CN109588249A - 一种高效花生根瘤固氮方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
本发明属于农作物培养技术领域,公开了一种高效花生根瘤固氮方法,适合南方酸性沙土或沙壤土,地势平坦,排灌方便,pH6.0~6.5,每克土壤根瘤菌数量达1000以上。包括选择高固氮能力花生品种;种子处理;播种沟集中平衡施肥和播种;在出苗后1个月,每亩施固氮混合肥300千克;花期管理。本发明提供的拌种剂和固氮混合肥可以促进土壤中高固氮能力根瘤菌繁殖并入侵花生根部,促进花生根部结瘤,大大提高花生固氮能力;通过只在花生苗期供应外源氮营养和平衡施肥,避免氮阻遏,合理调节营养生长和生殖生长的关系,让根瘤固氮为花生中后期提供充足的氮营养,达到减少氮肥用量和提高花生产量的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农作物培养技术领域,尤其涉及一种高效花生根瘤固氮方法。
背景技术
落花生(学名:Arachis hypogaea Linn.):蔷薇目、豆科,落花生属的一年生草本植物。根部有丰富的根瘤;茎和分枝均有棱,叶纸质对生;叶柄基部抱茎,卵状长圆形至倒卵形,先端钝圆形,两面被毛,边缘具睫毛;叶脉边缘互相联结成网状;花长约8毫米;苞片披针形;花冠黄色或金黄色,旗瓣开展,翼瓣与龙骨瓣分离,长圆形或斜卵形,花柱延伸于萼管咽部之外,荚果膨胀,荚厚,6-8月花果期。落花生的果实为荚果,果壳的颜色多为黄白色,也有黄褐色、褐色或黄色的,这与花生的品种及土质有关。花生果壳内的种子通称为花生米或花生仁,由种皮、子叶和胚三部分组成。种皮的颜色为淡褐色或浅红色。种皮内为两片。是生产食用植物油的原料,花生果仁中提取油脂呈透明、淡黄色,味芳香,种子含脂肪油40-60%,含氮物质20-35%,纤维素2-5%,水分5-8%,灰分2-4%,维生素等。氮素是植物生长最重要的营养元素之一,作物增产常需要施用大量氮肥。豆科作物在土壤中生长主要依靠化学肥料和生物固氮来提供氮源。然而,南方酸性土壤和过量施用氮肥等因素没能充分发挥花生根瘤固氮功能,不利于降低成本、提高花生产量。
花生根瘤菌是一种微小的杆状细菌,宽0.3~0.5微米,长0.6~2.5微米,只能借助于显微镜才能看到它们的单个细胞。它们平时在土壤中以腐生方式生活,当花生根系萌发生长的时候,花生根瘤菌就可以通过根系的裂缝进入根系的皮层细胞定殖下来,刺激根系皮层细胞发育,在主根和侧根上逐渐膨大都形成肉眼可见的根瘤。根瘤菌就在根瘤定居并繁殖很多后代,到一定时期它们就变身成为很多球形的类菌体,通过自身的固氮酶把空气中的氮气转化为植物可以吸收的氮肥了,这个过程叫——生物固氮,大部分固定的氮素作为花生生长发育的氮营养。一株花生的根系能形成数量不等的根瘤,可以为花生提供生长所需总氮量的33~75%,从而减少化肥使用,相应的就能减少能源浪费、减少环境污染和温室效应,生产的花生品质也更加优良。但由于目前土壤贫瘠,氮肥过量施用,阻遏了生物固氮,尤其是酸性土壤不利于根瘤菌的入侵和花生根系的结瘤。
综上所述,现有技术存在的问题是:化肥过量施用,酸性土壤不利于根瘤菌入侵,花生不易结瘤,造成花生根瘤固氮能力差,生产成本高。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种高效花生根瘤固氮方法。
本发明是这样实现的,一种高效花生根瘤固氮方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一,选择南方酸性沙土或沙壤土,土壤耕层深厚、地势平坦,排灌方便,土壤结构适宜,pH6.0~6.5,每克土壤根瘤菌数量达1000以上;
步骤二,选择高产高固氮能力花生品种;
步骤三,种子处理、施肥及播种;
挑选无虫眼、病变、破损的带壳整荚花生作为种子,并以5kg为单位分堆,将15g拌种剂装入容器中兑水后搅匀,把带壳整荚花生按堆依次放入容器中浸泡1~2小时,取出与拌种剂拌匀,沥干晾晒,晒至水分为23%;在播种沟里每666.7m2条施氮磷钾复合肥20㎏,与土拌匀;宽窄行播种,宽行距60㎝,窄行距25㎝,穴距16㎝。
步骤四,在出苗后1个月,每亩施固氮复混肥300千克;
步骤五,花期管理。
进一步,所述拌种剂由以下重量份的原料配成:
马兰根5.5份、倒扣草4.3份、蓝靛34份、紫荆花汁9份、紫薯淀粉5份、银杏叶汁13份、绿原酸0.7份、天门冬氨酸0.6份、大鱼鳅串4份、牛舌头乳汁5份和丁香油3份。
进一步,所述固氮混合肥制备方法如下:
所述微量元素肥料选自碳酸锰锌、硼镁肥、硫酸锌、钼酸钠、螯合态铜或磷酸铵铁中的一种或多种;
