CN109596806B - Combined device for anaerobic incubation of sediments - Google Patents
Combined device for anaerobic incubation of sediments Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined device for anaerobic incubation of sediments, which relates to the field of sediment in-situ experiments and comprises an anaerobic box, an incubator and a peristaltic pump; the peristaltic pump and the incubator are both arranged in the anaerobic tank; the peristaltic pump is communicated with the incubator through a pipeline, and a plurality of three-way valves are arranged on the pipeline; the incubator comprises a sample chamber, a sample chamber cover, an input channel and an output channel; the sample chamber is of a hollow structure; the upper end and the lower end of the sample chamber are sealed through a sample chamber cover, soil core sediments are filled in the sample chamber, a central hole is formed in the center of the sample chamber cover, and the central hole in the sample chamber cover is communicated with the output channel and the input channel. The whole experimental process of the device is carried out in a highly anaerobic environment, so that unidirectional injection-reaction-output can be completed, a cyclic reciprocating reaction can be completed, and the device can be operated at regular time according to experimental requirements, thereby realizing semi-automation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sediment in-situ experiments, in particular to a combined device for anaerobic incubation of sediments.
Background
The wetland ecosystem is a key ecological area for global material circulation and energy flow, the research and protection of the wetland ecosystem are more and more concerned at present, and Sediments (segments) are a substrate for supporting the wetland ecosystem, have anaerobic characteristics and are the biggest difference from a land soil ecosystem. However, the research on the sediments in the wetland ecosystem has a problem that the original physicochemical and biological characteristics of the sediments are changed by artificial disturbance in the traditional soil pillar sampling and experimental research process, for example, photolysis or photosensitive reaction of substances caused by illumination, oxidation of elements and death of anaerobic microorganisms caused by oxygen permeation, so that finally measured data is greatly different from the actual situation.
The existing sediment sampler and experimental device can not realize anaerobic and photophobic operation, or can not layer the sediment under the anaerobic and photophobic conditions to obtain sediment samples with different depths. For example, the traditional spiral sampler or soil auger can not prevent oxygen in the air from largely permeating into the sediment.
Aiming at the problems, the invention introduces a combined device for anaerobic incubation of sediments, which is matched with a special sampler and a special incubator to simultaneously meet the requirements of maximizing anaerobic property of sediments, avoiding light and collecting sediments at different depths in a layering way, and simultaneously creates an anaerobic characteristic infinitely close to the original sedimentation environment when measuring the reduction characteristic of sediments.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the conventional sampling and reduction property experiment determination process of wetland sediments cannot be fully anaerobic, light-resistant and accurately layered simultaneously, the invention provides a combined device for anaerobic incubation of sediments.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a composite set for anaerobic incubation of sediments comprises an anaerobic tank, an incubator and a peristaltic pump; the peristaltic pump and the incubator are both arranged in the anaerobic tank; the peristaltic pump is communicated with the incubator through a pipeline, and a plurality of three-way valves are arranged on the pipeline; the incubator comprises a sample chamber, a sample chamber cover, an input channel and an output channel; the sample chamber is of a hollow structure; the upper end and the lower end of the sample chamber are sealed through a sample chamber cover, soil core sediment is filled in the sample chamber, a central hole is formed in the center of the sample chamber cover, and the central hole in the sample chamber cover is communicated with the output channel and the input channel.
Further, the soil core sediment is collected through a layering collector.
Furthermore, the layering collector comprises a handrail and a column knife cylinder; one end of the handrail rod is arranged at the upper end of the post cutter cylinder, and the other end of the handrail rod is vertical to the post cutter cylinder and extends towards the opposite direction of the post cutter cylinder; the side door of the column knife is arranged on the column knife cylinder, the inside of the column knife cylinder is of a hollow structure, and a plurality of sample chambers are arranged in the hollow structure of the column knife cylinder when sediments are collected.
Furthermore, a catalytic oxygen scavenger is arranged in the anaerobic tank.
Furthermore, a filter membrane is arranged between the incubator and the three-way valve.
Further, the aperture of the filter membrane is 0.45um.
Further, the supply liquid enters the pipeline through a three-way valve.
Further, a three-way valve is in communication with the syringe pump via a conduit.
Further, an outlet at one side of the three-way valve is connected with a fraction collector through a pipeline.
Has the beneficial effects that:
1. the combined device ensures that artificial disturbance, oxygen infiltration and illumination are minimized in the sampling process by matching with the layered collector and the incubator.
