CN109573023A - Unmanned vehicle at least one propulsion motor and the feulcell prototype energy - Google Patents

Unmanned vehicle at least one propulsion motor and the feulcell prototype energy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109573023A
CN109573023A CN201811130617.XA CN201811130617A CN109573023A CN 109573023 A CN109573023 A CN 109573023A CN 201811130617 A CN201811130617 A CN 201811130617A CN 109573023 A CN109573023 A CN 109573023A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
unmanned vehicle
single battery
fuel cell
vehicle according
tank
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Granted
Application number
CN201811130617.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN109573023B (en
Inventor
利昂内尔·托马西
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Airbus Helicopters SAS
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Eurocopter France SA
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/24—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants using steam or spring force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/026—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants comprising different types of power plants, e.g. combination of a piston engine and a gas-turbine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D37/00—Arrangements in connection with fuel supply for power plant
    • B64D37/005—Accessories not provided for in the groups B64D37/02 - B64D37/28
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D37/00—Arrangements in connection with fuel supply for power plant
    • B64D37/02—Tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U10/00—Type of UAV
    • B64U10/10—Rotorcrafts
    • B64U10/13—Flying platforms
    • B64U10/16—Flying platforms with five or more distinct rotor axes, e.g. octocopters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U30/00—Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/20—Rotors; Rotor supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U50/00—Propulsion; Power supply
    • B64U50/10—Propulsion
    • B64U50/19—Propulsion using electrically powered motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U50/00—Propulsion; Power supply
    • B64U50/30—Supply or distribution of electrical power
    • B64U50/32—Supply or distribution of electrical power generated by fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
    • H01M8/0485—Humidity; Water content of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04895—Current
    • H01M8/0491—Current of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of unmanned vehicle (10) comprising: at least providing at least one motor (1) of thrust for the unmanned vehicle (10)；And for providing at least one electric energy (2) of electric energy at least one described motor (1), at least one described electric energy (2) is formed by fuel cell, the fuel cell mainly includes for storing the tank of fuel (3), it secondly include at least one single battery (4), the single battery (4) is formed by two electrodes (5 and 6) separated by electrolyte (26), at least one single battery (4) of the fuel cell is suitable for electrochemically generating electric power between described two electrodes (5 and 6).

Description

Unmanned vehicle at least one propulsion motor and the feulcell prototype energy
Cross reference to related applications
This application claims in the benefit of priority of the FR1771033 submitted on the 29th of September in 2017, the disclosure of the patent application Content is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the unmanned vehicle field at least one motor, at least one motor is for driving At least one rotor or propeller rotation, so as to provide thrust for unmanned vehicle and it is also possible to provide lift.
Background technique
Such unmanned vehicle is the aircraft without any pilot or crew thereon.In addition, such fly Row device is commonly known as " unmanned plane " (UAV).
In the first instance, such unmanned vehicle can have by for mentioning for such unmanned vehicle The fixed-wing formed for the wing of lift.Then, which at least provides the spiral of thrust with for such unmanned vehicle Paddle is associated.
In second example, such unmanned vehicle has multiple rotors, they are formed together one group of rotary wings simultaneously And lift and/or thrust can be provided for this unmanned plane.
In third example, unmanned vehicle is also possible to mixed type, in this case, their main points be to A few fixed-wing is combined at least one rotary wings.In addition, it is such as such suitable for convertible type aircraft, according to feelings Condition, such as rotary wings can also be pivoted around pitch axis (pitching axis), in this case, such as the rotary wings It then can be with propelling screws mode operation.
However, in general, no matter unmanned vehicle or aircraft at least one motor are any types, Voyage during aerial mission is vital, and always because having to the acceptable of unmanned vehicle as impairing It imitates load and/or flying quality and trades off.
