CN109576456A - A kind of heat treatment process refining large-scale steel-casting grain size - Google Patents
A kind of heat treatment process refining large-scale steel-casting grain size Download PDFInfo
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- CN109576456A CN109576456A CN201910049210.2A CN201910049210A CN109576456A CN 109576456 A CN109576456 A CN 109576456A CN 201910049210 A CN201910049210 A CN 201910049210A CN 109576456 A CN109576456 A CN 109576456A
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- temperature
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- normalizing
- steel
- heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of heat treatment process for refining large-scale steel-casting grain size, steel-casting is heated to 50 DEG C~70 DEG C of Ac3 phase transition temperature or more with the heating rate of≤70 DEG C/h and is once kept the temperature by including normalizing and tempering, when normalizing, and a soaking time is T1；Then temperature is declined 30~50 DEG C and carries out secondary heat preservation, secondary soaking time is T2；Total soaking time Tw=T1+T2=4+ (t-100)/50~80 hour, cools the temperature to 200 DEG C or less after secondary heat preservation；High tempering is used for the steel-casting through a normalizing.Conventional high-temperature region constant temperature normalizing is improved to the heat preservation normalizing of ladder cooling-down type by the present invention, guarantee the abundant austenitizing of tissue on the basis of reduction crystal grain long main trend, to effectively improve the homogenization of tissue, improves the fine and smooth degree of crystal grain, enhance the mechanical performance of workpiece；In addition energy consumption can be also effectively reduced, production cost is reduced, shortens the production cycle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates at steel-casting technical field of heat treatment more particularly to a kind of heat of refinement large-scale steel-casting grain size
Science and engineering skill.
Background technique
It is higher and higher to the quality requirement of large-scale steel-casting with the continuous development of equipment manufacture；" low-carbon ring simultaneously
The theory of guarantor " also becomes enterprise's common recognition.This just needs equipment manufacture in internal production process, by technological improvement, improves
While product quality, the production cost of product is reduced.
Normalizing is to refine the effective way of steel-casting grain size, can be full by a normalizing for general steel-casting
Sufficient performance requirement, but for wall thickness super large (wall thickness is more than 900mm), performance requirement and high steel-casting, a normalizing
Performance afterwards can not be up to standard, and grain size also can not meet the requirement of ultrasonic examination, generally requires by full annealing, one
Secondary normalizing, secondary normalizing, tempering mode be just able to satisfy performance and flaw detection require, cause the production cycle long, resource cost is serious.
How normalizing process is optimized, reaches effective mesh that is energy saving, shortening production cycle, guarantee product mechanical performance
, just become the direction taped the latent power inside industry.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of heat treatment process for refining large-scale steel-casting grain size, just by conventional high-temperature region constant temperature
Fire is improved to the heat preservation normalizing of ladder cooling-down type, on the basis of reduction crystal grain long main trend, guarantees the abundant austenitizing of tissue, from
And the homogenization of tissue is effectively improved, improve the fine and smooth degree of crystal grain, enhances the mechanical performance of workpiece；Ladder cooling-down type is kept the temperature just
Fire can also effectively reduce energy consumption, reduce production cost, shorten the production cycle, improve working efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented with the following technical solutions:
A kind of heat treatment process refining large-scale steel-casting grain size, the heat treatment process include normalizing and tempering, tool
Body is as follows:
1) normalizing:
Steel-casting is heated to 50 DEG C~70 DEG C of Ac3 phase transition temperature or more with the heating rate of≤70 DEG C/h, in this temperature
Lower once to be kept the temperature, a soaking time is T1；Temperature is declined 30~50 DEG C after primary heat preservation and carries out secondary heat preservation, it is secondary
Soaking time is T2；Total soaking time Tw=T1+T2=4+ (t-100)/50~80 hour, t is that the effective of steel-casting adds in formula
Hot thickness is calculated as t < 100mm by 100mm；
2) cooling:
Using air-cooled or air-cooled cool the temperature to 200 DEG C or less after secondary heat preservation；
3) it is tempered:
High tempering is used for the steel-casting through a normalizing.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) soaking time of high-temperature region is shortened；The present invention will heat up speed control in≤70 DEG C/h, the drop of heating rate
Low is also a kind of extension of diathermanous time；It is kept the temperature by the constant temperature in high-temperature region (more than phase transition temperature 50 DEG C~70 DEG C sections), it can
To open the Dendritic TiC generated in casting process, while it can guarantee effective diffusion of each chemical element in steel；
2) low-temperature space (phase transition temperature interval) soaking time is increased；The increase of low-temperature space soaking time, can effectively more
The deficiency of high-temperature region soaking time, while the low-temperature insulation after cooling are mended, growing up for crystal grain can be effectively inhibited, and can extend
The diffusion time of each element, reaches and is uniformly distributed in steel, so as to improve the isotropism of steel-casting, realize refinement crystal grain,
Enhance the purpose of mechanical performance；On this basis, production cost can also be reduced by reducing holding temperature；
