CN109583131B - Optimization design method for surface microstructure size parameter with drag reduction effect - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a design method of a surface modification technology, in particular to an optimization design method of a surface microstructure size parameter with a drag reduction effect, which comprises the following steps: (1) modeling: establishing a fluid model on the surface of the microstructure by using Icem, cad and Caxa software, and reflecting the dimensional parameters of the microstructure into the fluid model; (2) meshing: opening the fluid model on the microstructure surface established in the step (1) in an Icem module of Ansys and dividing grids to obtain a mesh file; (3) solving operation: opening the mesh file obtained in the step (2) at the Fluent module, selecting a calculation model, applying boundary conditions, and obtaining a case file through calculation and solution; (4) deriving data: performing post-processing operation on the case file obtained in the step (3), and outputting data of speed and pressure at key points to reflect the drag reduction effect; (5) optimizing parameters: and (3) analyzing the data obtained in the step (4), and comparing a plurality of groups of data to obtain a microstructure surface drag reduction rule.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a design method of a surface modification technology, in particular to an optimization design method of a surface microstructure size parameter with a drag reduction effect.
Background
In nature, lotus leaves rolling water droplets, cicada wings agglomerating dew, shuttles like flying sharks, which like we show an odd surface infiltration phenomenon. This uniquely wettable surface has a contact angle with water of greater than 150 ° and a roll angle of less than 10 °, and is referred to as a superhydrophobic surface. A large number of researches show that the super-hydrophobic surface has good drag reduction effect, and can be applied to industries such as marine transportation, medical equipment, pipeline transportation and the like. For example, the superhydrophobic technology is applied to ships and submarines, so that the running speed of the aircraft can be effectively improved, and the use of energy sources is reduced; the super-hydrophobic surface is prepared on the mechanical heart valve and the artificial cardiovascular stent, so that the generation of coagulation phenomenon can be avoided, the use of anticoagulant drugs is reduced, the damage of the drugs to human bodies is avoided, and the pollution of the produced drugs to nature is reduced; the super-hydrophobic microstructure is built in the oil pipeline, so that the transportation efficiency of petroleum can be improved, the power of a pump station and the energy loss in the transportation process are reduced, and the energy is saved. Therefore, the super-hydrophobic technology can effectively reduce the energy consumption, reduce the pollution to the environment and is very fit with the concept of green production.
At present, the optimal design of the superhydrophobic drag reduction surface is generally prepared by preparing a sample through experiments, testing drag reduction performance, and modifying parameters to continue the experiment. The optimization design method has long period and high cost, can not ensure that the optimal parameter interval can be found, and is not suitable for the research and development design of products. The flow field distribution condition of the microstructure surface is simulated by adopting a Fluent numerical simulation mode, so that the drag reduction effect of the observation surface can be clearly seen, and the drag reduction rates of different microstructure surfaces can be represented by detailed numerical values. The optimal parameter interval can be quickly found by changing the size of the microstructure surface to carry out calculation solution, so that the time and cost of optimal design are effectively shortened, and the method is suitable for product research and development of enterprises.
The current Chinese patent application number is CN200910264029.X, which discloses a fluid boundary control-based quantitative measurement method for fluid slippage on a super-hydrophobic surface, wherein the prepared super-hydrophobic surface is clamped on a rheological test platform to perform rheological test operation, the fluid on the smooth hydrophobic surface is subjected to rheological test operation under the same test condition, the torque applied to a clamp when the fluid is at the same shear rate under the two conditions is obtained, and the slippage length is calculated according to the measured torque, and is sequentially used as a method for measuring the drag reduction effect. Patent application number CN201110396837.9 discloses a drag-reducing superhydrophobic coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the prepared superhydrophobic surface slides in a water tank, and the time required for sliding is calculated, so that the drag-reducing effect of the surface is judged. Patent application number CN201510854390.3 discloses a preparation and application of a long-acting drag reduction coating, drag reduction rates of superhydrophobic surfaces obtained by comparing and analyzing different fluid speeds and different process parameters are compared, and optimal process parameters are found. For example, patent application number CN201610256387.6 discloses a method for preparing a bionic super-hydrophobic surface and drag reduction, which is to prepare the super-hydrophobic surface by corroding and modifying copper balls, and then shoot super-cavitation phenomenon of the super-hydrophobic surface after water is introduced by using a high-definition camera to show the drag reduction effect, and the method is used as a standard of an optimal design method. The patent with the application number of CN201810358024.2 discloses a wall turbulence resistance testing method of a surface groove structure, a plurality of samples are prepared, a sliding block provided with the samples is driven by an object with a force sensor, a high-speed camera and the force sensor record the traction force value in the lifting process of the sliding block, a change curve of traction force and time is obtained, and the drag reduction effect is tested.
