CN109592641B - Vinyl-modified hydrogen germanium two-dimensional material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Vinyl-modified hydrogen germanium two-dimensional material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109592641B
CN109592641B CN201710919215.7A CN201710919215A CN109592641B CN 109592641 B CN109592641 B CN 109592641B CN 201710919215 A CN201710919215 A CN 201710919215A CN 109592641 B CN109592641 B CN 109592641B
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封伟
王宇
赵付来
张盼盼
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Tianjin University
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    • C01B6/00Hydrides of metals including fully or partially hydrided metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds ; Compounds containing at least one metal-hydrogen bond, e.g. (GeH3)2S, SiH GeH; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof
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Abstract

The invention provides a vinyl-modified hydrogen germanium two-dimensional material and a preparation method thereof, wherein a high-temperature smelting method is used for preparing calcium di-germanium crystals, then the calcium di-germanium crystals are used as a germanium source to be dispersed in concentrated hydrochloric acid, the calcium di-germanium crystals are rapidly stirred and react at room temperature to obtain hydrogen germanium, and the hydrogen germanium and vinyl magnesium chloride react for 8-24 hours under the voltage of 1.2-2.4V in an inert atmosphere to obtain the vinyl-modified hydrogen germanium two-dimensional material. The method has the advantages of easily obtained reaction raw materials, simple and convenient process, simple process, adjustment of the band gap of the organically modified material, and obvious advantages of material preparation and stability compared with other graphene two-dimensional materials.

Description

Vinyl-modified hydrogen germanium two-dimensional material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to electrochemical organic modification of a two-dimensional hydrogen germanium material, belongs to the technical field of synthesis technology and preparation of organic modified two-dimensional hydrogen germanium materials, and particularly relates to a vinyl modified two-dimensional hydrogen germanium material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The two-dimensional material theoretically has the excellent performances of high sign mobility, large specific surface area, excellent mechanical strength, high light transmittance, good catalytic performance, even linear dispersion relation of a Dirac cone and the like, and has the phenomena of superconductivity, metal-insulator transition, quantum phase transition and the like. The unique properties of the two-dimensional material endow the material with wide application fields, and the material has expected application prospects in specific directions of flexible wearable display screens, light-emitting diodes, field effect transistors, photoelectric detectors, optical modulators, devices for preparing high-efficiency and renewable energy sources, and the like, and in the fields of optics, electrics, catalysis and the like.
Researches find that the covalent modification of the two-dimensional material can not only effectively improve the stability of the material, but also adjust the band gap of the two-dimensional semiconductor material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects in the prior art and provides a vinyl-modified hydrogen germanide two-dimensional material and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The vinyl-modified hydrogen germanium two-dimensional material and the preparation method thereof are carried out according to the following steps:
step 1, under the protection of argon, placing calcium and germanium into a quartz glass tube according to the molar ratio of (1-2) to (2-4) for sealing, placing the quartz glass tube into a tube furnace, heating the quartz glass tube to 900-1100 ℃ at the speed of 4-10 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 12-30h, and slowly cooling the quartz glass tube for 2-5 days at the speed of 0.01-0.5 ℃/min to room temperature of 20-25 ℃ to obtain calcium digermide;
step 2, mixing the calcium digermide prepared in the step 1 with excessive concentrated hydrochloric acid, placing the mixture into a reaction container, stirring the mixture for 7 to 10 days at the temperature of between 10 ℃ below zero and 40 ℃ below zero, filtering, washing and drying the mixture to obtain germanide hydrogen, wherein the drying condition is as follows: vacuum drying at room temperature of 20-25 deg.C for 5-8 hr;
and 3, reacting the hydrogen germanide prepared in the step 2 with vinyl magnesium chloride under the voltage of 1.2-2.4V in an inert atmosphere for 8-24h, wherein the molar ratio of the hydrogen germanide to the vinyl magnesium chloride is (2-4) to (1-2), and thus obtaining the vinyl-modified hydrogen germanide two-dimensional material.
In the step 1, calcium and germanium are placed in a tubular furnace at a molar ratio of 1:2, heated to 950 ℃ and 1050 ℃ and kept for 16-24 h.
In step 1, the temperature is decreased to 840-880 ℃ at a rate of 0.1-0.5 ℃/min, then to 800-840 ℃ at a rate of 0.01-0.03 ℃/min, then to 700-750 ℃ at a rate of 0.1-0.5 ℃/min, and finally to 20-25 ℃ at a rate of 1 ℃/min.
In step 2, drying conditions: vacuum drying at room temperature of 20-25 deg.C for 5-7 hr.
In step 2, the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 35-37% of aqueous hydrogen chloride solution by mass percent, and the amount of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is excessive relative to the amount of the calcium digermide, so that the calcium digermide completely participates in the reaction.
