CN109589651B - Special defoaming agent for desulfurization by using water as regenerated water in wet flue gas desulfurization process - Google Patents
Special defoaming agent for desulfurization by using water as regenerated water in wet flue gas desulfurization process Download PDFInfo
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- CN109589651B CN109589651B CN201811521699.0A CN201811521699A CN109589651B CN 109589651 B CN109589651 B CN 109589651B CN 201811521699 A CN201811521699 A CN 201811521699A CN 109589651 B CN109589651 B CN 109589651B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PFCHFHIRKBAQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hexanone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CC PFCHFHIRKBAQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M monosodium L-glutamate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229940079781 sodium cocoyl glutamate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- -1 phosphate ester Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
- B01D19/04—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
- B01D19/0404—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
- B01D19/04—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
- B01D19/0404—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance
- B01D19/0413—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance compounds containing N-atoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
- B01D19/04—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
- B01D19/0404—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance
- B01D19/0422—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance compounds containing S-atoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
- B01D19/04—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
- B01D19/0404—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance
- B01D19/0463—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance containing rings other than aromatic rings
Abstract
The invention discloses a special defoaming agent for desulfurization by taking water for a wet flue gas desulfurization process as reclaimed water, belonging to the technical field of wet flue gas desulfurization, and the defoaming agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% -60% of methyl pentanone, 10% -30% of cyclohexanone, 10% -20% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 8% -15% of sodium cocoyl glutamate, 1% -5% of sodium hydroxyalkyl sulfonate, 0.1% -0.5% of polyacrylate and 0.05% -0.2% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the sum of the content percentages of all the components is equal to 100%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wet flue gas desulfurization, and particularly relates to a special defoaming agent for desulfurization, wherein urban reclaimed water is used as process water of a wet flue gas desulfurization system.
Background
Limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization technology has the advantage of high desulfurization efficiency, and is increasingly applied to thermal power plants. However, the absorption slurry contains many impurity components, which not only can cause serious pollution to the environment, but also can increase the surface tension of the slurry, and easily cause the foam generation inside the absorption tower. The foam causes the following adverse effects: 1) causing slurry overflow and environmental pollution; 2) the blade of the booster fan is damaged, and the slurry pump fails; 3) the mass transfer process of the absorption slurry and the flue gas of the desulfurizing tower is blocked and interfered; 4) the gypsum can not be discharged normally, and the crystallization time of the gypsum is prolonged, so that the absorption efficiency is reduced, and the quality of the gypsum is reduced; 5) causing false liquid level of the absorption tower, and in conclusion, the foam has serious harm to the safe and stable operation of the leakage-free system, so the foam is prevented from being generated or is effectively eliminated.
The foam is the result of a vapor-liquid heterogeneous dispersion system formed by dispersing gas such as air in slurry, and the reason for generating the foam in a wet flue gas desulfurization system is as follows: 1) unqualified quality of the regenerated water or heavy metals, organisms or organic matters contained in the water; 2) the fly ash or organic matters are gathered in the slurry due to poor combustion of the boiler or insufficient combustion of fuel oil; 3) the slurry contains heavy metal or dust; 4) the slurry contains foaming agent such as magnesium agent in limestone; 5) transitional concentration of the slurry; 6) the operation of the oxidation fan is unstable.
The requirements for foam generation are: 1) there is a sufficient amount of foaming agent (or surface active substance); 2) the gas is continuously contacted with the liquid; 3) the gas or liquid density difference is sufficiently large. Among the three requirements, since the wet flue gas desulfurization system is equipped with an oxidation (aeration) fan which is necessary, the condition 2) cannot be eliminated, and the condition 3) is also difficult to control or improve, so defoaming should be performed with more weight than one direction (air side, liquid side or foaming interface) to eliminate or reduce the foaming agent (or surfactant) or conventional agent, and therefore, the initial defoaming performance is poor, the defoaming speed is slow, and furthermore, the temperature resistance is poor. More importantly, the impurity components in the regenerated water are complex, so the application effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the special defoaming agent for desulfurization, which uses the wet flue gas desulfurization process water as the reclaimed water, is suitable for eliminating or inhibiting foam when used as the process water of a wet flue gas desulfurization system.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: the special defoaming agent for desulfurization by using water for the wet flue gas desulfurization process as regenerated water is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 40 to 60 percent of methyl pentanone, 10 to 30 percent of cyclohexanone, 10 to 20 percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 8 to 15 percent of sodium cocoyl glutamate, 1 to 5 percent of sodium hydroxyalkyl sulfonate, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of polyacrylate and 0.05 to 0.2 percent of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the sum of the content percentages of the components is equal to 100 percent.
