CN109598376B - Method for optimizing ecological water supplement amount - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for optimizing ecological water supplement amount, which comprises the following steps of 1, collecting data; step 2, determining the lake entering amount W of pollutants; and step 3, determining by referring to the optimal water supplement amount: filling the lake water quality concentration C and the water replenishing quantity Q collected in the step 1 into an established coordinate system in a one-to-one correspondence manner, fitting by using a quadratic function to obtain a correlation between the water replenishing quantity Q and the lake water quality concentration C, and obtaining an extreme value, wherein the water replenishing quantity corresponding to the extreme value is the reference optimal water replenishing quantity, and the water quality corresponding to the extreme value is the reference optimal water quality; step 4, determining the theoretical optimal water supplement amount by adopting a theoretical derivation mode; and 5, determining the optimal water supplement amount. The invention can conveniently and quickly research the optimum water quantity and water quality of ecological water replenishing, provides a feasible water replenishing scheme research idea, avoids blind mass water replenishing, reduces water quality instead of improving water quality, and also avoids the investment of manpower and financial resources brought by mass water replenishing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water environment ecological protection and the field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a method for optimizing ecological water supplement amount.
Background
The river and lake water system is a carrier of water resources, is an important component of ecological environment and is an important support for the development of economic society. The Zhang Tree army's paper about the comprehensive benefit evaluation research of ecological water supplement defines ecological water supplement as improving, restoring and recovering the structure, function and self-regulation capability of an ecological system by supplementing water, which is an environmental factor missing from a damaged ecological system, so that the ecological water supplement continuously creates a good and healthy living environment for human beings and promotes the sustainable development of the human society. With the development of regional economy and the gradual increase of urbanization rate, ecological water replenishing measures are necessary to be added on the basis of pollution source treatment, and the water environment capacity and self-purification capacity are increased and the water environment improvement effect is enhanced by improving the water body fluidity.
In recent years, in order to realize the development goal of 'human-water harmony', and gradually improve the urban human ecological environment, urban water bodies are often developed in an artificial mode, the water bodies are usually limited in area and shallow in water depth, and the main function of the water bodies is to meet the requirements of urban landscape, leisure entertainment and tourism. With the increasing development of cities and the increasing population, shallow lakes in cities with special geographic locations play a more and more important role in the ecological environment of the cities, and face the dilemma that the pollution load is gradually increased and the eutrophication is increasingly serious. In addition, most of shallow lakes in cities lack of communication with natural water bodies, and have few ways of inflowing and outflowing, so that the water bodies have poor overall fluidity, long exchange period and poor self-cleaning capability. One of the effective measures for guaranteeing the benign operation of the lake is to perform periodic ecological water supplement through an artificial water source so as to perform manual regulation and control on the flowing of the lake water body, the water level change and the water quality improvement condition, but the problems of reliability of the water supplement water source, water quantity guarantee, water quality safety and the like are followed, and the problems further determine the fate of the shallow lake in the city and the development prospect of the city and determine the social and economic coordination development and development mode.
For ecological water supplement of rivers guided and regulated in Yangtze river regions to lakes in cities, the concentration of rivers for total phosphorus IV water is less than or equal to 0.3mg/L and the concentration of lakes is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L due to the difference of evaluation standards of the rivers and the lakes, such as the environmental quality standard GB3838-2002 for surface water. Therefore, the river water with better water quality level is changed into lake water with poorer water quality level after entering the internal lakes of the city. Assuming that the total phosphorus concentration of river water of the diversion river channel is 0.12mg/L and the river channel evaluation standard is III-class water (superior to IV-class water), and when the river water is introduced into a lake, the river water is lake water, and the river water is V-class water (inferior to IV-class water) due to the total phosphorus concentration of more than 0.1mg/L according to the lake evaluation standard. Therefore, the same water, introduced into the lake from the river, has different water qualities at different levels due to different evaluation criteria.
Therefore, the method for ecologically replenishing the water in the urban lakes by guiding and regulating the water of the long rivers has the advantages that due to the reasons, the water quality of the urban lakes is likely to wander around the standard, the water quality cannot stably reach the standard, the water quality changes subtly, and the introduction of a large amount of ecological water diversion cannot improve the water quality but causes the water quality to be poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for optimizing the ecological water replenishing quantity aiming at the defects of the prior art, the method for optimizing the ecological water replenishing quantity can conveniently and quickly research the optimal water quantity and water quality of ecological water replenishing, provides a practical and feasible idea for researching a water replenishing scheme, avoids blind mass water replenishing, reduces the water quality instead of improving the water quality, and simultaneously avoids the investment of manpower and financial resources caused by mass water replenishing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for optimizing ecological water supplement amount comprises the following steps.