In step 3, the molar ratio of the hydrogen germanide to the vinyl magnesium chloride is (2-4):1, and the hydrogen germanide and the vinyl magnesium chloride are reacted for 10-20h under the voltage of 1.5-2.0V.
In step 3, argon is used as the inert atmosphere.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method and the stability of the material have obvious advantages compared with other graphene-like two-dimensional materials. The reaction raw materials are easy to obtain, the process is simple and convenient, and the process is simple. Compared with the product before modification, the band gap of the material after organic modification is increased, more technical requirements can be met, and the application field of the material is enlarged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the current of a reaction system as a function of reaction time;
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern before and after organic modification of hydrogen germanide;
FIG. 3 is an infrared image of a vinyl-modified hydrogen germanide two-dimensional material prepared in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a vinyl-modified hydrogen germanide two-dimensional material prepared by the invention;
FIG. 5 shows the band gap of the vinyl-modified hydrogen germanide two-dimensional material prepared by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
Weighing 0.2004g of elemental calcium and 0.7264g of elemental germanium in a quartz glass tube under the protection of inert gas argon, carrying out vacuum packaging, placing the quartz glass tube in a tube furnace, heating to 950 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 16h, cooling to 860 ℃ at the speed of 0.3 ℃/min, cooling to 820 ℃ at the speed of 0.02 ℃/min, cooling to 730 ℃ at the speed of 0.3 ℃/min, and finally cooling to 20-25 ℃ at the room temperature at the speed of 1 ℃/min. A sample (0.2000 g) was taken out and treated with 50mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid at-10 ℃ for 7 days with stirring. Repeatedly filtering and washing the reacted solution, and then drying for 6 hours in vacuum at room temperature of 20-25 ℃. Taking out the dried sample, reacting the sample with vinyl magnesium chloride, hydrogen germanide and vinyl magnesium chloride at the molar ratio of 3:1 at room temperature for 10 hours in an inert atmosphere at the voltage of 1.5V.
Example 2
Weighing 0.2004g of elemental calcium and 0.7264g of elemental germanium in a quartz glass tube under the protection of inert gas argon, carrying out vacuum packaging in the quartz glass tube, putting the quartz glass tube in a tube furnace, heating to 1100 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 12h, cooling to 880 ℃ at a speed of 0.5 ℃/min, cooling to 840 ℃ at a speed of 0.03 ℃/min, cooling to 750 ℃ at a speed of 0.5 ℃/min, and finally cooling to room temperature of 20-25 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min. A sample (0.2000 g) was taken out and treated with 50mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid at-20 ℃ for 10 days with stirring. Repeatedly filtering and washing the reacted solution, and then drying the solution for 8 hours in vacuum at room temperature of 20-25 ℃. Taking out the dried sample, reacting the sample with vinyl magnesium chloride, hydrogen germanide and vinyl magnesium chloride at the molar ratio of 2:1 at room temperature for 12 hours under the voltage of 1.8V in an inert atmosphere.
Example 3
Weighing 0.2004g of elemental calcium and 0.7264g of elemental germanium in a quartz glass tube under the protection of inert gas argon, carrying out vacuum packaging, placing the quartz glass tube in a tube furnace, heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min, carrying out heat preservation for 30 hours, cooling to 840 ℃ at a speed of 0.1 ℃/min, cooling to 800 ℃ at a speed of 0.01 ℃/min, cooling to 700 ℃ at a speed of 0.1 ℃/min, and finally cooling to room temperature of 20-25 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min. 0.3000g of the sample was taken out and treated with 70mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid at-30 ℃ for 8 days with stirring. Repeatedly filtering and washing the reacted solution, and then drying the solution for 5 hours in vacuum at room temperature of 20-25 ℃. Taking out the dried sample, reacting the sample with vinyl magnesium chloride, hydrogen germanide and vinyl magnesium chloride at the molar ratio of 3:2 at room temperature for 14h under the voltage of 1.7V in an inert atmosphere.
Example 4
Weighing 0.2004g of elemental calcium and 0.7264g of elemental germanium in a quartz glass tube under the protection of inert gas argon, carrying out vacuum packaging, putting the quartz glass tube in a tube furnace, heating to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 24h, cooling to 860 ℃ at the speed of 0.4 ℃/min, cooling to 830 ℃ at the speed of 0.02 ℃/min, cooling to 710 ℃ at the speed of 0.2 ℃/min, and finally cooling to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min. A sample (0.2000 g) was taken out and treated with 50mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid at-40 ℃ for 8 days with stirring. Repeatedly filtering and washing the reacted solution, and then drying for 7 hours in vacuum at room temperature of 20-25 ℃. Taking out the dried sample, reacting the sample with vinyl magnesium chloride, hydrogen germanide and vinyl magnesium chloride at the molar ratio of 4:1 at room temperature for 15h under the voltage of 1.6V in an inert atmosphere.