Through the design scheme, the invention can bring the following beneficial effects: the special defoaming agent for desulfurization, which is provided by the invention, takes the water for the wet flue gas desulfurization process as the reclaimed water, can be used for quickly breaking, suppressing and defoaming from the air side, the liquid side and the foaming interface in multiple dimensions at the same time, and has the advantages of good initial defoaming property, long foam suppression time, good chemical stability, acid and alkali resistance, no layering, no toxicity, no corrosion, no phosphorus, low dosage and no influence on the quality and the dehydration performance of gypsum. Therefore, the efficient nontoxic environment-friendly defoaming agent is suitable for defoaming and foam inhibition of aqueous solutions with complex substance components and high contents of heavy metals, COD, BOD, suspended matters and the like in water, and is particularly suitable for defoaming in the field of reclaimed water use.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below in connection with preferred embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
The special defoaming agent for desulfurization, in which the water for the wet flue gas desulfurization process is the regenerated water, is a JDHX-1Z type defoaming agent, and the defoaming agent is composed of a carrier, an active substance, an emulsifier and an emulsifying aid, and specifically comprises the following components in parts by mass:
1. carrier: 40-60% of methyl pentanone and 10-30% of cyclohexanone;
2. active substance: 10 to 20 percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 8 to 15 percent of sodium cocoyl glutamate;
3. emulsifier: 1 to 5 percent of sodium hydroxyalkyl sulfonate;
4. an emulsification aid: 0.1 to 0.5 percent of polyacrylate and 0.05 to 0.2 percent of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
The mass fraction of each component is the percentage of the mass of each component in the total mass of the defoaming agent.
Application method
When the stock solution is used, the initial (or more foams) adding dosage is 50 mg/L-100 mg/L, and the normal using dosage is 20 mg/L-50 mg/L.
In situ applications
The 4 x 350MW units of the capacity of a certain plant assembling machine and 4 units of the unit desulfurization systems adopt wet flue gas desulfurization, the sulfur content of the engineering design coal in the period is 0.19 percent, the sulfur content of the check coal is 0.17 percent, the sulfur content of the desulfurization design coal is 0.6 percent, and a desulfurization device is designed according to the sulfur content of the desulfurization design coal of 0.6 percent. The design coal type (check coal type) of desulfurization for combustion, the quality of limestone required for 100% flue gas desulfurization: the grain size is less than or equal to 20mm and the content is CaCO3Calculated as not less than 85 percent, SiO2The content is not more than 2%.
The make-up water of the desulfurization system is the sewage discharged by a circulating water system, the main water source of the circulating water is urban recycled water, and the quality of the recycled water meets the requirements of various indexes in 4.2.2 of GB 50335. The water quality situation is tabulated below:
regenerated water quality analysis report
When the desulfurization wastewater system operates, the following problems exist: 1) more foams are in the wastewater, and particularly the water change amount of the wastewater system is larger within 1-3 hours after the water is supplemented by the wastewater system; 2) the gypsum has darker color and lower aesthetic degree, and meanwhile, the gypsum has uneven small vacuoles; 3) foam in a wastewater system overflows to cause local corrosion of equipment, so that a channel is polluted and does not meet the requirement of environmental protection; 4) foam affects the level monitoring of the wastewater system, resulting in liquid level and wastewater pump interlock failure. In order to reduce the foam quantity, the foam quantity can be controlled only when the dosage of the conventional phosphate ester defoaming agent is 100-300 mg/L, but the quality of gypsum is reduced due to the addition of a large amount of phosphate, and meanwhile, the deposition quantity of insoluble salts such as calcium phosphate in a wastewater system is remarkably increased.