Specifically, the size and weight for the battery to motor are bigger, such unmanned plane is impaired Air mileage, the energy density of per unit weight with watt hr/kilogram (W.h/kg) battery indicated it is heavier It wants.In addition, in this case, the transportable weight of unmanned vehicle (that is, its payload) is reduced, and it flies Row performance, particularly the flying quality in terms of velocity and acceleration can be also lowered.
As described in document US2017/240291, EP2902319, WO2017/004777 and US2003/207164, It proposes to mitigate the disadvantage by providing separate energy source on the such unmanned vehicle formed by fuel cell.Specifically For, the ratio between air mileage that fuel cell has its weight and it can be obtained for unmanned vehicle is extraordinary excellent Point, this point are particularly suitable in the sizable situation of weight of unmanned vehicle.
In known manner, such fuel cell is by making to go back crude fuel (for example, especially hydrogen (H2)) first Oxidation and reduction of the combined oxidant (for example, oxygen in air) on second electrode (cathode) on electrode (anode), come sharp Crude fuel is gone back with this to generate voltage.
However, such energy needs fuel storage tank, and it also requires single battery is fixed to traditional unmanned flight In the structure of device, which is originally designed for the more traditional chargeable storages of carrying, such as lithium gathers Close object type storage battery (also referred to as " LiPo " battery) or ni-mh (NiMh) type storage battery.In addition it is also necessary to additional fastening Tank and single battery are fixed in the structure of unmanned vehicle by device, and obtained unmanned vehicle is not good Air dynamic behaviour, especially in terms of aerodynamic drag.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a kind of novel unmanned vehicle that can be avoided above-mentioned limitation.Specifically, The voyage of such unmanned vehicle with the separate energy source formed by fuel cell increases, acceptable payload And/or flying quality improves.At least, such unmanned vehicle can be in air mileage, payload and flying quality Between realize good compromise.
Therefore, the present invention provides a kind of unmanned vehicle comprising:
For at least providing at least one motor of thrust for the unmanned vehicle；And
For providing at least one electric energy of electric energy at least one described motor, each electric energy is by fuel electricity Pond is formed, and the fuel cell mainly includes the tank for storing fuel, secondly includes at least one single battery, described single Battery is formed by two electrodes separated by electrolyte, the single battery of the fuel cell be suitable for described two electrodes it Between electrochemically generate electric power.
According to the present invention, the salient of such unmanned vehicle is, at least one described single battery forms institute The first structure element of unmanned vehicle is stated, the first structure element is located remotely from each other at least two of the unmanned vehicle Point A and B between extend, and power and/or torque is enable to transmit between this 1 point A and B.
In other words, at least one single battery forms rigidity and relatively on-deformable part, which is suitable for two Transmission force and/or torque between point A and B, for example, generating traction, compression, shearing, bending and/or twisting action.
Such power or torque can especially be generated by the inertia of unmanned vehicle in-flight, and can also work as nothing It is generated and facing the reaction of undercarriage from ground when people's aircraft stops falling on the ground.
Advantageously, when unmanned vehicle with must be rotated by least three motor drives respectively, for provide push away When more rotor types of at least three rotors of power and/or lift, first structure element can be completely or partially by the nothing The linking arm extended between the centerbody of people's aircraft and any one motor is formed.
Therefore, two point A and B of the unmanned vehicle that first structure element extends therebetween can be respectively set For, an o'clock motor in three motor, and another puts close centerbody, such as the centerbody can be used Make fuel tank.In this case, at least one described single battery directly forms three between motor and centerbody Corresponding linking arm.
In fact, unmanned vehicle includes streamlined region, the streamlined region have be essentially parallel to each other setting and The multiple frames being separated from each other in the longitudinal direction, multiple frame pass through at least one substantially along the orientated lengthwise Bar is connected to each other, and first structure element can be formed completely or partially by frame and/or at least one described bar.
In other words, unmanned vehicle may include monocogue structure, and wherein multiple groups frame and/or vertical partition plate are mutual It is arranged in parallel so that its shape to be assigned to the fuselage to form the shell of unmanned vehicle.In addition, such length of unmanned vehicle Direction can be overlapped or be arranged in parallel with (longitudinal direction) roll axis of unmanned vehicle or (transverse direction) pitch axis.
