CN109597114B - Detector signal reading circuit, detector and signal processing method - Google Patents
Detector signal reading circuit, detector and signal processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109597114B CN109597114B CN201811306133.6A CN201811306133A CN109597114B CN 109597114 B CN109597114 B CN 109597114B CN 201811306133 A CN201811306133 A CN 201811306133A CN 109597114 B CN109597114 B CN 109597114B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detector signal reading circuit, a detector and a signal processing method, wherein cathode signal output ends of SiPM pixels in each row of an SiPM array are connected to form M row common connection ends, anode signal output ends of SiPM pixels in each column are connected to form N column common connection ends, each row common connection end and each column common connection end are connected with a signal reading circuit, when the SiPM array is in a Geiger mode, the signal reading circuit can filter out alternating current signals in each row and each column, the M row signal reading circuit can carry out weighted summation on the cathode alternating current signals in the M rows to obtain two row signals, the N column signal reading circuit can carry out weighted summation on the anode alternating current signals in the N columns to obtain two column signals, the invention sets weight coefficients of sub-circuits in the rows and the columns, so that the coordinate accuracy of the position of a scintillation crystal obtained by a gravity center method based on the row and column signals is higher, and a large amount of shunt resistors and analog amplifiers are not needed, the electronic complexity of the circuit and the readout board area are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectric detection, in particular to a detector signal reading circuit, a detector and a signal processing method.
Background
Silicon Photomultipliers (sipms) are a common photodetector in recent years, and are used for nuclear medicine Positron Emission Tomography (PET), nuclear physics research, and the like.
The current PET detector research hotspot is a high-performance position sensitive detector, and is generally composed of an SiPM array, a signal readout circuit and a scintillation crystal array. The principle of a position sensitive detector is to determine the specific position of the crystal by the center of gravity of the distribution of scintillation light in the scintillation crystal in the SiPM array. Because the number of channels of the SiPM array is usually large, the electronic complexity and the cost are high due to the adoption of a single reading method, and at present, the signal reading method based on the SiPM array mainly comprises two types, namely a discrete positioning method and a charge distribution method. The two methods have advantages and disadvantages respectively: the charge distribution method has better time performance and positioning accuracy, but the electronic complexity is still high; the discrete localization method has low electronic complexity, but has poor time performance and slightly poor localization accuracy compared with the charge distribution method.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a detector signal reading circuit, a detector and a signal processing method, which can reduce the electronic complexity of the reading circuit and ensure good timeliness and positioning accuracy.
A first aspect of embodiments of the present invention provides a detector signal readout circuit, including: the device comprises an isolation resistor, a signal taking resistor, a signal reading circuit and a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array with M rows and N columns;
each row of the SiPM array is provided with N SiPM pixels, each column of the SiPM array is provided with M SiPM pixels, cathode signal output ends of the N SiPM pixels of each row in the SiPM array are connected to form M row common connection ends, and anode signal output ends of the M SiPM pixels of each column in the SiPM array are connected to form N column common connection ends;
the signal reading circuit comprises two sub-circuits, the signal reading circuit is provided with an input end and two output ends, the two output ends are respectively the output ends of the two sub-circuits in the signal reading circuit, each row common connection end is connected with the input end of one signal reading circuit in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and each column common connection end is connected with the input end of one signal reading circuit in a one-to-one correspondence mode;
one output end of each signal readout circuit in the M rows of signal readout circuits is connected together to form a first cathode signal output end, the other output ends are connected together to form a second cathode signal output end, the signal readout circuit is used for isolating direct current signals transmitted to the input end of the signal readout circuit, filtering out alternating current signals input from the input end of the signal readout circuit, the filtered alternating current signals are weighted by two sub-circuits contained in the circuit, the weighting coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end are sequentially increased or sequentially decreased according to the sequence of increasing the row sequence number of the M row signal reading circuit, the weighting coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected to the second cathode signal output terminal are increased in the order of increasing the row number of the M-row signal readout circuit, the weight coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end are set in a reverse order;
one output end of each signal readout circuit in the N columns of signal readout circuits is connected together to form a first anode signal output end, the other output ends are connected together to form a second anode signal output end, the signal readout circuit is used for isolating direct current signals transmitted to the input end of the signal readout circuit, filtering out alternating current signals input from the input end of the signal readout circuit, the filtered alternating current signals are weighted by two sub-circuits contained in the circuit, the weighting coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are sequentially increased or sequentially decreased according to the sequence of increasing the column serial numbers of the N column signal reading circuits, the weighting coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the second anode signal output end are calculated according to the increasing sequence of the column serial numbers of the N column signal reading circuits, the weight coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are set in a reverse order;
each row common connection end is connected with one isolation resistor in a one-to-one corresponding mode, and each column common connection end is connected with one signal taking resistor in a one-to-one corresponding mode; under the condition that reverse bias voltage applied to the SiPM array is positive voltage, the other ends of the isolation resistors connected with the row common connection ends are connected together to form a common cathode, the reverse bias voltage is applied through the common cathode, and the other end of the signal taking resistor connected with the column common connection ends is grounded; under the condition that the reverse bias voltage applied to the SiPM array is negative voltage, the other end of the isolation resistor connected with the row common connection end is grounded, the other end of the signal taking resistor connected with the column common connection end is connected together to form a common anode, and the reverse bias voltage is applied through the common anode.
