CN109584695A - Smoke settlement simulation system in a kind of respiratory system - Google Patents
Smoke settlement simulation system in a kind of respiratory system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to smoke settlement simulation systems in a kind of respiratory system, belong to the system regions of respiratory system simulation.Smoke settlement simulation system in respiratory system, including respiratory tract model, CFD analogue simulation flue gas particle settling module, model data output module, external environment parameters library module and model data and environmental parameter coupling module.Each region flue gas particle settles dosage in smoke settlement simulation system energy actual response human respiratory tract in respiratory system of the invention.Predict the indexs of correlation such as personnel's respiratory tract injury degree in flue gas environment, to reduce personnel's respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease provides theory support, provides scientific basis to carry out Individual protection equitment development, is finally reached the target of protection people's life safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of respiratory system simulation system, it is specifically related to smoke settlement in a kind of respiratory system
Simulation system.
Background technique
The pollutants such as weld fumes agglomerate, the sawdust generated in the particulate matter (PM) and workshop in outdoor environment can be tight
Human health is damaged again.In fire incident, the flue gas particle generated in the scene of a fire is to fireman, ambulance paramedic and stranded group
Many health, which exists, to threaten.Flue gas particle can be deposited in respiratory system, and then part can enter body-internal-circulation and cause human body anxious
Property or chronic healthy risk, may cause respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease.Respiratory disease has asthma, chronic obstruction
Property tuberculosis (COPD) etc., cardiovascular disease has coronary heart disease etc..Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes pulmonary emphysema and chronic branch gas
Pipe inflammation etc..Adhere to toxic metals particulate matter by nose breathing, oral cavity breathing enter in vivo, chemistry contained in particulate matter at
Divide and the form of the toxic metals of attachment is key to serving in human health risk in assessment flue gas particle.
Due to ethics morals problem, the correlative study of respiratory system endoparticle sedimentation cannot directly carry out human trial.Meter
To be widely used in simulated respiration system flue gas heavy because it has many advantages, such as that at low cost, speed is fast for fluid operator dynamics (CFD)
The research of drop.Correlative study is not by the particle phase volume fraction phase of smoke settlement research and true environment in simulated respiration system
Association, thus deposit dose of the respiratory system each region under true environment can not be analyzed.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues of in order to solve the prior art, the present invention provide smoke settlement simulation system in a kind of respiratory system.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: smoke settlement in a kind of respiratory system
Simulation system, including respiratory tract model, CFD analogue simulation flue gas particle settling module, model data output module, external environment
Parameter library module and model data and environmental parameter coupling module；
The respiratory tract model is used to simulate the true respiratory tract for dividing region by physiological structure；
The CFD analogue simulation flue gas particle settling module is used to calculate the particle sedimentation point in each region in respiratory tract model
Number；
The model data output module is for exporting each stroke that CFD analogue simulation flue gas particle settling module is calculated
Subregional particle settles score；
The external environment parameters library module is for providing the flue gas particle parameter of true environment；
The model data and environmental parameter coupling module are used to model data output module obtaining each area of respiratory system
The particle sedimentation score in domain is coupled with the flue gas particle parameter in external environment parameters library module, obtains the area respiratory tract model Nei Ge
The sedimentation dosage in domain；
The respiratory system lesion assessment module is sedimentation dosage and the concentration utilization for each region of respiratory tract model
The breath exposure appraisal procedure for whole respiratory system that Environmental Protection Agency USA proposes, it is non-to obtain each region of respiratory tract model
Risk factor (HQ) index of carcinogenic particle and the lifelong risk of cancer index (ELCR) of carcinogenic particle, assessment respiratory tract model are each
The health risk in region, and then true respiratory tract injury is assessed.
Further, the respiratory tract model is directed by the computed tomography images of real human body respiratory tract
Layered identification building in MIMICS software；The region divided by physiological structure includes nasal cavity, oral cavity, throat, tracheae
Bronchus 4 is most of.
