CN109598007B - Method for calculating underground throttling process parameters for gas well with high liquid-gas ratio - Google Patents
Method for calculating underground throttling process parameters for gas well with high liquid-gas ratio Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of underground throttling, in particular to a calculation method of underground throttling process parameters for a gas well with a high liquid-gas ratio. The method corrects the defect that the single-phase fluid underground throttling model does not consider the influence of the liquid production amount on the throttling pressure difference, introduces the factor of liquid column pressure drop in the process of optimizing the size of the nozzle diameter of the throttling device, not only effectively prevents the generation of hydrate, but also improves the liquid discharge effect, meets the requirement of continuous liquid discharge stable production of a gas well with high liquid-gas ratio, effectively guides field production, has simple and convenient calculation process, and is easy to operate on site.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground throttling, in particular to a method for calculating underground throttling technological parameters for a gas well with a high liquid-gas ratio.
Background
The natural gas is a multi-component mixed gaseous fossil fuel, natural gas hydrate is easily generated under the conditions of high pressure and low temperature, and the natural gas hydrate easily blocks a pipeline, so that the natural gas hydrate is required to be prevented from being formed in the natural gas exploitation process, namely, the temperature is increased or reduced in the natural gas exploitation process, and the natural gas in the pipeline is throttled and reduced in pressure by an underground throttling technology on site. The underground throttling technology is that the throttler is arranged at a proper position of an oil pipe, so that the throttling, pressure-reducing and expansion processes of natural gas occur in a well, and meanwhile, the throttled gas flow is heated by using the ground temperature, so that the temperature of the throttled gas flow can be greatly increased and is higher than the hydrate generation temperature under the condition of the throttled gas flow pressure, and the purpose of preventing and controlling the generation of hydrates in a shaft and a ground pipeline is achieved. The setting depth and the throttling nozzle diameter of the throttling device are key factors for judging whether the underground throttling is successful, and the reasonable design of the underground throttling process parameters is crucial for effectively preventing and controlling the generation of hydrates.
Chinese patent with publication No. CN 103114828A discloses a setting method of downhole throttling process parameters. The method comprises the setting of the underground throttle setting depth, has strong applicability to both dry gas reservoirs and condensate gas reservoirs, provides important guarantee for the efficient development of the condensate gas reservoirs, and effectively solves the problem of gas well freezing and blocking.
However, the design theory basis of the method only considers the influence of hydrate prevention and control and does not consider the influence of liquid production amount on throttling differential pressure and continuous liquid carrying of the gas well, so that the errors of the throttling process parameter design and the actual result of a high liquid-gas ratio well are large, the production allocation requirement of the high liquid-gas ratio well cannot be finished, the phenomenon of liquid accumulation in a shaft is easy to occur in the production process, the water logging and production stopping of the underground throttling gas well can occur in serious cases, and the production performance of the gas well is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calculation method of underground throttling process parameters for a gas well with a high liquid-gas ratio, which is used for solving the problem that the calculation result of the throttling process parameters does not meet the actual requirement because the influence of the liquid production amount is not considered in the existing underground throttling technology.
In order to achieve the aim, the scheme of the invention comprises a method for calculating the underground throttling process parameters of the gas well with the high liquid-gas ratio, which comprises the following steps:
determining the running depth of the choke within a reasonable running depth range of the choke, and calculating the corresponding liquid column pressure drop delta P when the current position of the choke and the bottom of a reservoir are filled with liquid columns i The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, Δ P i The unit is MPa; h i The vertical distance between the current position of the choke and the bottom of the reservoir;
for the corresponding product under the condition of current gas production allocationA pressure drop gradient created by the fluid;
determining bottom hole flowing pressure, and calculating the inlet pressure P of the choke according to the bottom hole flowing pressure and the liquid column pressure drop 1 = bottom hole flow pressure-liquid column pressure drop Δ P i ；
Determining wellhead flow pressure and calculating outlet pressure P of the choke according to the wellhead flow pressure 2 ；
According to the inlet pressure P of the choke 1 And outlet pressure P 2 Obtaining the type of flow state of the fluid when the fluid passes through the restrictor;
and calculating the nozzle diameter value of the restrictor according to the type of the flow state.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by introducing the liquid column pressure drop when the inlet pressure of the throttleer is calculated, the defect that a single-phase fluid underground throttling model does not consider the influence of liquid production amount on the throttling pressure difference is corrected, the nozzle diameter of the throttleer is optimized, the generation of hydrate is effectively prevented, the liquid drainage effect is improved, the continuous liquid drainage stable production requirement of a gas well with a high liquid-gas ratio is met, the field production is effectively guided, the calculation process is simple and convenient, and the field operation is easy.