A second aspect of embodiments of the invention provides a detector comprising a PET detector signal readout circuit as described above.
A third aspect of embodiments of the present invention provides a signal processing method applied to a detector signal readout circuit as described above or a PET detector as described above, the signal processing method including:
when the SiPM array of the detector signal readout circuit works in a Geiger mode, the SiPM pixels of each row in the SiPM array output cathode signals of the SiPM pixels to row common connection ends of the row, and simultaneously the SiPM pixels of each column output anode signals of the SiPM pixels to column common connection ends of the column;
the signal readout circuit of each row filters out an alternating-current cathode signal from the cathode signals output by the row common connection end, and the signal readout circuit of each column filters out an alternating-current anode signal from the anode signals output by the column common connection end;
the signal readout circuits in M rows perform weighted summation processing on the filtered cathode signals to obtain first cathode signals X1 output from the first cathode signal output terminal and second cathode signals X2 output from the second cathode signal output terminal, and the signal readout circuits in N columns perform weighted summation processing on the filtered anode signals to obtain first anode signals Y1 output from the first anode signal output terminal and second anode signals Y2 output from the second anode signal output terminal.
The embodiment of the invention provides a detector signal reading circuit, a detector and a signal processing method, wherein in the embodiment, cathode signal output ends of SiPM pixels in each row of an SiPM array are connected to form M row common connection ends, anode signal output ends of SiPM pixels in each column are connected to form N column common connection ends, each row common connection end and each column common connection end are connected with a signal reading circuit, when the SiPM array is in a Geiger mode, the signal reading circuit can filter out alternating current signals in each row and each column, carry out weighted summation on cathode signals of alternating current in the M rows to obtain two row signals, carry out weighted summation on anode signals of alternating current in the N columns to obtain two column signals, and set weight coefficients of sub-circuits in the rows and the columns in the embodiment of the invention, so that the coordinate precision of the position of a scintillation crystal of an occurrence event, which is calculated by a gravity center method based on the row signals and the column signals, is higher in the embodiment, and a large amount of shunt resistors and analog amplifiers are not needed, so that the electronic complexity of the circuit and the area of a reading board are reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a signal readout circuit of a detector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a signal processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present embodiment provides a detector signal readout circuit, referring to fig. 1, which includes an isolation resistor 11 (not fully labeled in fig. 1), a signal fetching resistor 12 (not fully labeled in fig. 1), a signal readout circuit 13 (composed of 131 and 132 in fig. 1), and a silicon photomultiplier array 14 with M rows and N columns (the SiPM array shown in fig. 1 has 4 rows and 4 columns, and there are 16 SiPM pixels S1-S16, but it is understood that the number of rows and columns of the SiPM array is not limited in fig. 1 in practice);
each row of the SiPM array is provided with N SiPM pixels, each column of the SiPM array is provided with M SiPM pixels, cathode signal output ends of the N SiPM pixels of each row in the SiPM array are connected to form M row common connection ends a, and anode signal output ends of the M SiPM pixels of each column in the SiPM array are connected to form N column common connection ends b;
the signal readout circuit 13 includes two sub-circuits 131, the signal readout circuit has an input end and two output ends, the two output ends are respectively the output ends of the two sub-circuits 131 in the signal readout circuit, each row common connection end a is connected with the input end of one signal readout circuit in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and each column common connection end b is connected with the input end of one signal readout circuit in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
one output terminal of each of the M-row signal sensing circuits 13 is connected together to form a first cathode signal output terminal 1311, the other output terminals are connected together to form a second cathode signal output terminal 1312, the signal readout circuit 13 is used to isolate the dc signal transmitted to its input, filter out the ac signal input from its input, the filtered alternating current signals are weighted by two sub-circuits contained in the circuit and are output after being weighted, the weight coefficients of the M sub-circuits to which the first cathode signal output terminal 1311 is connected sequentially increase or sequentially decrease according to the order in which the row numbers of the M-row signal readout circuits increase, the weighting coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected to the second cathode signal output terminal 1312 in the order of increasing row numbers of the M signal readout circuits, the weight coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end are set in a reverse order;