3) the air-cooled or air-cooled type of cooling is used, the service efficiency of heating furnace can be improved, to improve production efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of heat treatment cycle curve figure for refining large-scale steel-casting grain size of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the heat treatment cycle curve figure of G-24Mn6 steel alloy frame body described in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the heat treatment cycle curve figure of 1 comparative example of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the metallographic structure figure after the heat treatment of G-24Mn6 steel alloy frame body described in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 5 is the metallographic structure figure of 1 comparative example of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the heat treatment cycle curve figure of web described in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 7 is the heat treatment cycle curve figure of 2 comparative example of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the metallographic structure figure after the heat treatment of web described in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 9 is the metallographic structure figure of 2 comparative example of the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the heat treatment cycle curve figure of bogie described in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Figure 11 is the heat treatment cycle curve figure of 3 comparative example of the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the metallographic structure figure after the heat treatment of bogie described in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Figure 13 is the metallographic structure figure of 3 comparative example of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is a kind of heat treatment process for refining large-scale steel-casting grain size, the heat treatment process
It is specific as follows including normalizing and tempering:
1) normalizing:
Steel-casting is heated to 50 DEG C~70 DEG C of Ac3 phase transition temperature or more with the heating rate of≤70 DEG C/h, in this temperature
Lower once to be kept the temperature, a soaking time is T1；Temperature is declined 30~50 DEG C after primary heat preservation and carries out secondary heat preservation, it is secondary
Soaking time is T2；Total soaking time Tw=T1+T2=4+ (t-100)/50~80 hour, t is that the effective of steel-casting adds in formula
Hot thickness is calculated as t < 100mm by 100mm；
2) cooling:
Using air-cooled or air-cooled cool the temperature to 200 DEG C or less after secondary heat preservation；
3) it is tempered:
High tempering is used for the steel-casting through a normalizing.
T1, T2 can be adjusted according to effective heating thickness h of steel-casting and the number of inside workpiece alloy content, thickness
T is bigger, alloy content is more, then T1 proportion is more；It is on the contrary then T2 proportion is more.
High tempering must be carried out for the steel-casting through a normalizing, to stablize its performance.
Following embodiment is implemented under the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, gives detailed embodiment and tool
The operating process of body, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.Method therefor is such as without spy in following embodiments
Not mentionleting alone bright is conventional method.
In following embodiments, respectively using a kind of heat treatment process pair for refining large-scale steel-casting grain size of the present invention
Different steel-castings is heat-treated (embodiment), while being compared with using the comparative example of normative heat treatment method；Each reality
The heat treatment process for applying example is as follows:
1, the mouth of a river of steel-casting, riser are cut off, and carries out sand removal processing, be packed into heat treatment furnace after being fully completed；
2, heat treatment normalizing curve is set；
3, the service performance of heat treatment furnace is detected, guarantees the needs for meeting heat treatment cycle curve；
4, it according to the requirement of normalizing curve, is heated up and is heated with≤70 DEG C/h speed；
5, according to the time that can interrupt casting Dendritic TiC, first Ac3 (the austenitizing critical-temperature of sub-eutectoid steel) with
Upper 50~70 DEG C of high-temperature region is once kept the temperature；
6, temperature reduces by 30~50 DEG C and carries out secondary heat preservation, until effective soaking time, guarantees the abundant austenitizing of workpiece；
7, it is cooled down in such a way that steel-casting can reach technical requirements.
[embodiment 1]
In the present embodiment, G-24Mn6 steel alloy frame body is heat-treated with the method for the invention, G-24Mn6 alloy
The main chemical compositions of steelframe body are as follows: C 0.23%, Si 0.45%, Mn 1.70%, S 0.003%, P 0.004%.It is mechanical
Performance requirement are as follows: Rp0.2 >=500Mpa, Rm650~800Mpa, A >=15%, KV >=27J (- 30 DEG C), HB≤248.
The heat treatment cycle curve of G-24Mn6 steel alloy frame body described in the present embodiment is as shown in Figure 2.Using normative heat treatment
The heat treatment cycle curve of the comparative example of method is as shown in Figure 3.
Test check result:
Embodiment Rp0.2:606Mpa；Rm:754Mpa；KV:61J 55J 45J (- 30 DEG C)；A:24.5%；Z:55%；
HBW:229 230 230；Mechanical performance complies fully with requirement；Metallographic structure figure is as shown in figure 4,7 grades of grain size.
Comparative example Rp0.2:380~480Mpa (< 500Mpa)；Rm:590~640Mpa (< 650Mpa)；KV:8~22J
(< 27J)；Above-mentioned mechanical performance is undesirable, and metallographic structure figure is as shown in figure 5,4.5 grades of grain size.
Conclusion: in the present embodiment, in the case where only adjusting normalizing, tempering process and modulation process do not change, casting
Grain size be significantly improved so that the performance of casting has very big improvement, fully meet the technology of drawing
It is required that.