In this case, the point A and B for the unmanned vehicle that first structure element extends therebetween can distinguish It is set as, a point is at first point of fuselage or bar, and another is at the second point of fuselage or bar.In such situation Under, at least one single battery of fuel cell directly forms the frame or bar of streamlined region.
In Advantageous embodiments of the invention, when unmanned vehicle includes having to link together by connecting component When the fixed-wing of two half wings, first structure element can be formed completely or partially by connecting component.
Unmanned vehicle can have wherein connecting component and extend to the wing that two half wings are connected to each other as a result,.Cause This, the point A and B for the unmanned vehicle that first structure element extends therebetween can be respectively set to, and a point is connecting At the first end of component, and another is at the second end of identical connecting component.In this case, fuel electricity At least one single battery in pond directly forms the connecting component being arranged in wing.
Advantageously, first structure element can be formed by the stacking material of at least two single batteries arranged in parallel.
In other words, such first structure element may include multiple single batteries of fuel cell.In addition, common practice It is to represent potential difference between the terminal for increasing fuel cell and interconnected multiple flat in this way with term " stacking material " Capable single battery.
In fact, tank can form the second structural detail of unmanned vehicle, such second structural detail flies at nobody Extend between point C and the D that other at least two of row device are located remotely from each other, and in such other at least two point C and D Between transmit other power and/or other torques.
As above for as described in first structure element, then tank is formed rigidly and be not the part being easily deformed, The part is suitable for transmission force and/or torque between other two point C and the D of unmanned vehicle, for example, generating traction, pressure Contracting, shearing, bending and/or twisting action, therefore certain avionic devices and/or system equipment can be carried.
Advantageously, tank may include for be supplied respectively to single battery that at least two of fuel cell are separated from each other that This at least two separated compartment.
In other words, each single battery can supply fuel independently by a corresponding compartment for tank.
In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, unmanned vehicle may include by pipeline respectively with tank The interconnection means of at least two compartments connection, the interconnection means enable the first compartment of tank to be connected to the second compartment of tank, instead ?.
When necessary, such setting and then can use interconnection means makes the compartment of tank under flight control or automatically phase Intercommunicated, which includes that valve and the low liquid level suitable for detecting fuel and/or relatively low threshold pressure are lower The detection device of pressure, the fuel specifically may be at liquid and/or gaseous state in any one tank.Especially at one of tank The case where compartment is emptying before another compartment, and then another compartment is for temporarily supplying electric energy to two motor Under, in fact it could happen that this demand.It in practice, may be in nominal operation (nominal operation) phase of unmanned vehicle Between (for example, in the case where the failure such as leaked from a compartment) there is such case, or even as filling wherein The problem of one compartment and be likely to occur such case.
In fact, unmanned vehicle may include at least one gas compressor for compressing outside air and by extremely At least one control unit that a few root canal road is connect at least one gas compressor, at least one described control unit are used It is adjusted described in injection in by least measuring by the temperature and pressure of the air of at least one described gas compressor compression At least one flow velocity of air at least one single battery of fuel cell.
Therefore, at least one gas compressor and at least one control unit are used to be sent at least one list by determination The amount of the molecular oxygen of a inside battery improves the efficiency of fuel cell.This is used to ensure the redox reaction in fuel cell Occurred with stoichiometric ratio.
It can be advantageous to be driven at least by least one motor at least providing thrust for unmanned vehicle One gas compressor rotation.
In this case, the motor or each motor can have the rotary shaft that both ends are drawn from motor. In addition, first end driving rotor or the propeller rotation of the axis, and the second end driving gas compressor rotation.
In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, unmanned vehicle includes generating for recycling fuel cell At least one water recovery part of water, at least one water recovery part pass through at least the one of at least one pipeline and fuel cell A single battery connection.
