CN109590677B - Method for machining deep and long cylindrical surface sealing inner hole - Google Patents
Method for machining deep and long cylindrical surface sealing inner hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN109590677B CN109590677B CN201811334980.3A CN201811334980A CN109590677B CN 109590677 B CN109590677 B CN 109590677B CN 201811334980 A CN201811334980 A CN 201811334980A CN 109590677 B CN109590677 B CN 109590677B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of machining of precision components with special structures, and relates to a method for machining a deep and long cylindrical surface sealing inner hole. After the inner hole is finely reamed, the invention adopts a manual grinding method to further improve the cylindricity and the surface roughness of the inner hole. In the fine reaming process, aiming at the problems of large reaming force of deep and long large holes, poor surface quality and cylindricity and the like, the reaming tool structure is improved, the cutting strategy is optimized, the reaming quality of deep and long inner holes is greatly improved, and a foundation is laid for rear end finishing. The grinding tool aims at the problems that when deep and long inner holes are ground manually, the phenomena of bell mouths and waist-shaped holes are easy to occur, and hair lines often occur on the hole walls. Firstly, the grinding paste, the grinding rod and the grinding amount are reasonably prepared, the local excessive grinding is prevented by strictly controlling the grinding amount in the grinding process, and meanwhile, the hair line is prevented from being generated by strictly controlling the cleaning process after grinding. By the numerical control precision reaming and manual grinding processing, the requirements of high cylindricity and high surface quality of the deep and long cylindrical surface sealing inner hole are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining of precision components with special structures, and particularly relates to a machining method of a deep and long cylindrical surface sealing inner hole.
Background
In a flight control hydraulic steering engine system, a valve assembly with a grooved structure is matched with a high-precision cylindrical surface sealing functional hole to form a novel precise hydraulic oil path control system. Therefore, the number of oil way hole systems can be greatly reduced, the length of the hole systems can be greatly shortened, the purposes of simplifying the structure and quickly responding are realized, and the improvement of the overall performance of the hydraulic control system is promoted.
An inner hole with the length of more than 200mm on a certain aluminum alloy large-scale hydraulic structural member requires the cylindricity of 0.0035mm and the surface roughness Ra0.4. The requirements of relevant indexes are difficult to meet on a conventional numerical control machining center; the precision honing machine is adopted for processing, so that the cost is high, required tools and tools are complex, the precision honing machine is not suitable for small-batch rapid development, and related reports of processing the inner hole by the precision honing machine are not found at present. Therefore, the grinding machine is developed in an early stage by combining a numerical control machining center and manual precision grinding. When an inner hole is machined in the numerical control machining center, the coaxiality is about 0.012mm by adopting a boring machining mode, and the problem of cutter connection is often caused, so that the rear end needs to be ground for multiple times during manual lapping, and the cylindricity is difficult to greatly improve; when the integral reaming mode is adopted, the problem of cutter jointing can be solved, but the scratch phenomenon often appears on the hole wall, the pattern phenomenon easily appears on the hole opening, the coaxiality is about 0.008mm, and the cylindricity can not meet the requirement through one-time grinding during the rear end fine grinding. When the deep and long holes are manually ground, the problem of clamping stagnation is often caused, so that the local roundness is poor, the defects are caused, and the like; the coaxiality precision is reduced after a certain number of times of grinding. Therefore, how to improve the precision reaming processing quality of the front end and reasonably control the fine grinding processing state of the rear end is the primary problem for realizing the precision processing of the structure, the related processing methods are not reported at home and abroad at present, and the processing of the structure is still a difficult problem in the machining industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: in order to solve the problem that the cylindricity of a sealed inner hole of a deep and long cylindrical surface is difficult to greatly improve in the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly and precisely reaming on a numerical control machining center and then manually and precisely grinding the reamed inner hole, so that the problems of low machining efficiency, poor consistency of the bore diameter before grinding and obvious cutter receiving in the past are solved, and the reaming cylindricity of the deep and long cylindrical surface is greatly improved; meanwhile, a manual flexible micro-grinding processing method is improved, the problems of clamping stagnation, local damage and overlarge grinding floating quantity which are frequently generated in the prior art are solved, the precision grinding of deep and long inner holes is realized, and the cylindricity grade is greatly improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a processing method of a deep and long cylindrical surface sealing inner hole comprises the following steps:
step 1: rough machining and stress relief aging of parts;
step 2: finely machining the shape and the groove through hole of the part;
and step 3: lapping installation locating surface
And 4, step 4: the inner hole is sealed by a coarse reaming cylindrical surface;
and 5: developing a precision reaming cutter and a precision reaming cylindrical surface sealing inner hole;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of 6: the developed finish reaming cutter is a six-tooth inserted straight edge reamer, the height consistency of the cutting edges is 0.001mm, the length of the cutting edges is 10-15 mm, the circular arc R of the tool tip is 0.2 +/-0.005 mm, the precision of the tool holder is h6, and the guide length is greater than half of the depth of the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole;
and 7: measuring the cylindricity, the surface roughness and the diameter of the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole;
and 8: trimming the intersection of the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole and the communication hole;
and removing burrs and turned edges at the intersection of all the ditch through holes and the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole, and blunting the sharp edges by about 0.2 mm.