Step 1, data collection: collecting the data of lakes needing to optimize ecological water supplement quantity for nearly five years; the collected data comprises the topographic data of the lake, the water quality concentration C of the lake, the water replenishing quantity Q and the water replenishing quality concentration C 0 Water quality concentration of the pollution source and sewage discharge capacity.
Step 2, determining the lake entering amount W of pollutants: and (3) evaluating the position of the pollution source, the pollutant concentration and the sewage discharge capacity on the basis of collecting the water quality and the water quantity of the pollution source collected in the step (1) to determine the sewage discharge share rate of the lake needing to optimize the ecological water supplement quantity and further determine the lake entering quantity W of the pollutants.
And step 3, determining by referring to the optimal water supplement amount: establishing a coordinate system by taking the lake water quality concentration C as a vertical coordinate and the water replenishing quantity Q as a horizontal coordinate; and (3) correspondingly filling the lake water quality concentration C and the water replenishing quantity Q collected in the step (1) in an established coordinate system, fitting by using a quadratic function to obtain the correlation between the water replenishing quantity Q and the lake water quality concentration C, and obtaining an extreme value, wherein the water replenishing quantity corresponding to the extreme value is the reference optimal water replenishing quantity, and the water quality corresponding to the extreme value is the reference optimal water quality.
And 4, determining the theoretical optimal water supplement amount, and comprising the following steps.
Step 41, degradation amount W k And determining the relation with the water replenishing quantity Q: establishing degradation amount W by adopting a zero-dimensional model k With the amount W of pollutants entering the lake, the amount Q of water supplement and the water quality concentration C of water supplement 0 And the lake water quality concentration C, and solving the degradation W k The quantitative relation between the water quantity Q and the water replenishing quantity Q is as follows: w K (ii) AQ + W, wherein a ═ C-C 0 。
Step 42, make-up water quantity Q and make-up water quality concentration C 0 Determining the relationship: by supplementing water to the water quality concentration C 0 The water replenishing quantity Q is an abscissa, and a coordinate system is established; the water quality concentration C of the supplemented water collected in the step 1 0 Filling the data of the water quantity Q in the established coordinate system in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and fitting by using a quadratic function to obtain the water quantity Q and the water quality concentration C 0 The quadratic function relationship of (2).
43, determining the relation between the lake water quality concentration C and the water replenishing quantity Q: converting the A determined in step 41 to C-C 0 Substituting the water replenishing quantity Q and the water replenishing quality concentration C determined in the step 42 0 In the curve relational expression, the quadratic function relation between the lake water quality concentration C and the water replenishing quantity Q is obtained.
Step 44, determining the theoretical optimal water supplement amount: and (5) obtaining a theoretical extreme value from the relation between the lake water quality concentration C and the water supplementing quantity Q determined in the step (43), wherein the water supplementing quantity corresponding to the theoretical extreme value is the theoretical optimal water supplementing quantity.
Step 5, determining the optimal water supplement amount: and (4) comparing the reference optimal water supplement amount determined in the step (3) with the theoretical optimal water supplement amount determined in the step (4), and when the reference optimal water supplement amount is within a fluctuation range of 10% above and below the theoretical optimal water supplement amount, taking the theoretical water supplement amount +/-10% as the finally determined optimal water supplement amount.
The method also comprises a step 6 of predicting the water environment mathematical model, and specifically comprises the following steps.
Step 61, model calibration: and (3) simulating the hydrodynamic force and the water quality of the last year by using the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model, continuously adjusting parameters in the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model, and determining that the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model are successfully calibrated when the actual measurement water quality result of the last year is within the error range of the calculation results of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model.
Step 62, model verification: and substituting the measured water quality in other periods into the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model which are successfully calibrated in the step 61, and when the measured water quality result in other periods is within 10% of the error range of the calculation result of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model which are successfully calibrated, determining that the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model are successfully verified.
Step 63, water environment prediction: and predicting the water quality condition of the lake in a set time period in the future by using a successfully verified two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and a water quality model.
In step 61, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is a two-dimensional hydrodynamic control equation under a cartesian coordinate system, and specifically comprises a continuity equation and a momentum equation; the water quality model adopts a vertical average two-dimensional water quality model.
