CN109575985B

CN109575985B - Method for preparing fuel oil from tar

Info

Publication number: CN109575985B
Application number: CN201710895328.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩亚梅; 刘仲能; 钱斌; 刘师前; 李则俊
Original assignee: China Petroleum and Chemical Corp; Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
Current assignee: China Petroleum and Chemical Corp; Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
Priority date: 2017-09-28
Filing date: 2017-09-28
Publication date: 2020-12-29
Anticipated expiration: 2037-09-28
Also published as: CN109575985A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing fuel oil from tar, which mainly solves the problems of low desulfurization rate, denitrification rate and fuel oil yield in the prior art. The method for preparing the fuel oil from the tar is adopted, the tar and the hydrogen are used as raw materials, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst to prepare the fuel oil, and the catalyst comprises an active component, an auxiliary agent and a carrier; the active component is selected from any one of Ni, Mo and W, and the technical scheme that the auxiliary agent comprises Cd obtains a better effect, and can be used for preparing fuel oil by hydrogenation of coal tar and/or ethylene tar.

Description

Method for preparing fuel oil from tar

Technical Field

The present invention belongs to a method for preparing fuel oil from tar.

Background

The problem of energy supply has become a prominent problem in the economic development and safety of China. Under the condition of limited petroleum resources, the energy and fuel source ways are expanded, and the development of deep processing technology and products has important display and strategic significance. Coal tar is a byproduct of coal coking, dry distillation and gasification processes, and the domestic yield of the coal tar exceeds 1000 million tons. At present, a part of coal tar in China is used for extracting chemicals such as naphthol and the like. The other part is simply treated and then burnt as inferior fuel oil to generate a large amount of sewage or NO_x、SO_xAnd the like. The deep removal of hetero atoms such as sulfur, nitrogen and the like and the saturation of unsaturated olefin and aromatic hydrocarbon of the coal tar raw material can be completed by adopting a hydrogenation process so as to improve the H/C ratio of the coal tar, improve the stability of the coal tar, obtain high-quality fuel oil and reduce the environmental pollution. Ethylene tar is a byproduct in the production process of ethylene, the main component of the ethylene tar is aromatic compounds, the carbon-hydrogen ratio is high, and the ash content is very low. Ethylene tar is mostly burned as a poor fuel except for a small amount of ethylene tar used as a raw material for carbon black, but it is not easily burned, has a low calorific value, and easily produces black smoke and smoke during combustionCoking causes environmental pollution. Therefore, the fuel oil produced by the hydrogenation process by using the tar as the raw material can generate obvious economic and social benefits and effectively relieve the current situation of energy shortage in China.

Research and development of a technology for producing gasoline and diesel oil by hydrogenating coal tar have been developed and rapidly developed in China, for example, a document "experimental research on producing fuel oil by hydrogenating coal tar" (Tibet. Industrial safety and environmental protection, 2007,33(7):56-57) and a document "experimental research on producing gasoline and diesel oil by hydrogenating high-temperature coal tar" (Yanjing, Lvcaishan, Liuyi Hua, Dajian Wen. petrochemical, 2006,35(1):33-36) are respectively carried out on the experimental research on hydrogenating coal tar, but the octane number of the obtained gasoline and the cetane number of the diesel oil are low and do not meet the national standard requirements. The reports on the hydrogenation of coal tar at home and abroad are few, and only a few reports (for example, patent US3253202) are related. The research on the technology of producing gasoline and diesel oil by hydrogenating ethylene tar is less, and only a few reports (for example, patent CN200810228387.0) are related at present.

The tar hydrogenation technology aims at producing high-quality gasoline and diesel fuel and improving the yield of oil products as much as possible, and is mainly characterized by a catalyst. The final effect of preparing fuel oil by hydrogenating tar depends on the performance of the catalyst, and the components (active components, auxiliaries and carriers), the preparation method and conditions (forming conditions, roasting temperature, roasting medium and the like) of the catalyst determine the performance of the catalyst. Catalysts having the same chemical composition have different microscopic properties (such as the size of active material grains, the pore size distribution of the catalyst, the dispersion uniformity of active components on the surface of the catalyst, etc.) if the preparation method and conditions are different, resulting in great differences in the performance of the catalysts.

