CN109596211B

CN109596211B - Automobile wind noise cavity noise testing method

Info

Publication number: CN109596211B
Application number: CN201811597828.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘华; 杨亮; 万玉平; 杨健国; 姜豪; 赖万虎; 董国旭; 张玉伦
Original assignee: Chongqing Changan Automobile Co Ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Changan Automobile Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-12-26
Filing date: 2018-12-26
Publication date: 2020-10-16
Anticipated expiration: 2038-12-26
Also published as: CN109596211A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for testing the noise of an automobile wind noise cavity, which is characterized in that an adhesive tape is pasted inside and outside the automobile at the same time, and then under a specific test working condition, the sound pressure level SPL1 and the language definition AI1 at the right ear of a driver are firstly measured; then, removing the outer seal of the automobile, and testing the sound pressure level SPL2 and the language definition AI2 at the right ear of the driver under a specific working condition; and (3) subtracting SPL1 and AI1 from SPL2 and AI2 to obtain Δ SPL1 and Δ AI1, wherein the sizes of Δ SPL1 and Δ AI1 can be used for evaluating the level of the noise of the wind noise cavity of the vehicle. The invention can accurately test the wind noise cavity noise, engineers can evaluate the cavity noise level generated between the automobile door and the automobile body, quickly lock the wind noise weakness, pointedly optimize the whole automobile wind noise level, avoid blindly searching a wind noise promotion scheme, reduce the research and development cost and improve the wind noise development efficiency.

Description

Automobile wind noise cavity noise testing method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technology of automobile noise control, and particularly relates to research on automobile noise control.

Background

With the development of the automobile industry, the requirements of consumers on the automobile performance are higher and higher at present, especially the performances of the automobile in aspects of operation, noise, oil consumption, smell and the like. Automobile noise has recently received attention from various major host plants as a key performance of consumer interest. The automobile noise covers various aspects such as wind noise generated when the automobile runs at a high speed, engine noise generated when the automobile runs at an accelerated speed, tire noise generated when the automobile runs at a low speed, and the like, wherein the wind noise generated when the automobile runs at a high speed is the key point of development and control of the automobile noise. The quiet driving environment can be built to good car wind noise performance, the tired sense of long-distance navigating mate can be effectively reduced, clear conversation between passenger cabin passenger also can be guaranteed simultaneously, the experience of driving is optimized, the market competitiveness of car product is improved.

At present, after all domestic large host plants are aware of the importance of wind noise performance, a great amount of manpower and material resources are invested to develop the wind noise performance. The wind noise development method and means appear like spring shoots after rain, and the common method is wind noise data obtained by testing a microphone sensor in a vehicle. Few engineers in the industry recognize the nuances of wind noise leakage noise and wind noise cavity noise, and in fact the leakage noise value reflects only the sealing performance of the weatherstrip and not the cavity noise level generated by the cavity between the door and the body. If the existing method is adopted to measure the noise data difference, an engineer cannot know whether the cavity noise difference or the leakage noise difference exists or the pneumatic noise is not well controlled, and certainly, the problem cannot be accurately diagnosed, so that a reasonable optimization scheme can be made.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the method for testing the wind noise cavity noise of the automobile, which can accurately test the wind noise cavity noise generated by high-speed running of the automobile, is convenient for a wind noise development engineer to independently evaluate the cavity noise level generated between the automobile door and the automobile body, quickly locks the wind noise weakness and improves the wind noise development efficiency.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a method for testing the noise of an automobile wind noise cavity comprises the following steps:

1. vehicle test state preparation: closing the vehicle door window of the test vehicle, sealing gaps between the vehicle door and the vehicle body and between the front vehicle door and the rear vehicle door at the outer side of the vehicle, and sealing linear sections of the sealing strip, the inner clamping strip and the glass groove at the inner side of the vehicle;

2. sensor arrangement: arranging a microphone at a position corresponding to the right of the driver;