Example 5
Weighing 0.2004g of elemental calcium and 0.7264g of elemental germanium in a quartz glass tube under the protection of inert gas argon, carrying out vacuum packaging, putting the quartz glass tube in a tube furnace, heating to 980 ℃ at the speed of 9 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 27h, cooling to 850 ℃ at the speed of 0.4 ℃/min, cooling to 810 ℃ at the speed of 0.01 ℃/min, cooling to 740 ℃ at the speed of 0.2 ℃/min, and finally cooling to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min. A sample (0.2000 g) was taken out and treated with 50mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid at-40 ℃ for 9 days with stirring. Repeatedly filtering and washing the reacted solution, and then drying for 7 hours in vacuum at room temperature of 20-25 ℃. Taking out the dried sample, reacting the sample with vinyl magnesium chloride, hydrogen germanide and vinyl magnesium chloride at the molar ratio of 3:1 at room temperature for 15h under the voltage of 1.8V in an inert atmosphere.
Example 6
Under the protection of inert gas argon, 0.4008g of elemental calcium and 1.4528g of elemental germanium are weighed and packaged in a quartz glass tube in vacuum, the quartz glass tube is placed in a tube furnace, the temperature is increased to 1050 ℃ at the speed of 7 ℃/min and is kept for 16 hours, then the quartz glass tube is cooled to 870 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, then the quartz glass tube is cooled to 820 ℃ at the speed of 0.03 ℃/min, then the quartz glass tube is cooled to 740 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, and finally the quartz glass tube is cooled to 20-25 ℃ at the room temperature at the speed of 1 ℃/min. A sample (0.2000 g) was taken out and treated with 50mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid at-40 ℃ for 10 days with stirring. Repeatedly filtering and washing the reacted solution, and then drying the solution for 5 hours in vacuum at room temperature of 20-25 ℃. Taking out the dried sample, reacting the sample with vinyl magnesium chloride, hydrogen germanide and vinyl magnesium chloride at the molar ratio of 3:2 at room temperature for 20 hours in an inert atmosphere at the voltage of 1.8V.
Example 7
Weighing 0.2004g of elemental calcium and 0.7264g of elemental germanium in a quartz glass tube under the protection of inert gas argon, carrying out vacuum packaging, placing the quartz glass tube in a tube furnace, heating to 940 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, carrying out heat preservation for 28h, cooling to 840 ℃ at the speed of 0.1 ℃/min, cooling to 800 ℃ at the speed of 0.01 ℃/min, cooling to 700 ℃ at the speed of 0.1 ℃/min, and finally cooling to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min. A sample (0.2000 g) was taken out and treated with 50mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid at-40 ℃ for 10 days with stirring. Repeatedly filtering and washing the reacted solution, and then drying the solution for 8 hours in vacuum at room temperature of 20-25 ℃. Taking out the dried sample, reacting the sample with vinyl magnesium chloride, hydrogen germanide and vinyl magnesium chloride at the molar ratio of 4:1 at room temperature for 15h under the voltage of 2.0V in an inert atmosphere.
From the time-varying curve of the system current, fig. 1 shows that the current tends to be stable after the system reaction is carried out for 10 hours, and the reaction is almost completed.
Reacting germanide (HGe) with vinyl-modified germanide (HGe-CH ═ CH)2) Comparing the XRD peak positions (figure 2), the peak positions are shifted after organic modification, which proves that the interplanar spacing, i.e. the interlayer spacing, is changed after organic modification.
As shown in fig. 3, after vinyl modification, CH appears on the ir spectrum2C-C, Ge-C, and also retained the Ge-H peak, demonstrating that after vinyl modification, part of the Ge-H bonds are broken, forming vinyl substituted Ge-C.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the resulting vinyl-modified germanide materials are all layered structures.