Further, the maximum value of the lower depth range is not larger than the depth value of the position of the horizontal well deflecting point.
Further, the pressure drop gradient ^ P generated by the effusion is obtained according to the gas production rate and a statistical chart of the pressure drop generated by the effusion.
Further, the outlet pressure P is calculated according to the wellhead flow pressure and combined with a pipe flow model 2 。
Further, P is calculated 2 /P 1 And judging the type of the flow state according to the calculation result, wherein the type of the flow state comprises a critical flow state and a subcritical flow state.
Further, when the flow state is a critical flow state, the calculation formula of the nozzle diameter of the restrictor is as follows:
when the flow state is a subcritical flow state, the nozzle diameter calculation formula of the restrictor is as follows:
wherein q is max Is the volume flow of gas through the choke nozzle in the critical flow regime; gamma ray g Is the relative density of natural gas; k is the gas adiabatic index; q. q.s sc Is the volume flow (under standard conditions) of gas passing through the choke nozzle in subcritical flow state, and has the unit of 10 4 m 3 /d；P 1 Is the inlet pressure of the restrictor, in MPa; p 2 Is the outlet pressure of the restrictor, with the unit being MPa; d is the diameter of the oil nozzle hole, and the unit is mm; t is 1 Is the inlet temperature of the restrictor and has the unit of K; z 1 Is the gas deviation coefficient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating downhole throttling process parameters for a high liquid-to-gas ratio gas well in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a statistical plot of gas production versus pressure drop for effusion in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a simple and convenient underground throttling process parameter design method suitable for two-phase flow, wherein the process parameters comprise the running depth of a throttling device and the nozzle diameter of the throttling device, and the running depth of the throttling device can be calculated according to the prior art; the method considers the influence of the pressure drop of the liquid column when calculating the nozzle diameter of the restrictor, corrects the influence of the liquid production amount on the pressure drop of the restrictor and the liquid carrying of the shaft, has more reasonable calculation on the nozzle diameter of the restrictor, is more practical, not only effectively prevents the generation of hydrate, but also effectively improves the liquid discharge effect, meets the requirement of stable production of continuous liquid discharge of a gas well with high liquid-gas ratio, and effectively guides field production.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a method for calculating downhole throttling process parameters for a gas well with a high liquid-gas ratio, wherein a flow chart is as shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) In order to ensure the stable liquid drainage of a gas well with a high liquid-gas ratio, a design principle that the throttler is lowered to a deeper position as far as possible is determined under the depth allowed by the throttling process. The construction difficulty is increased along with the downward movement of the installation position of the throttleer, and for a liquid production horizontal well, the maximum downward depth of the throttleer does not exceed the position L of a deflecting point of the horizontal well m At the moment, the hydrate of the shaft is more difficult to generate, so that the generation of the hydrate is more favorably avoided;
(2) Calculating effective and reasonable lower depth minimum value L of throttler 0 ；
(3) Determining the effective and reasonable lower depth range of the throttler to be L 0 -L m ；
