CN109570807A - Precision component welding procedure - Google Patents
Precision component welding procedure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109570807A CN109570807A CN201910005424.XA CN201910005424A CN109570807A CN 109570807 A CN109570807 A CN 109570807A CN 201910005424 A CN201910005424 A CN 201910005424A CN 109570807 A CN109570807 A CN 109570807A
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- welded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
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Abstract
The present invention relates to welding technique fields, aiming at the problem that temperature difference is deformed precision component when welding, provide a kind of precision component welding procedure, should the technical scheme comprises the following steps: a. clamps precision component, specific as follows: by least two precision components far from needing the surface of welding surface mutually to abut and clamp；B. it heats, it is specific as follows: precision component and part to be welded are heated to 60-70 DEG C；C. constant temperature welds, specific as follows: by 60-70 DEG C of precision component and part to be welded constant temperature, welding precision component and part to be welded.By far from needing the surface of welding surface mutually to abut and clamp, to generate mutually constraint, so that welding surface is more smooth, and generating by least two precision components and stronger rigidly fixing constraint, reduction deflection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding technique fields, more particularly, to a kind of precision component welding procedure.
Background technique
Precision component is very high to the required precision of precision component since its operative scenario is special, for metal parts, leads to
Welding processing often is needed, during the welding process, since weld local temperature is higher, since the temperature difference will be so that precision component produces
Change shape, so that the accuracy decline of precision component, influences the quality of precision component, therefore, there are also improve space.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide a kind of precision component welding procedure, have
Precision component deforms less advantage.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical scheme that
A kind of precision component welding procedure, comprising the following steps:
A. precision component is clamped, specific as follows:
By at least two precision components far from needing the surface of welding surface mutually to abut and clamp；
B. it heats, specific as follows:
Precision component and part to be welded are heated to 60-70 DEG C；
C. constant temperature welds, specific as follows:
By 60-70 DEG C of precision component and part to be welded constant temperature, precision component and part to be welded are welded.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, by by least two precision components far from needing the surface of welding surface mutually to abut
And clamp, to generate mutually constraint, so that welding surface is more smooth, and generates and stronger rigidly fix constraint, reduction deflection；
By being preheated to 60-70 DEG C and constant temperature, so that generating molten bath required temperature when welding and the difference of precision component surface temperature subtracting
It is few, welding current is thereby reduced, reduces and splashes, reach preferable welded condition, simultaneously as reducing the temperature difference, is further dropped
Low deflection improves the precision of precision component, guarantees the matter of precision component so that the deflection after precision component welding is less
Amount.
The present invention is further arranged to: in the step c, part to be welded being fixed at precision component 3-5mm, is welded
The gap of precision component and part to be welded.
It by using above-mentioned technical proposal, so that throat depth is moderate, avoids weld seam is blocked up from causing weld strength lower, protects
It is preferable to demonstrate,prove connective stability.
The present invention is further arranged to: in the step c, slope surface, slope are cut in the side of part to be welded and precision component welding
Face is along part to be welded circumferentially extending and head and the tail connect.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, so that the connection area of part to be welded and weld seam increases, and then increase solder design
The stability of part to be welded, to increase to be welded and precision component connective stability.
The present invention is further arranged to: after the part to be welded and precision component welding, the slope surface and precision component are welded
The acute angle on the surface connect is 30-60 °.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, so that slope surface is more equal with distribution of force along the vertical direction in the horizontal direction
Weighing apparatus, so that the connective stability of part to be welded and precision component is preferable.
The present invention is further arranged to: in the step c, using segmented welding when welding precision component and part to be welded, often
The fusion length of section welding is not more than 100mm.
It by using above-mentioned technical proposal, avoids the fusion length disposably welded excessive, reduces cooling meat deformation
Coverage, so reduce every time welding when deflection, be easy to using rigidly fix constraint precision component deform, and then drop
Low deflection.
The present invention is further arranged to: in the step c, it is every welded one section of weld seam after, it is straight persistently to beat precision component
Thermostat temperature is cooled to weld seam temperature.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, entire essence is distributed to by beating the stress that will focus on this line of weld seam
On close part, stress is avoided to concentrate, so that deflection is greatly decreased, so that precision component precision is higher.
The present invention is further arranged to: in the step c, being beaten by woodwork.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the case where being beaten by woodwork to avoid damage precision component.
The present invention is further arranged to: in the step c, when beating precision component, beating the entire precision zero of range covering
Part.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, so that the better effect of stress dispersion, and then further decrease precision component and exist
The deflection of commissure further increases the precision of precision component.
