CN109577126B - Heat pipe type solar thermal device for frost heaving of roadbed and frost heaving prevention method of roadbed - Google Patents
Heat pipe type solar thermal device for frost heaving of roadbed and frost heaving prevention method of roadbed Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
- E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/24—Methods or arrangements for preventing slipperiness or protecting against influences of the weather
- E01C11/26—Permanently installed heating or blowing devices ; Mounting thereof
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于路基工程建设与维护技术领域，尤其涉及一种针对路基冻胀的热管式太阳光热装置及路基防冻胀方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of roadbed engineering construction and maintenance, and in particular relates to a heat pipe solar thermal device for roadbed frost heaving and a roadbed anti-frost heaving method.
背景技术Background technique
季节性冻土区地表土体的一个重要特征是由于温度的季节性正、负交替变化而引起的冬冻春融现象。土体的冬冻春融现象实质上是土中水的固液相变过程，由于水在固相和液相时的密度不同，相同质量的水在固相时的体积比液相时大9％，土体在负温状态下随之出现膨胀现象。因此，在一些降水多、地下水丰富、土质密实和季节性温度差异大的地区，伴随地表一定深度范围内土体温度的季节性变化，还会出现地表的冻胀隆起和融化沉陷现象。当在上述地区进行工程建设时，由于地基冻胀融沉的自然属性，上部建筑物或构筑物会随之产生变形稳定性问题，甚至出现破坏现象。而且，就建筑物和构筑物本体而言，由于建筑材料的耐久性、孔隙性、蓄水性原因，其在自然环境的影响下，温度正、负变化的过程也会引起各类冻害。An important feature of the surface soil in seasonally frozen soil areas is the phenomenon of winter freezing and spring thawing caused by seasonal positive and negative alternating changes in temperature. The phenomenon of winter freezing and spring thawing of soil is essentially a solid-liquid phase change process of water in the soil. Due to the different densities of water in the solid phase and the liquid phase, the volume of the same mass of water in the solid phase is larger than that in the liquid phase9 %, the soil will expand under negative temperature conditions. Therefore, in some areas with heavy rainfall, abundant groundwater, dense soil and large seasonal temperature differences, frost heave and melting subsidence will occur on the surface along with seasonal changes in soil temperature within a certain depth range of the surface. When engineering construction is carried out in the above-mentioned areas, due to the natural properties of frost heaving and melting of the foundation, the upper buildings or structures will have deformation stability problems and even damage. Moreover, as far as buildings and structures are concerned, due to the durability, porosity, and water storage of building materials, the process of positive and negative temperature changes under the influence of the natural environment can also cause various types of freezing damage.
道路工程是基础设施完善程度的重要标志之一。其中，路基、桥梁和隧道是道路工程的三大重要组成部分。在季节性冻土区，与桥梁和隧道相比，路基具有一些独有的特殊性，第一，路基直接填筑在地表之上，相比桥梁更容易受到恶劣地层条件的影响，包括地下水、地基承载力等因素；第二，路基直接暴露在自然环境之中，相比隧道更容易受到恶劣自然环境条件的影响，包括大气降水、大气温度、太阳辐射等因素；第三，路基本体是由级配土体填筑而成的散体材料，由于土的孔隙性、多相性和自然变异性，更容易出现水分、温度的大幅度波动，以及材料的变形和伤损现象。概括言之，由于路基本体和环境条件的特殊性，寒区路基工程普遍面临冻胀的威胁。Road engineering is one of the important indicators of the degree of infrastructure improvement. Among them, roadbed, bridges and tunnels are the three important components of road engineering. In seasonally frozen soil areas, compared with bridges and tunnels, the roadbed has some unique characteristics. First, the roadbed is directly filled on the surface. Compared with bridges, it is more susceptible to the impact of harsh stratigraphic conditions, including groundwater, Factors such as foundation bearing capacity; secondly, the roadbed is directly exposed to the natural environment and is more susceptible to harsh natural environmental conditions than tunnels, including atmospheric precipitation, atmospheric temperature, solar radiation and other factors; thirdly, the roadbed body is made of Bulk materials filled with graded soil are more prone to large fluctuations in moisture and temperature, as well as material deformation and damage due to the porosity, heterogeneity and natural variability of soil. In summary, due to the particularity of the subgrade body and environmental conditions, subgrade projects in cold areas generally face the threat of frost heave.
由于道路工程通行条件的重要性，路基的平顺性要求高，寒区路基的冻胀变形问题就显得非常重要。相应地，针对寒区路基冻胀病害，在路基建设和管养领域研究与采用了多类多种冻胀防治措施，包括：Due to the importance of traffic conditions in road engineering and the high requirements for roadbed smoothness, the problem of frost heave deformation of roadbed in cold areas is very important. Correspondingly, in view of the frost heave disease of roadbed in cold areas, a variety of frost heave prevention and control measures have been studied and adopted in the field of roadbed construction and management, including:
(1)地基处理和填料土质改良，具体有地基换填、填料改良土等。(1) Foundation treatment and fill soil improvement, including foundation replacement and fill soil improvement, etc.
(2)填料和地基水分控制，具体有防、排、隔水结构。(2) Filling and foundation moisture control, specifically including prevention, drainage and water isolation structures.
(3)填料和地基温度控制，具体有保温隔层、保温护坡等保温材料结构型式。(3) Filling and foundation temperature control, specifically including insulation layers, insulation slope protection and other insulation material structural types.