Further comprising step 7, making near term, medium term and long term plans: according to the water environment mathematical model predicted in the step 6, making a near term, a medium term and a long term scheme; wherein, the recent scheme is as follows: adjusting the ecological water replenishing quantity to the optimal water replenishing quantity determined in the step 5; the middle period scheme is as follows: improving the sewage pipe connecting rate and blocking the lake-following sewage discharge port to reduce the sewage discharge amount by 40%, then searching the optimal water replenishing amount again through the steps 2 to 5, and adjusting the ecological water replenishing amount to the optimal water replenishing amount which is searched again; the long-term scheme is as follows: through deepening sewage interception, the sewage pipe network discharges into a lake in zero, only surface runoff collected by the rainwater pipe network is reserved, sewage discharge amount is reduced by 80%, the most basic ecological base flow is kept, and the ecological system and water quality of the lake region are guaranteed.
The optimal water supplement amount comprises the optimal water supplement amount in a rich water period and the optimal water supplement amount in a dry water period; in step 3, the lake water quality concentration C and the water supplement quantity Q data collected in step 1 are filled and drawn in the established coordinate system according to the water abundance period and the dry period in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the water abundance period extreme value and the dry period extreme value are respectively obtained by fitting with quadratic functions, so that the optimal water supplement quantity for the water abundance period and the optimal water supplement quantity for the dry period are obtained.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the new technical method provided by the invention can conveniently and quickly research the optimum water quantity and water quality of ecological water replenishing, provides a feasible water replenishing scheme research idea, avoids blind mass water replenishing, reduces water quality instead of improving water quality, and also avoids investment of manpower and financial resources brought by mass water replenishing. The ecological water replenishing device is particularly suitable for ecological water replenishing from a river channel to a lake, but not only is the ecological water replenishing from the river channel to the lake, but also is suitable for water replenishing from the river channel to the river channel, water replenishing from the lake to the river channel and water replenishing from the lake to the lake. The invention starts from the direction of ecological civilization and low carbon energy consumption, is applied to ecological water supplement, and can save energy and reduce expenditure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a zero-dimensional model of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a graph of the amount of degradation of basalt lake TP in relation to the amount of moisturizing water.
FIG. 3 shows a graph of the degradation of basalt lake TN as a function of the amount of moisturizing water.
FIG. 4 shows a relation graph of the concentration of the basalt lake moisturizing TP and the amount of moisturizing in the abundant water period, which is formed by fitting measured data.
FIG. 5 shows a graph of relation between concentration and water supplement amount of basalt lake water supplement TN in the water enrichment period formed by fitting measured data.
FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the relation between the concentration of TP in the basalt lake in the rich period and the water supplement amount obtained by theoretical derivation.
FIG. 7 shows a diagram of the relation between the concentration of the basalt lake TN in the rich period and the water supplement amount obtained by theoretical derivation.
FIG. 8 shows a diagram of the relationship between the concentration of TP in basalt lake in the dry season and the amount of water supply obtained by theoretical derivation.
FIG. 9 shows a diagram of the relation between the concentration of basalt lake TN in the dry season and the water supplement amount obtained by theoretical derivation.
FIG. 10 shows a relation graph of TP concentration and water supply amount of the basalt lake water in the abundant water period, which is formed by fitting measured data.
FIG. 11 shows a graph of the relation between the concentration of TN in the water quality of the basalt lake and the water supply amount in the rich period, which is formed by fitting measured data.
FIG. 12 shows a relation graph of TP concentration and water supply amount of basalt lake water in a dry season formed by fitting measured data.
FIG. 13 shows a graph of TN concentration of water quality of basalt lake in the dry season and water supplement amount formed by fitting measured data.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
A method for optimizing ecological water supplement amount comprises the following steps.
Step 1, data collection: collecting the data of lakes needing to optimize ecological water supplement quantity for nearly five years; the collected data comprises the topographic data, rainfall, evaporation capacity, lake water quality concentration C, water replenishing quantity Q and water replenishing water quality concentration C of the lake 0 The water quality concentration of the pollution source, the sewage discharge amount, the wind direction, the wind speed, the temperature and the like.
Step 2, determining the lake entering amount W of pollutants: and (3) evaluating the position of the pollution source, the pollutant concentration and the sewage discharge capacity on the basis of collecting the water quality and the water quantity of the pollution source collected in the step (1) to determine the sewage discharge share rate of the lake needing to optimize the ecological water supplement quantity and further determine the lake entering quantity W of the pollutants.
The preferred evaluation method is: evaluating water quality according to the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB3838-2002), performing overall index evaluation on the whole body, performing key evaluation on index items which do not reach the standard, and performing summary evaluation on index items which reach the standard.
Summary evaluation: after the overall evaluation, for the indexes which reach the standard, only the indexes which reach the standard need to be known, and no key analysis is needed.
Key evaluation: and after the overall evaluation, finding out the index which does not reach the standard, and evaluating the index which does not reach the standard month by month, evaluating the exceeding rate of different months, evaluating the exceeding rate and the like.
