CN109581370A - Multipolarization HRRP scattering centers extraction method based on multidirectional amount ANM - Google Patents

Multipolarization HRRP scattering centers extraction method based on multidirectional amount ANM Download PDF

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CN109581370A
CN109581370A CN201811201897.9A CN201811201897A CN109581370A CN 109581370 A CN109581370 A CN 109581370A CN 201811201897 A CN201811201897 A CN 201811201897A CN 109581370 A CN109581370 A CN 109581370A
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multipolarization
scattering
matrix
polarization
atom
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王彦华
李阳
郗颖
王宏宇
龙腾
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/021—Auxiliary means for detecting or identifying radar signals or the like, e.g. radar jamming signals

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The multipolarization HRRP scattering centers extraction method based on multidirectional amount ANM that the invention discloses a kind of.It can be realized robust, high-precision scattering centers extraction using the present invention.The present invention utilizes the characteristic that each channel scattering center of multipolarization High Range Resolution position is identical but maximum peak value is different, center is scattered using multidirectional amount atom norm minimum model to be estimated, the polarization scattering matrix of scattering point is obtained while accurately obtaining location information, provides more fully information for target identification.The present invention takes full advantage of the common information between each channel of multipolarization, effectively improves estimated accuracy；Compared with traditional P-MUSIC, P-ESPIRIT method, it is adapted to the bad situation of signal-to-noise ratio, more preferably to the robustness of noise.