上述措施主要在建设阶段进行实施，主要目的是预防冻胀的出现和降低冻胀变形量。局限性在于，一方面，不能严格控制冻胀现象的发生；另一方面，当路基出现冻胀现象时，缺乏快速消除冻胀的应急抢险措施。The above measures are mainly implemented during the construction stage, and the main purpose is to prevent the occurrence of frost heave and reduce the amount of frost heave deformation. The limitation is that on the one hand, the occurrence of frost heave cannot be strictly controlled; on the other hand, when frost heave occurs in the roadbed, there is a lack of emergency rescue measures to quickly eliminate frost heave.
对于高速铁路的无砟轨道，由于采用混凝土、沥青混合料等整体基础取代了有砟轨道中的粗粒碎石道床，虽然长期稳定性好，但却使得无砟轨道适应下部结构沉降变形的能力大为下降，而且养护维修难度大。尤其当无砟轨道发生冻胀现象时，由于整体性好，反而不能像有砟轨道一样通过调整道床道砟高度来平衡路基的冻胀变形，所以急需一种更为有效和便捷的防冻胀措施。For the ballastless track of high-speed railways, since the overall foundation of concrete, asphalt mixture, etc. is used to replace the coarse gravel track bed in the ballasted track, although the long-term stability is good, the ballastless track has the ability to adapt to the settlement and deformation of the substructure. has dropped significantly, and maintenance and repairs are difficult. Especially when frost heave occurs on a ballastless track, due to its good integrity, it cannot balance the frost heave deformation of the roadbed by adjusting the height of the ballast bed like a ballasted track. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more effective and convenient anti-frost heave measure. .
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明实施例提供了一种针对路基冻胀的热管式太阳光热装置，以解决现有技术中路基防冻胀措施效果不够理想的问题。In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a heat pipe solar thermal device for frost heaving of roadbed to solve the problem of unsatisfactory anti-frost heaving measures for roadbeds in the prior art.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的第一实施例提供了一种针对路基冻胀的热管式太阳光热装置，包括用于将太阳能转化为热能的太阳能真空集热组件、用于传递热量的散热组件和用于促进热量由所述太阳能真空集热组件向所述散热组件传递热量的液芯型热管组件；In order to solve the above technical problems, the first embodiment of the present invention provides a heat pipe type solar thermal device for roadbed frost heaving, including a solar vacuum heat collection component for converting solar energy into thermal energy, and a heat sink for transferring heat. assembly and a liquid core heat pipe assembly for promoting heat transfer from the solar vacuum heat collecting assembly to the heat dissipation assembly;
所述太阳能真空集热组件包括光热转化管，所述光热转化管外套有光透射管，所述光热转化管的轴线和所述光透射管的轴线重合，所述光热转化管和所述光透射管之间为真空腔，所述光热转化管和所述光透射管的两端密封连接，所述光热转化管的两端分别连接第一接头和第二接头，所述第一接头上设有端盖使所述光热转化管的一端形成密封；The solar vacuum heat collecting component includes a photothermal conversion tube, and the photothermal conversion tube is surrounded by a light transmission tube. The axis of the photothermal conversion tube coincides with the axis of the light transmission tube. The photothermal conversion tube and There is a vacuum cavity between the light transmission tubes, the two ends of the photothermal conversion tube and the light transmission tube are sealed and connected, and the two ends of the photothermal conversion tube are respectively connected to a first joint and a second joint. An end cap is provided on the first joint to seal one end of the photothermal conversion tube;
所述散热组件包括散热管，所述散热管的一端连接所述第二接头与所述光热转化管导通，所述散热管的另一端设有锥形导向帽，所述光热转化管的内部和所述散热管的内部填充有第一传热介质，所述散热管的外壁设有散热翅片；The heat dissipation component includes a heat dissipation tube. One end of the heat dissipation tube is connected to the second joint and is in communication with the photothermal conversion tube. The other end of the heat dissipation tube is provided with a tapered guide cap. The photothermal conversion tube The inside of the heat pipe and the inside of the heat pipe are filled with the first heat transfer medium, and the outer wall of the heat pipe is provided with heat dissipation fins;
所述液芯型热管组件包括第一管壳和第二管壳，所述第一管壳位于所述光热转化管的内部，所述第二管壳通过支架固定在所述散热管的内部，所述第一管壳的一端和所述第二管壳的一端通过密封件连接，所述第一管壳和所述第二管壳内部导通，所述第一管壳的另一端密封，所述第二管壳的另一端密封，所述第一管壳和所述第二管壳内部灌注有第二传热介质。The liquid core heat pipe assembly includes a first tube shell and a second tube shell. The first tube shell is located inside the photothermal conversion tube. The second tube shell is fixed inside the heat dissipation tube through a bracket. , one end of the first tube shell and one end of the second tube shell are connected through a seal, the first tube shell and the second tube shell are internally connected, and the other end of the first tube shell is sealed , the other end of the second tube shell is sealed, and the second heat transfer medium is filled inside the first tube shell and the second tube shell.
进一步地，所述第一管壳的内壁和所述第二管壳的内壁设有吸液芯。Further, the inner wall of the first tube shell and the inner wall of the second tube shell are provided with a liquid absorbing wick.
进一步地，所述吸液芯通过钢丝网紧贴在所述第一管壳的内壁和所述第二管壳的内壁。Further, the liquid-absorbent core is tightly attached to the inner wall of the first tube shell and the inner wall of the second tube shell through a steel mesh.
进一步地，所述光热转化管为外壁镀有太阳能选择性吸收膜的金属管。Further, the photothermal conversion tube is a metal tube with an outer wall coated with a solar energy selective absorption film.
进一步地，光透射管为外壁镀有增透膜的玻璃管。Further, the light transmission tube is a glass tube with an outer wall coated with an anti-reflection coating.