In conclusion the invention has the following advantages:
1. by the way that at least two precision components far from needing the surface of welding surface mutually to abut and clamp, are mutually constrained with generating,
So that welding surface is more smooth, and generates and stronger rigidly fix constraint, reduction deflection；
2. reducing the temperature difference by being preheated to 60-70 DEG C and constant temperature, further decreasing deflection, so that after precision component welding
Deflection it is less, improve the precision of precision component, guarantee the quality of precision component；
3. being distributed on entire precision component by beating the stress that will focus on this line of weld seam, stress is avoided to concentrate,
To which deflection be greatly decreased, so that precision component precision is higher.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments, invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of precision component welding procedure, comprising the following steps:
A. precision component is clamped, specific as follows:
By two precision components far from needing the surface of welding surface mutually to abut, by gripping apparatus grips precision component along length side
To both ends；
In the present embodiment, for convenience of illustrating, welded using the precision component of rectangle tabular, two precision components are separate
It needs the plate face of welding surface mutually to abut and clamps four vertex of precision component respectively by four clamping devices.
B. it heats, specific as follows:
The precision component of clamping is fixed on the table, it is irradiated by infrared heater to be heated to precision component, it will
Precision component is heated to 60 DEG C.
C. constant temperature weldment, specific as follows:
Part to be welded needs the end welded circumferentially to cut slope surface, and slope surface head and the tail connect；
In the present embodiment, for convenience of illustrating, using the length welded on the precision component of rectangle tabular perpendicular to precision component
The part to be welded of rectangular plate；
Slope surface is cut by wire-electrode cutting device on part to be welded side to be welded, the acute angle of slope surface and part to be welded is 30 °；
Part to be welded is fixed on the table, part to be welded side to be welded and precision component plate to be welded by clamping device
The minimum range in face is 3mm；
Under conditions of keeping 60 DEG C of constant temperature, the gap of part to be welded and one of precision component is welded, is melted and is filled out by welding rod
It fills in the gap of part to be welded and precision component and is cooled into weld seam；
When welding, first along the side of part to be welded length direction welding part to be welded, using the method for segmented welding, every section of fusion length
For 100mm, after the 100mm weld seam for having welded part to be welded side, 100mm weld seam is welded in the corresponding other side of part to be welded, then
Precision component is persistently beaten by wooden mallet, until after weld seam temperature drops to 60 DEG C, then start the welding work of next section of weld seam
Industry, until part to be welded is with the direct gap of precision component, all welding is finished, and in the case where persistently beating, the cooling of final stage weld seam
Weld another precision component and part to be welded to after 60 DEG C, then with identical step, another precision component last
After section weld seam is cooled to 60 DEG C, the power of infrared heater is reduced, with the cooling precision component of 10 DEG C per hour of speed, to precision
After part is cooled to room temperature, the clamping device being clamped on two precision components is unloaded, that is, completes the welding of two precision components
Operation.
When beating precision component by wooden mallet, successively beat within outer along precision component is circumferential, so that beating work
With entire precision component is covered, so that the effect of stress dispersion is preferable.
Embodiment 2
A kind of precision component welding procedure, comprising the following steps:
A. precision component is clamped, specific as follows:
By two precision components far from needing the surface of welding surface mutually to abut, by gripping apparatus grips precision component along length side
To both ends；
In the present embodiment, for convenience of illustrating, welded using the precision component of rectangle tabular, two precision components are separate
It needs the plate face of welding surface mutually to abut and clamps four vertex of precision component respectively by four clamping devices.
B. it heats, specific as follows:
The precision component of clamping is fixed on the table, it is irradiated by infrared heater to be heated to precision component, it will
Precision component is heated to 65 DEG C.
C. constant temperature weldment, specific as follows:
Part to be welded needs the end welded circumferentially to cut slope surface, and slope surface head and the tail connect；
In the present embodiment, for convenience of illustrating, using the length welded on the precision component of rectangle tabular perpendicular to precision component
The part to be welded of rectangular plate；
Slope surface is cut by wire-electrode cutting device on part to be welded side to be welded, the acute angle of slope surface and part to be welded is 45 °；
Part to be welded is fixed on the table, part to be welded side to be welded and precision component plate to be welded by clamping device
The minimum range in face is 3.5mm；
Under conditions of keeping 65 DEG C of constant temperature, the gap of part to be welded and one of precision component is welded, is melted and is filled out by welding rod
It fills in the gap of part to be welded and precision component and is cooled into weld seam；
When welding, first along the side of part to be welded length direction welding part to be welded, using the method for segmented welding, every section of fusion length
For 80mm, after the 80mm weld seam for having welded part to be welded side, 80mm weld seam is welded in the corresponding other side of part to be welded, is then passed through
Wooden mallet persistently beats precision component, until after weld seam temperature drops to 65 DEG C, then start the weld job of next section of weld seam, directly
To part to be welded, all welding is finished with the direct gap of precision component, and in the case where persistently beating, final stage weld seam is cooled to 65
After DEG C, then with identical step weld another precision component and part to be welded, the final stage weldering of another precision component
After seam is cooled to 65 DEG C, the power of infrared heater is reduced, with the cooling precision component of 10 DEG C per hour of speed, to precision component
After being cooled to room temperature, the clamping device being clamped on two precision components is unloaded, that is, completes the weld job of two precision components.