Further, the calculating process of each particle sedimentation score for dividing region includes: by enough single grains
The flue gas particle of diameter discharges near nasal cavity or oral cavity, when flue gas particle moves in respiratory tract, ignores and mutually moves between particle,
Assuming that particle is spherical shape, it is being less than particle half with a distance from respiratory tract model wall surface when sucking particle moves in respiratory tract model
It is settled when diameter, remaining non-deposited particles leaves respiratory tract model from respiratory tract model lower end, it is believed that all particles are not
It is breathed out by exhaling；Simultaneously for conducting heat in respiratory tissues the characteristics of, considers metabolic heat production, blood in respiratory tissues
The influence of circulation cooling, and there are the heat interactions heat transfer process such as heat convection for analysis respiratory tract-tissue interface, determine
Metabolic heat production, blood circulation heat dissipation, heat interaction process key parameter, establish cover convection current, radiation, evaporation heat transfer heat
Equation of transfer moves particle and generates thermophoretic forces influence；In conjunction with true respiratory tissues flow field characteristic distributions, respiratory tract is established
Model flow field adjusts different respiratory flows, breathing pattern, partial size or density granule, respectively at various respiratory flow, breathing
CFD calculating is carried out under mode, partial size or density granule；Intergranular interaction is not considered, and individual particle is mainly pulled
The effect of power, Saffman power, four kinds of brown force, thermophoretic forces power, movement stress of the individual particle in respiratory tract model flow field
Such as formula (1)；Formula (1) is movement force bearing formulae of the individual particle in respiratory tract, according to formula (1) available particle
The case where moving up.The sedimentation of particle is based on respiratory tract inner flew field, it is believed that particle is moved by respiratory tract flow field
It influences, ignores intergranular movement.Particle according to respiratory tract flow field situation move, when contact wall surface if think particle sink
Drop, final statistics calculate deposition fraction, i.e. formula (2) in the number of each regional subsidence particle.Particle is transported in respiratory tract model
It is denoted as and settles when being less than particle radius with a distance from respiratory tract model wall surface when dynamic, remaining non-deposited particles is from respiratory tract
Respiratory tract model is left in model lower end, is denoted as into lung；Nasal cavity, oral cavity, throat, rami tracheales gas in statistics respiratory tract model
Pipe 4 divides greatly the deposited particles number in region, and the deposited particles number in respiratory tract model is equal to the 4 big deposited particles numbers for dividing region
Summation, sucking total particle number be the summation of the granule number entered in respiratory tract model by nasal cavity, oral cavity, each division region wall surface
Particle sedimentation score (DFp) the following formula of calculation formula (2), the particle sedimentation score of respiratory tract model is equal to 4 and big divides
The summation of the particle sedimentation score in region；
Wherein upIt is particle speed, unit is m/s；T is the time, and unit is s；CcIt is Cunningham corrected parameter, it is immeasurable
Guiding principle；FDIt is unit mass pulling power, unit is m/s2；FSIt is unit mass Saffman power, unit is m/s2；FBIt is unit mass
Brown force, unit are m/s2；FTIt is unit mass thermophoresis force, unit is m/s2。
Further, the building process of external environment parameters library module: choosing typical scene, understands the sampling specific feelings of scene
Two uniformly distributed sampling stations are respectively set in sampling site in condition, and each sampling station is hit including an aerosol spectrometer, a cascade
Hit device and thermometer.Aerosol spectrometer is sampled the particle of 1.5 meters of height regions, this Regional Representative's human body respiration area,
Measurement a period of time, sampled result obtain the amounts of particles-particle diameter distribution situation curve at each time point；Cascade Impactor is used to survey
Particle mass concentration is measured, amounts of particles-grading curve when choosing particle mass concentration maximum, which is used as, to be representedIndicate worst environmental aspect；Thermometer obtains the mean temperature in sampling process.The true environment of measurement
In the temperature of particle, density, chemical constituent, particle diameter distribution, concentration distribution characteristic construct for providing the particle of true environment
Temperature, type, concentration and quantity-particle diameter distribution external environment parameters library module.Flue-gas temperature is arranged to particle temperature,
Particle type corresponds to grain density after choosing, and selects respiratory flow and mode according to scene, the grain in amounts of particles-particle diameter distribution
The corresponding range for calculating partial size of diameter range；Granule density is used for subsequent sedimentation Rapid Dose Calculation and Risk Calculation.