Description

Multipolarization HRRP scattering centers extraction method based on multidirectional amount ANM
Technical field
The invention belongs to Technology of Radar Target Identification fields, are related to the target of radar multipolarization High Range Resolution (HRRP) Recognition methods, and in particular to one kind is based on the scattering centers extraction method of multidirectional amount (MMV) atom norm minimum (ANM).
Background technique
Polarization is a kind of important attribute of electromagnetic wave, and multipolarization radar can provide more information for target identification, by thunder It is combined up to polarization information with high resolution technique and has become the very promising research field in one, radar target recognition field.
In optics area, radar target is considered as the vector of the different scattering center echo of a large amount of intensity of target surface With.High Range Resolution (HRRP) characterizes scattering center along the distribution situation in radar line of sight direction, reflects the structure of target Feature plays an important role in radar target recognition.
Target identification is carried out using multipolarization High Range Resolution, information and characteristic dimension can be increased, further increase knowledge Other performance also can get target informations more more than single polarization High Range Resolution.Traditional scattering centers extraction method is mostly answered For single polarization High Range Resolution.Such as PRONY, MUSIC, OMP method etc., existing multipolarization High Range Resolution scattering Center extraction method is mainly expansion of the above method in multipolarization, including P-MUSIC, P-ESPIRIT, the sparse side of group Method etc., P-MUSIC, P-ESPIRIT method are sensitive to signal-to-noise ratio, organize Sparse methods there are base mismatch problem, will lead to position Estimation inaccuracy.There is scholar to propose that atom norm minimum method extracts the scattering center of single polarization HRRP in recent years, achieves Good effect, but do not occur also being applied the document in multipolarization, and if multipolarization is each logical Track data as input data use single polarization ANM method solve, it is ineffective, and without using each channel of multipolarization it Between common information.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of multipolarization HRRP scattering centers extraction method based on multidirectional amount ANM, energy Enough realize robust, high-precision scattering centers extraction.
Multipolarization HRRP scattering centers extraction method based on multidirectional amount ANM of the invention, includes the following steps:
Step 1, it after multipolarization High Range Resolution being normalized, is sampled, is obtained by each pole in frequency domain Change the matrix Y of channel data composition；
Step 2, atom set A is constructed:Wherein,For atom K-th of atom in set, κ For total atom number；
Define the atom norm of matrix Y are as follows:Wherein, ckTo be Number, inf is infimum；
It converts the estimation problem of multipolarization High Range Resolution scattering center to and multidirectional amount atom norm minimum is asked The solution of topic；
Step 3, following convex optimization problem is converted by the multidirectional amount atom norm minimum problem of step 2, and solving should Convex optimization problem obtains T (u):
Wherein, tr represents the mark of matrix；W is a unknown matrix；T (u) is the Toeplitz matrix of N × N size,Y ' expression observation signal；Subscript H indicates conjugate transposition；
Step 5, Vandermonde decomposition is carried out to T (u), be supported frequency
Step 6, for each support frequencySolve the Polarization scattering square of each POLARIZATION CHANNEL respectively using least square method Battle array component, and then obtain corresponding polarization scattering matrix；The support frequency obtained based on step 5Calculate corresponding physics The extraction of scattering center is completed in position.
Further, for each channel data of multipolarization High Range Resolution, using amplitude normalization or energy normalized Mode be normalized.
The utility model has the advantages that
The invention proposes the new frames that a kind of pair of multipolarization High Range Resolution is scattered center extraction, first even Scattering center location estimation is carried out on continuous domain, then is scattered polarization scattering matrix estimation a little, compares prior art, this method It has the advantages that
1) information is obtained more comprehensively
The scattering center of single polarization HRRP, available very accurate position letter are extracted using atom norm minimum method Breath and amplitude information, method proposed by the present invention can obtain the Polarization scattering of scattering point while accurately obtaining location information Matrix provides more fully information for target identification.
2) precision is high
The present invention is scattered center extraction using atom norm minimum method to multipolarization High Range Resolution, with group Sparse methods estimation multipolarization High Range Resolution scattering center is compared, and can be effectively prevented from base mismatch problem, improvement is estimated Count precision.
3) strong robustness
The present invention is adapted to the bad situation of signal-to-noise ratio, to the Shandong of noise compared with P-MUSIC, P-ESPIRIT method Stick is more preferably.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that multipolarization HRRP emulates four channel (a) HH, (b) VH, (c) HV, (d) VV.
Fig. 3 is that the reconstruct of signal estimated result is compared with original signal.