(4) Within effective and reasonable lower depth range, when the throttle is at any lower depth L i After the determination, the vertical distance H between the position of the throttler and the bottom of the reservoir is obtained i In order to avoid the influence of the liquid production amount on the throttling pressure difference and ensure the normal and stable liquid drainage of the gas well with the high liquid-gas ratio, the well section between the throttling device and the bottom of the shaft is considered to be completely filled with a liquid column, which is equivalent to that an extra liquid loading pressure drop is considered in advance for the throttling device, so that the inlet pressure of the throttling device is reduced. Because the outlet pressure of the restrictor is unchanged (obtained according to the wellhead pressure and the gas production allocation), the pressure difference of fluid passing through the restrictor is reduced, and the nozzle diameter of the restrictor is equivalently increased under the condition of ensuring that the gas production allocation is unchanged, so that the generation of hydrates is effectively prevented, a pressure space is additionally provided for gas well drainage, a drainage channel is increased, and the stable drainage production of a gas well is facilitated. Calculating the corresponding liquid column pressure drop Δ P i ：
Wherein, Δ P i Is the liquid column pressure drop in MPa; h i The vertical distance between the current position of the choke and the bottom of the reservoir;
is as followsThe corresponding accumulated liquid generates pressure drop gradient under the condition of front gas production allocation, and the unit is MPa/100m;
the pressure drop can be obtained according to a statistical chart of the gas production and the accumulated liquid, and is shown in an attached figure 2;
(5) Calculating bottom hole flow pressure P under the current gas production allocation quantity according to the gas well productivity equation and the gas production allocation quantity wf (ii) a Or solving the bottom hole flow pressure P according to the casing pressure and the annular static gas column pressure of the gas well wf Calculating the inlet pressure P of the throttle 1i ＝P wf -△P i ；
(6) Calculating outlet pressure P of the throttler according to a wellhead flow pressure value and a pipe flow model 2i ；
(7) Based on restrictor inlet pressure P 1i And an outlet pressure P 2i Calculating the critical pressure ratio P 2i /P 1i Judging the flow state of the fluid passing through the restrictor, thereby reasonably selecting a throttling pressure drop model and calculating the size d of the nozzle diameter of the restrictor i (ii) a Thereby obtaining the lower depth L of the restrictor i And mouth diameter d i ；
When critical pressure
When it is critical flow; otherwise, the flow is subcritical flow; generally, k =1.25;
pressure vs. throughput at critical flow conditions:
pressure ratio versus production at subcritical flow conditions:
wherein q is max Is the volume flow of gas through the choke nozzle in the critical flow regime; gamma ray g Is the relative density of natural gas; k is the gas adiabatic index; q. q.s sc Is the volume flow (under standard conditions) of gas passing through the choke nozzle in subcritical flow state, and has the unit of 10 4 m 3 /d；P 1 Is the inlet pressure of the restrictor, in MPa; p 2 Is the outlet pressure of the restrictor, with the unit being MPa; d is the diameter of the oil nozzle hole, and the unit is mm; t is 1 Is the inlet temperature of the restrictor and has the unit of K; z 1 Is the gas deviation coefficient.
FIG. 2 is a statistical plot of gas production versus pressure drop due to effusion, where gas production is plotted on the abscissa and is expressed in m 3 The ordinate is the pressure gradient generated by the accumulated liquid, and the unit is MPa/100m; the curve equation in fig. 2 is:
y＝-0.1253Ln(x)+1.4305 (4)
the existing underground throttling process parameter design method is only suitable for single-phase gas calculation, and the influence of water content on the throttling pressure difference is not considered, so that the large deviation of the diameter design of the air tap of the throttling device is caused, the liquid column pressure drop is additionally considered in the nozzle diameter design process, so that the inlet pressure of the throttling device is reduced, the throttling pressure drop is increased, the nozzle diameter of the throttling device is increased in a phase-changing manner, and the liquid drainage is facilitated; meanwhile, the existing method for determining the lower depth of the throttler is provided from the perspective of hydrate prevention (minimum lower depth); for a gas well with a high liquid-gas ratio, the deepening of the throttleer is beneficial to liquid drainage, and in addition, the operation risk brought by the deepening of the throttleer is considered, and the principle that the horizontal well throttleer is maximally deep to a deflecting point is formulated in the method.
A specific example is given below to illustrate the calculation results after the method is applied to this example.