When the catalyst in the prior art is used for preparing fuel oil by hydrogenation of coal tar and/or ethylene tar, the yield of the fuel oil is low, and the sulfur content and the nitrogen content in the fuel oil are high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low desulfurization rate, denitrification rate and fuel yield in the prior art, and provides a method for preparing fuel oil from tar.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the method for preparing the fuel oil from the tar comprises the steps of taking the tar and hydrogen as raw materials, and reacting in the presence of a catalyst to prepare the fuel oil, wherein the catalyst comprises an active component, an auxiliary agent and a carrier; the active component comprises any one of Ni, Mo and W, and the auxiliary agent comprises Cd. The auxiliary agent increases the desulfurization rate, the denitrification rate and the gasoline and diesel oil yield.

In the technical scheme, the reaction temperature is preferably 250-400 ℃, more preferably 300-400 DEG C

In the technical scheme, the volume airspeed of the tar liquid is 0.1-3.0 h^-1More preferably 0.3 to 2.0 hours^-1。

In the technical scheme, the reaction pressure is 5-15 MPa, and more preferably 8-13 MPa.

In the technical scheme, the volume ratio of the hydrogen to the tar is 500-1800: 1, and more preferably 800-1500: 1.

In the technical scheme, the content of the active component is preferably 1-50 g/L.

In the technical scheme, the content of the auxiliary agent is preferably 0.5-10 g/L.

In the above technical solution, the active component preferably includes Ni, Mo and W.

In the technical scheme, the content of Ni is preferably 4-12 g/L.

In the technical scheme, the content of Mo is preferably 8-18 g/L.

In the technical scheme, the content of W is preferably 3-10 g/L.

In the above technical scheme, as one of the more preferable technical schemes, the auxiliary agent comprises Zn and Cd, and the two elements have a synergistic effect in improving the desulfurization rate, the denitrification rate and the fuel yield. In this case, the weight ratio of Zn to Cd is not particularly limited, but is, for example, but not limited to, 0.1 to 10, and more specific examples of the ratio may be 0.21, 0.31, 0.41, 0.51, 0.81, 0.91, 1.01, 1.51, 2.01, 2.51, 3.01, 3.51, 4.01, 4.51, 5.01, 5.51, 6.01, 6.51, 7.01, 7.51, 8.01, 8.51, 9.01, 9.51, and the like.

In the above technical solution, as a second preferred technical solution, the auxiliary agent includes Cd and Fe, and the two elements have a synergistic effect in improving the desulfurization rate, the denitrification rate and the fuel yield. In this case, the weight ratio of Cd to Fe is not particularly limited, but is, for example, but not limited to, 0.1 to 10, and more specific examples of the ratio may be 0.21, 0.31, 0.41, 0.51, 0.81, 0.91, 1.01, 1.51, 2.01, 2.51, 3.01, 3.51, 4.01, 4.51, 5.01, 5.51, 6.01, 6.51, 7.01, 7.51, 8.01, 8.51, 9.01, 9.51, and the like.

In the above technical solution, as a third preferred technical solution, the assistant further includes Zn and Fe, and the Zn and Fe have a synergistic effect in improving the desulfurization rate, the denitrification rate, and the fuel yield. In this case, the weight ratio of Zn to Fe is not particularly limited, but is, for example, not limited to, 0.1 to 10, and more specific examples of the ratio may be 0.21, 0.31, 0.41, 0.51, 0.81, 0.91, 1.01, 1.51, 2.01, 2.51, 3.01, 3.51, 4.01, 4.51, 5.01, 5.51, 6.01, 6.51, 7.01, 7.51, 8.01, 8.51, 9.01, 9.51, and the like.