After the JDHX-1Z defoaming agent is adopted, the initial (or when much foam is generated) adding dosage is 50 mg/L-100 mg/L, the foam quantity in 10min can be obviously controlled, the normal using dosage is 20 mg/L-50 mg/L, and the foam quantity in water basically disappears. The comparison after 1 month of use shows that the cost of the defoaming agent is reduced by 18.5 percent, the quality of the gypsum is improved, and the detection results are as follows:
the free water content is 8.5-9.1% (the guarantee value is lower than 10% Wt);
CaSO4﹒2H2the O content is 90.5-93.3% (the guarantee value is higher than 90% Wt);
CaCO31.87% -2.53% (guaranteed value)<3% based on gypsum without free moisture);
CaSO3﹒1/2H2the O content is 0.6-0.82% (the guarantee value is lower than 1% Wt, gypsum without free moisture is taken as a reference);
cl dissolved in gypsum-The content is 0.005-0.008% (the guarantee value is lower than 0.01% Wt, gypsum without free moisture is taken as a reference);
the content of F-dissolved in the gypsum is 0.003 to 0.007 percent (the guarantee value is lower than 0.01 percent Wt, the gypsum without free moisture is taken as the reference);
the content of MgO dissolved in the gypsum is 0.012 percent to 0.017 percent (the guarantee value is lower than 0.021 percent Wt, and the gypsum without free moisture is taken as the reference);
k dissolved in Gypsum2The O content is 0.02-0.056% (the guarantee value is lower than 0.07 Wt%, and gypsum without free moisture is taken as a reference);
na dissolved in gypsum2The content of O is 0.011 percent to 0.019 percent (the guarantee value is lower than 0.030 percent Wt, and gypsum without free moisture is taken as a reference).
In conclusion, the defoaming agent for urban reclaimed water as process water of a wet flue gas desulfurization system is a high-efficiency nontoxic environment-friendly defoaming agent, is suitable for defoaming and foam inhibition of aqueous solutions with complex substance components and high contents of heavy metal, COD, BOD, suspended matters and the like in water, is particularly suitable for defoaming in the field of reclaimed water use, and can be widely applied.
Claims (1)
1. The special defoaming agent for desulfurization, which takes water used in the wet flue gas desulfurization process as reclaimed water, is characterized in that,
the defoaming agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40 to 60 percent of methyl pentanone, 10 to 30 percent of cyclohexanone, 10 to 20 percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 8 to 15 percent of sodium cocoyl glutamate, 1 to 5 percent of sodium hydroxyalkyl sulfonate, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of polyacrylate and 0.05 to 0.2 percent of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wherein the sum of the content percentages of the components is equal to 100 percent.
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CN102974131A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-03-20 | 华南师范大学 | Special defoaming agent for secondary lead smelting flue gas desulfurization process and preparation method thereof |
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US3951853A (en) * | 1974-11-04 | 1976-04-20 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Defoamer composition |
FI760391A (en) * | 1975-02-18 | 1976-08-19 | Hart Chemical Ltd | |
DE19940262A1 (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-03-01 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Detergent additives in solid form |
DE60143706D1 (en) * | 2000-07-18 | 2011-02-03 | Sanyo Chemical Ind Ltd | ABSORBENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, ABSORBABLE ARTICLES AND SYNTHESIS PRODUCTS |
JP4096044B2 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2008-06-04 | サンノプコ株式会社 | Emulsion type antifoaming agent |
CN102302869B (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-08-28 | 南京四新科技应用研究所有限公司 | Solid particle foam inhibitor and method for preparing same |
CN104784980B (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2016-05-11 | 江苏四新科技应用研究所股份有限公司 | A kind of defoaming composition |
CN106621478A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-10 | 北京麦尔化工科技有限公司 | Light-colored mineral oil de-foaming agent and preparation method thereof |
CN108410602A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-08-17 | 吉林省电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of online decontamination scale preventative of wet method fume desulfurizing system and preparation method thereof |
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环己酮;w_ou;《百度百科》《https://baike.baidu.com/item/环己酮》;20180704;网页全文 * |
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