The above methods can all obtain a surface with better drag reduction effect by continuously experimental optimizing microstructure parameters, but have certain problems such as long preparation time, high cost, low efficiency of optimizing process parameters, and the like. Therefore, the method for optimizing the design of the superhydrophobic microstructure surface is particularly important, and the method is simple, low in cost and high in efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the optimal design method for the surface microstructure size parameter with the drag reduction effect, which can effectively solve the defects of long optimal design period, high cost, complex process route and difficulty in obtaining an optimal parameter interval of the super-hydrophobic drag reduction surface microstructure.
In order to achieve the technical aim, the technical scheme of the invention is that the optimization design method of the surface microstructure size parameter with the drag reduction effect comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) establishing a model: establishing a fluid model on the surface of the microstructure by using Icem, cad and Caxa software, and reflecting the dimensional parameters of the microstructure into the fluid model;
(2) Dividing grids: opening the fluid model on the microstructure surface established in the step (1) in an Icem module of Ansys and dividing grids to obtain a mesh file;
(3) Solving operation: opening the mesh file obtained in the step (2) at the Fluent module, selecting a calculation model, applying boundary conditions, and obtaining a case file through calculation and solution;
(4) Export data: performing post-processing operation on the case file obtained in the step (3), and outputting data of speed and pressure at key points to reflect the drag reduction effect;
(5) Optimizing parameters: and (3) analyzing the data obtained in the step (4), comparing a plurality of groups of data to obtain a microstructure surface drag reduction rule, optimizing model parameters, and continuing to solve until an optimal parameter interval is found.
Preferably, the modeling in the step (1) is a fluid model of the microstructure surface constructed by using Cad, caxa, icem drawing software, and the microstructure size can be adjusted in the model.
Preferably, grid division in the step (2) needs to define an entrance and a wall part of a model, the model is built and divided into blocks, each microstructure needs to be divided into an independent block, encryption processing is carried out on grids on the near wall, grid density Spacing is set to be 0.0001, growth rate Ratio is 1.2, high-quality grids are ensured to be output, calculation accuracy is ensured, and the type of the output mesh file is selected to be 2d.
Preferably, the calculation model used in the solving operation in the step (3) is a VOF model, laminar flow Laminar/turbulence k-epsilon can be selected for different fluid states, a speed inlet and a pressure outlet are adopted, two registers are generated in the Adapt, the volume of water in the microstructure of the register 1 is initialized and defined to be 0, and the volume of water in other fluid parts of the register 2 is 1.
Preferably, the data processing manner in the step (4) is to select the speed, the pressure and the like at the key points as the data output objects, select the area score in the reporting options for the pressure parameters, select the type as the area weighted average, select the left and right lines of the middle quarter section of the model as the pressure output objects, compare the differential pressure value between the smooth surface and the microstructure surface, and calculate the drag reduction rate by adopting (Δp light- Δp micro)/Δp light. .
Preferably, the optimization parameter method in the step (5) is to optimize the model parameters by comparing drag reduction rates, pressure cloud patterns and speed cloud patterns of a plurality of cases, and obtain an optimal parameter interval by optimizing a plurality of loops of solving.
Preferably, the method can be applied to the development and design process of drag reduction surfaces in the fields of shipping and pipeline transportation.
As can be seen from the above description, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) The optimization design period is short. The process parameters are optimized without the traditional modes of sample preparation, performance test, process parameter modification and sample preparation and performance test, the drag reduction rate of the surface is obtained by adopting a numerical simulation mode, and the optimization is performed after data analysis, so that the period of optimizing design is greatly shortened.
(2) The cost is low. The drag reduction effect can be accurately calculated by only one computer device without equipment and a detection device for preparing the super-hydrophobic surface, which are used in the traditional optimal design, so that the optimal technological parameters are optimized, and the cost is very low.
(3) Green, energy-saving and environment-friendly. No pollutant formed by preparing the super-hydrophobic surface is generated, the energy consumed by a computer is far lower than that consumed by other preparation and detection devices, and the principle of green design is met.
(4) The method is suitable for the research and development design of factories. The method has the characteristics of short period, low cost and environmental protection, and has great advantages in the research and development design of factories.
Drawings
Fig. 1: and optimizing a flow chart of the design.