进一步地，所述第一接头和所述第二接头均为变形补偿器，所述变形补偿器包括能够在轴向发生相对运动的内套筒和外套筒，所述内套筒和所述光热转化管连接，所述外套筒和所述光透射管连接。Further, both the first joint and the second joint are deformation compensators, and the deformation compensators include an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve capable of relative movement in the axial direction, and the inner sleeve and the The photothermal conversion tube is connected, and the outer sleeve is connected to the light transmission tube.
进一步地，所述第一管壳和第二管壳的内部导通空间为负压环境。Further, the internal communication space of the first tube shell and the second tube shell is a negative pressure environment.
进一步地，所述真空腔内设有蒸散型吸气剂。Further, an evaporative getter is provided in the vacuum chamber.
进一步地，所述散热管的一端通过异径型螺纹连接器与所述第二接头连接，所述异径型螺纹连接器设有两个内径不同的螺纹管道，所述散热管的一端连接所述异径型螺纹连接器的一个螺纹管道，所述第二接头连接所述异径型螺纹连接器的另一个螺纹管道。Further, one end of the heat dissipation pipe is connected to the second joint through a reducing threaded connector. The reducing threaded connector is provided with two threaded pipes with different inner diameters. One end of the heat dissipation pipe is connected to the second joint. A threaded pipe of the reducing threaded connector, the second joint is connected to another threaded pipe of the reducing threaded connector.
本发明的第二实施例提供了一种路基防冻胀方法，包括：The second embodiment of the present invention provides a roadbed anti-frost heaving method, which includes:
确定季节性冻土区存在冻胀病害路基的最大冻结深度；Determine the maximum freezing depth of roadbed with frost heave disease in seasonally frozen soil areas;
计算防治冻胀路基所需的供热量和热负荷；Calculate the heat supply and heat load required to prevent frost heave subgrade;
确定针对路基冻胀的热管式太阳光热装置的供热容量；Determine the heating capacity of the heat pipe solar thermal device for frost heaving of roadbed;
确定针对路基冻胀的热管式太阳光热装置的几何型式和布设方案；Determine the geometric type and layout plan of the heat pipe solar thermal device for roadbed frost heaving;
制作针对路基冻胀的热管式太阳光热装置；Produce a heat pipe solar thermal device for frost heaving of roadbed;
对路基进行钻孔，安装针对路基冻胀的热管式太阳光热装置。Drill holes into the roadbed and install heat pipe solar thermal devices to prevent frost heaving of the roadbed.
采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects produced by adopting the above technical solutions are:
(1)相比既有的路基填料土质改良、水分控制和被动保温等防冻胀措施，本装置可以从路基体温度这一角度入手，更为积极地调控路基的温度变化。尤其是，可以在全年中有太阳辐射的条件下，时刻地搜集、转化与传递热量，相比路基在天然条件下的热量收支状态，可以主动地提高路基的热输入量，由此提高路基全年的平均温度水平。一方面，利用夏季的高辐射量条件，大幅度地增加热输入量，由此提高路基在入冬时的温度水平，提高抗冻胀能力。另一方面，在冬季太阳辐射条件良好的条件下，也可以实时地输入热量，补偿路基的过度热量损失，由此综合地将路基温度保持在冰点温度以上，即可消除冻胀现象。相比既有防冻胀措施，本装置可以更进一步地防治冻胀发生。(1) Compared with existing anti-frost heaving measures such as soil improvement of subgrade fill, moisture control, and passive insulation, this device can start from the perspective of subgrade body temperature and more actively regulate the temperature changes of the subgrade. In particular, it can collect, transform and transfer heat all the time under the conditions of solar radiation throughout the year. Compared with the heat budget of the roadbed under natural conditions, it can actively increase the heat input of the roadbed, thereby improving The average temperature level of the roadbed throughout the year. On the one hand, the high radiation conditions in summer are used to greatly increase the heat input, thereby increasing the temperature level of the roadbed in winter and improving the frost heave resistance. On the other hand, when solar radiation conditions are good in winter, heat can also be input in real time to compensate for the excessive heat loss of the roadbed, thus comprehensively keeping the roadbed temperature above the freezing point and eliminating the frost heave phenomenon. Compared with existing anti-frost heave measures, this device can further prevent and control the occurrence of frost heave.
(2)本装置的防冻胀效果来源为太阳能，太阳能是分布最为广泛、储量最为丰富的一类可再生热能。存在冻胀病害的路基一般位于北部纬度高和海拔高的地区，在这些地区恰恰是太阳能分布较为丰富的地区，因此太阳能面向路基冻胀问题具有区域分布上的资源性条件。同时，路基工程一般位于地势相对平坦的位置，太阳照射条件良好，便于取用。(2) The anti-frost heaving effect of this device comes from solar energy, which is the most widely distributed and abundant type of renewable thermal energy. Roadbeds with frost heave disease are generally located in areas with high northern latitudes and high altitudes. These areas are precisely areas where solar energy is relatively abundant. Therefore, solar energy has resource conditions for regional distribution in addressing frost heave problems in roadbeds. At the same time, roadbed projects are generally located in relatively flat locations with good sunlight conditions and easy access.
(3)本装置可以自主地实现太阳辐射能的光热转化、热量储存和路基供热等一系列工作程序，自成一体化、自驱化的完整供热装置。尤其是，装置实用化程度高，人为操控需求低，可以长时间的无人值守，适合应用在环境恶劣、人工值守不便的长距离路基工程中。(3) This device can independently realize a series of working procedures such as photothermal conversion of solar radiation energy, heat storage and roadbed heating, etc., forming a self-integrated and self-driven complete heating device. In particular, the device has a high degree of practicality, low human control requirements, and can be left unattended for a long time. It is suitable for application in long-distance roadbed projects with harsh environments and inconvenient manual attendance.