one output terminal of each of the N columns of signal sensing circuits 13 is connected together to form a first anode signal output terminal 1313, the other output terminal is connected together to form a second anode signal output terminal 1314, the signal readout circuit is used for isolating direct current signals transmitted to the input end of the signal readout circuit, filtering out alternating current signals input from the input end of the signal readout circuit, the filtered alternating current signal is weighted by two sub-circuits contained in the filter, and the weighted alternating current signal is output after weighting, the weighting coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output terminal 1313 sequentially increase or sequentially decrease in accordance with the order of increasing column numbers of the N-column signal readout circuits, the weighting coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected to the second anode signal output terminal 1314 in the order of increasing column numbers of the N column signal readout circuits, the weight coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output terminal 1313 are set in reverse order;
each row common connection end a is connected with one isolation resistor 11 in a one-to-one corresponding mode, and each column common connection end is connected with one signal taking resistor 12 in a one-to-one corresponding mode; when the reverse bias voltage applied to the SiPM array is a positive voltage, the other ends of the isolation resistors 11 connected to the row common terminals are connected together to form a common cathode (as shown in fig. 1, a common cathode V)Bias) A reverse bias voltage is applied through the common cathode, and the other end of the signal taking resistor 12 is grounded (as shown in fig. 1); when the reverse bias voltage applied to the SiPM array is a negative voltage, the other end of the isolation resistor connected to the row common terminal is grounded (not shown in fig. 1), and the other end of the signal taking resistor connected to the column common terminal is connected together to form a common anode (not shown in fig. 1), through which the reverse bias voltage is applied.
In practice, a common cathode or common anode mode is generally adopted to input a reverse bias voltage to the SiPM array, so that the SiPM array operates in a geiger mode, and in order to avoid that the reverse bias voltage of each row affects other rows, the embodiment of the present invention isolates the reverse bias voltage of each row by using the isolation resistor 11. The resistance of the isolation resistor can be determined according to the size of the SiPM array in the detector signal readout circuit and other practical conditions of the circuit, which is not limited in this embodiment.
The relationship of the weighting coefficients of the sub-circuits in the detector signal readout circuit is described below with reference to the circuit diagram of fig. 1.
According to the sequence from the signal readout circuit of the uppermost first row to the signal readout circuit of the lowermost fourth row in fig. 1, the weight coefficients of the 4 rows of sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal 1311 are monotonously changed from the first row to the last row, i.e., the weight coefficients of the 4 rows of sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal 1311 are sequentially increased or sequentially decreased from the first row to the last row, and the weight coefficients of the 4 rows of sub-circuits connected to the second cathode signal output terminal 1312 from the first row to the last row are set in reverse order, i.e., the weight coefficient of the first row of sub-circuit in the 4 rows of sub-circuits connected to the second cathode signal output terminal 1312 is equal to the weight coefficient of the last row of sub-circuit in the 4 rows of sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal 1311, the weight coefficients of the second row of sub-circuits connected to the second cathode signal output terminal 1312 are equal to the weight coefficients of the second last row of sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal 1311 of the 4 rows of sub-circuits connected to the second cathode signal output terminal 1312, and the weight coefficients of the third row of sub-circuits connected to the second cathode signal output terminal 1312 are equal to the weight coefficients of the third last row of sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal 1311 of the 4 rows of sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal 1311, and so on, for an array of M N, the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal 1311 and the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the second cathode signal output terminal 1312 also satisfy the above-described similar relationship.
According to the sequence from the signal readout circuit of the first leftmost column to the signal readout circuit of the fourth rightmost column in fig. 1, the weight coefficients of the 4-column sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output terminal 1313 from the first column to the last column show monotonous change, i.e., the weight coefficients of the 4-column sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output terminal 1313 from the first column to the last column increase or decrease in sequence, and the weight coefficients of the 4-column sub-circuits connected to the second anode signal output terminal 1314 from the first column to the last column are set in reverse order, i.e., the weight coefficient of the first column of the 4-column sub-circuits connected to the second anode signal output terminal 1314 is equal to the weight coefficient of the last column of the 4-column sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output terminal 1313, and the weight coefficient of the second column of the 4-column sub-circuits connected to the second anode signal output terminal 1314 is equal to the weight coefficient of the first anode signal output terminal 1313 The weighting factors of the second last column of the 4-column sub-circuit connected to the signal output 1313 are equal, and the weighting factor of the third column of the 4-column sub-circuit connected to the second anode signal output 1314 is equal to the weighting factor of the second column of the 4-column sub-circuit connected to the first anode signal output 1313, and so on. For an M x N SiPM array, the weighting factors of the sub-circuits to which the first anode signal output 1313 is connected and the weighting factors of the sub-circuits to which the second anode signal output 1314 is connected also satisfy the similar relationship described above.
In this embodiment, the signal readout circuit may employ resistive weighting or capacitive weighting.