Further, the building process of the model data and environmental parameter coupling module includes: to export model data
The particle sedimentation score that module obtains each region in respiratory tract model is coupled with external environment parameters library flue gas particle parameter, is obtained
Respiratory tract model respectively divides the sedimentation dosage in region；Particle settles the following formula of Rapid Dose Calculation formula (3):
Wherein DosemassIt is respiratory tract model endoparticle sedimentation dosage, unit is μ g；DFpIt is each region in respiratory tract model
Particle settle score, unit is %；ρpIt is grain density, unit is g/cm3；dpIt is grain diameter, unit is nm, d (dp) be
dpDifferential,It is to calculate grain diameter section；(t1,t2) it is the time interval calculated, unit is s；It is
Flue gas particle quantity-particle diameter distribution, unit are #/cm in environment3Nm, measurement process are as follows: measurement obtains amounts of particles-grain
Diameter distribution character curve；Cascade Impactor is used to measure particle mass concentration, chooses granule number when particle mass concentration maximum
Amount-grading curve is as representative It is the position vector of flue gas particle in environment, unit is m；Q is to exhale
Flow is inhaled, unit is L/min.
DosemassIt is the formula that respiratory tract model endoparticle sedimentation dosage is a calculating deposit dose, can both calculates
Entire deposit dose can also calculate each subregion, because DF inside formula is different, the deposit dose position of calculating is not yet
Together.
Further, the tracheal bronchus periphery of the respiratory tract model is equipped with a circle as knot of tissue outside simulated respiration road
The cylinder model of structure；The cylinder model is also used as zoning and carries out grid dividing, for assessing respiratory tract model numerical value
The accuracy of calculating.
It, can will be outer the beneficial effects of the present invention are smoke settlement simulation system in respiratory system provided by the invention
Flue-gas temperature in boundary's environment, the particle type of selection, granule density and quantity-particle diameter distribution establish external environment parameters library mould
Block, and the soot dust granule that can be coupled to obtain each region of human respiratory tract through real human body with the respiratory tract model obtained is heavy
Accumulated amount.The present invention is each region flue gas particle sedimentation dosage drawn up by pattern die of real human body respiratory system, to predict cigarette
The indexs of correlation such as personnel's respiratory system degree of injury in compression ring border reduce personnel's respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease provides
Theory support provides scientific basis to carry out Individual protection equitment development, is finally reached the target of protection people's life safety.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the general flow chart of smoke settlement simulation system in respiratory system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the cylinder model of respiratory tract model and periphery of the invention；
Fig. 3 is flue gas chromium amounts of particles-particle diameter distribution in environment provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the cake chart of each regions particulate damage contribution of respiratory system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, smoke settlement simulation system in a kind of respiratory system, including respiratory tract model, CFD analogue simulation cigarette
Aerated particle settling module, model data output module, external environment parameters library module and model data are coupled with environmental parameter
Module；
The respiratory tract model is used to simulate the true respiratory tract for dividing region by physiological structure；
The CFD analogue simulation flue gas particle settling module is used to calculate the particle sedimentation point in each region in respiratory tract model
Number；
The model data output module is for exporting each stroke that CFD analogue simulation flue gas particle settling module is calculated
Subregional particle settles score；
The external environment parameters library module is for providing the flue gas particle parameter of true environment；
The model data and environmental parameter coupling module are used to model data output module obtaining each area of respiratory system
The particle sedimentation score in domain is coupled with the flue gas particle parameter in external environment parameters library module, obtains the area respiratory tract model Nei Ge
The sedimentation dosage in domain；
The respiratory system lesion assessment module is sedimentation dosage and the concentration utilization for each region of respiratory tract model
The breath exposure appraisal procedure for whole respiratory system that Environmental Protection Agency USA proposes, it is non-to obtain each region of respiratory tract model
Risk factor (HQ) index of carcinogenic particle and the lifelong risk of cancer index (ELCR) of carcinogenic particle, assessment respiratory tract model are each
The health risk in region, and then true respiratory tract injury is assessed.
More preferably, as shown in Figure 2, the respiratory tract model is the computed tomography figure by real human body respiratory tract
As being directed into layered identification building in MIMICS software；The region divided by physiological structure includes nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx
Larynx, tracheal bronchus 4 are most of.