Fig. 2: example microstructure surface model schematic.
Fig. 3: example period spacing a is the initial phase cloud of the 1.25 model.
Fig. 4: example two measurement line pressure figures for smooth surfaces.
Fig. 5: example cycle spacing a is a graph of pressure values on two measurement lines for a 1.25 model.
Fig. 6: example microstructure surface drag reduction is plotted against cycle spacing a.
Fig. 7: example microstructure surface drag reduction is plotted against cycle spacing a.
Detailed Description
(1) And (3) establishing a model: the Icem software is used for constructing a fluid model of the two-dimensional microstructure surface, an origin is firstly established, then nodes are sequentially established by taking the origin as a reference point, the overall dimension is 2mm long and 0.5mm wide, the microstructure dimension is groove width a=50 μm, protrusion width b=40 μm and groove depth h=25 μm.
(2) Dividing grids: defining the left end of the model as an inlet, the right end as an outlet and the other walls, establishing and dividing the model to ensure that each microstructure is used as an independent block, associating the divided blocks with each part after dividing the blocks, setting the grid type at the microstructure as an O-shaped grid after the association is finished, carrying out encryption processing on the grid by the near wall, setting the grid density Spacing as 0.0001, ensuring the calculation accuracy as the growth rate Ratio as 1.2, generating a mesh file, and selecting the type as 2d when outputting the mesh file;
(3) Solving operation: the calculation models used for calculation solution are Laminar Laminar and VOF models, liquid water is added in material setting, air is a first phase in phase setting, water-liquid is a second phase, and a boundary condition adopts a speed inlet and a pressure outlet. Generating two registers in the adapter during initialization, defining the volume of water in the microstructure of the register 1 as 0, defining the volume of water in other fluid parts of the register 2 as 1, calculating convergence accuracy in monitors to be adjusted to be 0.00001, running calculation until a residual curve converges, and storing a case & data file;
(4) And (3) data processing: a Graphics and Animations option is clicked, a storage speed, a pressure cloud image and a speed vector image are checked in the contents and the Vectors, a gas-liquid interface and a left line and a right line of a middle quarter part of a model are set in a surface option to be used as data output objects, parameters such as the interface speed and the like are output in the PLots in an XY plot mode, a surface interface is selected in a report option, the type is a surface weighted average value, the output pressure is the total pressure, a weighted average pressure value on the two lines is obtained, the pressure difference value obtained by subtracting the two values is 44.59778, the differential pressure value at the same position on a smooth surface is 49.9806, and the calculated drag reduction rate is 9.35%;
(5) Optimizing parameters: optimizing model parameters by observing drag reduction rate, pressure cloud picture, speed cloud picture and the like of the case, setting the sizes of the microstructures of the lower group to be groove width a=50 mu m, protrusion width b=34 mu m and groove depth h=25 mu m, and solving to obtain the drag reduction rate of 11.72%; continuously changing the microstructure size to be groove width a=50 mu m, protrusion width b=25 mu m and groove depth h=25 mu m, and solving to obtain the drag reduction rate of 25.61%; the microstructure size is groove width a=50 μm, protrusion width b=10 μm, groove depth h=25 μm, and the solution yields a drag reduction of 35.7%.
A schematic diagram of the microstructure surface model of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 2, and a graph of the microstructure surface drag reduction rate versus the periodic spacing of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 7.