In this embodiment, a horizontal well is used as an object, and basic parameters of the horizontal well include: the depth of a point A of the horizontal well is 2666m, the deflection point 2065m, the static pressure of the stratum at the fracturing gas testing stage is 19.5847MPa, the middle flowing pressure is 16.155MPa/2666m (vertical depth is 2484.82 m), the flowing temperature of the middle part of the stratum is 84.14 ℃/2666m (vertical depth is 2484.82 m), the production string is 60.3mm, the average stable gas yield is 2.5628 ten thousand square/day, the average daily water yield is 9.5 square/day, and the unimpeded flow is 7.3862 ten thousand square/day. The well adopts the downhole throttling process to produce at low pressure, the pressure of an external transmission pipe network of the gas gathering station is 3.5MPa at present, and the production allocation is 2.5 ten thousand square/day.
(1) According to the formation testing parameters, a one-point method productivity equation is utilized to calculate the corresponding bottom hole flowing pressure of 16.264MPa under the condition that the current production allocation is 2.5 ten thousand square/day, as shown in the table 1;
TABLE 1 corresponding bottom hole flow pressure values under different production allocation conditions
(2) Assuming that the lower depth of the choke is 1000m, solving the inlet pressure P of the choke by using a Gray pipe flow model according to the bottom flow pressure of a gas well of 16.264MPa and the bottom flow temperature of 84.14 DEG C 1 At an inlet temperature T of 13.047MPa 1 Is 45.541 ℃;
(3) Known wellhead oil pressure P h The outlet pressure P of the restrictor is calculated according to a Gray pipe flow model and is 3.5MPa 2 Is 4.330MPa;
(4) Calculating the flow pressure ratio P of the choke according to the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure of the choke 2 /P 1 0.332 and less than the critical value of 0.55, judging the flow state of the fluid passing through the throttling device to be critical flow, and selecting a throttling pressure drop equation (2) to calculate the size d of the nozzle diameter of the throttling device 0 Is 3.74mm;
(5) According to the inlet pressure, the outlet pressure, the inlet temperature and the gas-liquid ratio of the throttler, the outlet temperature T of the throttler is solved by using a two-phase flow throttling pressure drop temperature drop fitting empirical formula 2 At 25.584 deg.C;
(6) Method for solving temperature value T of whole-wellbore fluid by using Gray pipe flow model zi, Calculating the generation temperature value T of the hydrate of the whole shaft by using a hydrate prediction model zj As shown in table 2;
TABLE 2 Total wellbore fluid temperature and hydrate formation temperature predictions
(7) As can be seen from table 2, the temperature of the fluid in the whole wellbore is always greater than the hydrate generation temperature, wherein the temperature of the fluid at the wellhead is just the same as the hydrate generation temperature, which indicates that the choke can just effectively prevent and treat the hydrate generation at the current depth, meets the anti-blocking requirement, and finally determines that the minimum depth of the choke is 1000m;
(8) In order to ensure the stable liquid drainage of a gas well with a high liquid-gas ratio, a design principle that the throttler is lowered to a deeper position as far as possible is determined under the depth allowed by the throttling process. The construction difficulty is increased along with the downward movement of the installation position of the throttleer, and for a liquid production horizontal well, the maximum downward depth of the throttleer does not exceed the position L of a deflection point of the horizontal well m And at the moment, the difficulty of generating the hydrate in the shaft is higher, and the generation of the hydrate is more favorably avoided. Therefore, the reasonable lower depth range of the throttling device is finally determined to be 1000m-2065m;
(9) When the lower depth of the throttle is L i After the determination, the vertical distance H between the position of the choke and the bottom of the reservoir can be obtained i Calculating the corresponding liquid column pressure drop as Δ P i . Meanwhile, the inlet pressure P at different choke positions is calculated according to the bottom hole flow pressure value 1i ＝P wf -△P i As shown in table 3;
table 3 different lower depth positions of the choke correspond to the liquid pressure drop value of the shaft and the inlet pressure value of the choke
(10) Calculating outlet pressure P at different choke positions according to wellhead flow pressure value and pipe flow model 2i (ii) a Based on restrictor inlet pressure P 1i And outlet pressure P 2i First, the critical pressure ratio P is calculated 2i /P 1i Judging the flow state of the fluid passing through the restrictor, thereby reasonably selecting a restriction pressure drop model and calculating the size d of the nozzle diameter of the restrictor i (ii) a Thereby obtaining the lower depth L of the restrictor i And mouth diameter d i As shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 designed nozzle diameter of restrictor under different depth conditions
The invention corrects the defect that the single-phase fluid underground throttling model does not consider the influence of the liquid production amount on the throttling differential pressure, introduces the liquid column pressure drop when calculating the inlet pressure, effectively prevents the generation of hydrate, improves the liquid drainage effect, meets the continuous liquid drainage stable production requirement of a gas well with a high liquid-gas ratio, effectively guides the field production, has simple and convenient calculation process and is easy to operate on the field by optimizing the size of the nozzle of the throttling device.