In the technical scheme, the auxiliary agent simultaneously comprises Zn, Cd and Fe, and the three have ternary synergistic effect in the aspects of improving the desulfurization rate, the denitrification rate and the fuel yield.

In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the support is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select it reasonably without inventive work, but preferably at least one from the group consisting of alumina and mordenite.

In the above technical solution, the carrier more preferably comprises alumina and mordenite.

In the technical scheme, the weight part ratio of the alumina to the mordenite is preferably (75-95): (5-25).

In the above technical solution, the catalyst is preferably prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

(1) mixing the carrier with an active ingredient solution;

(2) drying;

(3) roasting;

(4) mixing with an auxiliary agent solution;

(5) drying;

(6) and (4) roasting.

In the above technical solution, the drying conditions are not particularly limited, for example, but not limited to, the drying temperature in step (2) and step (5) is independently selected from 60 to 120 ℃ (for non-limiting example, within this range, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃, etc.), and the drying time in step (2) and step (5) is, for example, but not limited to, at least independently 6 hours, for example, 6 to 18 hours (for non-limiting example, within this range, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.); the roasting temperature in the step (3) and the roasting temperature in the step (6) are independently and preferably 400-600 ℃, more preferably 350-550 ℃, and the roasting time in the step (3) and the step (6) is independently and preferably 3-8 hours; the atmosphere for calcination is preferably air.

In the above technical solution, the shape of the hydrogenation catalyst is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a sphere, a bar, a ring, a wheel, a cylinder, a clover or a sheet.

In the above technical scheme, the drying equipment for catalyst preparation may be a commonly used vacuum drying oven, forced air drying oven, rotary dryer, spray dryer, caterpillar dryer or film dryer, etc.

In the above technical scheme, the roasting equipment for catalyst preparation can be a common vertical continuous roasting furnace, a drum roasting furnace or a kiln roasting furnace, etc.

The technical key of the invention is the selection of the catalyst, and for the specific method, the technical personnel in the field can reasonably select the catalyst without creative labor.

In the technical scheme, natural montmorillonite or other acidic natural ores with a light cracking function accounting for 4-25% of the mass of the hydrogenation catalyst or natural ores diluted by heat-resistant inert materials such as quartz sand can be filled on the hydrogenation catalyst bed layer, or the natural ores can not be filled.

In the above technical scheme, before the tar is fed, the hydrogenation catalyst can be pre-vulcanized by using a vulcanizing agent (for example, carbon disulfide or dimethyl disulfide, etc.), and the specific process conditions for pre-vulcanization can be reasonably selected by those skilled in the art without creative labor. For example, the prevulcanisation conditions may be: sulfurThe melting temperature is 250-300 ℃, and the volume airspeed of the vulcanized oil liquid is 0.5-2.0 h^-1The pressure of the vulcanization reaction is 3-10 MPa, the volume ratio of hydrogen to vulcanized oil (500-2000): 1, and the vulcanization time is 12-48 hours.

The catalyst of the present invention is not particularly limited in the source and nature of tar, and may be, for example, coal tar or ethylene tar. When coal tar is used, the coal tar in general can be hydrotreated by the catalyst of the invention, and the properties of the coal tar are as follows:

the N content is 5000-15000 ppm, the S content is 1000-10000 ppm, and the distillation range is 180-500 ℃. In order to compare, the coal tar adopted by the specific embodiment of the invention has N content of 8200ppm, S content of 4000ppm and distillation range of 180-500 ℃.

The sulfur content is measured according to GB/T6324.4-86 method for measuring trace sulfur in organic liquid products, and the nitrogen content is measured according to ZD/B15-56-1999 method for analyzing nitrogen in oil products.

