CN109589919A - Preparation method, superparamagnetic bone black material and its application of superparamagnetic bone black material - Google Patents
Preparation method, superparamagnetic bone black material and its application of superparamagnetic bone black material Download PDFInfo
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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Abstract
The present invention provides preparation method, superparamagnetic bone black material and its application of a kind of superparamagnetic bone black material.The preparation method of the superparamagnetic bone black material is stirred until homogeneous the following steps are included: by sodium carboxymethylcellulose addition iron salt solutions containing chlorine；Above-mentioned solution, stirring is added in bone black particle；The pH value of regulation system, stirring；Separation of solid and liquid, cleaning solid divide and dry, are ground up, sieved, and obtain superparamagnetic bone black material；The superparamagnetic bone black material includes bone black particle, magnetic-particle and sodium carboxymethylcellulose；The bone black particle is the particle of animal skeleton anaerobism pyrolysis；The magnetic-particle is selected from Fe3O4、CuFe2O4、ZnFe2O4、NiFe2O4Or CoFe2O4Any one.The superparamagnetic bone black material is used to handle the heavy metal ion in cadmium wastewater, and adsorption rate is fast and high-efficient, Yi Huishou, does not easily cause secondary pollution, thus more suitable for practical.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heavy-metal adsorption material technical fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation side of superparamagnetic bone black material
Method, superparamagnetic bone black material and its application, the superparamagnetic bone black material are particularly suitable for the heavy metal of processing cadmium wastewater
Ion.
Background technique
Cadmium (Cd) is a kind of heavy metal with high biological toxicity, mainly from metal smelt, mining, textile printing,
The discharge of the industries industrial wastewaters such as plating.Studies have shown that cadmium has the characteristics that difficult to degrade, toxicity is big, easily accumulation, it can be to ecological ring
Border and organism cause to seriously endanger.In recent years, the removal of cadmium receives more and more attention.
Common heavy metals removal method have chemical precipitation method, oxidation-reduction method, electrochemical treatment, ion-exchange and
Absorption method etc..In the above-mentioned methods, absorption method because have many advantages, such as it is at low cost, be easy to get, it is efficient and easy to operate due to answered extensively
With.
In recent years, researchers are dedicated to the development and utilization of adsorbent material, research shows that: hydroxyapatite has water solubility
The features such as low, specific surface is big, the stability under various Redox Conditions is strong, buffer capacity at various ph values is strong be
A kind of effective adsorbent.However its have the shortcomings that it is at high cost.
And the main component of animal skeleton is hydroxyapatite (account for its total amount 70%), it therefore, can be as
The cheap alternative materials of hydroxyapatite.Animal skeleton has further the adsorbance of heavy metal ion after anaerobism is pyrolyzed
Promotion, but still remain adsorption time it is longer, be separated by solid-liquid separation be not easy, easily cause secondary pollution problems.
Summary of the invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material, superparamagnetic bone black material and
It is applied, and the superparamagnetic bone black material includes bone black particle, magnetic-particle and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, with carboxymethyl cellulose
Plain sodium carries out Fe as stabilizer and bridging agent, to the resulting bone black particle of animal skeleton charing process3O4It is modified to obtain, especially
It is suitable as heavy metal cadmium adsorbent, adsorption rate is fast and high-efficient, Yi Huishou, does not easily cause secondary pollution, thus more
Suitable for practical.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems adopts the following technical solutions to realize.It proposes according to the present invention
A kind of superparamagnetic bone black material preparation method, the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose
Enter in iron salt solutions containing chlorine, is stirred until homogeneous；2) above-mentioned solution, stirring is added in bone black particle；3) pH value of regulation system, is stirred
It mixes；4) separation of solid and liquid, cleaning solid divide and dry, are ground up, sieved, and obtain superparamagnetic bone black material.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also can be used following technical measures and further realize.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the iron salt solutions containing chlorine are FeCl2·
4H2O and FeCl3·6H2The mixed solution of O；The water that the solution uses is prepared as pure water, and logical N2Remove the dissolved oxygen in water removal.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the FeCl2·4H2O and FeCl3·6H2O
Mole ratio be 1:2；The molysite containing chlorine: bone black particle: the mass ratio of sodium carboxymethylcellulose be 0.61617~
1.84851:1:1。
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, is made as wherein the sodium carboxymethylcellulose is prewired
The aqueous solution of 1%wt；The water that the solution uses is prepared as pure water, and logical N2Remove the dissolved oxygen in water removal.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the bone black particle is by animal skeleton anaerobism
It is pyrolyzed, crushes and sieve with 100 mesh sieve acquisition；The pyrolysis atmosphere is N2, pyrolysis temperature is 200-800 DEG C.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the pH value of the step 3) system be 10 ±
0.1。
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein step 4) the cleaning solid divides to pH value
It is in neutrality, the drying temperature is 60 ± 2 DEG C, and the partial size of the bone black particle is 100 mesh.