And (4) evaluating different lake areas year by year, listing the substandard indexes of different lake areas, listing the water quality of each month, displaying in a table form, and calculating the standard exceeding rate and the standard exceeding multiple.
The purpose of the evaluation is mainly to show that the index does not reach the standard, and the evaluation is also a fixed format of general evaluation.
The calculation method and evaluation case are preferably as follows:
(1) multiple over standard B
Wherein C is a monitoring data value; c 0 Is the environmental quality standard.
(2) Exceeding rate L
(3) Achievement rate I
I＝1-L
(4) Evaluation criteria
The evaluation standard adopts the quality standard of the surface water environment of lakes and reservoirs (GB3838-2002), and is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 "surface water environmental quality Standard" GB3838-2002 units: mg/L
(5) Evaluation index
2 evaluation parameter indexes: total Phosphorus (TP), Total Nitrogen (TN).
And evaluating the water quality of the whole lake monthly by the method according to different years, evaluating the water quality of the whole lake monthly by different water periods, and evaluating the water quality of the whole lake monthly by different years.
For effectively screening the sewage of a sewage pipe network and a rainwater pipe network, the screening method is preferably as follows: different pipe network diagrams can be obviously distinguished from the urban pipe network diagram; meanwhile, the sewage discharge amount of the area where sewage is not discharged into the sewage pipe network is evaluated by combining the sewage pipe network range of the basin; the evaluation method is preferably: when the pipe network is connected to a cell in the urban pipe network diagram, the sewage of the cell is considered to be accessed into a sewage pipe network; and inquiring the tap water consumption of the residential area which is not connected with the pipe network on the urban pipe network diagram, and multiplying the water consumption by a coefficient (0.6-0.8) to obtain the sewage discharge amount. For the condition that the unit of the tap water consumption cannot be inquired, the sewage discharge amount can be obtained by estimating the population through the house number and multiplying the population by the per-capita water discharge amount obtained by analogy.
Among them, the method of evaluating the discharge capacity of the non-take-over area is preferably as follows.
(1) And superposing the tap water pipe network and the sewage pipe network to clearly mark the position of the residential area without sewage pipe network.
(2) The daily data of the tap water consumption of the residential area, the commercial place or the residential house which is not taken over by statistics needs to be counted for nearly three years, and the continuous days of the data need to exceed 365 days.
(3) And (3) according to the requirement of the tap water for discharging, multiplying the tap water consumption by a conversion coefficient to obtain the sewage discharge amount, wherein the conversion coefficient is 0.5-0.95.
(4) And for the evaluation of the sewage concentration of the area without the pipe, taking the water quality concentration of the sewage treatment plant which is taken over by the peripheral area as a reference, and taking the reference as a basis for calculating the pollutant discharge amount.
And step 3, determining by referring to the optimal water supplement amount: establishing a coordinate system by taking the lake water quality concentration C as a vertical coordinate and the water replenishing quantity Q as a horizontal coordinate; and (3) correspondingly filling the lake water quality concentration C and the water replenishing quantity Q collected in the step (1) in an established coordinate system, fitting by using a quadratic function to obtain the correlation between the water replenishing quantity Q and the lake water quality concentration C, and obtaining an extreme value, wherein the water replenishing quantity corresponding to the extreme value is the reference optimal water replenishing quantity, and the water quality corresponding to the extreme value is the reference optimal water quality.
In the step 3, the lake water quality concentration C and the water supplement quantity Q data collected in the step 1 are filled and drawn in the established coordinate system according to the water abundance period and the dry period in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the extreme values of the water abundance period and the dry period are respectively obtained by fitting quadratic functions, so that the optimal water supplement quantity according to the water abundance period and the optimal water supplement quantity according to the dry period are obtained.
Taking the basalt lake as an example, explanation is carried out on the optimal water replenishing quantity in the full water period and the optimal water replenishing quantity in the dry water period.
And fitting curves of the water quality (TP, TN) of the basalt lake and the daily water supplement amount in the rich water period and the dry water period by constructing a correlation between the water supplement amount and the water quality (TP, TN) of the lake region according to the water supplement amount data of the basalt lake and the water quality (TP, TN) data of the basalt lake in 2014-plus 2017. Wherein, the relation between the water quality concentration C of the basalt lake in the full water period and the water replenishing quantity Q is established in the water quality concentration interval, and the relation is shown in a figure 10 and a figure 11. And constructing the relation between the water quality concentration C of the basalt lake in the dry season and the water replenishing quantity Q in the water quality concentration interval, and referring to the chart of fig. 12 and fig. 13.
As can be seen from the correlation between the basalt lake water quality (TP, TN) and the daily water supplement amount, the water quality (TP.TN) shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of the water supplement amount, and the value is the lowest.