(4)本装置部件组成与型式简洁，一方面，装置结构紧凑，整体强度高，稳定性好，适合应用于路基震动工况。另一方面，功能部件为立式柱状，布设位置、间距、角度及几何尺寸等设计方案可以灵活调整。尤其是，便于以长距离连续分布的点式布设方案，适合应用于路基分散式和大深度的冻胀分布特征。(4) The components and type of this device are simple. On the one hand, the device has a compact structure, high overall strength and good stability, and is suitable for use in roadbed vibration conditions. On the other hand, the functional components are in the shape of vertical columns, and the design solutions such as layout position, spacing, angle and geometric size can be flexibly adjusted. In particular, the point layout scheme is convenient for long-distance continuous distribution, and is suitable for distributed subgrade and large-depth frost heave distribution characteristics.
(5)本装置采用的液芯型热管组件内部填充具有气液两相循环功能的第二传热介质，结合静态热传导的第一传热介质，可以高效快速地将太阳能真空集热组件搜集的太阳热能传递至路基散热组件。装置供热功能启动速度快，具有固定的供热启动温度和单向传热性能，供热功能和防冻胀效果更优。(5) The liquid core heat pipe assembly used in this device is filled with a second heat transfer medium with a gas-liquid two-phase circulation function. Combined with the first heat transfer medium of static heat conduction, the solar vacuum heat collection assembly can efficiently and quickly collect Solar heat energy is transferred to the roadbed cooling components. The heating function of the device starts quickly, has a fixed heating starting temperature and one-way heat transfer performance, and has better heating function and anti-frost heaving effect.
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only illustrative of the present invention. For some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.
图1是本发明实施例提供的针对路基冻胀的热管式太阳光热装置的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat pipe solar thermal device for roadbed frost heaving provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是图1中A-A横截面的结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the A-A cross section in Figure 1;
图3是图1中B-B横截面的结构示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the B-B cross section in Figure 1;
图4是图1中C-C横截面的结构示意图；Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the C-C cross section in Figure 1;
图5是本发明实施例提供的路基防冻胀方法的流程图。Figure 5 is a flow chart of a roadbed anti-frost heaving method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图中：1、端盖；2、第一接头；3、蒸散型吸气剂；4、真空尾嘴；5、光透射管；6、真空腔；7、光热转化管；8、第一管壳；9、异径型螺纹连接器；10、散热翅片；11、散热管；12、支架；13、锥形导向帽；14、第二管壳；15、第二接头；16、增透膜；17、选择性吸收膜；18、第一传热介质；19、第二传热介质；20、钢丝网；21、吸液芯。In the picture: 1. End cap; 2. First joint; 3. Evaporative getter; 4. Vacuum tail nozzle; 5. Light transmission tube; 6. Vacuum cavity; 7. Photothermal conversion tube; 8. First Tube shell; 9. Reducing thread connector; 10. Cooling fins; 11. Heat pipe; 12. Bracket; 13. Conical guide cap; 14. Second tube shell; 15. Second joint; 16. Addition Permeable membrane; 17. Selective absorption membrane; 18. First heat transfer medium; 19. Second heat transfer medium; 20. Steel mesh; 21. Liquid absorbent core.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下描述中，为了说明而不是为了限定，提出了诸如特定系统结构、技术之类的具体细节，以便透彻理解本发明实施例。然而，本领域的技术人员应当清楚，在没有这些具体细节的其它实施例中也可以实现本发明。在其它情况中，省略对众所周知的系统、装置、电路以及方法的详细说明，以免不必要的细节妨碍本发明的描述。In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and technologies are provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, so as to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the present invention in unnecessary detail.
为了说明本发明所述的技术方案，下面通过具体实施例来进行说明。In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, specific examples will be described below.
如图1所示，针对路基冻胀的热管式太阳光热装置包括用于将太阳能转化为热能的太阳能真空集热组件、用于传递热量的散热组件和用于促进热量由太阳能真空集热组件向散热组件传递热量的液芯型热管组件；太阳能真空集热组件包括光热转化管7，光热转化管7外套有光透射管5，光热转化管7的轴线和光透射管5的轴线重合，光热转化管7和光透射管5之间为真空腔6，光热转化管7和光透射管5的两端密封连接，光热转化管7的两端分别连接第一接头2和第二接头15，第一接头2上设有端盖1使光热转化管7的一端形成密封；散热组件包括散热管11，散热管11的一端连接第二接头15与光热转化管7导通，散热管11的另一端设有锥形导向帽13，光热转化管7的内部和散热管11的内部填充有第一传热介质18，散热管11的外壁设有散热翅片10；液芯型热管组件包括第一管壳8和第二管壳14，第一管壳8位于光热转化管7的内部，第二管壳14通过支架12固定在散热管11的内部，第一管壳8的一端和第二管壳14的一端通过密封件连接，第一管壳8和第二管壳14内部导通，第一管壳8的另一端密封，第二管壳14的另一端密封，第一管壳8和第二管壳14内部灌注有第二传热介质19。As shown in Figure 1, the heat pipe type solar thermal device for roadbed frost heaving includes a solar vacuum heat collection component for converting solar energy into thermal energy, a heat dissipation component for transferring heat, and a solar vacuum heat collection component for promoting the use of heat by the solar vacuum heat collection component. A liquid core heat pipe component that transfers heat to the heat dissipation component; the solar vacuum heat collection component includes a photothermal conversion tube 7, the photothermal conversion tube 7 is covered with a light transmission tube 5, and the axis of the photothermal conversion tube 7 coincides with the axis of the light transmission tube 5 , between the photothermal conversion tube 7 and the light transmission tube 5 is a vacuum chamber 6, the two ends of the photothermal conversion tube 7 and the light transmission tube 5 are sealed, and the two ends of the photothermal conversion tube 7 are connected to the first joint 2 and the second joint respectively. 15. The first joint 2 is provided with an end cap 1 to form a seal on one end of the photothermal conversion tube 7; the heat dissipation component includes a heat dissipation pipe 11, and one end of the heat dissipation pipe 11 is connected to the second joint 15 and conducts with the photothermal conversion tube 7 to dissipate heat. The other end of the tube 11 is provided with a tapered guide cap 13. The inside of the photothermal conversion tube 7 and the inside of the heat dissipation tube 11 are filled with the first heat transfer medium 18. The outer wall of the heat dissipation tube 11 is provided with heat dissipation fins 10; liquid core type The heat pipe assembly includes a first tube shell 8 and a second tube shell 14. The first tube shell 8 is located inside the photothermal conversion tube 7. The second tube shell 14 is fixed inside the heat dissipation tube 11 through the bracket 12. The first tube shell 8 One end of the first tube 8 and one end of the second tube 14 are connected through a sealing member, the first tube 8 and the second tube 14 are internally connected, the other end of the first tube 8 is sealed, and the other end of the second tube 14 is sealed. The second heat transfer medium 19 is filled inside the first tube shell 8 and the second tube shell 14 .