2. Factors such as anaerobic microorganisms and easily-oxidized elements in the sample are ensured to be highly consistent with the original environment, meanwhile, the minimization of artificial disturbance is ensured, and the possibility of indoor operation of the sediment in-situ anaerobic experiment is provided.
3. The filter membrane filters out particles, and meanwhile, the pressure stability of the peristaltic pump can be ensured.
4. The invention provides a combined device for anaerobic incubation of sediments, which adopts a layering collector and an incubator to realize maximized anaerobic, light-proof and accurate layering from sampling to separation storage and subsequent experiments, so that the indexes for measuring the sediments are infinitely close to the original environmental conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a sediment anaerobic incubation circulating device;
FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of the incubator;
FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of the sample chamber lid of FIG. 2A;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a layered collector;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the difference in concentration of sulfate between input and output at steady state in the examples.
The reference numbers are as follows:
1-an incubator; 2-a filter membrane; 3-a fraction collector; 4-make-up fluid; 5-a three-way valve; 6-a syringe pump; 7-an anaerobic tank; 8-a peristaltic pump; 9-catalytic oxygen scavengers; 10-sample chamber lid; 11-a sample chamber; 12-a soil core deposit; 13-an output channel; 14-an input channel; 15-hand rail; 16-a post cutter cylinder; 17-post knife side door; 18-deposition; 19-sample chamber filled with sediment.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
a sediment anaerobic incubation combination device comprises an anaerobic tank 7, an incubator 1 and a peristaltic pump 8; the peristaltic pump 8 and the incubator 1 are both arranged in the anaerobic tank 7; the peristaltic pump 8 is communicated with the incubator 1 through a pipeline, and a plurality of three-way valves 5 are arranged on the pipeline; the incubator 1 comprises a sample chamber 11, a sample chamber cover 10, an input channel 14 and an output channel 13; the sample chamber 11 is of a hollow structure; the upper end and the lower end of a sample chamber 11 are sealed through a sample chamber cover 10, soil core sediments 12 are filled in the sample chamber 11, a central hole is formed in the center of the sample chamber cover 10, and the central hole in the sample chamber cover 10 is communicated with an output channel 13 and an input channel 14. The device is through adopting layering collector and incubator for from the sampling to separation save and subsequent experiment all accomplish maximize anaerobism, light-resistant and accurate layering, make the index of survey deposit infinitely approximate with original environmental condition.
With reference to the attached drawing 1, the device mainly comprises an anaerobic tank 7, a catalytic deoxidant 9, an injection pump 6, a three-way valve 5, a peristaltic pump 8, an incubator 1 and a fraction collector 3, wherein the anaerobic tank 7 is used for providing a closed anaerobic space, and the catalytic deoxidant 9 is used for removing residual oxygen in the anaerobic tank 7 to ensure maximum anaerobic; an injection pump 6 and a three-way valve 5 are provided for injecting or supplementing the required solvent or leaching liquor into the circulation system; the injection time, the injection times and the injection dosage can be set according to the experiment requirements; the peristaltic pump 8 is used for providing liquid circulation power in the circulation system, the incubator 1 is used for storing and incubating collected sediments, and the solvent enters from the input channel 14 of the incubator 1 and is output from the output channel 13 after reacting with the sediments. The fraction collector 3 is used for receiving the output solution in a timed and quantitative mode, and then indexes in the output solution are measured. The whole experimental process is carried out in a highly oxygen-free environment. The device can complete unidirectional injection, reaction and output and can complete the reaction of circular reciprocation. The composite set can realize semi-automatization, need not to keep watch on continuously, can according to the experiment demand regularly operation. And a high anaerobic state is achieved in the anaerobic box 7, the peristaltic pump 8 is used as a power source, the injection liquid leaching liquor of the injection pump 6 is used as a reagent source, and the injection liquid leaching liquor enters the incubator for full reaction and then is used for collecting samples to be measured by the fraction collector 3, so that semi-automation is realized. In addition, the combination device can meet the sampling requirements of different depths in sediments by matching with a special layered collector (figure 3) and an incubator. The invention solves the problem of change of the original oxidation-reduction state of the sediment caused by air infiltration in the experimental process, and provides the possibility, new method and new thought of indoor operation of the sediment in-situ anaerobic experiment while ensuring the minimization of artificial disturbance.