[embodiment 2]
In the present embodiment, web is heat-treated with the method for the invention, the main chemical compositions of web are as follows:
C:0.21%, Si 0.69%, Mn 1.19%, P 0.015%, S 0.002%, Cr 0.24%, Ni 0.14%；Mechanical performance
It is required that are as follows: Rel >=275Mpa, Rm >=470Mpa, A >=16%, Z >=30%, KV >=39J (20 DEG C).
The heat treatment cycle curve of web described in the present embodiment is as shown in Figure 6.Using the comparison of normative heat treatment method
The heat treatment cycle curve of example is as shown in Figure 7.
Test check result:
Embodiment Rel:308Mpa；Rm:551Mpa；A:31.5%；Z:63%；AKU:93~117J (20 DEG C)；Mechanicalness
Requirement can be complied fully with；Metallographic structure figure is as shown in figure 8,7 grades of grain size.
Comparative example Rel:298Mpa, Rm518Mpa, A:32.5%, Z:67%, AKU:96~126J (20 DEG C), mechanical performance
Comply fully with requirement；Metallographic structure figure is as shown in figure 9,5.5 grades of grain size.
Conclusion: in the present embodiment, while cancelling original annealing process, improving normalizing process, so that heat treatment work
Reduce nearly 30 hours skill total time；The grain size of casting is obviously improved simultaneously, and properties of product are guaranteed,
Under the premise of meeting drawing technical requirements, production efficiency is improved, and cost reduces, and has been truly realized " emission reduction synergy ".
[embodiment 3]
In the present embodiment, web is heat-treated with the method for the invention, the main chemical compositions of web are as follows:
C:0.226%, Si:0.445%, Mn:0.76%, P:0.009%, S:0.004%, Cr:0.15%, Ni:0.076%.It is mechanical
Performance requirement: Rp0.2 >=262Mpa, Rm >=482Mpa, A >=24%, Z >=36%, HBW:137~208, KV >=20.4J (- 6.7
℃)。
The heat treatment cycle curve of web described in the present embodiment is as shown in Figure 10.Using the comparison of normative heat treatment method
The heat treatment cycle curve of example is as shown in figure 11.
Test check result:
Embodiment Rp0.2:308~344Mpa, Rm:519~551Mpa, A:34~38%, Z:53~65%, KV:71~
105J(-6.7℃)；Mechanical performance complies fully with requirement；Metallographic structure figure is as shown in figure 12, and 8.5~9 grades of grain size.
Comparative example Rp0.2:280~315Mpa, Rm:505~515Mpa, A:35~38%, Z:60~68%, KV:31~
78J(-6.7℃)；Mechanical performance meets the requirements；Metallographic structure figure is as shown in figure 13, and 7~7.5 grades of grain size.
Conclusion: in the present embodiment, the normalizing process of bogie is changed to ladder cooling by original high-temperature region constant temperature heat preservation
Formula heat preservation, overall soaking time do not change, but the mechanical performance of product be improved because of the refinement of grain size (by 7~
7.5 grades have been increased to 8.5~9 grades), especially low-temperature impact work is significantly improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of heat treatment process for refining large-scale steel-casting grain size, which is characterized in that the heat treatment process includes normalizing
And tempering, it is specific as follows:
1) normalizing:
Steel-casting is heated to 50 DEG C~70 DEG C of Ac3 phase transition temperature or more with the heating rate of≤70 DEG C/h, at this temperature into
The primary heat preservation of row, a soaking time are T1；Temperature is declined 30 DEG C~50 DEG C after primary heat preservation and carries out secondary heat preservation, secondary guarantor
The warm time is T2；Total soaking time Tw=T1+T2=4+ (t-100)/50~80 hour, t is effective heating of steel-casting in formula
Thickness is calculated as t < 100mm by 100mm；
2) cooling:
Using air-cooled or air-cooled cool the temperature to 200 DEG C or less after secondary heat preservation；
3) it is tempered:
High tempering is used for the steel-casting through a normalizing.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110484703A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-22 | 辽宁福鞍重工股份有限公司 | The heat treatment process of the thick big section Mo ultralow-carbon martensitic steel-casting grain size of refinement |
| CN111621626A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-09-04 | 齐齐哈尔英格机械有限公司 | Heat treatment process method for eliminating as-cast structure of ZG25CrNiMo cast low alloy steel |
| CN111809022A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-23 | 齐齐哈尔英格机械有限公司 | Heat treatment process method for improving mechanical property of ZG25CrNiMo cast low alloy steel |
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| CN101509103A (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2009-08-19 | 中信重工机械股份有限公司 | Prescription of large-scale hoister primary shaft forgeable piece material and grain refining processing technique |
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| CN110484703A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-22 | 辽宁福鞍重工股份有限公司 | The heat treatment process of the thick big section Mo ultralow-carbon martensitic steel-casting grain size of refinement |
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