More preferably, the calculating process of each particle sedimentation score for dividing region includes: by enough single particle sizes
Flue gas particle discharged near nasal cavity or oral cavity, when flue gas particle moves in respiratory tract, ignore and mutually move between particle, it is false
If particle is spherical shape, it is being less than particle radius with a distance from respiratory tract model wall surface when sucking particle moves in respiratory tract model
When settle, remaining non-deposited particles leaves respiratory tract model from respiratory tract model lower end, it is believed that all particles do not lead to
Cross expiration exhalation；Simultaneously for the characteristics of heat transfer, metabolic heat production, blood are followed in consideration respiratory tissues in respiratory tissues
The influence of ring heat dissipation, and there are the heat interactions heat transfer process such as heat convection for analysis respiratory tract-tissue interface, determine new
Old metabolic heat production, blood circulation heat dissipation, heat interaction process key parameter, establish cover convection current, radiation, evaporation heat transfer heat pass
Equation is passed, particle is moved and generates thermophoretic forces influence.In conjunction with true respiratory tissues flow field characteristic distributions, respiratory tract mould is established
Type flow field adjusts different respiratory flows, breathing pattern, partial size or density granule, respectively at various respiratory flow, breathing mould
CFD calculating is carried out under formula, partial size or density granule；Do not consider intergranular interaction, individual particle mainly by pulling power,
The effect of Saffman power, four kinds of brown force, thermophoretic forces power, movement stress of the individual particle in respiratory tract model flow field is such as
Formula (1)；Formula (1) is movement force bearing formulae of the individual particle in respiratory tract, according to the fortune of formula (1) available particle
The case where dynamic up.The sedimentation of particle is based on respiratory tract inner flew field, it is believed that particle is moved by respiratory tract flow field shadow
It rings, ignores intergranular movement.Particle according to respiratory tract flow field situation move, when contact wall surface if think particle sedimentation,
Final statistics calculates deposition fraction, i.e. formula (2) in the number of each regional subsidence particle.Particle moves in respiratory tract model
When be denoted as and settle when being less than particle radius with a distance from respiratory tract model wall surface, remaining non-deposited particles is from respiratory tract mould
Respiratory tract model is left in type lower end, is denoted as into lung；Nasal cavity, oral cavity, throat, tracheal bronchus in statistics respiratory tract model
4 divide greatly the deposited particles numbers in regions, and the deposited particles number in respiratory tract model is equal to the 4 big deposited particles numbers for dividing regions
Summation, sucking total particle number are the summation of the granule number entered in respiratory tract model by nasal cavity, oral cavity, each division region wall surface
Particle settles the following formula of calculation formula (2) of score (DFp), and the particle sedimentation score of respiratory tract model is equal to 4 big dividing regions
The summation of the particle sedimentation score in domain；
Wherein upIt is particle speed, unit is m/s；T is the time, and unit is s；CcIt is Cunningham corrected parameter, it is immeasurable
Guiding principle；FDIt is unit mass pulling power, unit is m/s2；FSIt is unit mass Saffman power, unit is m/s2；FBIt is unit mass
Brown force, unit are m/s2；FTIt is unit mass thermophoresis force, unit is m/s2。
It settles present invention assumes that all particles enter respiratory tract, does not breathe out.Since the dosage of exhalation is less, and very
More particles enter blood, tissue after entering lung, move towards each organ, so exhalation dosage is ignored.
Building process: choosing typical scene, understands sampling scene concrete condition, sampling site be respectively set two it is uniformly distributed
Sampling station, each sampling station includes an aerosol spectrometer, a Cascade Impactor and thermometer.Aerosol spectrometer pair
The particle of 1.5 meters of height regions is sampled, this Regional Representative's human body respiration area, and measurement a period of time, sampled result obtains respectively
The amounts of particles at time point-particle diameter distribution situation curve；Cascade Impactor is used to measure particle mass concentration, chooses granular mass
Amounts of particles-grading curve when concentration maximum is as representativeIndicate worst environmental aspect；Temperature
Meter obtains the mean temperature in sampling process.The temperature of particle in the true environment of measurement, density, chemical constituent, partial size point
Cloth, the building of concentration distribution characteristic are described for providing particle temperature, type, concentration and the quantity-particle diameter distribution of true environment
External environment parameters library module.Flue-gas temperature is arranged to particle temperature, and particle type corresponds to grain density after choosing, according to scene
Respiratory flow and mode are selected, the corresponding range for calculating partial size of the particle size range in amounts of particles-particle diameter distribution；Granule density is used
In subsequent sedimentation Rapid Dose Calculation and Risk Calculation.