Optionally, in an example, by adopting a scheme of resistance weighting, the signal reading circuit further includes a blocking capacitor 132, the input ends of the two sub-circuits 131 of the signal reading circuit are connected together, the blocking capacitor 132 is connected between the input end of the signal reading circuit and the input end of the sub-circuit 131, and a weighting resistor is arranged between the input end and the output end of each sub-circuit of the signal reading circuit;
the weighted resistance values of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end sequentially increase or decrease according to the increasing sequence of the row sequence numbers of the M rows of signal reading circuits; according to the increasing sequence of the row sequence numbers of the M rows of signal reading circuits, the weighted resistance values of the M sub-circuits connected with the second cathode signal output end and the weighted resistance values of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end are set in a reverse sequence.
For example, referring to fig. 1, for the 4 sub-circuits to which the first cathode signal output terminal 1311 is connected, the weighted resistances are R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively, from the first row sub-circuit to the last row sub-circuit, and for the 4 sub-circuits to which the second cathode signal output terminal 1312 is connected, the resistance value changes of the weighted resistances R4, R3, R2, and R1, respectively, R1 to R4, from the first row sub-circuit to the last row sub-circuit, have monotonicity, such as R1 to R4 increasing sequentially or R1 to R4 decreasing sequentially.
The weighted resistance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end sequentially increase or sequentially decrease according to the sequence of increasing the column serial numbers of the N column signal reading circuits; according to the increasing sequence of the column serial numbers of the N columns of signal reading circuits, the weighted resistance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the second anode signal output end and the weighted resistance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are set in a reverse sequence.
For example, referring also to fig. 1, for the 4 sub-circuits to which the first anode signal output terminal 1313 is connected, the weighting resistors are R4, R3, R2, and R1, respectively, from the first column sub-circuit to the last column sub-circuit, and for the 4 sub-circuits to which the second anode signal output terminal 1314 is connected, the weighting resistors are R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively, and the resistance value changes of R1 to R4 have monotonicity, such as R1 to R4 increasing sequentially or R1 to R4 decreasing sequentially.
Optionally, the inverse numbers of the weighted resistance values of the M sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output end are in an arithmetic progression according to the sequence of increasing row numbers of the M row signal readout circuits; the reciprocal of the weighted resistance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end is in an arithmetic progression according to the sequence of increasing row serial numbers of the N row signal reading circuits.
For example, referring again to fig. 1, for the weighted resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4 of the 4 sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal 1311, their inverse numbers of the resistance values are in an arithmetic progression, for example
For the weighted resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4 of the 4 sub-circuits connected to the second anode signal output 1314, their inverse numbers are in an arithmetic progression, for example
It should be understood that the above arithmetic progression is only for illustration and not for limiting the ratio of the inverse of the weighted resistance value in the present embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1, in the scheme of resistance weighting, a row common terminal of each row of the SiPM array of this embodiment is connected to one end of a dc blocking capacitor, and a column common terminal of each column is connected to one end of a dc blocking capacitor, where the capacitance values of the dc blocking capacitors connected to different rows may be the same, and the capacitance values of the dc blocking capacitors connected to different columns may be the same.
In one example, a capacitance weighting scheme is adopted, wherein the input ends of two sub-circuits of a signal readout circuit are connected together to serve as the input end of the signal readout circuit, and a weighting capacitor is arranged between the input end and the output end of each sub-circuit of the signal readout circuit. Alternatively, in one example, a 0 ohm resistor may be connected between the input terminals of the signal sensing circuit and the row and column common terminals.
The weighted capacitance values of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end sequentially increase or decrease according to the increasing sequence of the row sequence numbers of the M rows of signal reading circuits, and the weighted capacitance values of the M sub-circuits connected with the second cathode signal output end and the weighted capacitance values of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end are set in a reverse sequence according to the increasing sequence of the row sequence numbers of the M rows of signal reading circuits;
the weighted capacitance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end sequentially increase or sequentially decrease according to the increasing sequence of the column serial numbers of the N columns of signal reading circuits, and the weighted capacitance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the second anode signal output end and the weighted capacitance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are set in a reverse sequence according to the increasing sequence of the column serial numbers of the N columns of signal reading circuits.
For example, R1 in fig. 1 is replaced by C1, R2 is replaced by C2, R3 is replaced by C3 · · and so on, then for the 4 subcircuits connected to the first cathode signal output 1311, the weighting capacitances are C1, C2, C3 and C4, respectively, for the 4 subcircuits connected to the second cathode signal output 1312, from the first row subcircuit to the last row subcircuit, the weighting capacitances are C4, C3, C2 and C1, respectively, for the 4 subcircuits connected to the first anode signal output 1313, from the first column subcircuit to the last column subcircuit, the weighting capacitances are C4, C3, C2 and C1, respectively, for the 4 subcircuits connected to the second anode signal output 1314, from the first column subcircuit to the last column subcircuit, the weighting capacitances are C84, C4642, C3984, C4 and C394645, respectively. The capacitance values of C1-C4 are monotonous in change, and the capacitance values of weighted capacitances C1-C4 are sequentially increased or sequentially decreased.