使用时，将散热组件插入到预设点的地下，太阳能真空集热组件中的光热转化管7利用太阳能产生热量，并通过第一传热介质18将热量传递到散热组件，散热组件将热量发散到土体，使装置周围的土体升温。同时，光热转化管7产生热量，通过第一传热介质18将热量传递到第一管壳8，然后通过第二传热介质19将热量传递到第二管壳14，第二管壳14通过第一传热介质18传递到散热组件，使装置周围土体升温。When in use, the heat dissipation component is inserted into the ground at a preset point. The photothermal conversion tube 7 in the solar vacuum heat collecting component uses solar energy to generate heat and transfers the heat to the heat dissipation component through the first heat transfer medium 18. The heat dissipation component converts the heat It spreads to the soil and heats up the soil around the device. At the same time, the photothermal conversion tube 7 generates heat, transfers the heat to the first tube shell 8 through the first heat transfer medium 18, and then transfers the heat to the second tube shell 14 through the second heat transfer medium 19. The second tube shell 14 The first heat transfer medium 18 is transferred to the heat dissipation component to heat the soil around the device.
本发明的一个实施例中，光热转化管7为外壁镀有选择性吸收膜17的金属管，光热转化管7能够吸收太阳能产生热量，金属管外壁镀有选择性吸收膜17能够增强吸收太阳能的能力，提高产热的效率。In one embodiment of the present invention, the photothermal conversion tube 7 is a metal tube with an outer wall coated with a selective absorption film 17. The photothermal conversion tube 7 can absorb solar energy to generate heat. The outer wall of the metal tube is coated with a selective absorption film 17 to enhance absorption. The ability of solar energy to increase the efficiency of heat production.
本发明的一个实施例中，光透射管5为外壁镀有增透膜16的玻璃管，玻璃管为硼硅玻璃制作而成，增透膜16通过光的干涉原理来增加透射光，增大光热转化管7的太阳辐射能搜集量。In one embodiment of the present invention, the light transmission tube 5 is a glass tube with an outer wall coated with an anti-reflection film 16. The glass tube is made of borosilicate glass. The anti-reflection film 16 increases the transmitted light through the interference principle of light, thereby increasing the The amount of solar radiation energy collected by the photothermal conversion tube 7.
本发明的一个实施例中，第一接头2和第二接头15均为变形补偿器，变形补偿器包括能够在轴向发生相对运动的内套筒和外套筒，内套筒和光热转化管7连接，外套筒和光透射管5连接。由于光热转化管7为金属材质，光透射管5为玻璃材质，金属材质的温度膨胀系数比玻璃材质要大；同时，光热转化管7的工作温度要高于光透射管5，因此光热转化管7的热膨胀变形要大于光透射管5的热膨胀变形。为保证两者间协调工作而不致相互影响而变形破坏，因此采用套筒式变形补偿器进行密封连接，以保证太阳能真空集热组件内部介质不泄漏。In one embodiment of the present invention, both the first joint 2 and the second joint 15 are deformation compensators. The deformation compensators include an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve capable of relative movement in the axial direction. The inner sleeve and the photothermal converter The tube 7 is connected, and the outer sleeve and the light transmission tube 5 are connected. Since the photothermal conversion tube 7 is made of metal and the light transmission tube 5 is made of glass, the temperature expansion coefficient of the metal material is larger than that of the glass material; at the same time, the working temperature of the photothermal conversion tube 7 is higher than that of the light transmission tube 5, so the photothermal conversion The thermal expansion deformation of the tube 7 is greater than the thermal expansion deformation of the light transmission tube 5 . In order to ensure that the two work in coordination without affecting each other and causing deformation and damage, a sleeve-type deformation compensator is used for sealed connection to ensure that the internal medium of the solar vacuum heat collecting component does not leak.
套筒式变形补偿器的内套筒采用自压式密封结构，可以随着光热转化管7的伸缩在光透射管5内自由滑动，并始终保持光热转化管7和光透射管5之间的空间处于密封状态。The inner sleeve of the sleeve-type deformation compensator adopts a self-pressing sealing structure, which can slide freely in the light transmission tube 5 as the photothermal conversion tube 7 expands and contracts, and always maintains the gap between the photothermal conversion tube 7 and the light transmission tube 5 The space is sealed.