Also the following technical solution is employed for the object of the invention to solve the technical problems to realize.It proposes according to the present invention
A kind of superparamagnetic bone black material comprising bone black particle, magnetic-particle and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also can be used following technical measures and further realize.
Preferably, superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the bone black particle is the particle of animal skeleton anaerobism pyrolysis；
The magnetic-particle is selected from Fe3O4、CuFe2O4、ZnFe2O4、NiFe2O4Or CoFe2O4Any one.
Also the following technical solution is employed for the object of the invention to solve the technical problems to realize.It proposes according to the present invention
A kind of superparamagnetic bone black material processing cadmium wastewater in application.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, a kind of preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material proposed by the present invention, superparamagnetic bone black
Material and its application at least have the advantage that
The preparation method of the superparamagnetic bone black material, back magnetization is first carbonized using animal skeleton, and to obtain one kind super suitable
Magnetic bone black material, and when the preparation of the described superparamagnetic bone black material using sodium carboxymethylcellulose as stabilizer and bridging
Bone black particle and magnetic-particle can be synthesized superparamagnetic bone black material containing a large amount of hydroxyl group by agent；It is described super suitable
Magnetic bone black material excellent adsorption is better than pure bone black particle；Particularly, the superparamagnetic bone black material adsorption rate is fast, and 3min is
It can reach adsorption equilibrium, adsorption efficiency is very high；Simultaneously because Fe3O4Have the advantages that superparamagnetism, there is strong magnetic response, easily
In Magneto separate, Yi Huishou does not easily cause secondary pollution.
The above description is only an overview of the technical scheme of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the infrared absorption spectra of superparamagnetic bone black material and bone black particle of the invention；
Fig. 2 is bone black particle of the invention to Cd2+Kinetics equation matched curve；
Fig. 3 is superparamagnetic bone black material of the invention to Cd2+Kinetics equation matched curve；
Fig. 4 is bone black particle of the invention to Cd2+Adsorption isotherm matched curve；
Fig. 5 is superparamagnetic bone black material of the invention to Cd2+Adsorption isotherm matched curve.
Specific embodiment
It is of the invention to reach the technical means and efficacy that predetermined goal of the invention is taken further to illustrate, below in conjunction with
Attached drawing and preferred embodiment, to a kind of preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material proposed according to the present invention, superparamagnetic bone black material
Material and its application, specific embodiment, structure, feature and its effect, detailed description is as follows.
A kind of preparation method for superparamagnetic bone black material that one embodiment of the present of invention proposes, the preparation method include
Following steps: 1) sodium carboxymethylcellulose is added in containing chlorine iron salt solutions, is stirred until homogeneous；2) bone black particle is added above-mentioned
Solution, stirring；3) pH value of regulation system, stirring；4) separation of solid and liquid, cleaning solid divide and dry, are ground up, sieved, and obtain super suitable
Magnetic bone black material.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the iron salt solutions containing chlorine are FeCl2·
4H2O and FeCl3·6H2The mixed solution of O；The water that the solution uses is prepared as pure water, and logical N2Remove the dissolved oxygen in water removal.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the FeCl2·4H2O and FeCl3·6H2O
Mole ratio be 1:2.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the molysite containing chlorine: bone black particle: carboxylic first
The mass ratio of base sodium cellulosate is 0.61617~1.84851:1:1.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the molysite containing chlorine: bone black particle: carboxylic first
The mass ratio of base sodium cellulosate is 1.23234:1:1.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, is made as wherein the sodium carboxymethylcellulose is prewired
The aqueous solution of 1%wt；The water that the solution uses is prepared as pure water, and logical N2Remove the dissolved oxygen in water removal.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the bone black particle is by animal skeleton anaerobism
It is pyrolyzed, crushes and sieve with 100 mesh sieve acquisition；The pyrolysis atmosphere is N2, pyrolysis temperature is 200-800 DEG C.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the animal skeleton is fish-bone.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the anaerobism pyrolysis of the fish-bone is in N2Atmosphere
It is calcined in Muffle furnace under enclosing；The calcination temperature is 200-800 DEG C.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the calcination temperature is 400-800 DEG C.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the calcination temperature is 600-800 DEG C.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the calcination temperature is 600 DEG C.