3. and (3) testing environmental conditions: the test is carried out in a wind tunnel, the test environment temperature is 25 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 58-63%, the atmospheric pressure is 101.4-101.8KPa, and the test background noise is less than 61dB (A) @160 Km/h;

4. test data: the vehicle is circulated in the process of opening, and the sound pressure level SPL1 and the language definition AI1 of the right ear of the driver are respectively tested under the working conditions of 80kph wind speed &0 deviation angle, 100kph wind speed &0 deviation angle and 120kph wind speed &0 deviation angle; then, the sealing outside the vehicle is removed, and the sound pressure level SPL2 and the language definition AI2 of the right ear of the driver are tested under the working conditions of 80kph wind speed &0 deviation angle, 100kph wind speed &0 deviation angle and 120kph wind speed &0 deviation angle;

5. leakage noise separation calculation: and (3) subtracting SPL1 and AI1 from SPL2 and AI2 to obtain Δ SPL1 and Δ AI1, wherein the sizes of Δ SPL1 and Δ AI1 can be used for evaluating the level of the noise of the wind noise cavity of the vehicle.

Furthermore, the seal of the invention adopts a tesa cloth-based adhesive tape for sealing, the adhesive tape is adhered along with the shape, and the phenomena of folds or bubbles and gaps and holes which can not be sealed in place and can be seen by naked eyes cannot occur.

Further, during testing, the test vehicle is positioned at a position slightly in front of the center of the wind tunnel balance turntable, and the included angle between the longitudinal symmetric plane of the vehicle body and the central symmetric plane of the wind tunnel is adjusted to be within the range of 0 +/-0.1 degree.

Different from the prior method, the invention simultaneously pastes the adhesive tapes inside and outside the vehicle, firstly measures the sound pressure level SPL1 and the language definition AI1 at the right ear of the driver, then removes the seal outside the vehicle, and then tests the sound pressure level SPL2 and the language definition AI 2. The wind noise cavity noise can be accurately separated by subtracting the two, an engineer can evaluate the cavity noise level generated between the automobile door and the automobile body, the wind noise weakness can be quickly locked, and the whole automobile wind noise level can be pertinently optimized. The method avoids blindly searching the wind noise improvement scheme, saves the project research and development cost, and improves the project research and development efficiency. Moreover, after the wind noise cavity noise test data are accumulated to a certain degree, a subsystem target of the wind noise development cavity noise is set by a host factory, a wind noise development target system is perfected, and the wind noise development technical capability is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the sealing of a gap on the outside of a vehicle by an adhesive tape

Wherein 1: gap between door and body 2: gap between front door and rear door

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the sealing of the inner tape of the vehicle

Wherein 3: seal strip linear section 4: inner gib linear section 5: linear section 6 of glass groove: vehicle a-pillar 7: vehicle B column

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement position of the inner and outer side tapes on the cross section of the vehicle B-pillar (section a-a in FIG. 1)

Wherein 2: gap (tape) between front door and rear door 3: seal linear segment (taping) 8: the front door 9: the rear door 10: b-pillar interior trimming panel

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement position of microphones

Wherein 11: seat back 12: the microphone 13: seat headrest

FIG. 5 shows the sound pressure level test results under the working conditions of 120kph wind speed and 0 degree deflection angle

Wherein A: sound pressure level of inside and outside full seal test SPL 1B: sound pressure level SPL2 for vehicle body surface tapeout test

FIG. 6 shows the speech intelligibility test results under the working conditions of 120kph wind speed and 0 degree deflection angle

Wherein C: language intelligibility AI 1D of the vehicle inside and outside full-seal test: speech intelligibility AI2 of tape-out test of vehicle body surface

Detailed Description

In order to further explain the above objects, structural features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention provides a method for testing the wind noise cavity sound of an automobile, which comprises the following specific implementation modes:

1. vehicle test state preparation:

1) and (5) checking the integrity of the internal and external decoration parts of the vehicle, and carrying out the next step with complete parts and good state.

