作为发电电能的储存/消耗场所。
一种具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统的挥发氢气回收方法,该系统根据燃料电池发动机开机和停机分为两种模式:
(a)燃料电池电堆8工作时,挥发氢气回收系统管路12中的A电磁阀甲3关闭,液氢的进堆管路13中B电磁阀5开启,燃料电池发动机冷却系统工作;液氢通过压力装置从液氢储罐4进入液氢的进堆管路13,经过B电磁阀5,进入到液氢气化装置6被加热气化,通过氢气流量压力控制装置7后,进入到燃料电池电堆8,冷却系统冷却水通过氢气气化装置7被制冷,将燃料电池电堆8工作温度控制在合理水平,燃料电池发动机冷却系统停止工作。这样设计的理由是:液氢挥发变为气态氢气由于密度较低,会汇集于储氢罐上部,所以需要在储氢罐4上部设置气体入口;液氢储罐4内挥发的氢气已经是气态氢气,不需要进入液氢气化装置6进行加热;
(b)燃料电池电堆8停机时,挥发氢气回收系统管路12中的A电磁阀甲3关闭,液氢的进堆管路13中B电磁阀5关闭,燃料电池电堆的阳极入口关闭,燃料电池发动机冷却系统停止工作;压力计2将测量到的液氢储罐4氢气压力输入控制单元1,当测量的氢气压力超过安全压力高值时,控制单元1控制A电磁阀3开启,氢气经过液氢气化装置6进入到燃料电池电堆8,燃料电池电堆8工作,将电能储存到锂电池组10内,当锂电池组10充满电时,发热内阻11线路接通,电能转为热能散失到空气中;当压力低于安全压力低值时,控制单元1控制A电磁阀3关闭,燃料电池电堆8停止工作。
在本发明中,压力计2、两个电磁阀和控制单元1可实现对液氢储罐4的闭环控制,将液氢储罐4内氢气压力控制在安全压力16MPa左右,通过氢气流量压力控制装置7实现氢气入堆压力大约0.1MPa,这样一方面将液氢储罐4内压力维持在较高水平上,抑制氢气的挥发,另一方面防止入堆氢气压力过大,对燃料电池电堆8造成机械破坏。
燃料电池电堆8停机时,当控制单元1通过压力计2检测到液氢储罐4内压力超过安全值,启动燃料电池电堆8,将挥发的氢气转化为电能储存在锂电池组10内,当锂电池充电完成后,通过开关自动切换到发热内阻11,将电能转化为热能散发到空气中。整个过程燃料电池电堆采用间歇工作模式,保证液氢储罐4的压力在一个安全范围波动。在低温环境下,由于停机时燃料电池电堆8的间歇式工作,燃料电池电堆温度可以维持较高的水平,所以低温冷启动的问题可以缓解;在高温环境下,停机时燃料电池电堆冷却系统管路14开启,用挥发氢气发电为冷却水路循环泵供电,另一方面,液氢汽化装置6制冷量与冷却系统进行热交换,从而控制停机时燃料电池电堆8温度在最高承受温度以下。
综上所述,挥发氢气回收系统管路12应该不同于液氢的进堆管路13,也不需要与燃料电池电堆电堆却系统管路14进行热交换。
Claims (2)
1.一种具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统,所述具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统是一种针对车载燃料电池液氢系统停机挥发量的回收系统,该具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统包括:电控单元、压力计、电磁阀、液氢储罐、液氢气化装置、氢气流量压力控制装置、燃料电池电堆、DC/DC、锂电池组、发热电阻和连接管路组成;其特征在于,电控单元(1)分别与压力计(2)连接、A电磁阀(3)和锂电池组(10)的连接节点连接;A电磁阀(3)分别与压力计(2)和液氢储罐(4)的连接节点连接、液氢气化装置(6)和氢气流量压力控制装置(7)的连接节点连接;B电磁阀(5)连接在液氢气化装置(6)和液氢储罐(4)之间;燃料电池电堆(8)分别连接氢气流量压力控制装置(7)、液氢气化装置(6)和DC/DC(9);锂电池组(10)通过一个四通分别连接发热电阻(11)、液氢气化装置(6)和DC/DC(9);
所述压力计(2)指示的液氢储罐(4)内压力作为电控单元(1)的输入信号,A电磁阀(3)、B电磁阀(5)、燃料电池电堆(8)、DC/DC(9)作为氢气流量压力控制装置(7)的执行器,锂电池组(10)/发热电阻(11)作为发电电能的储存/消耗场所。
2.一种具有挥发氢气回收功能的车载液氢系统的挥发氢气回收方法,其特征在于,该系统根据燃料电池发动机开机和停机分为两种模式:
(a).燃料电池电堆(8)工作时,挥发氢气回收系统管路(12)中的A电磁阀(3)关闭,液氢的进堆管路(13)中B电磁阀(5)开启,燃料电池发动机冷却系统工作;液氢通过压力装置从液氢储罐(4)进入液氢的进堆管路(13),经过B电磁阀(5),进入到液氢气化装置(6)被加热气化,通过氢气流量压力控制装置(7)后,进入到燃料电池电堆(8),冷却系统冷却水通过液氢气化装置(6)被制冷,将燃料电池电堆(8)工作温度控制在合理水平,燃料电池发动机冷却系统停止工作;这样设计的理由是:液氢挥发变为气态氢气由于密度较低,会汇集于储氢罐上部,所以需要在液氢储罐(4)上部设置气体入口;液氢储罐(4)内挥发的氢气已经是气态氢气,不需要进入液氢气化装置(6)进行加热;
(b).燃料电池电堆(8)停机时,挥发氢气回收系统管路(12)中的A电磁阀(3)关闭,液氢的进堆管路(13)中B电磁阀(5)关闭,燃料电池电堆的阳极入口关闭,燃料电池发动机冷却系统停止工作;压力计(2)将测量到的液氢储罐(4)氢气压力输入电控单元(1),当测量的氢气压力超过安全压力高值时,电控单元(1)控制A电磁阀(3)开启,氢气经过液氢气化装置(6)进入到燃料电池电堆(8),燃料电池电堆(8)工作,将电能储存到锂电池组(10)内,当锂电池组(10)充满电时,发热电阻(11)线路接通,电能转为热能散失到空气中;当压力低于安全压力低值时,电控单元(1)控制A电磁阀(3)关闭,燃料电池电堆(8)停止工作。
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