Fig. 4 is that the scattering point based on ANM, OMP method extracts Comparative result.(a) position estimation error, (b) amplitude Estimation Error.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The multipolarization HRRP scattering centers extraction method based on multidirectional amount ANM that the present invention provides a kind of.Pass through multipolarization The analysis of each channel data of HRRP finds that each channel data of multipolarization HRRP shows of different sizes in the appearance of identical position Spike characteristic.According to the analysis, this is because the scattering center position within the scope of default radar line of sight be it is fixed, due to dissipating The each component value of beam polarization scattering matrix is different, and the difference so as to cause each channel data of multipolarization HRRP is mainly reflected in The difference of maximum peak value.Therefore, the present invention proposes, is scattered using the atom norm minimum model based on MMV to it Center is estimated, the common information between each channel of multipolarization is made full use of, so as to improve the precision of estimation.
It comprises the concrete steps that: firstly, multipolarization High Range Resolution normalized is then converted on frequency domain, it will be each Channel data regards a multidirectional amount as, is then based on the ANM method of MMV, constructs atom set, the estimation of scattering center is asked Topic is converted into the solution to multidirectional amount atom norm minimum problem；Least Square Method polarization scattering matrix is finally utilized, Complete extraction of the multipolarization high-resolution distance to scattering center.
Multipolarization radar of the invention includes but is not limited to polarization radar.Below by taking polarization radar as an example, had The explanation of body step:
Polarization radar includes four kinds of polarization modes, and as shown in table 1, the signal that radar receives polarizes from following four Channel:
1 four kinds of polarization modes of table
Transmitting receive Horizontal (H) Vertically (V)
Horizontal (H) HH VH
Vertically (V) HV VV
Step 1: to multipolarization High Range Resolution normalized
For initial range as yo=[yo(1),yo(2)…yo(M)], o=HH, VH, HV, VV, wherein M is Range Profile Points；It is vertical that VH, which represents the transmitting polarized state of electromagnetic wave as horizontal (horizontal) polarization mode, reception polarization mode, (vertical) polarization mode, HV, HH, VV component also have similar meaning.
yoAmplitude normalization is expressed as
yoEnergy normalized is expressed as
Wherein, | | | |2Indicate two norms.
According to above formula optionally first, to yoIt is normalized.
Step 2: the multipolarization HRRP after normalization is carried out FFT processing, Y is obtainedo(f)
The case where being CHIRP for transmitting signal, each POLARIZATION CHANNEL data of multipolarization HRRP are by FFT operation in frequency The expression in domain are as follows:
S′o=So·exp(-j2πf0ti),|S′o|=| So|
O={ HH, VH, HV, VV }
Wherein, f is frequency；f0Represent carrier frequency；I represents scattering center number；tiRepresent i-th of scattering center echo when Prolong, So,iFor the polarization scattering matrix S of i-th of scattering centeriIn channel o component, o=HH, VH, HV, VV；SiIt represents i-th The polarization scattering matrix of scattering center indicates the polarization scattering characteristics of scattering point:
After frequency domain sample, available Yo(l),
Δ f represents frequency domain sample interval, and N represents frequency domain sample points.
Obtain the matrix Y being made of four POLARIZATION CHANNEL data:
Y=[YHH YVH YHV YVV]
Step 3: extracting scattering center information using MMV-ANM method.
By being analyzed above it is found that each POLARIZATION CHANNEL data frequency component having the same that step 1 obtains, only different logical The coefficient S that identical frequency component is multiplied in roadoDifference so each POLARIZATION CHANNEL data have the characteristic of joint sparse, therefore makes Scattering center is extracted with the ANM method based on MMV.
Step 301, the multidirectional amount atom of definition are following multiple sinusoidal signal form,
Wherein, k represents atom serial number, fkFor the frequency of multiple sinusoidal signal,For parameter,
Atom set is defined as:
Step 302, for matrix Y, atom l0Norm is defined as follows:
Wherein, ckFor coefficient, inf is infimum, and κ is total atom number.
Step 303 is established and solves scattering center estimation problem with drag, it may be assumed that
Subject to Y=Y '
Wherein Y ' expression observation signal, Y are required reconstruction signal, and above formula makes in reconstruct sparse signal Y and original observation Signal Y ' is extremely under conditions of, so that MMV atom l of the Y about atom set0Norm minimum reaches the mesh of sparse reconstruct 's.
Problem above is converted following problems by step 304:
Wherein, T (u) is the Toeplitz matrix of N × N size, and rank represents rank of matrix:
W is a unknown matrix.
Step 305, due to the problem of solving order above be it is non-convex, can not use existing tool solve, according to signal The characteristics of, it can be by atom l0Norm relaxation are as follows:
In this way, converting convex optimization problem for problem above, facilitate solution:
Wherein, tr represents the mark of matrix.
It is the convex optimization optimization problem of a positive semidefinite above, tool box solution, such as the CVX work in MATAB can be used Have case, T (u) can be obtained.
Step 306 asks Vandermonde to decompose T (u), and required support frequency can be obtained
T (u)=BFBH=[BF1/2][BF1/2]H