Optionally, the weighted capacitance values of the M sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output end are in an arithmetic progression according to an increasing sequence of the row sequence numbers of the M rows of signal readout circuits; the weighted capacitance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are in an arithmetic progression according to the increasing sequence of the column serial numbers of the N column signal reading circuits.
For example, C1: C2: C3: C4: 1:2:3: 4.
In one example, when a reverse bias voltage is input to the common cathode, in order to avoid negative influence of power supply instability on the detector signal readout circuit, a grounded filter capacitor is optionally connected between the common cathode and the isolation resistor of each row. The capacitance of the grounded filter capacitor may be the same as the capacitance of the dc blocking capacitor.
Alternatively, the SiPM array of this embodiment may be replaced with a GAPD (geiger-mode avalanche photodiode) array.
Further, the present embodiment also provides a PET detector including the detection signal readout circuit as described above.
In this embodiment, when a reverse bias voltage is input through the common cathode or the common anode, so that the SiPM array operates in the geiger mode, if there is a scintillation crystal in the SiPM array interacting with a ray, an alternating current signal is generated and output from the cathode and the anode of the SiPM where the scintillation crystal is located.
Further, the present embodiment also provides a signal processing method, which is applied to the detector signal readout circuit or the PET detector as described above, as shown in fig. 2, and includes:
alternatively, the SiPM pixels of the SiPM array may be operated in the geiger mode by applying a positive voltage to a common cathode of the detector signal readout circuit (as shown in fig. 1), or by applying a negative voltage to a common anode of the detector signal readout circuit.
202, filtering alternating-current cathode signals from cathode signals output by the row common connection end by the signal reading circuit of each row, and filtering alternating-current anode signals from anode signals output by the column common connection end by the signal reading circuit of each column;
as shown in fig. 1, under the scheme of weighting resistors, the dc blocking capacitor achieves the effect of blocking direct current and alternating current, and the alternating current signal of each row or each column enters the corresponding sub-circuit through the dc blocking capacitor.
In step 203, the signal readout circuits in M rows perform weighted summation on the filtered cathode signals to obtain a first cathode signal X1 output from the first cathode signal output terminal and a second cathode signal X2 output from the second cathode signal output terminal, and the signal readout circuits in N columns perform weighted summation on the filtered anode signals to obtain a first anode signal Y1 output from the first anode signal output terminal and a second anode signal Y2 output from the second anode signal output terminal.
Taking the circuit of fig. 1 as an example, in step 203, four cathode ac signals output by four row common terminals are encoded into 2 row-related signals X1 and X2 after weighted summation by the signal readout circuit, and four anode ac signals output by four column common terminals are encoded into 2 column-related signals Y1 and Y2 after weighted summation by the row signal readout circuit.
According to the embodiment, the position of the scintillation crystal where an event occurs can be calculated more accurately according to the first cathode signal X1 and the second cathode signal X2, and the first anode signal Y1 and the second anode signal Y2, wherein an event is called an event when a ray interacts with the scintillation crystal. The radiation may be gamma radiation or other types of radiation, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto.
In one example, if the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal are sequentially increased in the order in which the row numbers of the M-row signal readout circuits are sequentially increased, and the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output terminal are sequentially increased in the order in which the column numbers of the N-column signal readout circuits are sequentially increased, the position of the scintillator crystal at which an event occurs in the SiPM array is calculated according to the following formula,
wherein, the origin of the coordinate system is the SiPM pixel of the first row and the first column in the SiPM array; the direction of an x axis is the direction of increasing the weight coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end, the direction of a y axis is the direction of increasing the weight coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end, x in the formula is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the x axis of the coordinate system, and y is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the y axis of the coordinate system;
taking the circuit in fig. 1 as an example, if the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal sequentially increase from one row to the fourth row (counted from top to bottom), and the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output terminal sequentially increase from the first column to the fourth column (counted from left to right), the origin of coordinates is on the SiPM pixel in the first row and the first column (S1 in fig. 1), the direction from X1 to X2 in fig. 1 is the direction of the X axis, and the direction from Y2 to Y1 is the direction of the Y axis.