More preferably, the building process of the model data and environmental parameter coupling module includes: that model data is exported mould
The particle sedimentation score that block obtains each region in respiratory tract model is coupled with external environment parameters library flue gas particle parameter, is exhaled
Inhale the sedimentation dosage that road model respectively divides region；Particle settles the following formula of Rapid Dose Calculation formula (3):
Wherein DosemassIt is respiratory tract model endoparticle sedimentation dosage, unit is μ g；DFpIt is each region in respiratory tract model
Particle settle score, unit is %；ρpIt is grain density, unit is g/cm3；dpIt is grain diameter, unit is nm,It is to calculate grain diameter section；(t1,t2) it is the time interval calculated, unit is s；It is cigarette in environment
Aerated particle quantity particle diameter distribution, unit are #/cm3·nm；It is the position vector for measuring flue gas particle in environment, unit is m；Q
It is respiratory flow, unit is L/min.
More preferably, the tracheal bronchus periphery of the respiratory tract model is equipped with a circle as institutional framework outside simulated respiration road
Cylinder model；The cylinder model is also used as zoning and carries out grid dividing, by assessing based on respiratory tract model numerical value
The accuracy of calculation.
CT scan image is imported into MIMICS software, is identified by layering, obtains the reconstruction of the true respiratory tract model of human body.
After respiratory tract model is smoothly modified, it is divided into nasal cavity, oral cavity, throat, 4 major part of tracheal bronchus, is not weighed below bronchus
It builds and partly belongs to lung, lung can be divided into left lung and right lung again.The cylinder model of 3cm is added outside tracheae, indicates breathing
Institutional framework outside road.It is laid with tetrahedron and prism body fitted anisotropic mesh in respiratory tract model, grid has independence.
The breathing pattern of consideration is that mouth and nose breathe together, it is believed that people is in without motion state, respiratory flow 18L/min.
The selection of external environment parameters library in the measurement of bus stop includes to flue gas particle temperature, chemical constituent, grain in embodiment
The experimental datas such as diameter distribution, concentration distribution.There are chromium, arsenic, manganese, nickel etc. to the biggish metallic particles of body effect by breathing, six
Valence chromium is specific harmful element, it can by alimentary canal, respiratory tract, skin and mucous membrane invade human body, by respiratory tract into
Enter human body then easily accumulates in lung, because it has strong oxidizing property, when invading human body through respiratory tract, can encroach on the upper respiratory tract, cause
Rhinitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis, bronchitis.The present invention selects chromium (Cr) element as research object, density 7.19g/cm3,
In the chromium amounts of particles particle diameter distribution that environment is surveyed as shown in figure 3, Fig. 3 is obtained from foreign literature, bus stop is located at new
Add National Museum of Natural History before the national university of slope.Vehicular traffic (truck, vapour on manual calculations short distance lane and other lanes
Vehicle and bus) quantity.It is shared by five university's shuttle bus services and two public bus services bus stop.Magnitude of traffic flow base
This stabilization, 0.3 truck per minute, 4.2 automobiles per minute, 0.9 bus per minute.It is nearly all on short distance lane
Passing bus (95%) has all carried out stopping start-up course in bus stop, at two samplings stations of setting at 1 meter of roadside, in public affairs
The both ends (front and rear) at station are handed over to separate 8 meters.Each station includes an aerosol spectrometer, to the particle of 1.5 meters of height
It is sampled, represents sampling human body respiration area.Cascade Impactor is placed on next stop to measure particle mass concentration.
Embodiment 1
CT scan image is imported into MIMICS software, is identified by layering, obtains the nose in the true respiratory tract model of human body
Cavity portion model；The force bearing formulae such as formula (1) that flue gas particle moves in respiratory tract model；Nasal cavity portion particle settles score (DFp)
Equal to nasal cavity portion model wall surface sedimented particle number divided by the total particle number inside sucking respiratory tract model, such as formula (2).
Particle sedimentation score in nasal cavity portion is coupled with external environment parameters library flue gas particle parameter by formula (3), is obtained
To the sedimentation dosage in nasal cavity portion；Think that people can stop 20min in bus stop daily, to obtain chromium in nasal cavity portion particle
Sedimentation dosage is 0.94ng.
The present embodiment is smoke settlement simulation system in nasal cavity.