Specifically, such redox reaction generates the hydrone of usually vapor form.Then, it is described at least One water recovery part can collect water and use collected water, to improve the efficiency of the redox reaction of fuel cell.
In fact, at least one water recovery part can be connect by least one pipeline at least one control unit, At least one described control unit is for adjusting at least one single battery by injection fuel cell and enabling electrolyte The flow velocity of wetted water.
In this case, then the water generated by fuel cell is entirely or partly injected together with outside air At least one described single battery.Then, at least one described control unit can be accurately controlled for soaking electrolyte Water amount.
Advantageously, at least one described water recovery part can be by least one pipeline and for monitoring fuel cell At least one monitoring device connection for the heat that at least one single battery generates, at least one described monitoring device is for adjusting It is ejected at least one single battery and the flow velocity of the water that is wetted the outer surface of at least one single battery.
Therefore, then the water that fuel cell generates is injected at least one described single battery, and for monitoring At least one the described monitoring device for the heat that at least one described single battery generates can be accurately determined the water sprayed Amount.Vortex (wash) from rotor or propeller then by forced convertion phenomenon work with described in be discharged at least one The heat that single battery generates.
In addition, unmanned vehicle includes being sent to institute for managing in another advantageous embodiment of the invention State at least one managing device of the flow velocity of the fuel of at least one single battery, at least one described managing device for changing The electric current exported by the fuel cell, to control the rotation speed of at least one motor according to the function of the fuel flow rate The downstream of tank and at least one single battery described in the fuel cell is arranged in degree, at least one described managing device Upstream.
Then such setting can directly be sent according to by fuel to the speed of at least one single battery of fuel cell To control the rotation speed of at least one motor.
Detailed description of the invention
From below by the specific embodiment for the example that example way is provided referring to attached drawing, the present invention and its advantage are more It is clear, in which:
Fig. 1 is the partial cross-sectional view of the first variation example of unmanned vehicle according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the partial plan layout of first variation example of unmanned vehicle according to the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the partial perspective view of first variation example of unmanned vehicle according to the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the partial cross section of another unmanned vehicle of the first variation example of unmanned vehicle according to the present invention Figure；
Fig. 5 is the partial cross section of another unmanned vehicle of the first variation example of unmanned vehicle according to the present invention Figure；
Fig. 6 is the signal for showing the operation of the unmanned vehicle of the first variation example of unmanned vehicle according to the present invention Figure；
Fig. 7 is the perspective view of the second variation example of unmanned vehicle according to the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the perspective view of the third variation example of unmanned vehicle according to the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the perspective view of the unmanned vehicle of the third variation example of unmanned vehicle according to the present invention；And
Figure 10 is the front elevation of another unmanned vehicle of the third variation example of unmanned vehicle according to the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Therefore, as described above, the present invention relates to a kind of unmanned vehicle or thereon without the aircraft of any pilot.It deposits The element for being to show in the more than one different figure of multiple unmanned vehicle variation examples can be in their each figure Give identical appended drawing reference.
Therefore, as shown in Figure 1, unmanned vehicle 10 has the rotation for driving at least one thrust and/or lifting rotor 8 The motor 1 turned.Such motor 1 is electrically connected with the electric energy 2 formed by fuel cell.
Such fuel cell particularly includes fuel tank 3 and at least one single battery 4, and the single battery 4 is by forming The first electrode 5 of anode, the second electrode 6 for forming cathode and the electrolyte 26 being arranged between first electrode 5 and second electrode 6 It is formed.
Extend as shown, at least one single battery is formed between two distant points A and B of unmanned vehicle 10 First structure element 14.Also, such structural detail 14 itself between two spaced point A and B for passing Pass power and/or torque.
In the first variation example of unmanned vehicle 10, the structural detail 14 is by being individually used for the point in unmanned vehicle 10 The linking arm 15 of transmission force and/or torque formation between A and point B.Therefore, the close nothing of linking arm 15 is arranged in such point A At the first end of the centerbody 16 of people's aircraft 10, and the electricity of the rotation of the close driving rotor 8 of linking arm 15 is arranged in point B At the second end of motivation 1.