It can be seen from fig. 5 that the band gap of the vinyl-modified hydrogen germanium two-dimensional material prepared in example 1 is 1.904eV, and the preparation of the vinyl-modified hydrogen germanium material can be realized by adjusting the preparation process parameters according to the content of the present invention, and the average band gap reaches 1.85-1.99eV, compared with the band gap of GeH of 1.59eV, it is shown that the band gap of the material obtained by organic modification is changed.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The vinyl-modified hydrogen germanium two-dimensional material is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, placing calcium and germanium into a quartz glass tube in a molar ratio of (1-2) (2-4) under the protection of argon for sealing, placing the quartz glass tube into a tube furnace, heating the quartz glass tube to 900-1100 ℃ at a speed of 4-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12-30h, cooling the quartz glass tube to 840-880 ℃ at a speed of 0.1-0.5 ℃/min, cooling the quartz glass tube to 800-840 ℃ at a speed of 0.01-0.03 ℃/min, cooling the quartz glass tube to 700-750 ℃ at a speed of 0.1-0.5 ℃/min, and finally cooling the quartz glass tube to room temperature of 20-25 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min to obtain calcium germanide;
step 2, mixing the calcium digermide prepared in the step 1 with excessive concentrated hydrochloric acid, placing the mixture into a reaction container, stirring the mixture for 7 to 10 days at the temperature of between 10 ℃ below zero and 40 ℃ below zero, filtering, washing and drying the mixture to obtain germanide hydrogen, wherein the drying condition is as follows: vacuum drying at room temperature of 20-25 deg.C for 5-8 hr;
and 3, reacting the hydrogen germanide prepared in the step 2 with vinyl magnesium chloride under the voltage of 1.2-2.4V in an inert atmosphere for 8-24h, wherein the molar ratio of the hydrogen germanide to the vinyl magnesium chloride is (2-4) to (1-2), and thus obtaining the vinyl-modified hydrogen germanide two-dimensional material.
2. The vinyl-modified hydrogermanide two-dimensional material of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, calcium and germanium are placed in a tubular furnace at a molar ratio of 1:2, heated to 950 ℃ and 1050 ℃ and kept for 16-24 h.
3. The vinyl-modified hydrogermanide two-dimensional material of claim 1, wherein: in step 2, drying conditions: vacuum drying at room temperature of 20-25 deg.C for 5-7 hr.
4. The vinyl-modified hydrogermanide two-dimensional material of claim 1, wherein: in step 3, the molar ratio of the hydrogen germanide to the vinyl magnesium chloride is (2-4) to 1; reacting the hydrogen germanide with vinyl magnesium chloride for 10-20h under the voltage of 1.5-2.0V; the inert atmosphere is argon.
5. The preparation method of the vinyl-modified hydrogen germanium two-dimensional material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, placing calcium and germanium into a quartz glass tube in a molar ratio of (1-2) (2-4) under the protection of argon for sealing, placing the quartz glass tube into a tube furnace, heating the quartz glass tube to 900-1100 ℃ at a speed of 4-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12-30h, cooling the quartz glass tube to 840-880 ℃ at a speed of 0.1-0.5 ℃/min, cooling the quartz glass tube to 800-840 ℃ at a speed of 0.01-0.03 ℃/min, cooling the quartz glass tube to 700-750 ℃ at a speed of 0.1-0.5 ℃/min, and finally cooling the quartz glass tube to room temperature of 20-25 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min to obtain calcium germanide;
step 2, mixing the calcium digermide prepared in the step 1 with excessive concentrated hydrochloric acid, placing the mixture into a reaction container, stirring the mixture for 7 to 10 days at the temperature of between 10 ℃ below zero and 40 ℃ below zero, filtering, washing and drying the mixture to obtain germanide hydrogen, wherein the drying condition is as follows: vacuum drying at room temperature of 20-25 deg.C for 5-8 hr;
and 3, reacting the hydrogen germanide prepared in the step 2 with vinyl magnesium chloride under the voltage of 1.2-2.4V in an inert atmosphere for 8-24h, wherein the molar ratio of the hydrogen germanide to the vinyl magnesium chloride is (2-4) to (1-2), and thus obtaining the vinyl-modified hydrogen germanide two-dimensional material.
6. The method for preparing a vinyl-modified hydrogen germanide two-dimensional material according to claim 5, wherein: in the step 1, calcium and germanium are placed in a tubular furnace at a molar ratio of 1:2, heated to 950 ℃ and 1050 ℃ and kept for 16-24 h.
7. The method for preparing a vinyl-modified hydrogen germanide two-dimensional material according to claim 5, wherein: in step 2, drying conditions: vacuum drying at room temperature of 20-25 deg.C for 5-7 hr.
8. The method for preparing a vinyl-modified hydrogen germanide two-dimensional material according to claim 5, wherein: in the step 3, the molar ratio of the hydrogen germanide to the vinyl magnesium chloride is (2-4) to 1, and the hydrogen germanide and the vinyl magnesium chloride react for 10-20h under the voltage of 1.5-2.0V; the inert atmosphere is argon.
9. Use of the vinyl-modified hydrogen germanide two-dimensional material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in a two-dimensional semiconductor material, wherein: the average band gap of the vinyl-modified hydrogen germanium two-dimensional material is 1.85-1.99eV, and the vinyl-modified hydrogen germanium two-dimensional material is of a layered structure.
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CN110745780B (en) * 2019-12-02 2021-06-08 吉林大学 High-pressure preparation method of amorphous GeH
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CN104108682A (en) * 2014-07-24 2014-10-22 山东大学 Visible-light responsive germanium hydride and preparation method and application thereof

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