However, the invention is not limited to the described embodiment, and the key point of the invention is that the influence of the liquid production amount on the throttling pressure difference is considered, and the factor of liquid column pressure drop is introduced when the inlet pressure of the throttling device is calculated, so that the method for calculating the nozzle diameter of the throttling device according to the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure of the throttling device or the method for calculating the lower depth minimum value is only changed, and the technical scheme formed by fine adjustment of the above embodiment still falls into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for calculating underground throttling process parameters for a gas well with a high liquid-gas ratio is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the running depth of the choke within a reasonable running depth range of the choke, and calculating the corresponding liquid column pressure drop delta P when the current position of the choke and the bottom of a reservoir are filled with liquid columns i The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, Δ P i The unit is MPa; h i The vertical distance between the current position of the choke and the bottom of the reservoir;
the pressure drop gradient is generated for the corresponding effusion under the current gas production allocation condition;
determining the bottom hole flowing pressure, and calculating the inlet pressure P of the throttleer according to the bottom hole flowing pressure and the liquid column pressure drop 1 = bottom hole flow pressure-liquid column pressure drop Δ P i ；
Determining wellhead flow pressure and calculating outlet pressure P of the choke according to the wellhead flow pressure 2 ；
According to the inlet pressure P of the throttle 1 And outlet pressure P 2 Obtaining the type of flow pattern of the fluid as it passes through the restriction;
and calculating the nozzle diameter value of the restrictor according to the type of the flow state.
2. The method for calculating the downhole throttling process parameters for the gas well with the high liquid-gas ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the maximum value of the lower depth range is not greater than the depth value of the position of the horizontal well deflecting point.
3. The method for calculating the underground throttling process parameters for the gas well with the high liquid-gas ratio as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: pressure drop gradient produced by the accumulated liquid
And obtaining the pressure drop according to the gas production and the accumulated liquid.
4. The downhole throttling process parameter for the gas well with the high liquid-gas ratio as claimed in claim 3The number calculation method is characterized in that: calculating the outlet pressure P according to the wellhead flow pressure and by combining a pipe flow model 2 。
5. The method for calculating the downhole throttling process parameters for the gas well with the high liquid-gas ratio as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: calculating P 2 /P 1 And judging the type of the flow state according to the calculation result, wherein the type of the flow state comprises a critical flow state and a subcritical flow state.
6. The method for calculating the downhole throttling process parameters for the gas well with the high liquid-gas ratio as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the flow state is a critical flow state, the calculation formula of the nozzle diameter of the restrictor is as follows:
when the flow state is a subcritical flow state, the nozzle diameter calculation formula of the restrictor is as follows:
wherein q is max Is the volume flow of gas through the choke nozzle in the critical flow regime; gamma ray g Is the relative density of natural gas; k is the gas adiabatic index; q. q.s sc Is the volume flow of gas passing through the choke nozzle in the subcritical flow state, and the unit is 10 4 m 3 /d；P 1 Is the inlet pressure of the restrictor, in MPa; p 2 Is the outlet pressure of the restrictor, with the unit being MPa; d is the diameter of the oil nozzle hole, and the unit is mm; t is a unit of 1 Is the inlet temperature of the restrictor and has the unit of K; z 1 Is the gas deviation coefficient.
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| CN103114828A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-05-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Setting method of underground throttle technological parameter |
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