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the pH value of the step 3) system be 10 ±
0.1。
Preferably, the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein step 4) the cleaning solid divides to pH value
It is in neutrality, the drying temperature is 60 ± 2 DEG C, and the partial size of the bone black particle is 100 mesh.
In the overall process of superparamagnetic bone black material preparation, including animal skeleton charing, the preparation of various solution and bone black
The magnetic history of particle, is passed through N2Create anaerobic environment.
The present invention also proposes a kind of superparamagnetic bone black material comprising bone black particle, magnetic-particle, carboxymethyl cellulose
Sodium.
Attached drawing 1 is the infrared spectrogram of bone black particle and superparamagnetic bone black material, by infrared spectrogram as it can be seen that described
Superparamagnetic bone black material is in 607cm-1There is peak value in place, corresponds to the presence of Fe-O functional group, shows to contain in resulting materials
Fe3O4, in 1613cm-1The absorption peak that place occurs is considered as being caused by the vibration of C=O in CMC；It can be seen that the present invention at
A kind of superparamagnetic bone black material is synthesized to function.
The structure of the superparamagnetic bone black material is CMC-Fe3O4-BC；The BC represents bone black；The CMC represents carboxylic
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose pyce.
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) as using most extensively, the maximum high molecular polymer of dosage, have bonding,
The effects of thickening, emulsion dispersion, and contain a large amount of hydroxyl group.Therefore, the present invention prepares magnetic using sodium carboxymethylcellulose
The granule modified bone black material of property, i.e. superparamagnetic bone black material.
Preferably, superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the bone black particle is the particle of animal skeleton anaerobism pyrolysis.
Preferably, superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the magnetic-particle is selected from Fe3O4、CuFe2O4、ZnFe2O4、
NiFe2O4Or CoFe2O4Any one.
Preferably, superparamagnetic bone black material above-mentioned, wherein the magnetic-particle is Fe3O4。
Common magnetic-particle includes Fe3O4、CuFe2O4、ZnFe2O4、NiFe2O4、CoFe2O4Deng, wherein Fe3O4Because of it
Have many advantages, such as superparamagnetism, nontoxicity, being easily-synthesized property and be widely used.
The present invention also proposes that a kind of superparamagnetic bone black material is handling the application in cadmium wastewater.
The superparamagnetic bone black material adsorbs fast (its absorption of speed of heavy metal ion for handling cadmium wastewater
Kinetic curve 3min tends to be steady), the big (40mgg of saturated extent of adsorption-1More than), and high-efficient, Yi Huishou, do not easily cause
Secondary pollution.
It is further described below below by more specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
The charing of fish-bone bone, and bone black particle is tested to Cd2+Absorption property.
The preparation of bone black particle:
It takes fish-bone broken, is placed in Muffle furnace and leads to N2Anaerobism pyrolysis.30 DEG C of the initial temperature of Muffle furnace, heating-up time
60min, temperature fall time 60min.Resulting bone black crushes, and sieves with 100 mesh sieve.It is pyrolyzed to obtain according to four kinds of conditions described in table 1 respectively
Four kinds of bone black particles.
The anaerobism pyrolytical condition of 1 four kinds of bone black particles of table
| Heating rate | Carbonization temperature | Rate of temperature fall | |
| 1-1 | 2.83℃·min-1 | 200℃ | 2.83℃·min-1 |
| 1-2 | 6.16℃·min-1 | 400℃ | 6.16℃·min-1 |
| 1-3 | 9.50℃·min-1 | 600℃ | 9.50℃·min-1 |
| 1-4 | 12.83℃·min-1 | 800℃ | 12.83℃·min-1 |
Adsorption isotherm experiment:
0.05g bone black particle is added in conical flask, adding 25mL concentration is 35mgL-1、50mg·L-1、
100mg·L-1、150mg·L-1、200mg·L-1Cd (NO3)2Solution.In constant temperature oscillation case, in 25 DEG C, the item of 200rpm
0.45 μm of water system filter membrane is crossed in constant temperature oscillation 12h under part, sampling, measures Cd in filtrate2+Concentration.Above-mentioned processing independently repeats three
It is secondary.Calculate adsorbance.The adsorbance is calculated according to following formula:
qt=(C0-Ct)V/m
Wherein, qtRepresent adsorbance, unit mgg-1；C0Represent initial concentration, unit mgL-1；CtWhen representing t
Between concentration, unit mgL-1；V represents liquor capacity, unit L；M represents adsorbent amount, unit g.