The desulfurization rate [% of sulfur in coal tar-sulfur content in liquid phase product)/sulfur in coal tar ] is 100%

The denitrogenation rate [ ((nitrogen content in coal tar-nitrogen content in liquid phase product)/nitrogen content in coal tar) × 100%

Gasoline and diesel yield%

In the above calculation formula, those skilled in the art understand that the liquid phase product refers to the hydrogenation product before the separation of gasoline and diesel oil, and the H generated after hydrogenation is easily removed by simple methods in the prior art₂S or NH₃Removal, e.g. caustic washing, can remove H₂S, acid washing can remove NH₃Etc., so that the sulfur content in the liquid phase product is not counted by H₂S, nitrogen content in liquid-phase product is not counted by NH₃。

The type of reactor to which the catalyst of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited, and for example, but not limited to, a fixed bed reactor, and other types of reactors such as fluidized bed, moving bed, etc. are also possible.

By adopting the invention, the desulfurization rate is as high as 97.4%, the denitrification rate is as high as 98.2%, the yield of gasoline and diesel oil is as high as 90.2%, and beneficial technical effects are achieved, and the method can be used in the production of fuel oil by hydrogenation of coal tar and/or ethylene tar.

Detailed Description

[ example 1 ]

1. Preparation of the support

100 parts of commercially available activated aluminum hydroxide dry glue powder, 10 parts of mordenite molecular sieve raw powder, 8 parts of 1:1 nitric acid, 2.1 parts of citric acid, 5 parts of sesbania powder and 45 parts of distilled water are uniformly mixed, extruded, dried at 110 ℃ for 10 hours and roasted at 470 ℃ in air atmosphere for 5 hours to obtain a cylindrical carrier with the diameter of 1.3mm and the length of 3 mm.

2. Catalyst preparation

1L of the cylindrical carrier was mixed with 900ml of a nickel nitrate-ammonium molybdate-ammonium metatungstate mixed aqueous solution (containing 7g of Ni, 11g of Mo and 5g of W), dried at 110 ℃ for 8 hours, and calcined at 450 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 5 hours to obtain a catalyst precursor.

By ICP analysis, the catalyst composition was: ni, 7 g/L; mo, 11 g/L; w, 5 g/L.

3. Catalyst evaluation

50ml of a catalyst was charged in a fixed bed reactor, and the catalyst was presulfided using aviation kerosene containing 3% by mass of dimethyl disulfide as a sulfur oil. The vulcanization conditions are as follows: the vulcanization temperature is 280 ℃, and the liquid volume space velocity of the vulcanized oil is 1.5h^-1Hydrogen pressure 5MPa, volume ratio of hydrogen to vulcanized oil 1000:1, and vulcanization time 24 hours.

And (3) carrying out coal tar hydrogenation reaction on the vulcanized catalyst. The reaction conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature is 380 ℃, and the volume space velocity of coal tar liquid is 0.6h^-1The reaction pressure is 10MPa, and the volume ratio of hydrogen to coal tar is 1100: 1.

For convenience of explanation and comparison, the composition of the catalyst and the catalyst evaluation results are shown in table 1.

[ example 2 ]

1. Preparation of the support

2. Catalyst preparation

The catalyst precursor was mixed with 900ml of an aqueous ferric nitrate solution (containing 4g of Fe), dried at 110 ℃ for 10 hours, and calcined at 490 ℃ for 5 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain a catalyst.

By ICP analysis, the catalyst composition was: ni, 7 g/L; mo, 11 g/L; w, 5 g/L; fe, 4 g/L.

3. Catalyst evaluation

[ example 3 ]

1. Preparation of the support

2. Catalyst preparation

The catalyst precursor was mixed with 900ml of an aqueous zinc nitrate solution (containing 4g of Zn), dried at 110 ℃ for 10 hours, and calcined at 490 ℃ for 5 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain a catalyst.

By ICP analysis, the catalyst composition was: ni, 7 g/L; mo, 11 g/L; w, 5 g/L; zn, 4 g/L.

3. Catalyst evaluation

[ example 4 ]

1. Preparation of the support

2. Catalyst preparation

The catalyst precursor was mixed with 900ml of aqueous cadmium nitrate solution (containing 4g of Cd), dried at 110 ℃ for 10h, and calcined at 490 ℃ for 5h in air to obtain the catalyst.