And step 9: preparation of grinding rod
According to the diameter of the inner hole of the cylindrical surface seal measured in the step 7, grinding cast iron grinding rods at a gap of 0.005-0.01 mm, wherein the length of each grinding rod is more than 50mm greater than the depth of the inner hole of the cylindrical surface seal, and chamfers at two ends are 0.5mm multiplied by 60 degrees;
step 10: preparing grinding paste and finely grinding the inner hole;
step 11: cleaning and drying the parts;
step 12: measuring the cylindricity, the surface roughness and the diameter of the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole;
step 13: when the cylindricity or surface roughness of the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole does not meet the requirement, repeating the steps 9-12;
step 14: the parts are protected and boxed.
The step 3: and (4) finely grinding the bottom positioning surface, wherein the flatness of the positioning surface is required to be within 0.015 mm.
The step 4: the coarse reaming column surface seals the inner hole, the allowance of 0.15 mm-0.25 mm is required to be reserved on the single side, the surface of the inner hole is bright, and no obvious lines exist.
The step 5: and (3) sealing the inner hole by the fine reaming cylindrical surface, wherein the diameter of the milled guide hole is required to be 0.02-0.035 mm larger than that of the fine reaming cutter.
The step 6: when the consistency of the height of the blade of the precision reaming cutter is poor, the precision reaming cutter needs to be polished, and the consistency is ensured to be 0.001 mm.
And (5) blunt-ending a sharp edge formed at the intersection of the communication hole processed in the step (2) and the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole finely hinged in the step (5) by about 0.2 mm.
The grinding paste prepared in the step 10 is grinding paste with the granularity of No. 5, kerosene is added, the mixture is stirred evenly to be viscous and can be in a dripping shape, the preparation volume ratio is about 1:1, then the prepared grinding paste is smeared on the inner hole wall by 3 drops at intervals of about 50mm, the grinding paste slides into a grinding rod from one end to be ground, and when the grinding rod slides smoothly and the grinding paste on the grinding rod is evenly smeared, the grinding is stopped.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts integral precision reaming processing aiming at the characteristic of the deep and long cylindrical surface sealing inner hole, eliminates the influence of rotation errors of an inner connecting cutter and a machine tool existing in the processing of two ends, further improves the cylindricity index of the deep and long inner hole by improving the cutter structure and optimizing the cutting strategy, eliminates the defects of cutting lines, scratches and the like, and improves the surface processing quality; after one-time fine reaming forming processing, grinding rods are reasonably prepared, grinding paste is selected and prepared, the grinding amount is controlled, and finishing measures before and after grinding are taken, so that the cylindricity of the deep and long inner hole is further improved, and the surface reaches a high surface quality grade.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a deep long cylindrical surface seal bore configuration component of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
wherein: 1-cylindrical surface sealing hole, 2-step hole, 3-communication hole
L-depth of sealing hole of cylindrical surface, L1-depth of step hole at left end, L2-depth of step hole at right end
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments:
referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, fig. 2 is a front view of a deep long cylindrical surface sealing inner hole structural component of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 2. In this embodiment, the parts are large-sized hydraulic shell type structural members, and have irregular shapes, and a diameter is designed in the length direction
The cylindrical sealing hole has a length of 210mmL, and two ends of the cylindrical sealing hole are respectively provided with a step hole phi 29mm, a depth of 25mmL1 and a step hole L2. The cylinder surface sealing hole requires 0.0035mm of cylindricity and Ra0.4 of surface roughness.