Embodiment 2
CT scan image is imported into MIMICS software, is identified by layering, obtains the mouth in the true respiratory tract model of human body
Cavity portion model；The force bearing formulae such as formula (1) that flue gas particle moves in respiratory tract model；Oral cavity portion particle settles score (DFp)
Equal to oral cavity portion model wall surface sedimented particle number divided by the total particle number inside sucking respiratory tract model.
Particle sedimentation score in oral cavity portion is coupled with external environment parameters library flue gas particle parameter by formula (3), is obtained
To the sedimentation dosage in oral cavity portion；Think that people can stop 20min in bus stop daily, to obtain chromium in oral cavity portion particle
Sedimentation dosage is 0.38ng.
The present embodiment is smoke settlement simulation system in oral cavity.
Embodiment 3
CT scan image is imported into MIMICS software, is identified by layering, obtains the pharynx in the true respiratory tract model of human body
Throat's model；The force bearing formulae such as formula (1) that flue gas particle moves in respiratory tract model；Bottleneck throat particle settles score (DFp)
Equal to bottleneck throat model wall surface sedimented particle number divided by the total particle number inside sucking respiratory tract model, such as formula (2).
Bottleneck throat particle sedimentation score is coupled with external environment parameters library flue gas particle parameter by formula (3), is obtained
To the sedimentation dosage of bottleneck throat；Think that people can stop 20min in bus stop daily, to obtain chromium in bottleneck throat particle
Sedimentation dosage is 1.54ng.
The present embodiment is smoke settlement simulation system in throat.
Embodiment 4
CT scan image is imported into MIMICS software, is identified by layering, obtains the gas in the true respiratory tract model of human body
Pipe portion model；The force bearing formulae such as formula (1) that flue gas particle moves in respiratory tract model；Tracheae portion particle settles score (DFp)
Equal to tracheae portion model wall surface sedimented particle number divided by the total particle number inside sucking respiratory tract model, such as formula (2).
Particle sedimentation score in tracheae portion is coupled with external environment parameters library flue gas particle parameter by formula (3), is obtained
To the sedimentation dosage in tracheae portion；Think that people can stop 20min in bus stop daily, to obtain chromium in tracheae portion particle
Sedimentation dosage is 0.18ng.
The present embodiment is intratracheal smoke settlement simulation system.
Embodiment 5
CT scan image is imported into MIMICS software, is identified by layering, obtains the branch in the true respiratory tract model of human body
Tracheae portion model；The force bearing formulae such as formula (1) that flue gas particle moves in respiratory tract model；Bronchus portion particle settles score
(DFp) it is equal to bronchus portion model wall surface sedimented particle number divided by the total particle number inside sucking respiratory tract model, such as formula
(2).Bronchus is located at the inside of lung, in the flue gas particle that bronchus portion does not settle, leaves respiratory tract model from lower end, and
Regard as and enter in alveolar, the sedimentation score in bronchus portion, which adds, enters the particle that the alveolar summation for settling score is equal to lung
Settle score；In addition, bronchus can also be divided into left pulmonary branches tracheae and right lung bronchus, the sedimentation score in left pulmonary branches tracheae portion is added
It is equal to the particle sedimentation score of left lung into the summation of the alveolar sedimentation score of left part；The sedimentation score in right lung bronchus portion
In addition the particle that the summation for entering the alveolar sedimentation score of right part is equal to right lung portion settles score.
Lung's particle sedimentation score is coupled with external environment parameters library flue gas particle parameter by formula (3), respectively
Obtain the sedimentation dosage of entire lung and the sedimentation dosage of left and right lung；Think that people can stop 20min in bus stop daily,
It is 15.11ng to obtain chromium in lung's particle sedimentation dosage；The sedimentation dosage of left lung is 5.97ng, the sedimentation agent of right lung
Amount is 9.14ng.
The present embodiment is smoke settlement simulation system in lung.
Embodiment 6
CT scan image is imported into MIMICS software, is identified by layering, obtains the true respiratory tract model of human body；Respiratory tract
The force bearing formulae such as formula (1) that flue gas particle moves in model；Sedimentation score (DFp) in entire respiratory tract model is equal to breathing
It is big to be also equal to formula (2) obtains 4 divided by the total particle number inside sucking respiratory tract model for road model wall surface sedimented particle number
The summation of subregional particle sedimentation score.