As shown in Fig. 2, such linking arm 15 can have opening 49, which passes through the outside that keeps rotor 8 mobile Air passes through to make the cooling linking arm 15 of the outside air between top surface 62 and bottom surface 63.
As shown in figure 3, the tank 3 of unmanned vehicle 10 can equally be formed for two spaced point C and D it Between the second structural detail 7 of transmission force and/or torque.In addition, such tank 3 may include monolithic construction, above-mentioned each company Arm 15 is connect to be fixed in the monolithic construction.
As shown, unmanned vehicle 10 is the unmanned vehicle of more rotor types, each rotor 8,18,28 formed for for Unmanned vehicle 10 provides the rotary wings of thrust and/or lift.
As shown in figure 4, such more rotor type unmanned vehicles 10 can have motor 11, each motor 11 is first For driving rotor 8 to rotate, secondly for the driving rotation of gas compressor 51 to compress outside air.In addition, such gas Compressor 51 is connected by least one single battery 4 of at least one pipeline and fuel cell, is sent out with optimizing in fuel cell The efficiency of raw redox reaction.
As shown in figure 5, tank 13 can have first compartment 9 and second compartment in the first variation example of unmanned vehicle 10 19, first compartment 9 and second compartment 19 are sealed relative to each other and/or are separated by isolated partition.In this case, nothing People's aircraft 10 can also include the interconnection means 50 for executing balance, which, which is achieved as desired by, manually controls, or Once there are just realize certainly when the fuel quantity in pressure difference or first compartment 9 and the fuel quantity difference in second compartment 19 between tank Dynamic control.
In addition, second structural detail 17 is in point as described above, such tank 13 can also form the second structural detail 17 Extend between C and D, and power and/or torque is enable to transmit between two points C and D, draws, compresses, cutting for example, generating It cuts, be bent and/or twisting action.In addition, tank 13 can carry avionic device and/or system, or even it can be used Make the supporting element for the object to transport by unmanned vehicle 10.
Using operating principle shown in Fig. 6, unmanned vehicle 10 may include injecting fuel at least one for controlling The managing device 56 of speed in a single battery 4.The terminal of electrode 5 and 6 exports generated electric power, which can pass through Converter 60 is converted, and speed control 61 is then transmit to, to be the power supply of motor 11.In this way, managing device 56 is used In the rotation speed for controlling rotor 8 based on the speed injected fuel into single battery 4.
In addition, such unmanned vehicle 10 can also include for recycling the redox reaction generation by fuel cell Water water recovery part 53.
Advantageously, the water of this recycling can be brought to control unit 52 first to pass through gas pressure together with compressed air Contracting machine 51 injects in single battery 4, secondly can be transported to for being monitored in the use process of fuel cell by single electricity The monitoring device 54 for the heat that pond 4 generates.
Therefore, control unit 52 is used for the electrolyte 26 with water wetting single battery 4, and monitoring device is for adjusting water The speed being ejected on the outer surface 55 of such single battery 4.Then water droplet is generated, and uses the downstream generated by rotor 8 Air stream sprays the water droplet.The effect of the electric power generated in this way using water produced by the redox reaction for raising Therefore rate is simultaneously improved using particularly advantageous for such electric energy voyage obtained.
As shown in fig. 7, the second variation example of unmanned vehicle 20 also can have streamlined region 21, plurality of frame 22 are formed the shell covering of fuselage.In addition, L is arranged frame 22 with being substantially parallel to each other along its length, such as length direction L The roll axis (roll axis) of unmanned vehicle 20 can be parallel to.
Each frame 22 is also connected with each other by bar (stringer) 25, and the bar 25 for remaining to them relative to each other Position.