In one example, if the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal decrease in order according to the order in which the row numbers of the M-row signal readout circuits sequentially increase, and the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output terminal increase in order according to the order in which the column numbers of the N-column signal readout circuits sequentially increase, the position of the scintillation crystal at which an event occurs in the SiPM array is calculated according to the following formula;
wherein, the origin of the coordinate system is the SiPM pixel of the Mth row and the first row in the SiPM array; the direction of an x axis is the direction in which the weight coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end are increased, the direction of a y axis is the direction in which the weight coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are increased, x is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the x axis of a coordinate system, and y is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the y axis of the coordinate system;
taking the circuit in fig. 1 as an example, if the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal decrease sequentially from one row to the fourth row (from top to bottom), and the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output terminal increase sequentially from the first column to the fourth column (from left to right), the origin of coordinates is at the SiPM pixel in the first column of the fourth row (S13 in fig. 1), the direction from X2 to X1 in fig. 1 is the direction of the X-axis, and the direction from Y2 to Y1 is the direction of the Y-axis.
In one example, if the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output end sequentially increase according to the sequence that the row numbers of the M row signal reading circuits sequentially increase, and the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output end sequentially decrease according to the sequence that the column numbers of the N column signal reading circuits sequentially increase, the position of the scintillation crystal with an event in the SiPM array is calculated according to the following formula, wherein the event is called an event when a ray interacts with the scintillation crystal;
wherein, the origin of the coordinate system is the SiPM pixel of the first row and the Nth column in the SiPM array; the direction of an x axis is the direction in which the weight coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end are increased, the direction of a y axis is the direction in which the weight coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are increased, x is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the x axis of a coordinate system, and y is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the y axis of the coordinate system;
taking the circuit in fig. 1 as an example, if the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal sequentially increase from one row to the fourth row (counted from top to bottom), and the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output terminal sequentially decrease from the first column to the fourth column (counted from left to right), the coordinate origin is on the SiPM pixel (S4 in fig. 1) in the first row and the fourth column, the direction of X1 to X2 in fig. 1 is the direction of the X-axis, and the direction of Y1 to Y2 is the direction of the Y-axis.
In one example, if the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output end are sequentially decreased according to the sequence that the row numbers of the M row signal reading circuits are sequentially increased, and the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output end are sequentially decreased according to the sequence that the column numbers of the N column signal reading circuits are sequentially increased, the position of the scintillation crystal with an event in the SiPM array is calculated according to the following formula, wherein the event is called an event when a ray interacts with the scintillation crystal;
wherein, the origin of the coordinate system is the SiPM pixel of the Mth row and the Nth column in the SiPM array; the direction of the x axis is the direction of increasing the weight coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end, the direction of the y axis is the direction of increasing the weight coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end, x is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the x axis of the coordinate system, and y is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the y axis of the coordinate system.
Taking the circuit in fig. 1 as an example, if the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal decrease sequentially from one row to the fourth row (from top to bottom), and the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output terminal decrease sequentially from the first column to the fourth column (from left to right), the origin of coordinates is at the SiPM pixel (S16 in fig. 1) in the fourth row and the fourth column, in fig. 1, the direction from X2 to X1 is the direction of the X-axis, and the direction from Y1 to Y2 is the direction of the Y-axis.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the energy E generated by the detector signal readout circuit due to the interaction between the radiation and the scintillation crystal is represented as: e ═ EX1+ EX2+ EY1+ EY2, where EX1 is the energy of signal X1, EX2 is the energy of signal X2, EY1 is the energy of signal Y1, and EY2 is the energy of signal Y2.
The detector signal reading circuit of the embodiment is simpler, can effectively reduce the area of the reading board and power consumption, and is beneficial to reducing the cost of circuits for reading X1, X2, Y1 and Y2 signals and electronic circuits at the rear end. Based on this detector signal readout circuit, the cathode signal of every row and the anode signal of every column can read out simultaneously, have guaranteed the time performance, and this embodiment is based on the setting to the weight coefficient of the sub-circuit of signal readout circuit for the coordinate precision of the position of scintillation crystal that obtains through the gravity center method based on row, row signal is higher, promotes the positioning accuracy to scintillation crystal, promotes user experience.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus, system, and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, a division of modules is merely a division of logical functions, and an actual implementation may have another division, for example, a plurality of modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or modules, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
Modules described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as modules may or may not be physical modules, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network modules. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment.
In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each of the modules may exist alone physically, or two or more modules are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode.