The particle sedimentation score of respiratory tract model is passed through into formula (3) phase coupling with external environment parameters library flue gas particle parameter
It closes, obtains the sedimentation dosage in respiratory tract model；Think that people can stop 20min in bus stop daily, to obtain chromium
It is 3.04ng in respiratory tract model endoparticle sedimentation dosage.
The present embodiment is smoke settlement simulation system in respiratory tract.
To sum up embodiment 1-6 is obtained, and the particle sedimentation dosage of entire respiratory system is 18.15ng.Each subregional sedimentation
Dosage is as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1
Sedimentation dosage and concentration for each region of respiratory tract model are using Environmental Protection Agency USA's proposition for whole
The breath exposure appraisal procedure of body respiratory system obtains the risk factor of respiratory tract model Yu each region non-carcinogenic particle of lung
(HQ) the lifelong risk of cancer index (ELCR) of index and carcinogenic particle assesses the health risk in each region of respiratory system, in turn
The damage of true respiratory system is assessed.By in above embodiments 1-5 under the scene of bus stop, it is believed that personnel have every year
It takes bus within 300 days, takes 30 years, so that the risk factor (HQ) that each region non-carcinogenic particle of respiratory system is calculated refers to
Several and carcinogenic particle lifelong risk of cancer index (ELCR), wherein the upper limit of risk factor and lifelong risk of cancer index is distinguished
For 1 and 1 × 10-6.Specific value is as shown in table 2:
Table 2
Lung can be divided into left lung and right lung again, and the risk factor of left lung is 1.89E-03, and lifelong risk of cancer is
6.82E-06；The risk factor of right lung is 2.90E-03, and lifelong risk of cancer is 1.04E-05.Risk factor and lifelong cancer wind
The upper limit of dangerous index is respectively 1 and 1 × 10-6, chromium respiratory system, nasal cavity, throat, left lung, right lung portion lifelong cancer
Risk index is more than upper limit value, has very maximum probability to lead to cancer；It is wherein maximum a possibility that lung generates cancer.In public transport
Stand under scene, respiratory system each position particle damage contribution by each position risk factor/risk of cancer Zhan total throughout one's life breathing
Obtained by the damage percentage contribution of risk in system, each position risk factor/lifelong risk of cancer is divided by total breathing system
The percentage of damage contribution is calculated as shown in figure 4, as seen from the figure, it is several to suffer from cancer in risk factor/lifelong risk of cancer in system
Rate and damage possibility are arranged successively from big to small as right lung, left lung, throat, nasal cavity, oral cavity, tracheal bronchus, present invention use
In predicting personnel's respiratory system particle sedimentation degree of impairment under flue gas environment, provided for the health and safety situation of support personnel
Technical support.
Smoke settlement simulation system in respiratory system provided by the invention, by flue gas particle chemical constituent, concentration in environment
It is distributed in substitution system, obtains each region flue gas particle sedimentation dosage in real human body respiratory system, and to respiratory system region
Health risk is assessed.Predict the indexs of correlation such as personnel's respiratory system degree of injury in flue gas environment, personnel exhale for reduction
Desorption system disease, cardiovascular disease provide theory support, provide scientific basis to carry out Individual protection equitment development, are finally reached
Protect the target of people's life safety.
Embodiment of above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although referring to aforementioned implementation
Invention is explained in detail for mode, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to aforementioned each
Technical solution documented by embodiment is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these are repaired
Change or replaces, the spirit and scope for each embodiment technical solution of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (8)
1. smoke settlement simulation system in a kind of respiratory system, it is characterised in that: including respiratory tract model, CFD analogue simulation cigarette
Aerated particle settling module, model data output module, external environment parameters library module and model data are coupled with environmental parameter
Module；
The respiratory tract model is used to simulate the true respiratory tract for dividing region by physiological structure；
The CFD analogue simulation flue gas particle settling module is used to calculate the particle sedimentation score in each region in respiratory tract model；
The model data output module is for exporting each dividing regions that CFD analogue simulation flue gas particle settling module is calculated
The particle in domain settles score；
The external environment parameters library module is for providing the flue gas particle parameter of true environment；
The model data and environmental parameter coupling module are used to model data output module obtaining the area respiratory tract model Nei Ge
The particle sedimentation score in domain is coupled with the flue gas particle parameter in external environment parameters library module, obtains the area respiratory tract model Nei Ge
The sedimentation dosage in domain.