In addition, such frame 22 and/or such bar 25 are suitable for forming structural detail 24 between two points A and B, And they can also for example be combined with the other structures element 14 limited above with reference to the first unmanned vehicle variation example 10.This The structural detail 14 of sample is commonly known as " stacking material (stacks) ".
In unmanned vehicle third variation example 30, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, such unmanned vehicle 30 can have solid Determine the wing 31.In this case, motor 1 is for driving the rotation of propeller 8 to push unmanned vehicle 30.
So such fixed-wing 31 may include two half wings 35 and 36, they are by forming the whole of structural detail 34 Or the connecting component 32 of a part is rigidly attached together.Specifically, as described above, such structural detail 34 equally may be used To replace the frame 22 ' or rib of bar (spar) interconnection by being in substantially parallel relationship to length direction L ' extension, Huo Zheji well At in the frame 22 ' or rib.
As shown in figure 9, unmanned vehicle 30 can also have tank 23, each tank 23 is arranged between frame 22 '.In addition, Such tank 23 can form the second structural detail 27, prolong between point C and the D which is located remotely from each other at two It stretches, and is equally used solely for transmission force and/or torque between the two points C and D.
In this case, such energy source 2 is including both forming first structure element 34 or forming the second structural elements The single battery 4 of part 27, such as the first structure element 34 are made of frame 22 ' or rib, bar 25 ' and/or connecting component 32, Second structural detail 27 is made of the tank 23 being affixed directly on each frame 22 ' and/or bar 25 '.
In the 4th variation example of unmanned vehicle shown in Fig. 10, this unmanned vehicle 40 can have two half wings 45 The connecting component 42 to link together with 46.This connecting component 42 is also by being separately positioned on the different frames 22 ' being parallel to each other Between multiple sections constitute.
In addition, this connecting component 42 and frame 22 ' are used to form the first structure member extended between point A and B together Part 44.In addition, this connecting component 42 can be completely or partially made of fuel tank, for example, fuel tank is by such as gatheringTwo The polymer material of azoles (polyoxadiozole, POD) is made.In addition, each connecting component 42 can be formed in two frames The integral component extended between 22 '.It, can also be under first structure element 44 in the 4th variation example 40 of unmanned vehicle Other fuel tank 33 is arranged in side, the second structural detail without constituting unmanned vehicle 40.
Certainly, for realization of the invention, the present invention can carry out a variety of variations.Notwithstanding multiple embodiments, But it will be readily understood that can not be it is contemplated that at large identifying all possible embodiment.Certainly, without departing from the present invention Range in the case where it is contemplated that by equality unit replace described in any device.

Claims (14)

1. a kind of unmanned vehicle (10,20,30,40) comprising:
For at least providing at least one motor (1,11) of thrust for the unmanned vehicle (10,20,30,40)；And
For providing at least one electric energy (2) of electric energy, each electric energy (2) at least one described motor (1,11) It is formed by fuel cell, it secondly includes at least that the fuel cell, which mainly includes for storing the tank of fuel (3,13,23,33), One single battery (4,4 '), the single battery (4,4 ') are formed by two electrodes (5 and 6) separated by electrolyte (26), At least one described single battery (4,4 ') of the fuel cell is suitable between described two electrodes (5 and 6) with electrification Method generates electric power；
Wherein, at least one described single battery (4,4 ') forms the first structure of the unmanned vehicle (10,20,30,40) Element (14,24,34,44), the first structure element (14,24,34,44) is in the unmanned vehicle (10,20,30,40) 1 points (A) being located remotely from each other and extend between (B), and enable power and/or torque in two points (A) and (B) Between transmit.
2. unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the unmanned vehicle (10,20) is more rotor types, tool Have it is being driven to rotate respectively by least three motor (1,11), for providing at least three rotors of thrust and/or lift (8,18 and 28), and the first structure element (14) is completely or partially by the unmanned vehicle (10,20) Linking arm (15) formation extended between heart body (16) and any one described motor (1,11).
3. unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the unmanned vehicle (20,30) includes streamlined region (21,21 '), the streamlined region (21,21 ') have be essentially parallel to each other setting and on length direction (L, L ') each other Multiple frames (22,22 ') spaced apart, the frame (22,22') by substantially along the length direction (L, L ') orientation extremely A few bar (25,25 ') is connected to each other, and the first structure element (24) is completely or partially by frame (22,22') And/or at least one bar (25,25 ') formation.
4. unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the unmanned vehicle (30,40) include fixed-wing (31, 41), the fixed-wing (31,41) include linked together by connecting component (32,42) two half wings (35,45 and 36, 46), and the first structure element (34,44) is completely or partially formed by the connecting component (32,42).
5. unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the first structure element (14,24,34,44) is by mutual The stacking material of at least two single battery (4) disposed in parallel is formed.
6. unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the tank (3,13,23) forms the unmanned vehicle Second structural detail (7,17,27) of (10,20,30), second structural detail (7,17,27) is in the unmanned vehicle The point (C) being located remotely from each other of other at least two of (10,20,30) and extend between (D), and in other two point (C) Other power and/or other torques are transmitted between (D).
7. unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the tank (13) includes for being supplied respectively to the fuel electricity At least two compartment separated from each other (9 and 19) for the single battery (4 and 4 ') that at least two of pond are separated from each other.
8. unmanned vehicle according to claim 7, wherein the unmanned vehicle (10) include by pipeline with it is described The interconnection means (50) of two compartments (9 and 19) connection of tank (13), the interconnection means (50) make the first of the tank (13) Compartment (9) can be connected to the second compartment (19) of the tank (13), and vice versa.
9. unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the unmanned vehicle (10) includes for compressing external sky It at least one gas compressor (51) of gas and is connect at least one described gas compressor (51) by least one pipeline At least one control unit (52), at least one described control unit (52) be used for by least measurement by it is described at least one The temperature and pressure of the air of gas compressor (51) compression is injected at least one single electricity of the fuel cell to adjust At least one flow velocity of air in pond (4).
10. unmanned vehicle according to claim 9, wherein at least one described gas compressor (51) is by for being At least one motor (11) that the unmanned vehicle (10) at least provides thrust is driven to rotate.
11. unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the unmanned vehicle (10) includes for recycling fuel At least one the water recovery part (53) for the water that battery generates, at least one described water recovery part (53) pass through at least one pipe Road is connect at least one single battery (4) of the fuel cell.
12. unmanned vehicle according to claim 9, wherein the unmanned vehicle (10) includes for recycling by firing Expect that at least one the water recovery part (53) for the water that battery generates, at least one described water recovery part (53) pass through at least one Pipeline is connect at least one single battery (4) of the fuel cell, and wherein at least one described water recovery part (53) it is connect by least one pipeline at least one described control unit (52), at least one described control unit (52) is used In at least one single battery (4) for injecting the fuel cell and made the water that electrolyte (26) can be wetted in adjusting Flow velocity.
13. unmanned vehicle according to claim 11, wherein at least one described water recovery part (53) is by least At least one monitoring for the heat that one root canal road is generated at least one single battery (4) for monitoring the fuel cell fills It sets (54), at least one described monitoring device (54) is ejected at least one described single battery (4) and makes for adjusting The flow velocity for the water that the outer surface (55) of at least one single battery (4) is wetted.
14. unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the unmanned vehicle (10) includes being sent for managing To at least one managing device (56) of the flow velocity of the fuel of at least one single battery (4), at least one described management Device (56) for changing the electric current exported by the fuel cell, with controlled according to the function of the fuel flow rate it is described extremely The rotation speed of a few motor (1,11), at least one managing device (56) setting the downstream of the tank (3) simultaneously And the upstream of at least one single battery (4) described in the fuel cell.
CN201811130617.XA 2017-09-29 2018-09-27 Unmanned aerial vehicle with at least one propulsion motor and a fuel cell type energy source Active CN109573023B (en)

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CN109573023B (en) 2022-03-29

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