光热转化管7和光透射管5之间的密封空间为高真空度的真空腔6，作用为降低光热转化管7产生的热量向周围环境散失，进而提高太阳能真空集热组件的集热效率。The sealed space between the photothermal conversion tube 7 and the light transmission tube 5 is a high-vacuum vacuum cavity 6, which serves to reduce the heat generated by the photothermal conversion tube 7 from being lost to the surrounding environment, thereby improving the heat collection efficiency of the solar vacuum heat collecting assembly.
本发明的一个实施例中，第一管壳8和第二管壳14的内部导通空间为具有某一固定真空度的负压环境。第二传热介质19只有在太阳能真空集热组件的集热温度达到某一固定值以上时才会气化，进而进行气、液两相循环传热，以保证太阳能真空集热组件向路基散热组件的单向热量传递方向，防止出现逆向热流而引起路基热量损失的不利现象。In one embodiment of the present invention, the internal communication space between the first tube 8 and the second tube 14 is a negative pressure environment with a certain fixed degree of vacuum. The second heat transfer medium 19 will only vaporize when the heat collection temperature of the solar vacuum heat collection component reaches above a certain fixed value, and then perform gas and liquid two-phase heat transfer to ensure that the solar vacuum heat collection component dissipates heat to the roadbed. The one-way heat transfer direction of the component prevents the adverse phenomenon of reverse heat flow causing heat loss in the roadbed.
本发明的一个实施例中，光透射管5上设有真空尾嘴4，用于将真空腔6抽吸到设计真空度后进行密封。真空腔6内设有蒸散型吸气剂3，例如将蒸散型吸气剂3贴在套筒式变形补偿器的壁面上，蒸散型吸气剂3用于吸收真空腔6内释放出的微量气体，以保持真空度。In one embodiment of the present invention, the light transmission tube 5 is provided with a vacuum tail nozzle 4 for sucking the vacuum chamber 6 to a designed vacuum degree for sealing. There is an evaporable getter 3 in the vacuum chamber 6. For example, the evaporable getter 3 is attached to the wall of the sleeve-type deformation compensator. The evaporable getter 3 is used to absorb the trace amount released in the vacuum chamber 6. gas to maintain vacuum.
本发明的一个实施例中，第一接头2上设有端盖1使光热转化管7的一端形成密封，端盖1是一个带内螺纹的端头密封盖，采用不锈钢或黄铜材料制成，用于开启和密封光热转化管7的内部空间。In one embodiment of the present invention, an end cap 1 is provided on the first joint 2 to form a seal on one end of the photothermal conversion tube 7. The end cap 1 is an end sealing cap with internal threads and is made of stainless steel or brass. It is used to open and seal the internal space of the photothermal conversion tube 7 .
本发明的一个实施例中，锥形导向帽13为一个锥形的实心金属体，采用碳钢材质，具有强度高和刚性大的优点。散热翅片10为圆环状的金属片，采用铝材质制作而成。In one embodiment of the present invention, the conical guide cap 13 is a conical solid metal body made of carbon steel, which has the advantages of high strength and rigidity. The heat dissipation fins 10 are circular metal sheets made of aluminum.
本发明的一个实施例中，散热管11的一端通过异径型螺纹连接器9与第二接头15连接，异径型螺纹连接器9设有两个内径不同的螺纹管道，散热管11的一端连接异径型螺纹连接器9的一个螺纹管道，第二接头15连接异径型螺纹连接器9的另一个螺纹管道。由此将光热转化管7和散热管11的内部空间连接为一个连通的整体。异径型螺纹连接器9采用合金钢材质，具有强度高和延性好的优点。In one embodiment of the present invention, one end of the heat pipe 11 is connected to the second joint 15 through a reducing threaded connector 9. The reducing threaded connector 9 is provided with two threaded pipes with different inner diameters. One end of the heat pipe 11 One threaded pipe of the reducing threaded connector 9 is connected, and the second joint 15 is connected with the other threaded pipe of the reducing threaded connector 9 . Thus, the internal spaces of the photothermal conversion tube 7 and the heat dissipation tube 11 are connected into a connected whole. The reducing thread connector 9 is made of alloy steel and has the advantages of high strength and good ductility.
本发明的一个实施例中，第一传热介质18可以采用导热油。In one embodiment of the present invention, the first heat transfer medium 18 may be heat transfer oil.
本发明的一个实施例中，第一管壳8和第二管壳14为具有一定直径和长度的金属圆管，采用铜、铝或不锈钢材质。第二传热介质19为低沸点、易挥发的化学液体。密封件用于隔开第一管壳8和第二管壳14的冷、热气流，保证热量的高效传递。In one embodiment of the present invention, the first tube shell 8 and the second tube shell 14 are metal circular tubes with a certain diameter and length, made of copper, aluminum or stainless steel. The second heat transfer medium 19 is a low boiling point, volatile chemical liquid. The seal is used to separate the cold and hot air flows of the first tube shell 8 and the second tube shell 14 to ensure efficient heat transfer.
本发明的一个实施例中，第一管壳8的内壁和第二管壳14的内壁设有吸液芯21，吸液芯21通过钢丝网20紧贴在第一管壳8的内壁和第二管壳14的内壁。In one embodiment of the present invention, the inner wall of the first tube shell 8 and the inner wall of the second tube shell 14 are provided with a liquid-absorbent core 21. The liquid-absorbent core 21 is closely attached to the inner wall of the first tube shell 8 and the second tube shell 14 through the steel wire mesh 20. The inner wall of the second tube shell 14.