With reference to fig. 2A and 2B, when the experiment relates to metal measurement, the incubator 1 is composed of opaque organic glass cylinders with different heights or the same height, or when the experiment does not relate to metal measurement, the incubator 1 is composed of 304 stainless steel copper with different heights or the same height, namely the sample chamber 11, and the arrangement of different heights or the same height can achieve the purpose of layering; the purpose of avoiding light can be achieved by using light-tight organic glass or 304 stainless steel as the material of the sample chamber. The sample chamber cover has a sealing ring that completely fits the sample chamber to seal it from air (see FIG. 2B). In the experiment process, each sample chamber is quickly divided and immediately sealed by a sample chamber cover, a filter membrane is attached in the cover, and meanwhile, the sealing of the outer openings of an output channel 13 and an input channel 14 at the central hole of the sample chamber cover 10 is noticed. The sample chamber lid 10 contains a 1mm diameter channel inside, leading to the sample chamber lid central bore. The sample chamber cover 10 has radial grooves (fig. 2B) on its inner side, which function to promote the uniform dispersion of the input solution on the surface of the deposit, and a filter membrane can be added on the surface of the deposit to ensure the complete contact and reaction between the deposit and the solvent. Can meet the requirements of extracting sediment pore water under anaerobic conditions, or extracting elements with different forms by using different solvents and measuring the reduction rate of the elements and the reduction characteristics of the sediment.
With reference to fig. 3, the layered collector comprises a handrail 15 and a cylindrical cutter body 16; one end of the handrail 15 is installed at the upper end of the post knife column 16, and the other end of the handrail is perpendicular to the post knife column 16 and extends towards the opposite direction of the post knife column 16; the side door 17 of the column knife is arranged on the column knife cylinder 16, the interior of the column knife cylinder 16 is of a hollow structure, and when sediments are collected, a plurality of sample chambers 11 are arranged in the hollow structure of the column knife cylinder 16. According to the following sampling steps, excessive artificial disturbance and excessive air and illumination contact are avoided in the early stage of the experiment: firstly, opening the side door 17 of the column knife, putting an empty sample chamber 11 into the column body to ensure that the column body is filled with the sample chamber 11, and closing the side door 17 of the column knife; then, the device is placed on the surface of the sediment, and the hand holding rod 15 is slightly pressed and rotated by hand to cut off the sediment outside the cylinder body and reduce the compression of the sediment inside the cylinder body as much as possible; then according to the scale of the column, after the column knife reaches the expected position, slightly shaking the hand-hold rod 15 by 360 degrees to separate the column knife column body 16 from the external sediment so as to reduce the resistance and slightly lift the column knife column body; and finally, opening the side door 17 of the column knife to see a sample chamber filled with sediments, quickly cutting, separating, taking out and sealing the single sample chamber to be tested.
Examples
Determination of sulfate reduction Rate
In coastal sediments rich in organic matters, oxygen is mainly consumed in a few centimeters on the surface layer, and dissimilatory sulfate reduction is a main way for organic matter oxidation. Sulfate microorganisms are considered by in situ or laboratory studies to be important mediators of mercury methylation. Therefore, quantitative knowledge of the kinetics of microbial sulfate reduction affects the scientific prophetic problem of pollutant transport to global changes.
In this contextExperiments show that the hatching device directly measures R in the natural sediment group m And Ks kinetic parameters (fig. 1), kinetic information on the sulfate reduction rate in the deposit was obtained. The kinetic data obtained help to explain in a more systematic way the large sulfate reduction rates measured in the deposit.
In the sulfate reduction test, the recirculation system (fig. 1) reached three consecutive steady states by varying the input flow rate. Each flow rate was maintained until the output sulfate concentration reached a constant value. Fig. 4 plots the steady state concentration difference in sulfate between the input solution and the output stream, as opposed to the inverse of the input flow rate. It can be seen that the data points are very close to a straight line passing through the origin. If the sulfate reduction rate in the deposit remains stable at 3 different flow rates, then this is from the formula R = [ (C) out -C 0 )Q]The expected relationship obtained in/V. This means that the sulfate reduction rate is essentially independent of the soluble sulfate concentration within the experimental range. Assuming that soluble sulfate is associated with zero order kinetics, a microbial sulfate reduction rate of 38. Mu. Mol/cm can be obtained 3 Fresh-like sediment/year. By Monod expression R = -R m C/(K s + C), the rate of sulphate respiration is significantly greater at sulphate concentrations than the half-saturation concentration K s Near zero order kinetics. The results of the salt marsh sediment study thus show K s <1mM. When the rate data is plotted as a bi-reciprocal plot, a linear dependence can be observed from which K can be derived s And R m The values are 240. + -. 20. Mu.M and 46. + -. 2. Mu. Mol/cm, respectively 3 Fresh weight of sediment/year. Comparison of the Monod and zero order kinetics shows that the data fitted to both rate models is equally well (fig. 4). Thus, K is shown here s Can be considered as the maximum estimate. In the test, the zero-level speed and the maximum speed of the salt marsh wetland are measured and reduced to be within the range of the reduction rate of the sulfate by 15-370 mu mol/cm 3 (fresh deposit)/a.