所述有机肥为由以下重量份的原料组成:腐熟羊粪210份、腐熟牛粪400份、醋糟100份、腐熟甘蔗渣130份、豆粕75份、熟石灰100份、微量元素肥料1份。
进一步,所述花期管理方法如下:
首先,在花生开花后对花生地进行除草和松土;在结荚初期,植株高度达40㎝时,每666.7m2使用15%多效唑可湿性粉剂40g~50g兑水40kg~50kg进行茎叶喷雾1次。
本发明的优点及积极效果为:
本发明提供的拌种剂和固氮混合肥可以促进土壤中高固氮能力根瘤菌繁殖并入侵花生根部,促进花生根部结瘤,大大提高花生固氮能力;通过只在花生苗期供应外源氮营养和平衡施肥,避免氮阻遏,合理调节营养生长和生殖生长的关系,让根瘤固氮为花生中后期提供充足的氮营养,达到减少氮肥用量和提高花生产量的目的。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施提供的高效花生根瘤固氮方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
下面结合附图对本发明的应用原理作进一步描述。
如图1所示,本发明提供一种高效花生根瘤固氮方法包括以下步骤:
S101:选择南方酸性沙土或沙壤土,土壤耕层深厚、地势平坦,排灌方便,土壤结构适宜,pH6.0~6.5,每克土壤根瘤菌数量达1000以上;
S102:种子处理、施肥、播种;
挑选无虫眼、病变、破损的带壳整荚花生作为种子,并以5kg为单位分堆,将15g拌种剂装入容器中兑水后搅匀,把带壳整荚花生按堆依次放入容器中浸泡1~2小时,取出与拌种剂拌匀,沥干晾晒,晒至水分为23%;在播种沟里每666.7m2条施氮磷钾复合肥20㎏,与土拌匀;宽窄行播种,宽行距60㎝,窄行距25㎝,穴距16㎝。
S103:在出苗以后1个月,每亩施固氮混合肥300千克于两窄行花生植株间,松土;
S104:花期管理。
本发明提供的拌种剂由以下重量份的原料配成:
马兰根5.5份、倒扣草4.3份、蓝靛34份、紫荆花汁9份、紫薯淀粉5份、银杏叶汁13份、绿原酸0.7份、天门冬氨酸0.6份、大鱼鳅串4份、牛舌头乳汁5份和丁香油3份。
本发明提供的固氮混合肥制备方法如下:
所述有机肥为由以下重量份的原料组成:腐熟羊粪210份、腐熟牛粪400份、醋糟100份、腐熟甘蔗渣130份、豆粕75份、熟石灰100份、微量元素肥料1份。
所述微量元素肥料选自碳酸锰锌、硼镁肥、硫酸锌、钼酸钠、螯合态铜或磷酸铵铁中的一种或多种。
本发明提供的花期管理方法如下:
首先,在花生开花后对花生地进行除草和松土;
然后在结荚初期,植株高度达40㎝时,每666.7m2使用15%多效唑可湿性粉剂40g~50g兑水40kg~50kg进行茎叶喷雾1次。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种高效花生根瘤固氮方法,其特征在于,所述高效花生根瘤固氮方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一,选择南方酸性沙土或沙壤土,土壤耕层深厚、地势平坦,排灌方便,土壤结构适宜,pH6.0~6.5,每克土壤根瘤菌数量达1000以上;
步骤二,选择高产高固氮能力花生品种;
步骤三,种子处理、施肥及播种;
挑选无虫眼、病变、破损的带壳整荚花生作为种子,并以5kg为单位分堆,将15g拌种剂装入容器中兑水后搅匀,把带壳整荚花生按堆依次放入容器中浸泡1~2小时,取出与拌种剂拌匀,沥干晾晒,晒至水分为23%;在播种沟里每666.7㎡条施氮磷钾复合肥20㎏,与土拌匀;宽窄行播种,宽行距60㎝,窄行距25㎝,穴距16㎝;
步骤四,在出苗后1个月,每亩施固氮复混肥300千克;
步骤五,花期管理。
2.如权利要求1所述的高效花生根瘤固氮方法,其特征在于,所述拌种剂由以下重量份的原料配成:
马兰根5.5份、倒扣草4.3份、蓝靛34份、紫荆花汁9份、紫薯淀粉5份、银杏叶汁13份、绿原酸0.7份、天门冬氨酸0.6份、大鱼鳅串4份、牛舌头乳汁5份和丁香油3份。
3.如权利要求1所述的高效花生根瘤固氮方法,其特征在于,所述固氮混合肥制备方法如下:
所述微量元素肥料选自碳酸锰锌、硼镁肥、硫酸锌、钼酸钠、螯合态铜或磷酸铵铁中的一种或多种;
所述有机肥为由以下重量份的原料组成:腐熟羊粪210份、腐熟牛粪400份、醋糟100份、腐熟甘蔗渣130份、豆粕75份、熟石灰100份、微量元素肥料1份。
4.如权利要求1所述的高效花生根瘤固氮方法,其特征在于,所述花期管理方法如下:首先,在花生开花后对花生地进行除草和松土;在结荚初期,植株高度达40㎝时,每666.7㎡使用15%多效唑可湿性粉剂40g~50g兑水40kg~50kg进行茎叶喷雾1次。
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