Saturated extent of adsorption measurement is carried out to four kinds of bone black particles that embodiment 1 obtains according to the method for adsorption isotherm experiment,
The maximum bone black of saturated extent of adsorption is selected to carry out magnetic modified.By Langmuir models fitting, as shown in attached drawing 4, saturation is inhaled
The test result of attached amount is shown in Table 2.
The saturated extent of adsorption of 2 four kinds of bone black particles of table
The bone black particle carbonized by above-mentioned table 2 to different temperatures is to Cd2+Saturated extent of adsorption compared, it is known that
It is best to the adsorption effect of cadmium that 600 DEG C of anaerobism are pyrolyzed resulting bone black particle.
The adsorption kinetic data:
It is separately added into 0.05g bone black particle 1-3 in conical flask, then is separately added into 25mL 100mgL-1Cd (NO3)2
Solution.In constant temperature oscillation case, the constant temperature oscillation under conditions of 25 DEG C, 200rpm.Respectively vibrate 1.5h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h,
0.45 μm of water system filter membrane is crossed in 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h, for 24 hours, sampling, measures Cd in filtrate2+Concentration.Above-mentioned processing independently repeats
Three times.Calculate adsorbance.By attached drawing 2 as it can be seen that bone black particle about reaches balance in 12h (720min) to the absorption of cadmium.
Embodiment 2
In order to further increase the adsorption effect and adsorption rate of bone black particle, Fe is carried out to bone black particle3O4It is modified.This
Embodiment is chosen to Cd2+The sample of the maximum bone black particle 1-3 of saturated extent of adsorption further magnetized, and test superparamagnetic
Bone black material is to Cd2+Absorption property.
The preparation of superparamagnetic bone black material:
Superparamagnetic bone black material 2-1,2-2,2-3,2-4 and 2-5 are prepared according to formula described in table 3 and following technique respectively.
The ultrapure water of formula ratio is measured in three-necked flask, leads to N2Remove the dissolved oxygen in water removal.
The FeCl of formula ratio is added2·4H2O and FeCl3·6H2O solid leads to N when being stirred with refiner2。
To FeCl2·4H2O and FeCl3·6H2After O dissolution, the concentration that formula ratio is added is the CMC solution of 1%wt, Bian Yong
Refiner stirs side and leads to N2。
After mixing evenly, the bone black particle of formula ratio is added in system, continues to stir 20min, leads to N2。
With the pH to 10.0 of the NaOH solution regulation system of 2mol/L, continue to stir 30min.
Centrifugation, is separated by solid-liquid separation, cleaning sample to pH is in neutrality, and is dried under the conditions of 60 DEG C.
Grinding, sieves with 100 mesh sieve, obtains superparamagnetic bone black material.
3 superparamagnetic bone black material of table preparation formula
The adsorption kinetic data:
0.05g superparamagnetic bone black material C MC-Fe is separately added into conical flask3O4- BC, then it is separately added into 25mL
100mg·L-1Cd (NO3)2Solution.In constant temperature oscillation case, the constant temperature oscillation under conditions of 25 DEG C, 200rpm.It vibrates respectively
1min, 3min, 5min, 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h, for 24 hours,
0.45 μm of water system filter membrane is crossed in sampling, measures Cd in filtrate2+Concentration.Above-mentioned processing is independent in triplicate.Calculate adsorbance.
To super paramagnetic material CMC-Fe3O4- BC carries out adsorption dynamics adsorption kinetics research, by attached drawing 3 it is found that CMC-Fe3O4- BC pairs
The absorption of cadmium about reaches balance in 3min, is a quick adsorption process.
Adsorption isotherm experiment:
0.05g superparamagnetic bone black material C MC-Fe is separately added into conical flask3O4- BC, then be separately added into 25mL concentration and be
50mg·L-1、100mg·L-1、150mg·L-1、200mg·L-1、250mg·L-1Cd (NO3)2Solution.In constant temperature oscillation case
In, 0.45 μm of water system filter membrane is crossed in the constant temperature oscillation 30min under conditions of 25 DEG C, 200rpm, sampling, measures Cd in filtrate2+It is dense
Degree.Above-mentioned processing is independent in triplicate.Calculate adsorbance.