By analyzing the material properties and the part structure, in this embodiment, the processing method of the inner hole part with the sealed cylinder with a certain depth and length includes the following steps:
step 1: rough machining and stress relief aging of parts
Roughly milling the appearance of a part, reserving about 1mm of allowance on a single side, drilling the deep and long cylindrical surface sealing inner hole 1 and the step holes 2 at two ends to phi 18mm, and then performing heat treatment to remove stress and age;
step 2: shape and communication hole of finish-machined part
On a common numerical control machining center, the appearance of a part is firstly finely milled, including a reference surface
Processing all the groove through holes 3 connected with the cylindrical surface sealing inner holes;
and step 3: lapping installation locating surface
Reference surface of grinding part
As a reference positioning surface, ensuring the flatness to be within 0.01mm, cleaning, and removing burrs and flanges on the periphery of the grinding surface;
and 4, step 4: sealed inner hole of thick-hinged cylindrical surface
On the precise horizontal numerical control machining center, a reference surface is leveled
Compacting parts, straightening datum
And milling a guide hole phi 18.38 +/-0.01 mm at one end of the part step hole, and feeding a rough hinge from the guide hole after the depth is 10-15 mm. The effective reaming depth is 260mm (L1+ L + L2), the reaming speed is 350 r/min, and the feed is 30 mm/min;
and 5: using the developed precision reaming cutter to precisely ream the cylindrical surface to seal the inner hole;
on the precise horizontal numerical control machining center, a reference surface is leveled
Firstly straightening a coarse reaming hole, milling a guide hole with the diameter of 18.78 +/-0.005 mm and the depth of 10-15 mm at one end of a part stepped hole, and then reaming a cylindrical surface sealing inner hole by using a developed fine reaming tool. The effective reaming depth is 235mm (L1+ L), the reaming rotating speed is 300 r/min, and the feeding is 20 mm/min;
step 6: measuring diameter, cylindricity and roughness of cylindrical surface sealing inner hole
On a cylindricity meter, measuring the diameter and the cylindricity of the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole, and measuring the surface roughness of the inner hole on a roughness meter;
and 7: trimming the intersection between the cylindrical sealing inner hole and the communication hole
Removing burrs and flanges at the intersection of all the ditch through holes and the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole by a bench worker, and blunting the sharp edge at the intersection by an inner hole polishing head by about 0.2 mm;
and 8: preparation of grinding rod
According to the diameter of the inner hole of the cylindrical surface seal measured in the step 6, grinding cast iron grinding rods on a precision grinding machine according to the clearance of 0.005-0.01 mm, wherein the grinding length is 290mm, and chamfers are arranged at two ends of the cast iron grinding rods at an angle of 0.5mm multiplied by 60 degrees;
and step 9: preparing grinding paste and finely grinding inner holes
A small amount of grinding paste with the granularity of 5# is put into a small-sized glass ware, kerosene is added and stirred uniformly to form paste, the volume ratio of the paste to the grinding paste is about 1:1, and then the prepared grinding paste is smeared on the inner hole wall by 3 drops every 50 mm. Then sliding the grinding rod from one end to grind, and stopping grinding when the grinding rod slides smoothly and the grinding paste on the grinding rod is uniformly coated;
step 10: cleaning and drying parts
After the parts are finely ground, soaking and washing the parts by using gasoline within 2 hours, and taking gauze out from one end of the cylindrical surface sealed inner hole to the other end of the cylindrical surface sealed inner hole to wipe the surface of the inner hole, thoroughly cleaning the grinding paste, paying attention to avoid chips from scratching the surface of the inner hole, and drying the parts after cleaning;
step 11: measuring cylindricity, surface roughness and diameter of cylindrical surface sealing inner hole
Detecting the diameter of the finish-hinged inner hole on a cylindricity instrument, detecting the cylindricity of the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole, and detecting the surface roughness of the inner hole on a roughness instrument;
step 12: when the detection result of the cylindricity or the surface roughness of the inner hole of the cylindrical surface seal does not meet the requirement, repeating the steps from 8 to 11;
step 13: part protection
And (3) coating anti-rust oil on the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole, and boxing the parts to prevent pollutants from entering or colliding in the turnover process and the like.
The invention utilizes the reformed forming precise reamer to carry out the forming processing of deep and long holes; the manual precision grinding method is adopted to further improve the cylindricity and the surface roughness of the inner hole; considering that when the position or angular deviation between the hole center and the reamer center is large, the reaming amount is easy to be uneven, the cylindricity of the reamed inner hole is influenced, and secondary finishing processing of a positioning reference is carried out; considering that the manual grinding has large floating and the grinding amount is difficult to control, a small-gap grinding rod is prepared, and a method for observing the uniform coating condition of the grinding paste in real time is adopted to control the grinding times. The invention solves the problem of low overall precision of the deep and long inner hole machined by the traditional numerical control machining center, simultaneously solves the problems that the grinding amount is difficult to control, the grinding defects are more and the precision is difficult to greatly improve when the deep and long inner hole is manually ground, and realizes the requirements of high cylindricity and high surface quality of the deep and long cylindrical surface sealing inner hole.
