CN109583892A - A kind of random number selecting method in block chain - Google Patents
A kind of random number selecting method in block chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the random number selecting methods in a kind of block chain, include the following steps: the selection of n value;Trigger generating random number process;The verifying of fruiting area block number;The selection of block cryptographic Hash;Generate seed;The acquisition of random number r.The present invention chooses generating source of the continuous block cryptographic Hash as random number from block chain, it avoids and a cryptographic Hash bring is only taken to play tricks behavior, compared to existing implementation, centralization suspicion is avoided, the present invention does not depend on third party's assistance, therefore implements simple and convenient, user can be made preferably to be experienced, during block cryptographic Hash is changed into random number in invention, random number is evenly distributed in selected range, ensure that the fairness that random number is chosen.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the random number selecting methods in block chain technical field more particularly to a kind of block chain.
Background technique
Block chain technology is increasingly burning hot recently, and from the angle of technology, what various block chain technologies were realized is all one
A decentralization, or perhaps distributed Database Systems.The characteristics of system be have many respectively with all over the world
Node, each node can safeguard a set of identical database.Which results in malice altered data is extremely difficult, data are lost
It loses extremely rare, so that it is transparent to realize a justice, solves the platform of trust crisis.
Block chain be it is programmable, almost can be with for newest block chain realizes such as Ethereum or EOS
Write code (being known as " contract " in the world of block chain) Lai Jilu anything.But the characteristics of due to block chain technology itself,
Have some operations and implement relatively difficult, what the present invention discussed one of is exactly --- the selection of random number.
Common platform seems PC or server, and the random number acquisition modes that they take are counted according to built-in algorithm
A pseudo random number is calculated, but this method is unworkable in the world of block chain.As aforesaid, the technology of block chain relates to
And global countless nodes have been arrived, each node is in order to keep data consistency, must be requested that the execution knot of same section of code
Fruit in oneself node as in the implementing result of other nodes, if being related to random process among these, should
Conclusion then cannot be guaranteed.In other words, in the world of block chain, need to find a kind of mode, before making to generate random number, greatly
Family cannot all predict this random number (accomplishing random).But each node for being in together in system, they take with
Machine result will unanimously (accomplishing to determine).Proposed by the present invention is exactly a kind of choosing method for meeting above-mentioned rule.
Block in block chain technology is for being packaged transaction, can include several transaction in each block, and each area
Block also has a unique identification (obtaining by hash algorithm).This mark is, transaction change relevant to the transaction inside the block
Then identify change.Since the transaction in reality occurs in the content and sender all over the world, being related to be even more to disregard it
Number.Thus it will be seen that the transaction content for including in some specific block will be random, block as a result,
Unique identification also can be random.The present invention is exactly the selection of Lai Shixian random number based on this feature.
Two kinds of existing schemes for choosing random number are described below:
A, external data scheme is accessed
The representative of this scheme is the Oraclize in Ethereum.It provides a bridge, makes on chain contract can be with
It is interacted with internet, so as to get some random data, including weather, the exchange rate, stock price even cosmic microwave
Background radiation etc., and random number is generated in this, as stochastic source.
B, it " votes, make known " scheme
The Technical White Paper for ××× description of Randao is exactly this scheme.His realization is divided into two stages, respectively votes
Stage and the stage of making known.When someone needs to obtain random number, it can send out application to contract on a specific chain, and
And enclose service charge.At this moment the contract can enter " ballot " stage, and at this stage, contract can be inhaled with obtained service charge
Draw some generating random number persons to assist to generate random number.Specific method is exactly that each collaborationist is locally generated one at random
Number, takes its cryptographic Hash, is submitted in contract.In " making known " stage, the collaborationist participated in front of sends most to identical contract again
The random number just generated, contract can verify whether collaborationist plays tricks by taking Hash.If do not played tricks, this random number meeting
It is recorded as one of random seed.Finally, contract can carry out a series of according to legal seed after all collaborationists are made known
Operation obtains final random number, and returns to initial caller.