In FIG. 4, the solid line represents the zeroth order kinetics and the dashed line represents the Moruode kinetics. The hatching assembly shown is well suited to obtain this kinetic information, the kinetic data obtained helping to explain in a more systematic way the large sulfate reduction rate measured in the sediment. Furthermore, the field of application of this hatching apparatus is very extensive from the indoor simulation of elucidating the natural chemical transformations caused by the activity of interacting microbial populations to bioremediation methods and toxic effects to the use as a test of the time response of natural microbial communities to different interstitial solution compositions or temperatures. The data fit results in two straight lines that almost pass through the origin. Comparison of the mohnode and zero order kinetics in the figures shows that two good models of sulfate reduction rates are formed after fitting.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A sediment anaerobic incubation combination device, which is characterized by comprising an anaerobic tank (7), an incubator (1) and a peristaltic pump (8); the peristaltic pump (8) and the incubator (1) are both arranged in the anaerobic tank (7); the peristaltic pump (8) is communicated with the incubator (1) through a pipeline, and a plurality of three-way valves (5) are arranged on the pipeline; the incubator (1) comprises a sample chamber (11), a sample chamber cover (10), an input channel (14) and an output channel (13); the sample chamber (11) is of a hollow structure; the upper end and the lower end of a sample chamber (11) are sealed through a sample chamber cover (10), soil core sediments (12) are filled in the sample chamber (11), a central hole is formed in the center of the sample chamber cover (10), and the central hole in the sample chamber cover (10) is communicated with an output channel (13) and an input channel (14); the soil core sediment (12) is collected through a layering collector, and the layering collector comprises a handrail (15) and a cylindrical cutter cylinder (16); one end of the handrail rod (15) is arranged at the upper end of the column knife cylinder (16), and the other end of the handrail rod is vertical to the column knife cylinder (16) and extends towards the opposite direction of the column knife cylinder (16); the side door (17) of the column knife is arranged on the column knife cylinder (16), the interior of the column knife cylinder (16) is of a hollow structure, and a plurality of sample chambers (11) are arranged in the hollow structure of the column knife cylinder (16) when sediments are collected;
when the device is used, the side door (17) of the column knife is opened, an empty sample chamber (11) is placed in the column body, the column body is ensured to be filled with the sample chamber, and the side door (17) of the column knife is closed; then, the device is placed on the surface of the sediment, and the hand lightly presses and rotates the hand holding rod (15) to cut off the sediment outside the cylinder body and reduce the compression of the sediment inside the cylinder body as much as possible; then according to the scale of the cylinder, after the cylindrical knife reaches the expected position, slightly shaking the hand-hold rod (15) for 360 degrees to separate the cylindrical knife cylinder (16) from the external sediment so as to reduce the resistance and slightly lift the cylindrical knife; and finally, opening a side door (17) of the column knife to see a sample chamber filled with the sediment, and quickly cutting, separating, taking out and sealing the single sample chamber to be tested.
2. Combined device for the anaerobic incubation of sediments according to claim 1, characterised in that a catalytic oxygen scavenger (9) is placed in said anaerobic tank (7).
3. Combination for sediment anaerobic incubation according to claim 1, characterized in that a filter membrane (2) is arranged between the incubator (1) and the three-way valve (5).
4. A combination for anaerobic incubation of sediments according to claim 3, wherein said filter membrane (2) has a pore size of 0.45um.
5. Combined installation for the anaerobic incubation of sediments according to claim 1, wherein the make-up fluid (4) enters the duct through a three-way valve (5).
6. Combined device for the anaerobic incubation of sediments according to claim 5, characterised in that the three-way valve (5) communicates with the injection pump (6) through a pipe.
7. A combination for anaerobic incubation of sediments according to claim 3, wherein the outlet of one side of said three-way valve (5) is connected by means of a pipe to a fraction collector (3).
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2018
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Patent Citations (9)
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| CN2645073Y (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2004-09-29 | 浙江大学 | Layered sample collector for shallow water body deposit |
| CN101464447A (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-24 | 烟台海岸带可持续发展研究所 | Multifunctional laboratory box |
| CN101441207A (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2009-05-27 | 浙江大学 | Integrated apparatus for researching sediment sampling and laminated gradient |
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