2. smoke settlement simulation system in respiratory system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the respiratory tract model
It is that layered identification building in MIMICS software is directed by the computed tomography images of real human body respiratory tract；By life
The region that reason structure divides includes nasal cavity, oral cavity, throat, 4 major part of tracheal bronchus.
3. smoke settlement simulation system in respiratory system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that each division region
The calculating process of particle sedimentation score include: to establish respiratory tract model in conjunction with true respiratory tissues flow field characteristic distributions
Flow field, adjustment relevant parameter carry out CFD calculating；Do not consider intergranular interaction, individual particle mainly by pulling power,
The effect of Saffman power, four kinds of brown force, thermophoretic forces power, movement stress of the individual particle in respiratory tract model flow field is such as
Formula (1)；Hair is denoted as when being less than particle radius with a distance from respiratory tract model wall surface when particle moves in respiratory tract model
Raw sedimentation, remaining non-deposited particles leave respiratory tract model from respiratory tract model lower end, are denoted as into lung；Count respiratory tract mould
Nasal cavity, oral cavity, throat, tracheal bronchus 4 in type divide greatly the deposited particles number in region, the deposited particles in respiratory tract model
Number is equal to the summation of the 4 big deposited particles numbers for dividing region, and sucking total particle number is to be entered in respiratory tract model by nasal cavity, oral cavity
Granule number summation, the following formula of calculation formula (2) of each particle sedimentation score (DFp) for dividing region wall surface, respiratory tract
The particle sedimentation score of model is equal to the summation of the 4 big particle sedimentation scores for dividing region；
Wherein upIt is particle speed, unit is m/s；T is the time, and unit is s；CcIt is Cunningham corrected parameter, dimensionless；
FDIt is unit mass pulling power, unit is m/s2；FSIt is unit mass Saffman power, unit is m/s2；FBIt is unit mass Blang
Power, unit are m/s2；FTIt is unit mass thermophoresis force, unit is m/s2。
4. smoke settlement simulation system in respiratory system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in measurement true environment
Particle temperature, chemical constituent, density, particle diameter distribution, concentration distribution characteristic, construct for providing the particle temperature of true environment
Degree, type, concentration and quantity-particle diameter distribution external environment parameters library module.
5. smoke settlement simulation system in respiratory system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the model data with
The building process of environmental parameter coupling module includes: that model data output module is obtained the particle in each region in respiratory tract model
Sedimentation score is coupled with external environment parameters library flue gas particle parameter, obtains the sedimentation dosage that respiratory tract model respectively divides region；
Particle settles the following formula of Rapid Dose Calculation formula (3):
Wherein DosemassIt is respiratory tract model endoparticle sedimentation dosage, unit is μ g；(t1,t2) it is the time interval calculated, it is single
Position is s；It is to calculate grain diameter section；ρpIt is grain density, unit is g/cm3；dpIt is grain diameter, unit is
nm；It is that flue gas particle quantity-particle diameter distribution, unit are #/cm in environment3Nm,It is flue gas particle in environment
Position vector, unit are m, and t is time, unit s；DFpIt is the particle sedimentation score in each region in respiratory tract model, unit
It is %；Q is respiratory flow, and unit is L/min；d(dp) it is dpDifferential.
6. smoke settlement simulation system in respiratory system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the respiratory tract model
Tracheal bronchus periphery be equipped with a cylinder model of the circle as institutional framework outside simulated respiration road；The cylinder model also conduct
Zoning simultaneously carries out grid dividing, for assessing the accuracy of respiratory tract model numerical value calculating.
7. smoke settlement simulation system in respiratory system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described's
Obtain method are as follows: two sampling stations are respectively set in sampling site, and each sampling station is hit including an aerosol spectrometer, a cascade
Hit device and thermometer；Aerosol spectrometer is sampled the particle in certain height region, this Regional Representative's human body respiration area, surveys
Setting time is measured, sampled result obtains the amounts of particles-particle diameter distribution situation curve at each time point；Cascade Impactor is used to measure
Particle mass concentration, amounts of particles-grading curve when choosing particle mass concentration maximum, which is used as, to be represented
8. smoke settlement simulation system in respiratory system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the progress CFD meter
The relevant parameter for calculating adjustment is respiratory flow, breathing pattern, partial size or density granule.
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