吸液芯21为毛细多孔材料，作用为通过毛细力作用将第二管壳14中的液态的第二传热介质19输送回第一管壳8中。The liquid-absorbing wick 21 is a capillary porous material, and is used to transport the liquid second heat transfer medium 19 in the second tube shell 14 back to the first tube shell 8 through capillary force.
支架12用于将液芯型热管组件牢固地固定在光热转化管7和散热管11内部的连通空间内，并浸入所述高温导热油中来传递热量。The bracket 12 is used to firmly fix the liquid core heat pipe assembly in the connected space inside the photothermal conversion tube 7 and the heat dissipation tube 11, and is immersed in the high-temperature heat transfer oil to transfer heat.
如图5所示，本发明的实施例提供了一种路基防冻胀方法，包括：As shown in Figure 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a roadbed anti-frost heaving method, which includes:
步骤S501，确定季节性冻土区存在冻胀病害路基的最大冻结深度。Step S501: Determine the maximum freezing depth of the roadbed with frost heave disease in the seasonally frozen soil area.
在冻胀病害位置布设温度监测孔和变形监测孔，通过长期监测数据确定冻结锋面在路基中的移动规律，并确定冻结锋面的最大深度，即冻胀病害的最大发育深度。Temperature monitoring holes and deformation monitoring holes are arranged at the location of frost heave disease. The movement pattern of the freezing front in the roadbed is determined through long-term monitoring data, and the maximum depth of the freezing front is determined, that is, the maximum development depth of frost heave disease.
步骤S502，计算防治冻胀路基所需的供热量和热负荷。Step S502: Calculate the heat supply and heat load required to prevent frost heave subgrade.
首先测定冻胀地层填料的体积热容量和土中水的冰点温度，然后根据冻胀发生时的最低温度，基于热储量理论计算冻胀期间路基由实际温度提升至冰点温度以上时所需的供热量，由此计算冻胀期间冻胀地层在每延米长度上的热负荷。First, measure the volumetric heat capacity of the frost heave stratum filler and the freezing point temperature of the water in the soil. Then, based on the lowest temperature when frost heave occurs, calculate the heat supply required when the actual temperature of the roadbed rises from the actual temperature to above the freezing point temperature during the frost heave based on the heat storage theory. quantity, thereby calculating the heat load of the frost-heaved formation per linear meter during the frost-heaving period.
步骤S503，确定针对路基冻胀的热管式太阳光热装置的供热容量。Step S503: Determine the heating capacity of the heat pipe solar thermal device for frost heaving of the roadbed.
根据区域太阳能流密度的季节性变化规律和太阳能光热转化效率，综合确定热管式太阳光热装置的最大和平均供热温度及其对应的有效供热半径。According to the seasonal variation pattern of regional solar flow density and solar photothermal conversion efficiency, the maximum and average heating temperatures of heat pipe solar thermal devices and their corresponding effective heating radius are comprehensively determined.
步骤S504，确定针对路基冻胀的热管式太阳光热装置的几何型式和布设方案。Step S504: Determine the geometric type and layout plan of the heat pipe solar thermal device for frost heaving of the roadbed.
根据路基热负荷水平和热管式太阳光热装置的有效供热半径，确定热管式太阳光热装置在路基横断面上的布设位置，包括路基肩部、路基边坡中部或者路基坡脚处，以及在路基纵向上的布设间距，布设间距的取值范围为2.0～4.0m。再根据路基热负荷水平和装置布设间距，确定装置所需提供的供热量，据此确定装置的几何尺寸，包括光热转化管的管径和长度，即集热面积，以及散热管的管径和长度，即散热面积，管径的取值范围为110～150mm。同时，装置几何尺寸和布设间距要协调至两者几何尺寸不过大。According to the subgrade heat load level and the effective heating radius of the heat pipe solar thermal device, determine the layout position of the heat pipe solar thermal device on the subgrade cross-section, including the subgrade shoulder, the middle of the subgrade slope, or the foot of the subgrade slope, and The layout spacing in the longitudinal direction of the subgrade, the layout spacing ranges from 2.0 to 4.0m. Then, according to the heat load level of the roadbed and the device layout spacing, the heat supply required by the device is determined. Based on this, the geometric size of the device is determined, including the diameter and length of the photothermal conversion tube, that is, the heat collection area, and the tube size of the heat dissipation tube. diameter and length, that is, the heat dissipation area. The value range of the pipe diameter is 110~150mm. At the same time, the geometric size of the device and the layout spacing should be coordinated until the geometric size of the two is not too large.
步骤S505，制作针对路基冻胀的热管式太阳光热装置。Step S505: Make a heat pipe solar thermal device for frost heaving of roadbed.
步骤S506，对路基进行钻孔，安装针对路基冻胀的热管式太阳光热装置。Step S506: Drill the roadbed and install a heat pipe solar thermal device to prevent frost heaving of the roadbed.
采用钻机在冻胀路段内施工，钻挖设计倾斜度和长度的孔洞，钻孔偏斜率小于0.5％，钻进过程中随时采用陀螺测斜仪控制和检测钻孔质量；采用吊机将装置吊装入预先钻挖好的孔洞内，然后采用高导热材料将装置与孔洞之间的缝隙回填密实；装置安装完成并现场检查无误后，投入运行。A drilling rig is used for construction in the frost-heaved road section, and holes with the designed inclination and length are drilled. The drilling deflection rate is less than 0.5%. During the drilling process, a gyro inclinometer is used to control and detect the drilling quality at any time; a crane is used to hoist the device. into the pre-drilled hole, and then use high thermal conductivity material to backfill the gap between the device and the hole tightly; after the device is installed and inspected on site, it is put into operation.