Since the shortcomings that A scheme, is it is clear that the pursuit of block chain is decentralization and trust, then there is a center machine
Structure come be responsible for generate random number be obviously improper.In A scheme, no matter passes through or network acquisition is weather data or stock
Data, all not can guarantee data source will not play tricks because of interests.Although choose data source may enough authority and with
Machine number is produced without interests entanglement, although proposing various verifying measures in scheme, this cannot all ensure fairness completely.
Because of it is finally relied on an or authoritative institution, rather than a kind of algorithm of determination.
B scheme is exactly to come into being to solve the problems, such as A scheme.It generates step by strictly limitation random number
Form a kind of algorithm, making it, logically just there is no the possibility faked.But its shortcomings that, is also quite obvious, that is, too
It is complicated.The generation of one random number needs to use service charge, and it also requires the collaborationist of a pile cooperates.B scheme
Guardian will also ensure that its motivator can attract at any time and carry out a certain number of collaborationists, and otherwise this scheme can not just carry out
Go down.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome problem above of the existing technology, the random number choosing in a kind of block chain is provided
Method is taken, generating source of the continuous block cryptographic Hash as random number is chosen from block chain, avoids and only takes a cryptographic Hash
When possible behavior of playing tricks, avoid centralization suspicion, and do not depend on third party's assistance, implement simple side
Just.
To realize above-mentioned technical purpose and the technique effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of random number selecting method in block chain, includes the following steps:
The selection of S1, n value: user enters block chain, according to the business needs of oneself, chooses a suitable positive integer
N is recorded and is provided that the block number for being currently located block is beginning block Bn0, it is specified that the block number of available final result is
Whole block Bne, and set whole block BneFor beginning block Bn0N block number after;
S2 triggers generating random number process: wait and generate n block on block chain, (n+1)th block of generation when
It waits, initiates transaction, external call contract-defined interface, to trigger the process for generating random number r;
The verifying of fruiting area block number: S3 judges current exchange in the whole block Bn of block by contracteWith selection n
When where block beginning block Bn0Difference whether be greater than n;If it is, being verified, S4 is entered step, if it is not, then testing
Card failure, return step S2;
The selection of block cryptographic Hash: S4 from current exchange is in a upper block for block, continuously chooses n block
Cryptographic Hash hi, respectively h1、h2、h3…hn;
S5 generates seed: from currently providing the exchange of result in the previous block of block, the n company got
Continuous cryptographic Hash hiGeneration seed S, S=f (... f (f (f (h1,h2),h3),…hn);
The acquisition of random number r: S6 chooses a random integers N, seed S obtained in recycle step S6 is to random whole
Number N complementations, i.e. r=S mod N, final r be section [0, N) integer random number.
Further, the n value in the step S1 is that the value of 1 to 256, n is bigger, and the random number of acquisition is by malice
The probability of control is smaller, and the value of n cannot be infinitely great, and one side n is bigger, and the time for needing to wait is longer, cause to experience it is very poor,
On the other hand because the code in contract cannot obtain the cryptographic Hash of all blocks from wound generation block till now substantially.
Further, the cryptographic Hash h in the step S4iIt is one 256 binary numbers, is shown generically as one 64
16 system numbers of position, cryptographic Hash hiIt is the unique identification of the block obtained by hash algorithm, cryptographic Hash hiIt is handed over the inside of block
Easily related, transaction becomes then cryptographic Hash hiBecome, the insider transaction of block is random, therefore cryptographic Hash hiIt is random.
Further, the f in the step S5 is XOR operation, and code is expressed as:
Bytes32hash=blockhash (block.number-1);
For (uint i=2;I≤n;I++) { hash^=blockhash (block.number-i);, hash is to breathe out
Uncommon value, blockhash are block cryptographic Hash, and block.number is block number, and n is the positive integer chosen in step S1, due to
The cryptographic Hash h of each blockiIt is completely random, therefore seed S is also random.