2) And (4) circulating the four doors of the test vehicle in a lifting mode, a closing mode and an opening mode. As shown in fig. 1, the gaps between the doors and the vehicle body and between the front door and the rear door were sealed with tesa fabric tape outside the vehicle. Note that the thickness of the adhesive tape is not more than 350 microns, the adhesive tape is adhered along with the shape, and no wrinkles or bubbles can be generated, otherwise, the test effect is influenced. As shown in fig. 2, the car inner side is sealed with the tesa cloth-based adhesive tape for the sealing strip, the inner holding strip and the linear section of the glass groove, and there cannot be gaps or holes which are not sealed in place and are visible to the naked eye. For convenience of understanding, the arrangement position of the inner and outer side tapes of the vehicle can be understood in detail with reference to fig. 3.

3) The test vehicle is positioned at the position slightly in front of the center of the wind tunnel balance turntable, and the included angle between the longitudinal symmetric plane of the vehicle body and the central symmetric plane of the wind tunnel is adjusted to be within the range of 0 +/-0.1 degree.

4) The parking brake of the test vehicle is used for fixing, and extra braking force needs to be provided by a gearbox of the vehicle (a manual gearbox is used for placing a first gear, and an automatic gearbox is used for placing a P gear).

2. Sensor arrangement:

1) after the vehicle test state is set, as shown in fig. 4, the angle between the back of the driver seat and the vertical line is adjusted to 24 degrees, and a free-field microphone is arranged at the position (the position of the right ear of the driver) which is 10cm +/-1 cm away from the surface of the headrest of the seat and is at the same height as the center position of the headrest of the seat, and the microphone points to the front of the vehicle.

2) The microphone should comply with the class 1 instrumentation requirements specified in GB/T3785. The calibration is carried out according to the specification before the test, the calibration value of two times is not more than 1dB (A), and the accuracy of the calibrator is better than or equal to +/-0.5 dB (A).

3. Testing environmental condition requirements:

the test is carried out in a wind tunnel, the ambient temperature is 25 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 58-63 percent, the atmospheric pressure is 101.4-101.8KPa, and the background noise of the test is less than 61dB (A) @160 Km/h.

4. Test data:

1) the test was performed with a sampling frequency set to 25600Hz and a sampling time set to 10 s.

2) Under the condition that the inner and outer side adhesive tapes of the vehicle are simultaneously sealed, respectively testing the sound pressure level SPL1 and the language definition AI1 at the right ear of the driver under the working conditions of 80kph wind speed &0 degree deflection angle, 100kph wind speed &0 degree deflection angle and 120kph wind speed &0 degree deflection angle;

3) tearing off an outer side adhesive tape, and testing the sound pressure level SPL2 and the language definition AI2 at the right ear of the driver under the working conditions of 80kph wind speed &0 deviation angle, 100kph wind speed &0 deviation angle and 120kph wind speed &0 deviation angle;

5. calculating cavity noise:

1) the noise analysis bandwidth is 12800Hz, and the frequency resolution is 2 Hz. And (4) calculating the sound pressure level by taking A weight, and calculating the language definition according to an ExtendedAI/Open AI calculation rule.

2) The SPL2 and AI2 are respectively subtracted from the SPL1 and AI1 to obtain Δ SPL1 and Δ AI1, and the sizes of Δ SPL1 and Δ AI1 can be used for evaluating the level of the cavity noise of the wind noise of the vehicle. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the test results of the sound pressure level SPL and the speech intelligibility AI of the right ear of the driver in the two test states of sealing the vehicle inner and outer tapes and tearing off the vehicle outer tape are shown for the working condition of 120kph wind speed &0 degree deflection angle.