It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the above-mentioned method embodiments are described as a series of acts or combinations, but those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the described order of acts, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to the present invention. Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are presently preferred and that no acts or modules are necessarily required of the invention.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In view of the above description of the detector signal readout circuit, the detector and the signal processing method provided by the present invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are variations in the specific implementation and application scope according to the concepts of the embodiments of the present invention, and in summary, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A detector signal readout circuit, comprising: the device comprises an isolation resistor, a signal taking resistor, a signal reading circuit and a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array with M rows and N columns;
each row of the SiPM array is provided with N SiPM pixels, each column of the SiPM array is provided with M SiPM pixels, cathode signal output ends of the N SiPM pixels of each row in the SiPM array are connected to form M row common connection ends, and anode signal output ends of the M SiPM pixels of each column in the SiPM array are connected to form N column common connection ends;
the signal reading circuit comprises two sub-circuits, the signal reading circuit is provided with an input end and two output ends, the two output ends are respectively the output ends of the two sub-circuits in the signal reading circuit, each row common connection end is connected with the input end of one signal reading circuit in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and each column common connection end is connected with the input end of one signal reading circuit in a one-to-one correspondence mode;
one output end of each signal readout circuit in the M rows of signal readout circuits is connected together to form a first cathode signal output end, the other output ends are connected together to form a second cathode signal output end, the signal readout circuit is used for isolating direct current signals transmitted to the input end of the signal readout circuit, filtering out alternating current signals input from the input end of the signal readout circuit, the filtered alternating current signals are weighted by two sub-circuits contained in the circuit, the weighting coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end are sequentially increased or sequentially decreased according to the sequence of increasing the row sequence number of the M row signal reading circuit, the weighting coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected to the second cathode signal output terminal are increased in the order of increasing the row number of the M-row signal readout circuit, the weight coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end are set in a reverse order;
one output end of each signal readout circuit in the N columns of signal readout circuits is connected together to form a first anode signal output end, the other output ends are connected together to form a second anode signal output end, the signal readout circuit is used for isolating direct current signals transmitted to the input end of the signal readout circuit, filtering out alternating current signals input from the input end of the signal readout circuit, the filtered alternating current signals are weighted by two sub-circuits contained in the circuit, the weighting coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are sequentially increased or sequentially decreased according to the sequence of increasing the column serial numbers of the N column signal reading circuits, the weighting coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the second anode signal output end are calculated according to the increasing sequence of the column serial numbers of the N column signal reading circuits, the weight coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are set in a reverse order;
each row common connection end is connected with one isolation resistor in a one-to-one corresponding mode, and each column common connection end is connected with one signal taking resistor in a one-to-one corresponding mode; under the condition that reverse bias voltage applied to the SiPM array is positive voltage, the other ends of the isolation resistors connected with the row common connection ends are connected together to form a common cathode, the reverse bias voltage is applied through the common cathode, and the other end of the signal taking resistor connected with the column common connection ends is grounded; under the condition that the reverse bias voltage applied to the SiPM array is negative voltage, the other end of the isolation resistor connected with the row common connection end is grounded, the other end of the signal taking resistor connected with the column common connection end is connected together to form a common anode, and the reverse bias voltage is applied through the common anode.
2. The detector signal readout circuit of claim 1, wherein the input terminals of the two sub-circuits of the signal readout circuit are connected together, a dc blocking capacitor is connected between the input terminal of the signal readout circuit and the input terminal of the sub-circuit, and a weighting resistor is provided between the input terminal and the output terminal of each sub-circuit of the signal readout circuit;
the weighted resistance values of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end sequentially increase or decrease according to the increasing sequence of the row sequence numbers of the M rows of signal reading circuits; according to the increasing sequence of the row sequence numbers of the M rows of signal reading circuits, the weighted resistance values of the M sub-circuits connected with the second cathode signal output end and the weighted resistance values of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end are set in a reverse sequence;
the weighted resistance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end sequentially increase or decrease according to the sequence of increasing the column serial numbers of the N column signal reading circuits; according to the increasing sequence of the column serial numbers of the N columns of signal reading circuits, the weighted resistance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the second anode signal output end and the weighted resistance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are set in a reverse sequence.
3. The detector signal readout circuit of claim 2 wherein the inverse of the weighted resistance values of the M subcircuits connected to the first cathode signal output are in an arithmetic progression in order of increasing row number of the M rows of signal readout circuits;
the reciprocal of the weighted resistance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end is in an arithmetic progression according to the sequence of increasing row serial numbers of the N row signal reading circuits.
4. The detector signal readout circuit of claim 1, wherein the inputs of the two sub-circuits of the signal readout circuit are connected together as the input of the signal readout circuit, and a weighting capacitor is provided between the input and the output of each sub-circuit of the signal readout circuit;
the weighted capacitance values of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end sequentially increase or decrease according to the increasing sequence of the row sequence numbers of the M signal readout circuits, and the weighted capacitance values of the M sub-circuits connected with the second cathode signal output end and the weighted capacitance values of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end are set in a reverse sequence according to the increasing sequence of the row sequence numbers of the M signal readout circuits;
the weighted capacitance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end sequentially increase or decrease according to the sequence of increasing the column serial numbers of the N columns of signal reading circuits, and the weighted capacitance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the second anode signal output end and the weighted capacitance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are set in a reverse sequence according to the sequence of increasing the column serial numbers of the N columns of signal reading circuits.