In the full water period, the total water supplement amount is about 20 ten thousand meters 3 At day time, the concentration value of the water quality (TP, TN) is the lowest, and the water quality is the best. Wherein, the water is replenished by 20 ten thousand meters 3 Converted into 200000/86400 ═ 2.31 m/day 3 And s. That is, the reference optimal water supplement amount in the water-rich period is 2.31m 3 /s。
In the dry period, the total water supplement amount is about 15 ten thousand meters 3 The water quality (TP, TN) of the concentrated basalt lake is the best day. The water supplement amount is 15 ten thousand meters 3 Converted into 150000/86400 ═ 1.73 m/day 3 And s. That is, the reference optimum water supplement amount in the dry season is 1.73m 3 /s。
And 4, determining the theoretical optimal water supplement amount, and comprising the following steps.
Step 41, degradation amount W k And determining the relation with the water replenishing quantity Q: establishing degradation amount W by adopting a zero-dimensional model k With the amount W of pollutants entering the lake, the amount Q of water supplement and the water quality concentration C of water supplement 0 And the lake water quality concentration C, and solving the degradation W k The quantitative relation between the water quantity Q and the water replenishing quantity Q is as follows: w K (ii) AQ + W, wherein A is C-C 0 。
The derivation of the formula is as follows.
In FIG. 1, C 0 For supplementing water quality concentration, Q 0 For replenishing the water quantity, Q 0 Q is the sewage discharge amount, C is the lake water quality concentration, and W is the pollutant inflow amount.
According to the zero-dimensional model theory
Let K ═ Q out +KV
If W + Q in C in ＝0
If W + Q in C in ≠0
In the formula, W: the amount of pollutants entering the lake; q 0 : water replenishing quantity; c 0 : supplementing water to the water quality concentration; k: water quality degradation factor; v: lakeVolume of water, considered herein as W + Q in C in ≠0。
Q out Discharge flow Q of lake water in For replenishing water flow, Q in ＝Q、C in To replenish water quality concentration, C in ＝C 0 And t is the water replenishing time.
According to the evaluation result of the basalt lake pollution source, the lake-entering pollutants (without water supplement) are the same in the rich water period, and W is TP 、W TN The lake-entry amounts of TP and TN, respectively. Q 0 、C 0 And C, V are known, the K value is solved:
by
It is known that KVC is W + Q (C) 0 -C)
Let KVC become W K ，W K For the amount of degradation, W K ＝W+Q(C 0 -C)
Let A be C-C 0
W K ＝-AQ+W
Taking the basalt lake as an example, the degradation amount W of TP and TN after entering the lake is obtained KTP And W KTN Respectively as follows:
W KTP = 0.0115Q +0.3175 (formula 7)
W KTN not-0.089Q +2.1166 (formula 8)
Amount of degradation W KTP And W KTN The relationship between the curves and the amount of replenishing water Q is shown in fig. 2 and 3.
According to the lake and reservoir uniform mixing model:
at the time of balance
CQ + KVC ═ C 0 Q + W, then CQ + W K ＝C 0 Q+W
From W KTP ＝K TP VC TP ＝-0.0115Q+0.3175，W KTN ＝K TN VC TN ＝-0.089Q+2.1166
Then
C TP Q-0.0115Q+0.3175＝C 0TP Q+0.3175
C TN Q-0.089Q+2.1166＝C 0TN Q+2.1166
Namely, it is
C TP ＝C 0TP +0.0115，C TN ＝C 0TN +0.089 (formula 10)
Step 42, the quantity Q of the supplemented water and the water quality concentration C of the supplemented water 0 Determining the relationship: by supplementing water to the water quality concentration C 0 The water replenishing quantity Q is an abscissa, and a coordinate system is established; the water quality concentration C of the supplemented water collected in the step 1 0 Filling the data of the water quantity Q in the established coordinate system in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and fitting by using a quadratic function to obtain the water quantity Q and the water quality concentration C 0 The quadratic function relationship of (2).
According to the characteristics of water replenishing quality (TP and TN) of the basalt lake in the rich water period in 2014-2017, the water replenishing concentration of TP is between 0.027mg/L and 0.2mg/L, and the water replenishing concentration of TN is between 1.41mg/L and 2.77 mg/L.
Constructing the water quality concentration C of the basalt lake water supplement in the rich period in the water quality concentration interval 0 See fig. 4 and 5 for the relationship with the amount Q of the replenishing water.