4 Fe of table3O4Bone black is to Cd after before modified2+Saturated extent of adsorption, unit mgg-1
| Adsorbent | 1-3 | 2-1 | 2-2 | 2-3 | 2-4 | 2-5 |
| Saturated extent of adsorption | 37.799 | 34.172 | 35.375 | 41.556 | 36.174 | 31.541 |
By Langmuir models fitting, as shown in Fig. 5, the test result for obtaining its saturated extent of adsorption is shown in Table 4.
According to the result of above-mentioned table 4 as it can be seen that Fe3O4Bone black is to Cd after before modified2+Saturated extent of adsorption compared, modified institute
The super paramagnetic material obtained is to Cd2+Adsorbance be varied；Particularly, work as FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2The molar ratio of O
When for 1:2, the adsorptivity of the super paramagnetic material is more preferable.
Due to super paramagnetic material CMC-Fe3O4The characteristics of-BC is easily dispersed and is easy to Magneto separate, so that the present invention is hopeful
Apply to the processing of low-concentration heavy metal in water body.Compared with unmodified bone black, super paramagnetic material CMC-Fe3O4- BC is presented
It is good absorption property is gone out, large amount of adsorption, adsorption rate is fast；Easy Magneto separate makes magnetism by the bridging of sodium carboxymethylcellulose
Particle and bone black particle synthesize a kind of super paramagnetic material, due to the Fe of introducing3O4Have the advantages that superparamagnetism, there is strong magnetic
Response, is easy to Magneto separate, Yi Huishou does not easily cause the clear superiorities such as secondary pollution.
Technical characteristic in the claims in the present invention and/or specification can be combined, and a combination thereof mode is not limited to weigh
The combination obtained in benefit requirement by adduction relationship.It is combined by the technical characteristic in claim and/or specification
The technical solution and protection scope of the present invention arrived.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention in any form, according to
According to technical spirit any simple modification, equivalent change and modification to the above embodiments of the invention, this hair is still fallen within
In the range of bright technical solution.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material, which is characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) sodium carboxymethylcellulose is added in iron salt solutions containing chlorine, is stirred until homogeneous；
2) above-mentioned solution, stirring is added in bone black particle；
3) pH value of regulation system, stirring；
4) separation of solid and liquid, cleaning solid divide and dry, are ground up, sieved, and obtain superparamagnetic bone black material.
2. the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The iron salt solutions containing chlorine are FeCl2·4H2O and FeCl3·6H2The mixed solution of O；
The water that the solution uses is prepared as pure water, and logical N2Remove the dissolved oxygen in water removal.
3. the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
The FeCl2·4H2O and FeCl3·6H2The mole ratio of O is 1:2；
The molysite containing chlorine: bone black particle: the mass ratio of sodium carboxymethylcellulose is 0.61617~1.84851:1:1.
4. the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The prewired aqueous solution for being made as 1%wt of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose；
The water that the solution uses is prepared as pure water, and logical N2Remove the dissolved oxygen in water removal.
5. the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The bone black particle is pyrolyzed by animal skeleton anaerobism, is crushed and sieves with 100 mesh sieve acquisition；
The pyrolysis atmosphere is N2, pyrolysis temperature is 200-800 DEG C.
6. the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The pH value of the step 3) system is 10 ± 0.1.
7. the preparation method of superparamagnetic bone black material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Step 4) the cleaning solid point to pH value is in neutrality, and the drying temperature is 60 ± 2 DEG C, the partial size of the bone black particle
Less than or equal to 100 mesh.
8. a kind of superparamagnetic bone black material, which is characterized in that it includes bone black particle, magnetic-particle and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
9. superparamagnetic bone black material according to claim 8, which is characterized in that
The bone black particle is the particle of animal skeleton anaerobism pyrolysis；
The magnetic-particle is selected from Fe3O4、CuFe2O4、ZnFe2O4、NiFe2O4Or CoFe2O4Any one.
10. a kind of application of superparamagnetic bone black material in processing cadmium wastewater.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110317611A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-10-11 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of metal oxide/biology carbon composite, preparation method and its application |
| CN113502283A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-15 | 东北农业大学 | Preparation method and application of functional microbial inoculum of bone char/CMC stabilized FeS composite material loaded with phosphate solubilizing bacteria |
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