Wherein, B=B (f)=[b (f1),…b(fj),…,b(fK)], F=diag (f1,…,fj,…fK)
Step 4: being directed to each support frequencySolve the Polarization scattering of each POLARIZATION CHANNEL respectively using least square method Matrix component, and then obtain corresponding polarization scattering matrix.
The pseudoinverse of pinv () representing matrix, K indicate the scattering point number that ANM method extracts.
Step 5: output scattering center estimated result
Utilize frequency valuesCorresponding physical location can be calculated
Thus the position of scattering center has just been obtainedAnd polarization scattering matrix
The output that MMV-ANM method extracts scattering point can be expressed as with the point set of scattering point position and polarization scattering matrix
Illustrate effect of the present invention below according to an emulation experiment:
Scene setting: the alternate position spike of airborne radar and ground scatter center A are 31m, are 50m, the position of B with location of C difference It is used as variable in simulations, the alternate position spike with A is respectively [1,2,3,4,5] m.Its polarization scattering matrix is respectively as follows:
1 polarization scattering matrix of table
The offset angle that dipole is arranged is 30 degree, and dihedral angle is 16 degree
Transmitting signal is represented by
Wherein, rect () is rectangular window function, f0For incidence wave carrier frequency, TpIndicate pulsewidth, μ be frequency modulation rate, meet μ= B/Tp, wherein B is bandwidth.
1 simulation system parameters of table
30 Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to five different distance intervals, scattering center estimated result are counted, such as Fig. 2~figure Shown in 4.
Fig. 2 is four POLARIZATION CHANNEL HRRP images；
After Fig. 3 is the original HRRP and scattering centers extraction of some POLARIZATION CHANNEL, the signal of estimated information reconstruct is utilized Comparison, it can be seen that the two similitude on big peak value is very high, and reconstruction signal reduces noise jamming, illustrates we Method can accurately extract the scattering center in HRRP, reduce unnecessary interference information；
Fig. 4 compared the error of this method and traditional method for extracting scattering center, it can be seen that and though amplitude Estimation also It is in location estimation, the present invention has apparent superiority.
In conclusion the above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, being not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention Within protection scope.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of multipolarization HRRP scattering centers extraction method based on multidirectional amount ANM, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1, it after multipolarization High Range Resolution being normalized, is sampled, is obtained logical by each polarization in frequency domain The matrix Y of track data composition；
Step 2, atom set A is constructed:Wherein,For in atom set K-th of atom, κ is Total atom number；
Define the atom norm of matrix Y are as follows:Wherein, ckFor coefficient, Inf is infimum；
It converts the estimation problem of multipolarization High Range Resolution scattering center to multidirectional amount atom norm minimum problem It solves；
Step 3, following convex optimization problem is converted by the multidirectional amount atom norm minimum problem of step 2, and it is convex excellent to solve this Change problem obtains T (u):
Wherein, tr represents the mark of matrix；W is a unknown matrix；T (u) is the Toeplitz matrix of N × N size,Y ' expression observation signal；Subscript H indicates conjugate transposition；
Step 5, Vandermonde decomposition is carried out to T (u), be supported frequency
Step 6, for each support frequencySolve the polarization scattering matrix point of each POLARIZATION CHANNEL respectively using least square method Amount, and then obtain corresponding polarization scattering matrix；The support frequency obtained based on step 5Corresponding physical location is calculated, Complete the extraction of scattering center.
2. the multipolarization HRRP scattering centers extraction method based on multidirectional amount ANM as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that For each channel data of multipolarization High Range Resolution, place is normalized by the way of amplitude normalization or energy normalized Reason.
CN201811201897.9A 2018-10-16 2018-10-16 Multipolarization HRRP scattering centers extraction method based on multidirectional amount ANM Pending CN109581370A (en)

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Cited By (2)

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CN111458689A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-07-28 上海无线电设备研究所 Multipath scattering characteristic classification method based on polarization scattering center
CN113281745A (en) * 2021-04-15 2021-08-20 中国人民解放军空军预警学院雷达士官学校 ANM sparse high-resolution ISAR imaging method based on multi-vector measurement model

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111458689A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-07-28 上海无线电设备研究所 Multipath scattering characteristic classification method based on polarization scattering center
CN111458689B (en) * 2020-04-14 2022-07-05 上海无线电设备研究所 Multipath scattering characteristic classification method based on polarization scattering center
CN113281745A (en) * 2021-04-15 2021-08-20 中国人民解放军空军预警学院雷达士官学校 ANM sparse high-resolution ISAR imaging method based on multi-vector measurement model
CN113281745B (en) * 2021-04-15 2022-09-13 中国人民解放军空军预警学院雷达士官学校 ANM sparse high-resolution ISAR imaging method based on multi-vector measurement model

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Application publication date: 20190405