C 0TP ＝0.092Q 2 -0.425Q +0.56 (formula 11)
C 0TN ＝0.75Q 2 -3.47Q +6.05 (formula 12)
In the formula, C 0TP For supplementing water to the total phosphorus concentration, C 0TN The total nitrogen concentration is supplemented.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the extreme point of TP is 2.375m 3 S; as can be seen from FIG. 5, the extreme point of TN is 2.25m 3 /s。
In a step 43, the process is carried out,determining the relation between the lake water quality concentration C and the water replenishing quantity Q: converting the A determined in step 41 to C-C 0 Substituting the water replenishing quantity Q and the water replenishing quality concentration C determined in the step 42 0 In the curve relational expression, the quadratic function relation between the lake water quality concentration C and the water replenishing quantity Q is obtained.
Namely, the formula 10 in the step 41 is respectively substituted into the formulas 11 and 12 determined in the step 42, so as to obtain the following quadratic function relationship between the water quality concentration C of the basalt lake and the water replenishing quantity Q.
C TP ＝0.092Q 2 -0.425Q +0.5715 (formula 13)
C TN ＝0.75Q 2 -3.47Q +6.139 (formula 14)
Step 44, determining the theoretical optimal water supplement amount: and (5) obtaining a theoretical extreme value from the relation between the lake water quality concentration C and the water supplementing quantity Q determined in the step (43), wherein the water supplementing quantity corresponding to the theoretical extreme value is the theoretical optimal water supplementing quantity.
The relationship between the concentration C of water (TP, TN) and the water supply quantity Q in the basalt lake water enriching period is shown in a graph 6 and a graph 7.
TP of the dry period reaches the standard, and the relationship between the concentration C of water quality (TP and TN) and the water supplement quantity Q in the dry period is shown in 8 and 9 by applying the calculation method of the rich period and proving by the same principle.
According to theoretical analysis and formula deduction, the water quality of the basalt lake in the rich period is changed well firstly and then becomes poor along with the increase of the water supplement amount, and when the water quality is optimal, the theoretically optimal water supplement amount of the basalt lake in the rich period is 2.3m 3 And/s, the optimal water supplement amount is 20 ten thousand tons per day. Under the condition of optimal water replenishing, the water quality of TP and TN in the basalt lake is the best; the water quality of the basalt lake in the dry season is changed well firstly and then becomes worse along with the increase of the water supplement amount, and when the water quality is optimal, the theoretical optimal water supplement amount in the dry season is 1.7m 3 And/s, the optimal water supplement amount is 15 ten thousand tons/day. Under the condition of optimal water replenishing, the water quality of TP and TN in the basalt lake is the best.
And 5, determining the optimal water supplement amount.
The optimal water supplement amount preferably comprises the optimal water supplement amount in a rich water period and the optimal water supplement amount in a dry water period.
And (4) comparing the reference optimal water supplement amount determined in the step (3) with the theoretical optimal water supplement amount determined in the step (4), and when the reference optimal water supplement amount is within a fluctuation range of 10% above and below the theoretical optimal water supplement amount, taking the theoretical water supplement amount +/-10% as the finally determined optimal water supplement amount.
Taking the basalt lake as an example, the description is as follows:
the reference optimal water supplement amount is 2.31m in the full water period 3 The reference optimal water supplement amount in the dry period is 1.73m 3 /s
The theoretical optimal water replenishing amount in the full water period is 2.3m 3 The theoretical optimal water replenishing water amount in the dry season is 1.7m 3 /s。
It can be seen that the reference optimum amount of water supply is within a fluctuation range of 10% above and below the theoretical optimum amount of water supply, and therefore, the theoretical optimum amount of water supply in the rich period (2.3 m in the rich period) is adopted 3 S, dry season 1.7m 3 And/s) as the finally determined optimal water supplement amount.
And 6, predicting the water environment mathematical model, which specifically comprises the following steps.
Step 61, model calibration: and (3) simulating the hydrodynamic force and the water quality of the last year by using the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model, continuously adjusting parameters in the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model, and determining that the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model are successfully calibrated when the actual measurement water quality result of the last year is within the error range of the calculation results of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model.
Hydrodynamic equation:
the two-dimensional hydrodynamic control equation under the Cartesian coordinate system is a continuous equation and a momentum equation of integration of a three-dimensional Reynolds Navier-Stokes average equation of the incompressible fluid along the water depth direction, and can be expressed by the following equations:
continuity equation:
the momentum equation:
wherein: t represents time; x, y are cartesian coordinates; h represents the total water depth; eta represents the water level; ρ represents the density of water;
and
a value representing the average of the water depths; f ═ 2 Ω sin Φ denotes the Coriolis factor (Ω is the angular velocity of the earth's rotation, Φ is the geographic latitude); s xx 、S xy And S xy Is the radiation stress tensor; p a Represents atmospheric pressure; q represents the emission amount of the point source; g represents the gravitational acceleration. τ sx represents the x-direction surface shear stress; τ sy represents the y-direction surface shear stress; τ bx represents the x-direction bottom shear stress; τ by represents the y-direction bottom shear stress.