In addition, the structural improvement of the cutter and the grinding rod, the optimized reaming processing parameters of the parts, the adjustment according to the actual requirement and the control of the grinding amount are still within the protection scope of the patent if the content is not beyond the concept of the invention and is described in the claims of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A processing method of a deep and long cylindrical surface sealing inner hole comprises the following steps:
step 1: rough machining and stress relief aging of parts;
step 2: finely machining the shape and the groove through hole of the part;
and step 3: lapping installation locating surface
And 4, step 4: the inner hole is sealed by a coarse reaming cylindrical surface;
and 5: developing a precision reaming cutter and a precision reaming cylindrical surface sealing inner hole;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of 6: the developed finish reaming cutter is a six-tooth inserted straight edge reamer, the height consistency of the cutting edges is 0.001mm, the length of the cutting edges is 10-15 mm, the circular arc R of the tool tip is 0.2 +/-0.005 mm, the precision of the tool holder is h6, and the guide length is greater than half of the depth of the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole;
and 7: measuring the cylindricity, the surface roughness and the diameter of the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole;
and 8: trimming the intersection of the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole and the communication hole;
and step 9: preparation of grinding rod
According to the diameter of the inner hole of the cylindrical surface seal measured in the step 7, grinding cast iron grinding rods at a gap of 0.005-0.01 mm, wherein the length of each grinding rod is more than 50mm greater than the depth of the inner hole of the cylindrical surface seal, and chamfers at two ends are 0.5mm multiplied by 60 degrees;
step 10: preparing grinding paste and finely grinding the inner hole; grinding paste with the granularity of No. 5 is selected, kerosene is added into the grinding paste to be stirred uniformly, the grinding paste becomes viscous and can be in a drop shape, the preparation volume ratio is 1:1, the prepared grinding paste is smeared on the inner hole wall by 3 drops at intervals of 50mm, then the grinding paste slides into a grinding rod from one end to be ground, and when the grinding rod slides smoothly and the grinding paste on the grinding rod is smeared uniformly, the grinding is stopped;
step 11: cleaning and drying the parts;
step 12: measuring the cylindricity, the surface roughness and the diameter of the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole;
step 13: when the cylindricity or surface roughness of the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole does not meet the requirement, repeating the steps 9-12;
step 14: and protecting the parts and boxing the parts.
2. The method for machining the inner hole of the deep and long cylindrical surface seal according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step 3: and (4) finely grinding the bottom positioning surface, wherein the flatness of the positioning surface is required to be within 0.015 mm.
3. The method for machining the inner hole of the deep and long cylindrical surface seal according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step 4: the coarse reaming column surface seals the inner hole, the allowance of 0.15 mm-0.25 mm is required to be reserved on the single side, the surface of the inner hole is bright, and no obvious lines exist.
4. The method for machining the inner hole of the deep and long cylindrical surface seal according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step 5: and (3) sealing the inner hole by the fine reaming cylindrical surface, wherein the diameter of the milled guide hole is required to be 0.02-0.035 mm larger than that of the fine reaming cutter.
5. The method for machining the inner hole of the deep and long cylindrical surface seal according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step 6: when the consistency of the height of the blade of the precision reaming cutter is poor, the precision reaming cutter needs to be polished, and the consistency is ensured to be 0.001 mm.
6. The method for machining the inner hole of the deep and long cylindrical seal according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: and (5) blunt-ending a sharp edge formed at the intersection of the communication hole processed in the step (2) and the cylindrical surface sealing inner hole finely hinged in the step (5) by 0.2 mm.
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| CN112091542B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-04-19 | 中国航发贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 | Machining method for eliminating horn mouth of precise hole or ring groove |
| CN112648422B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-08-09 | 新乡市平原工业滤器有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant hydraulic part |
| CN113231790B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-07-29 | 北京实验工厂有限责任公司 | Method for machining precise square hole of transmission part of servo mechanism |
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| US3828415A (en) * | 1969-08-06 | 1974-08-13 | Line Tool Co K | Method and apparatus for rebuilding valve guides |
| CN202779941U (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2013-03-13 | 六安市龙兴汽车零部件有限公司 | Double-purpose drilling tool |
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| CN106112412A (en) * | 2016-08-20 | 2016-11-16 | 无锡鹰贝精密轴承有限公司 | The deep blind hole processing technique of spool high accuracy |
| CN106363371A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-02-01 | 陕西高华知本化工科技有限公司 | Method for machining lathy hole of precision hydraulic valve sleeve |
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