Further, the seed S in the step S6 needs first to be changed into unsigned int by force, then to N complementation, complementation code
Are as follows: uint random=uint (S) %N, be distributed in [0, N) between random number r.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention chooses generating source of the continuous block cryptographic Hash as random number from block chain, avoids and only takes one
The behavior of playing tricks of a cryptographic Hash bring compared to existing implementation avoids centralization suspicion;
2, the present invention does not depend on third party's assistance, therefore implements simple and convenient, and user can be made to obtain preferably
Experience;
3, for the present invention during block cryptographic Hash is changed into random number, random number is average in selected range
Distribution, it ensure that the fairness that random number is chosen.
Detailed description of the invention
The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, constitutes part of this application, this hair
Bright illustrative embodiments and their description are used to explain the present invention, and are not constituted improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention;
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Random number selecting method in a kind of block chain as shown in Figure 1, includes the following steps:
Step 1, the selection of n value: user enters block chain, first according to the business needs of oneself, chooses one properly
Positive integer n, the block number for recording and provide to be currently located block is beginning block Bn0, it is specified that available final result
Block number is whole block Bne, and set whole block BneFor beginning block Bn0N block number after.From the realization of block chain
For principle, the value of n is bigger, and the probability that the random number of acquisition is maliciously controlled is smaller, if n takes 1, then random number will
1 nearest block finally is provided by distance results to determine, at this time, if some miner just has the excavation of this block
Power, then he can full powers control the generation of this random number, although the miner has largely with demand random number
Contract does not have interest relations, but this point does not ensure that, if the contract of demand random number, which is just one, is similar to lottery ticket
Contract is announced the winners in a lottery then this miner can control as a result, maximizing to make oneself be benefited;When n value becomes larger, with
The final result of machine number is related with the cryptographic Hash of nearest continuous n block, is equally above example, and miner needs continuously to obtain
The digging mineral rights for obtaining nearest n block just can control final result, this substantially can not in the digging mine algorithm design of block chain
Occur, it is ensured that result will not maliciously be intervened, but the value of n can not be infinitely great, and one side n is bigger, needs
To time it is longer, n will lead to greatly very much experience it is very poor, on the other hand because contract in code cannot be obtained substantially from the area Chuan Shi
The cryptographic Hash of all blocks of block till now, as that can only obtain 256 in Ethereum, therefore its value can only 1 be arrived
256。
Step 2 triggers generating random number process: waiting and generates n block on block chain, is generating (n+1)th block
When, transaction, external call contract-defined interface are initiated, to trigger the process for generating random number r.
The verifying of fruiting area block number: step 3 judges current exchange in the whole block Bn of block by contracteWith choosing
The beginning block Bn of place block when taking n0Difference whether be greater than n;If it is, being verified, S4 is entered step, if not,
Then authentication failed, return step S2.
Step 4, the selection of block cryptographic Hash: continuous to choose n from current exchange is in a upper block for block
The cryptographic Hash h of blocki, respectively h1、h2、h3…hn, cryptographic Hash hiIt is one 256 binary numbers, is shown generically as one
64 16 system numbers, cryptographic Hash hiIt is the unique identification of the block obtained by hash algorithm, cryptographic Hash hiWith the inside of block
Transaction is related, and transaction becomes then cryptographic Hash hiBecome, the insider transaction of block is random, therefore cryptographic Hash hiIt is random.
Step 5 generates seed: from currently providing the exchange of result in the previous block of block, the n got
A continuous cryptographic Hash hiGeneration seed S, S=f (... f (f (f (h1,h2),h3),…hn), f is XOR operation, and code indicates
Are as follows:
Bytes32hash=blockhash (block.number-1);
For (uint i=2;I≤n;I++) { hash^=blockhash (block.number-i);, hash is to breathe out
Uncommon value, blockhash are block cryptographic Hash, and block.number is block number, and n is the positive integer chosen in step 1, each
The cryptographic Hash h of blockiIt is completely random, therefore seed S is also random.