In the formula: rho 0 Represents the relative density of water; (u) s ,v s ) Indicating the rate of discharge of the environment into the body of environmental water.
Transverse stress T ij Including viscous resistance, turbulent frictional resistance and differential advection frictional resistance, can be calculated by the vortex-viscous equation with average vertical flow velocity:
equation of water quality:
the water quality equation is based on a mass balance equation. Because the three-dimensional water quality transport equation comprises a plurality of uncertain parameters, under the existing conditions, the verification of the model is difficult, and a vertical average two-dimensional water quality model is adopted in consideration of factors such as data, model calculation workload and the like. The two-dimensional water transport equation is:
in the formula: c i -a concentration of contaminants; flow velocity components in the u, v-x, y directions; e x 、E y -diffusion coefficients in x, y directions; k is i -a contaminant degradation factor; s i -pollutant bottom mud release term.
In order to introduce a quantitative relational expression of the sediment resuspension flux and hydrodynamic conditions into the model and reflect the change relation of the resuspension flux of each pollutant in the sediment along with the flow velocity, the sediment resuspension flux is calculated by using the relational expression obtained by a sediment resuspension experiment when a mathematical model is established. Mainly embodied in the source and sink item S i The treatment of (1) is as follows:
in the formula: alpha is alpha i Bottom sludge contaminant resuspension flux (g/(m) 2 ·d))，α i ＝ζ i (ii) a H-depth of water (m); beta is a i -the proportion (%) of bottom sludge contaminants in the SS; p-resultant velocity (cm/s),
ζ i 、ξ i -bottom sludge resuspension parameters.
The equation includes two terms: physical transport diffusion and biochemical.
The physical process refers to the migration and diffusion process of substances in the water body and is mainly caused by the flow process of water flow. Wherein the flow rate term is solved by the hydrodynamic model described above.
② biochemical items. Is the core part of the model and is also the difficulty for establishing the water quality model.
Step 62, model verification: and substituting the measured water quality in other periods into the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model which are successfully calibrated in the step 61, and when the measured water quality result in other periods is within 10% of the error range of the calculation result of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model which are successfully calibrated, determining that the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model are successfully verified.
Step 63, water environment prediction: and predicting the water quality condition of the lake in a set time period in the future by using a successfully verified two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and a water quality model.
In step 61, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is a two-dimensional hydrodynamic control equation under a cartesian coordinate system, and specifically comprises a continuity equation and a momentum equation; the water quality model adopts a vertical average two-dimensional water quality model.
Step 7, making a near term, a medium term and a long term scheme: according to the water environment mathematical model predicted in the step 6, making a near term, a medium term and a long term scheme; wherein, the recent scheme is as follows: adjusting the ecological water replenishing quantity to the optimal water replenishing quantity determined in the step 5; the middle stage scheme is as follows: improving the sewage pipe connecting rate and blocking the lake-following sewage discharge port to reduce the sewage discharge amount by 40%, then searching the optimal water replenishing amount again through the steps 2 to 5, and adjusting the ecological water replenishing amount to the optimal water replenishing amount which is searched again; the long-term scheme is as follows: through deepening sewage interception, a sewage pipe network discharges into a lake in a zero mode, only surface runoff collected by a rainwater pipe network is reserved, sewage discharge is reduced by 80%, the most basic ecological base flow is kept, and the ecological system and water quality of a lake region are guaranteed.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications can be made within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for optimizing ecological water supplement amount is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, data collection: collecting the data of lakes needing to optimize ecological water supplement quantity for nearly five years; the collected data includes theTopographic data of lake, lake water quality concentration C, water supply quantity Q and water supply quality concentration C 0 Water quality concentration and sewage discharge of a pollution source;
step 2, determining the lake entering amount W of pollutants: on the basis of collecting the water quality and the water quantity of the pollution source collected in the step 1, evaluating the position of the pollution source, the pollutant concentration and the sewage discharge quantity to determine the sewage discharge share rate of the lake needing to optimize the ecological water supply quantity and further determine the lake entering quantity W of the pollutants;
step 3, determining by referring to the optimal water supplement amount: establishing a coordinate system by taking the lake water quality concentration C as a vertical coordinate and the water replenishing quantity Q as a horizontal coordinate; filling the lake water quality concentration C and the water replenishing quantity Q collected in the step 1 into the established coordinate system in a one-to-one correspondence manner,
fitting by using a quadratic function to obtain a correlation relation between the water replenishing quantity Q and the lake water quality concentration C, and obtaining an extreme value, wherein the water replenishing quantity corresponding to the extreme value is the reference optimal water replenishing quantity, and the water quality corresponding to the extreme value is the reference optimal water quality;
and 4, determining the theoretical optimal water supplement amount, comprising the following steps:
step 41, degradation amount W k And determining the relation with the water replenishing quantity Q: establishing degradation amount W by adopting a zero-dimensional model k With the amount W of pollutants entering the lake, the amount Q of water supplement and the water quality concentration C of water supplement 0 And the lake water quality concentration C, and solving the degradation W k The quantitative relation between the water quantity Q and the water replenishing quantity Q is as follows: w k = AQ + W, where A = C-C 0 ；
Step 42, make-up water quantity Q and make-up water quality concentration C 0 Determining the relationship: by supplementing water to the water quality concentration C 0 The water replenishing quantity Q is an abscissa, and a coordinate system is established; the water quality concentration C of the supplemented water collected in the step 1 0 Filling the data of the water quantity Q in the established coordinate system in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and fitting by using a quadratic function to obtain the water quantity Q and the water quality concentration C 0 The quadratic function relationship of (1);
43, determining the relation between the lake water quality concentration C and the water replenishing quantity Q: a = C-C determined in step 41 0 Substituting the water replenishing quantity Q and the water replenishing quality concentration C determined in the step 42 0 In the curve relational expression, the quadratic function relation between the lake water quality concentration C and the water replenishing quantity Q is obtained;
step 44, determining the theoretical optimal water supplement amount: obtaining a theoretical extreme value from the relation between the lake water quality concentration C and the water replenishing quantity Q determined in the step 43, wherein the water replenishing quantity corresponding to the theoretical extreme value is the theoretical optimal water replenishing quantity;
step 5, determining the optimal water supplement amount: and (4) comparing the reference optimal water supplement amount determined in the step (3) with the theoretical optimal water supplement amount determined in the step (4), and when the reference optimal water supplement amount is within a fluctuation range of 10% above and below the theoretical optimal water supplement amount, taking the theoretical water supplement amount +/-10% as the finally determined optimal water supplement amount.
2. The method for optimizing the ecological water supplement amount according to claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises a step 6 of predicting the water environment mathematical model, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 61, model calibration: simulating the hydrodynamic force and the water quality in the last year by using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and a water quality model, continuously adjusting parameters in the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model, and determining that the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model are successfully calibrated when the actually measured water quality result in the last year is within the error range of the calculation results of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model;
step 62, model verification: substituting the measured water quality in other time periods into the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model which are successfully calibrated in the step 61, and when the measured water quality result in other time periods is within 10% of the error range of the calculation result of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model which are successfully calibrated, determining that the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water quality model are successfully verified;
step 63, water environment prediction: and predicting the water quality condition of the lake in a set time period in the future by using a successfully verified two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and a water quality model.
3. The method for optimizing the ecological water supplement amount according to claim 2, wherein: in step 61, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is a two-dimensional hydrodynamic control equation under a cartesian coordinate system, and specifically comprises a continuity equation and a momentum equation; the water quality model adopts a vertical average two-dimensional water quality model.
4. The method for optimizing the ecological water supplement amount according to claim 2, wherein: further comprising step 7, making near term, medium term and long term plans: according to the water environment mathematical model predicted in the step 6, making a near term, a medium term and a long term scheme; wherein, the recent scheme is as follows: adjusting the ecological water replenishing quantity to the optimal water replenishing quantity determined in the step 5; the middle period scheme is as follows: improving the sewage pipe connecting rate and blocking the lake-following sewage discharge port to reduce the sewage discharge amount by 40%, then searching the optimal water replenishing amount again through the steps 2 to 5, and adjusting the ecological water replenishing amount to the optimal water replenishing amount which is searched again; the long-term scheme is as follows: through deepening sewage interception, the sewage pipe network discharges into a lake in zero, only surface runoff collected by the rainwater pipe network is reserved, sewage discharge amount is reduced by 80%, the most basic ecological base flow is kept, and the ecological system and water quality of the lake region are guaranteed.
5. The method for optimizing the ecological water supplement amount according to claim 1, wherein: the optimal water supplement amount comprises the optimal water supplement amount in a rich water period and the optimal water supplement amount in a dry water period; in step 3, the lake water quality concentration C and the water supplement quantity Q data collected in step 1 are filled and drawn in the established coordinate system according to the water abundance period and the dry period in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the water abundance period extreme value and the dry period extreme value are respectively obtained by fitting with quadratic functions, so that the optimal water supplement quantity for the water abundance period and the optimal water supplement quantity for the dry period are obtained.
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