5. The detector signal readout circuit of claim 4 wherein the weighted capacitance values of the M subcircuits connected to the first cathode signal output are in an arithmetic progression according to the order of increasing row number of the M rows of signal readout circuits;
the weighted capacitance values of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are in an arithmetic progression according to the increasing sequence of the sequence numbers of the N columns of signal reading circuits.
6. A detector signal readout circuit according to any of claims 1-5, wherein a filter capacitor connected to ground is connected between the common cathode and the isolation resistors of each row.
7. A PET detector comprising a detector signal readout circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A signal processing method applied to a detector signal readout circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or a PET detector according to claim 7, the signal processing method comprising:
when the SiPM array of the detector signal readout circuit works in a Geiger mode, the SiPM pixels of each row in the SiPM array output cathode signals of the SiPM pixels to row common connection ends of the row, and simultaneously the SiPM pixels of each column output anode signals of the SiPM pixels to column common connection ends of the column;
the signal readout circuit of each row filters out an alternating-current cathode signal from the cathode signals output by the row common connection end, and the signal readout circuit of each column filters out an alternating-current anode signal from the anode signals output by the column common connection end;
the signal readout circuits in M rows perform weighted summation processing on the filtered cathode signals to obtain first cathode signals X1 output from the first cathode signal output terminal and second cathode signals X2 output from the second cathode signal output terminal, and the signal readout circuits in N columns perform weighted summation processing on the filtered anode signals to obtain first anode signals Y1 output from the first anode signal output terminal and second anode signals Y2 output from the second anode signal output terminal.
9. The signal processing method according to claim 8, wherein if the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first cathode signal output terminal sequentially increase according to the increasing order of the row numbers of the M-row signal readout circuits, and the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected to the first anode signal output terminal sequentially increase according to the increasing order of the column numbers of the N-column signal readout circuits, the position of the scintillation crystal at which an event occurs in the SiPM array is calculated according to the following formula, wherein an event is called an event when a ray interacts with the scintillation crystal;
wherein the origin of the coordinate system is the SiPM pixels in the first row and the first column of the SiPM array; the direction of an x axis is the direction of increasing the weight coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end, the direction of a y axis is the direction of increasing the weight coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end, the x is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the x axis of the coordinate system, and the y is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the y axis of the coordinate system;
if the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end are sequentially reduced according to the sequence of increasing the row serial numbers of the M-row signal reading circuits, and the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are sequentially increased according to the sequence of increasing the column serial numbers of the N-column signal reading circuits, calculating the position of the scintillation crystal with an event in the SiPM array according to the following formula, wherein the event is called as an event when a ray interacts with the scintillation crystal;
wherein, the origin of the coordinate system is the SiPM pixel of the Mth row and the first row in the SiPM array; the direction of an x axis is the direction of increasing the weight coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end, the direction of a y axis is the direction of increasing the weight coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end, the x is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the x axis of the coordinate system, and the y is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the y axis of the coordinate system;
if the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end sequentially increase according to the increasing sequence of the row serial numbers of the M-row signal reading circuits, and the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end sequentially decrease according to the increasing sequence of the column serial numbers of the N-column signal reading circuits, calculating the position of the scintillation crystal with an event in the SiPM array according to the following formula, wherein the interaction between a ray and the scintillation crystal is called an event;
wherein, the origin of the coordinate system is the SiPM pixel of the first row and the Nth column in the SiPM array; the direction of an x axis is the direction of increasing the weight coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end, the direction of a y axis is the direction of increasing the weight coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end, the x is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the x axis of the coordinate system, and the y is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the y axis of the coordinate system;
if the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end are sequentially reduced according to the sequence of increasing the row serial numbers of the M row signal reading circuits, and the weight coefficients of the sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end are sequentially reduced according to the sequence of increasing the column serial numbers of the N column signal reading circuits, calculating the position of the scintillation crystal with an event in the SiPM array according to the following formula, wherein the event is called as an event when a ray interacts with the scintillation crystal;
wherein, the origin of the coordinate system is the SiPM pixel of the Mth row and the Nth column in the SiPM array; the direction of an x axis is the direction of increasing the weight coefficients of the M sub-circuits connected with the first cathode signal output end, the direction of a y axis is the direction of increasing the weight coefficients of the N sub-circuits connected with the first anode signal output end, the x is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the x axis of the coordinate system, and the y is the coordinate of the scintillation crystal with the event on the y axis of the coordinate system.
10. The signal processing method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the energy E generated by the detector signal readout circuit due to the interaction of the radiation with the scintillation crystal is expressed as: e ═ EX1+ EX2+ EY1+ EY2, where EX1 is the energy of signal X1, EX2 is the energy of signal X2, EY1 is the energy of signal Y1, and EY2 is the energy of signal Y2.
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