According to the embodiment, a drag reduction rule can be obtained, when the ratio of the gas-liquid interface to the total contact surface is increased, the drag reduction rate is continuously increased, and when the ratio of the groove width to the protrusion width, namely the cycle interval A, is 5:1, the drag reduction effect is very obvious up to 35.7%, so that the cycle interval A is required to be controlled to be more than 5:1 in actual production, and a microstructure surface with good drag reduction effect can be obtained.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above with no limitation, and the actual construction is not limited to the embodiments of the invention as shown in the drawings. In summary, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, a structural manner and an embodiment similar to the technical solution should not be creatively devised without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The optimization design method of the surface microstructure size parameter with the drag reduction effect is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) And (3) establishing a model: a fluidic model of the two-dimensional microstructured surface was constructed using Icem software,
firstly establishing an origin, and then sequentially taking the origin as a reference point to establish a node, wherein the overall size is 2mm long, the width is 0.5mm, the microstructure size is that the groove width a=50 μm, the protrusion width b=40 μm and the groove depth h=25 μm;
(2) Dividing grids: defining the left end of the model as an inlet, the right end as an outlet and the other walls, establishing and dividing the model to ensure that each microstructure is used as an independent block, associating the divided blocks with each part after dividing the blocks, setting the grid type at the microstructure as an O-shaped grid after the association is finished, carrying out encryption processing on the grid by the near wall, setting the grid density Spacing as 0.0001, ensuring the calculation accuracy as the growth rate Ratio as 1.2, generating a mesh file, and selecting the type as 2d when outputting the mesh file;
(3) Solving operation: the calculation models used for calculation and solution are Laminar Laminar and VOF models, liquid water is added in material setting, air is a first phase in phase setting, water-liquid is a second phase, and a boundary condition adopts a speed inlet and a pressure outlet; generating two registers in the adapter during initialization, defining the volume of water in the microstructure of the register 1 as 0, defining the volume of water in other fluid parts of the register 2 as 1, calculating convergence accuracy in monitors to be adjusted to be 0.00001, running calculation until a residual curve converges, and storing a case & data file;
(4) And (3) data processing: checking a saving speed, a pressure cloud image and a speed vector image in a contents and a Vectors, setting a gas-liquid interface and left and right lines of a middle quarter part of a model in a surface option as data output objects, outputting interface speed parameters in a plots mode by using an XYplot mode, selecting a surface eintergal in a reports option, wherein the type is a surface weighted average value, the output pressure is the total pressure, a weighted average pressure value on the two lines is obtained, the pressure difference value obtained by subtracting the two values is 44.59778, the differential pressure value at the same position on a smooth surface is 49.9806, and the calculated drag reduction rate is 9.35%;
(5) Optimizing parameters: optimizing model parameters by observing drag reduction rate, pressure cloud picture and speed cloud picture of the case, setting the sizes of the microstructures of the lower group to be groove width a=50 mu m, protrusion width b=34 mu m and groove depth h=25 mu m, solving to obtain the drag reduction rate to be 11.72%, continuously changing the sizes of the microstructures to be groove width a=50 mu m, protrusion width b=25 mu m and groove depth h=25 mu m, and solving to obtain the drag reduction rate to be 25.61%; the microstructure size is groove width a=50μm, protrusion width b=10μm, groove depth h=25μm, and the drag reduction rate is 35.7% by solving;
the modeling in the step (1) is to use Cad, caxa, icem drawing software to construct a fluid model of the microstructure surface, and the microstructure size can be adjusted in the model;
and (2) grid division is required to define an access and a wall part of a model, the model is established and divided, each microstructure is required to be divided into an independent block, the near-wall surface grid is encrypted, grid density Spacing is set to be 0.0001, the growth rate Ratio is 1.2, high-quality grids are ensured to be output, the calculation accuracy is ensured, and the type of the output mesh file is selected to be 2d.
2. The method for optimally designing the dimensional parameters of the surface microstructure with the drag reduction effect according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) a calculation model used for solving operation is a VOF model, laminar flow Lamini/turbulent flow k-epsilon can be selected according to different fluid states, two registers are generated in an adaptive by adopting a speed inlet and a pressure outlet, the volume of water in the microstructure of the register 1 is initialized and defined to be 0, and the volume of water in other fluid parts of the register 2 is 1.
3. The method for optimally designing the dimensional parameters of the surface microstructure with the drag reduction effect according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the data processing mode in the step (4) is to select the speed and the pressure at key points as data output objects, select the area points in reporting options by pressure parameters, select the type as a surface weighted average value, select the left and right lines of the middle quarter section of the model as pressure output objects, compare the pressure difference value between the smooth surface and the microstructure surface, and calculate the drag reduction rate by adopting (delta P light-delta P micro)/delta P light.
4. The method for optimally designing the dimensional parameters of the surface microstructure with the drag reduction effect according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the parameter optimizing method in the step (5) is to optimize model parameters by comparing drag reduction rates, pressure cloud pictures and speed cloud pictures of a plurality of cases, and obtain an optimal parameter interval through multiple loops of optimizing solution.
5. The method for optimally designing a surface microstructure dimensional parameter having a drag reducing effect according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the method can be applied to the research and development design process of drag reduction surfaces in the fields of shipping and pipeline transportation.
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| CN110097641A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-08-06 | 江苏理工学院 | A kind of method of numerical simulation super hydrophobic surface drag-reduction effect |
| CN110282070B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-11-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Integrated piezoelectric vibration resistance reducer capable of being embedded into wall surface |
| CN114386172B (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2024-08-30 | 大连理工大学 | Fan blade surface drag reduction microstructure optimization design and processing method |
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