Step 6, the acquisition of random number r: choosing a random integers N, seed S obtained in recycle step S6 to
Machine Integer N complementation, i.e. r=S mod N, final r be section [0, N) integer random number, seed S needs first be changed into no symbol by force
Integer, then to N complementation;Subsequent operation need to be determined according to the range of the random number taken, if what is taken here is one 0
~9 random number, it is only necessary to seed S be changed by force unsigned int, then to 10 complementations, code are as follows:
Uint8random=uint8 (uint256 (S) %10), the random number that this mode is got is in the range of 0~9
Approximation is evenly distributed, and the cryptographic Hash of each block is completely random, therefore is obtained after taking XOR to multiple cryptographic Hash step-by-steps
Seed be also random, if it is changed into unsigned int by force, be equivalent to have obtained one and be evenly distributed in [0,2256)
Between integer, due to 2256It is very big, be equivalent to behind 1 77 0, therefore in 0~9 obtained each number probability of occurrence
As being approximately, about every 1076The deviation that just will appear 1 time in secondary selection, can be ignored completely;If N is approached
In 2256, then deviation ratio will increase, but this numerical value is very big fortunately, it usually will not often use, the selection for N,
User voluntarily judges according to the service logic of oneself;For needing very big N or needs to take with decimal really
When random number, the method for fractionation can be used to be chosen, for example, choosing in the non-integer random number for retaining two-decimal
In, number can be divided into integer part and fractional part, then find out integer part and fractional part with above-mentioned steps respectively
Then random number combines again together, in another example, during the selection of super large random number, random number can be divided into every m
A digital one group, random number, last recombinant then are taken with above-mentioned process to each group;Since subsequent processing method is different,
The range for obtaining final random number is also different, and user completely can designed, designed choosing method according to their own needs.
In the description of this specification, the description of reference term " one embodiment ", " example ", " specific example " etc. means
Particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with this embodiment or example are contained at least one implementation of the invention
In example or example.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms may not refer to the same embodiment or example.
Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in any one or more of the embodiments or examples to close
Suitable mode combines.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (5)
1. the random number selecting method in a kind of block chain, which comprises the steps of:
The selection of S1, n value: user enters block chain, chooses a positive integer n, records and provides the area for being currently located block
Block number is beginning block Bn0, it is specified that the block number for obtaining final result is whole block Bne, and set whole block BneTo begin
Block Bn0N block number after;
S2 triggers generating random number process: it waits and generates n block on block chain, when generating (n+1)th block, and hair
Transaction, external call contract-defined interface are played, triggering generates the process of random number r;
The verifying of fruiting area block number: S3 judges current exchange in the whole block Bn of block by contracteWith place when choosing n
The beginning block Bn of block0Difference whether be greater than n;If it is, being verified, S4 is entered step, if it is not, then verifying is lost
It loses, return step S2;
The selection of block cryptographic Hash: S4 from current exchange is in a upper block for block, continuously chooses the Kazakhstan of n block
Uncommon value hi, respectively h1、h2、h3…hn;
S5 generates seed: continuous the n got from currently providing the exchange of result in the previous block of block
Cryptographic Hash hiGeneration seed S, S=f (... f (f (f (h1,h2),h3),…hn);
S6, the acquisition of random number r: choosing a random integers N, and seed S obtained in recycle step S5 seeks random integers N
It is remaining, i.e. r=S mod N, final r be section [0, N) integer random number.
2. the random number selecting method in a kind of block chain according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S1
The value of n is 1 to 256.
3. the random number selecting method in a kind of block chain according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S4
Cryptographic Hash hiIt is one 256 binary numbers.
4. the random number selecting method in a kind of block chain according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S5
F be XOR operation, code is expressed as:
Bytes32 hash=blockhash (block.number-1);
For (uint i=2;I≤n;I++) { hash^=blockhash (block.number-i);,
Hash is cryptographic Hash, and blockhash is block cryptographic Hash, and block.number is block number, and n is to choose in step S1
Positive integer.
5. the random number selecting method in a kind of block chain according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: by the step S6
In seed S change into unsigned int by force, then to N complementation, complementation code are as follows: uint random=uint (S) %N is divided
Cloth [0, N) between random number r.
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