By ICP analysis, the catalyst composition was: ni, 7 g/L; mo, 11 g/L; w, 5 g/L; cd, 4 g/L.

3. Catalyst evaluation

[ example 5 ]

1. Preparation of the support

2. Catalyst preparation

The catalyst precursor was mixed with 900ml of an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate-cadmium nitrate (containing 2g of Zn and 2g of Cd), dried at 110 ℃ for 10 hours, and calcined at 490 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 5 hours to obtain the catalyst.

By ICP analysis, the catalyst composition was: ni, 7 g/L; mo, 11 g/L; w, 5 g/L; zn, 2 g/L; cd, 2 g/L.

3. Catalyst evaluation

[ example 6 ]

1. Preparation of the support

2. Catalyst preparation

The catalyst precursor was mixed with 900ml of an aqueous zinc nitrate-ferric nitrate solution (containing 2g of Zn and 2g of Fe), dried at 110 ℃ for 10 hours, and calcined at 490 ℃ for 5 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain a catalyst.

By ICP analysis, the catalyst composition was: ni, 7 g/L; mo, 11 g/L; w, 5 g/L; zn, 2 g/L; fe, 2 g/L; . 3. Catalyst evaluation

50ml of a catalyst was charged in a fixed bed reactor, and the catalyst was presulfided using aviation kerosene containing 3% by mass of dimethyl disulfide as a sulfur oil. The vulcanization conditions are as follows: the vulcanization temperature is 280 ℃, and the liquid volume space velocity of the vulcanized oil is 1.5h^-1Hydrogen pressureThe force is 5MPa, the volume ratio of hydrogen to vulcanized oil is 1000:1, and the vulcanization time is 24 hours.

[ example 7 ]

1. Preparation of the support

2. Catalyst preparation

The catalyst precursor was mixed with 900ml of an aqueous solution of cadmium nitrate-ferric nitrate (containing 2g of Cd and 2g of Fe), dried at 110 ℃ for 10 hours, and calcined at 490 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 5 hours to obtain the catalyst.

By ICP analysis, the catalyst composition was: ni, 7 g/L; mo, 11 g/L; w, 5 g/L; cd, 2 g/L; fe, 2 g/L.

3. Catalyst evaluation

[ example 8 ]

1. Preparation of the support

2. Catalyst preparation

The catalyst precursor was mixed with 900ml of an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate-cadmium nitrate-ferric nitrate (containing 1.5g of Zn, 1g of Cd and 1.5g of Fe), dried at 110 ℃ for 10 hours, and calcined at 490 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 5 hours to obtain a catalyst.

By ICP analysis, the catalyst composition was: ni, 7 g/L; mo, 11 g/L; w, 5 g/L; zn, 1.5 g/L; cd, 1 g/L; fe, 1.5 g/L.

3. Catalyst evaluation

TABLE 1 composition of catalyst and catalyst evaluation results

Claims

1. The method for preparing the fuel oil from the tar comprises the steps of taking the tar and hydrogen as raw materials, and reacting in the presence of a catalyst to prepare the fuel oil, wherein the catalyst comprises an active component, an auxiliary agent and a carrier; the active component is selected from any one of Ni, Mo and W, and the content of the active component is 1-50 g/L; the auxiliary agent comprises Cd and Fe; the support is selected from at least one of alumina and mordenite.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature is 250 to 400 ℃.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the tar liquid volume space velocity is 0.1-3.0 h^-1。

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction pressure is 5 to 15 MPa.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of hydrogen to tar is 500-1800: 1.

6. The process as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that said support comprises alumina and mordenite.

7. The method as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that the weight ratio of alumina to mordenite is (75-95) to (5-25).

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is prepared by a method comprising:

(1) mixing the carrier with an active ingredient solution;

(2) drying;

(3) roasting;

(4) mixing with an auxiliary agent solution;

(5) drying;

(6) and (4) roasting.