Taking a certain vehicle model test data as an example, the wind noise cavity noise calculation result is as follows:

table 1: wind noise cavity noise sound pressure level SPL calculation result of certain vehicle type

	80kph&0deg	100kph&0deg	120kph&0deg
				Vehicle inside and outside tape simultaneous sealing SPL1	50.2dB(A)	55.5dB(A)	59.6dB(A)
Vehicle outboard tape tear SPL2	52.0dB(A)	57.2dB(A)	61.4dB(A)
				Wind noise cavity noise △ SPL1	1.8dB(A)	1.7dB(A)	1.8dB(A)

Table 2: AI calculation result of speech intelligibility of wind noise cavity noise of certain vehicle model

	80kph&0deg	100kph&0deg	120kph&0deg
				Vehicle inside and outside tape simultaneous sealing SPL1	117AI％	96AI％	81AI％
Vehicle outboard tape tear SPL2	114AI％	94AI％	79AI％
				Wind noise cavity noise △ SPL1	3AI％	2AI％	2AI％

According to the invention, a large amount of data tests can be carried out to summarize the rule, the sound pressure level of cavity noise under each wind speed is generally controlled within 2dBA, and the language definition is controlled within 3AI percent to be regarded as good level. According to the vehicle model test data, the fact that the cavity noise level of the test vehicle is good can be analyzed, and the cavity noise is not a key optimization lifting object. The conclusion greatly improves the efficiency of searching problems for engineers and saves the cost of project research and development.

Claims

1. A method for testing the noise of an automobile wind noise cavity is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) vehicle test state preparation: closing the vehicle door window of the test vehicle, sealing gaps between the vehicle door and the vehicle body and between the front vehicle door and the rear vehicle door at the outer side of the vehicle, and sealing linear sections of the sealing strip, the inner clamping strip and the glass groove at the inner side of the vehicle;

(2) sensor arrangement: arranging a microphone at a position corresponding to the right of the driver;

(3) and (3) testing environmental conditions: the test is carried out in a wind tunnel, the test environment temperature is 25 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 58-63%, the atmospheric pressure is 101.4-101.8KPa, and the test background noise is less than 61dB (A) @160 Km/h;

(4) test data: the vehicle is circulated in the process of opening, and the sound pressure level SPL1 and the language definition AI1 of the right ear of the driver are respectively tested under the working conditions of 80kph wind speed &0 deviation angle, 100kph wind speed &0 deviation angle and 120kph wind speed &0 deviation angle; then, the sealing outside the vehicle is removed, and the sound pressure level SPL2 and the language definition AI2 of the right ear of the driver are tested under the working conditions of 80kph wind speed &0 deviation angle, 100kph wind speed &0 deviation angle and 120kph wind speed &0 deviation angle;

(5) leakage noise separation calculation: and (3) subtracting SPL1 and AI1 from SPL2 and AI2 to obtain Δ SPL1 and Δ AI1, wherein the sizes of Δ SPL1 and Δ AI1 can be used for evaluating the level of the noise of the wind noise cavity of the vehicle.

2. The method for testing the cavity noise of the wind noise of the automobile according to claim 1, wherein the sealing is performed by a tesa cloth-based adhesive tape, the adhesive tape is adhered along with the shape, and cannot have wrinkles or bubbles, and cannot have gaps or holes which are not sealed in place and can be seen by naked eyes.

3. The method for testing the cavity noise of the automobile wind noise according to claim 1, wherein during testing, a test vehicle is positioned at a position slightly in front of the center of the wind tunnel balance turntable, and an included angle between a longitudinal symmetric plane of the automobile body and a central symmetric plane of the wind tunnel is adjusted to be within 0 +/-0.1 degrees.

4. The method for testing the wind noise cavity noise of the automobile according to claim 1, wherein during the test, the included angle between the back of the driver seat and the vertical line is adjusted to be 24 degrees, the free-field microphone is arranged at the position which is at the same height with the center position of the seat headrest and is 10cm +/-1 cm away from the surface of the seat headrest on the right ear side of the driver, and the microphone points to the front of the automobile.