本发明的优点为：The advantages of the present invention are:
(1)相比既有的路基填料土质改良、水分控制和被动保温等防冻胀措施，本装置可以从路基体温度这一角度入手，更为积极地调控路基的温度变化。尤其是，可以在全年中有太阳辐射的条件下，时刻地搜集、转化与传递热量，相比路基在天然条件下的热量收支状态，可以主动地提高路基的热输入量，由此提高路基全年的平均温度水平。一方面，利用夏季的高辐射量条件，大幅度地增加热输入量，由此提高路基在入冬时的温度水平，提高抗冻胀能力。另一方面，在冬季太阳辐射条件良好的条件下，也可以实时地输入热量，补偿路基的过度热量损失，由此综合地将路基温度保持在冰点温度以上，即可消除冻胀现象。相比既有防冻胀措施，本装置可以更进一步地防治冻胀发生。(1) Compared with existing anti-frost heaving measures such as soil improvement of subgrade fill, moisture control, and passive insulation, this device can start from the perspective of subgrade body temperature and more actively regulate the temperature changes of the subgrade. In particular, it can collect, transform and transfer heat all the time under the conditions of solar radiation throughout the year. Compared with the heat budget of the roadbed under natural conditions, it can actively increase the heat input of the roadbed, thereby improving The average temperature level of the roadbed throughout the year. On the one hand, the high radiation conditions in summer are used to greatly increase the heat input, thereby increasing the temperature level of the roadbed in winter and improving the frost heave resistance. On the other hand, when solar radiation conditions are good in winter, heat can also be input in real time to compensate for the excessive heat loss of the roadbed, thus comprehensively keeping the roadbed temperature above the freezing point and eliminating the frost heave phenomenon. Compared with existing anti-frost heave measures, this device can further prevent and control the occurrence of frost heave.
(2)本装置的防冻胀效果来源为太阳能，太阳能是分布最为广泛、储量最为丰富的一类可再生热能。存在冻胀病害的路基一般位于北部纬度高和海拔高的地区，在这些地区恰恰是太阳能分布较为丰富的地区，因此太阳能面向路基冻胀问题具有区域分布上的资源性条件。同时，路基工程一般位于地势相对平坦的位置，太阳照射条件良好，便于取用。(2) The anti-frost heaving effect of this device comes from solar energy, which is the most widely distributed and abundant type of renewable thermal energy. Roadbeds with frost heave disease are generally located in areas with high northern latitudes and high altitudes. These areas are precisely areas where solar energy is relatively abundant. Therefore, solar energy has resource conditions for regional distribution in addressing frost heave problems in roadbeds. At the same time, roadbed projects are generally located in relatively flat locations with good sunlight conditions and easy access.
(3)本装置可以自主地实现太阳辐射能的光热转化、热量储存和路基供热等一系列工作程序，自成一体化、自驱化的完整供热装置。尤其是，装置实用化程度高，人为操控需求低，可以长时间的无人值守，适合应用在环境恶劣、人工值守不便的长距离路基工程中。(3) This device can independently realize a series of working procedures such as photothermal conversion of solar radiation energy, heat storage and roadbed heating, etc., forming a self-integrated and self-driven complete heating device. In particular, the device has a high degree of practicality, low human control requirements, and can be left unattended for a long time. It is suitable for application in long-distance roadbed projects with harsh environments and inconvenient manual attendance.
(4)本装置部件组成与型式简洁，一方面，装置结构紧凑，整体强度高，稳定性好，适合应用于路基震动工况。另一方面，功能部件为立式柱状，布设位置、间距、角度及几何尺寸等设计方案可以灵活调整。尤其是，便于以长距离连续分布的点式布设方案，适合应用于路基分散式和大深度的冻胀分布特征。(4) The components and type of this device are simple. On the one hand, the device has a compact structure, high overall strength and good stability, and is suitable for use in roadbed vibration conditions. On the other hand, the functional components are in the shape of vertical columns, and the design solutions such as layout position, spacing, angle and geometric size can be flexibly adjusted. In particular, the point layout scheme is convenient for long-distance continuous distribution, and is suitable for distributed subgrade and large-depth frost heave distribution characteristics.
(5)本装置采用的液芯型热管组件内部填充具有气液两相循环功能的第二传热介质，结合静态热传导的第一传热介质，可以高效快速地将太阳能真空集热组件搜集的太阳热能传递至路基散热组件。装置供热功能启动速度快，具有固定的供热启动温度和单向传热性能，供热功能和防冻胀效果更优。(5) The liquid core heat pipe assembly used in this device is filled with a second heat transfer medium with a gas-liquid two-phase circulation function. Combined with the first heat transfer medium of static heat conduction, the solar vacuum heat collection assembly can efficiently and quickly collect Solar heat energy is transferred to the roadbed cooling components. The heating function of the device starts quickly, has a fixed heating starting temperature and one-way heat transfer performance, and has better heating function and anti-frost heaving effect.
以上所述实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still implement the above-mentioned implementations. The technical solutions described in the examples are modified, or some of the technical features are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of each embodiment of the present invention, and should be included in within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN112923579B (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-02-01 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Lying type anti-freezing expansion heat-collecting device and roadbed thereof |
| CN112923581B (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2022-08-26 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Unpowered frost-proof expansion heat-collecting device and roadbed thereof |
| CN113047105A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-29 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Integrated anti-freezing and anti-expansion heat collecting device and roadbed thereof |
| CN112923584B (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-03-04 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Photo-convergent anti-freeze-heave heat-gathering device and its roadbed |
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