When beating precision component by wooden mallet, successively beat within outer along precision component is circumferential, so that beating work
With entire precision component is covered, so that the effect of stress dispersion is preferable.
Embodiment 3
A kind of precision component welding procedure, comprising the following steps:
A. precision component is clamped, specific as follows:
By two precision components far from needing the surface of welding surface mutually to abut, by gripping apparatus grips precision component along length side
To both ends；
In the present embodiment, for convenience of illustrating, welded using the precision component of rectangle tabular, two precision components are separate
It needs the plate face of welding surface mutually to abut and clamps four vertex of precision component respectively by four clamping devices.
B. it heats, specific as follows:
The precision component of clamping is fixed on the table, it is irradiated by infrared heater to be heated to precision component, it will
Precision component is heated to 70 DEG C.
C. constant temperature weldment, specific as follows:
Part to be welded needs the end welded circumferentially to cut slope surface, and slope surface head and the tail connect；
In the present embodiment, for convenience of illustrating, using the length welded on the precision component of rectangle tabular perpendicular to precision component
The part to be welded of rectangular plate；
Slope surface is cut by wire-electrode cutting device on part to be welded side to be welded, the acute angle of slope surface and part to be welded is 60 °；
Part to be welded is fixed on the table, part to be welded side to be welded and precision component plate to be welded by clamping device
The minimum range in face is 5mm；
Under conditions of keeping 70 DEG C of constant temperature, the gap of part to be welded and one of precision component is welded, is melted and is filled out by welding rod
It fills in the gap of part to be welded and precision component and is cooled into weld seam；
When welding, first along the side of part to be welded length direction welding part to be welded, using the method for segmented welding, every section of fusion length
For 60mm, after the 60mm weld seam for having welded part to be welded side, 60mm weld seam is welded in the corresponding other side of part to be welded, is then passed through
Wooden mallet persistently beats precision component, until after weld seam temperature drops to 70 DEG C, then start the weld job of next section of weld seam, directly
To part to be welded, all welding is finished with the direct gap of precision component, and in the case where persistently beating, final stage weld seam is cooled to 70
After DEG C, then with identical step weld another precision component and part to be welded, the final stage weldering of another precision component
After seam is cooled to 70 DEG C, the power of infrared heater is reduced, with the cooling precision component of 10 DEG C per hour of speed, to precision component
After being cooled to room temperature, the clamping device being clamped on two precision components is unloaded, that is, completes the weld job of two precision components.
When beating precision component by wooden mallet, successively beat within outer along precision component is circumferential, so that beating work
With entire precision component is covered, so that the effect of stress dispersion is preferable.
Comparative example 1
A kind of precision component welding procedure, comprising the following steps:
A. precision component is clamped, specific as follows:
By two precision components far from needing the surface of welding surface mutually to abut, by gripping apparatus grips precision component along length side
To both ends；
In the present embodiment, for convenience of illustrating, welded using the precision component of rectangle tabular, two precision components are separate
It needs the plate face of welding surface mutually to abut and clamps four vertex of precision component respectively by four clamping devices.
B. it heats, specific as follows:
The precision component of clamping is fixed on the table, it is irradiated by infrared heater to be heated to precision component, it will
Precision component is heated to 70 DEG C.
C. constant temperature weldment, specific as follows:
Part to be welded needs the end welded circumferentially to cut slope surface, and slope surface head and the tail connect；
In the present embodiment, for convenience of illustrating, using the length welded on the precision component of rectangle tabular perpendicular to precision component
The part to be welded of rectangular plate；
Slope surface is cut by wire-electrode cutting device on part to be welded side to be welded, the acute angle of slope surface and part to be welded is 60 °；
Part to be welded is fixed on the table, part to be welded side to be welded and precision component plate to be welded by clamping device
The minimum range in face is 5mm；
Under conditions of keeping 70 DEG C of constant temperature, the gap of part to be welded and one of precision component is welded, is melted and is filled out by welding rod
It fills in the gap of part to be welded and precision component and is cooled into weld seam；
When welding, first along the side of part to be welded length direction welding part to be welded, using the method for segmented welding, every section of fusion length
For 60mm, after the 60mm weld seam for having welded part to be welded side, 60mm weld seam is welded in the corresponding other side of part to be welded, to weld seam temperature
After degree drops to 70 DEG C, then start the weld job of next section of weld seam, until part to be welded and the direct gap of precision component are whole
Welding finishes, and after final stage weld seam is cooled to 70 DEG C, then with identical step welds another precision component and part to be welded,
After the final stage weld seam of another precision component is cooled to 70 DEG C, the power of infrared heater is reduced, with 10 DEG C per hour
The cooling precision component of speed unload the clamping device being clamped on two precision components after precision component is cooled to room temperature,
Complete the weld job of two precision components.
Comparative example 2
A kind of precision component welding procedure, comprising the following steps:
A. precision component is clamped, specific as follows:
By two precision components far from needing the surface of welding surface mutually to abut, by gripping apparatus grips precision component along length side
To both ends；
In the present embodiment, for convenience of illustrating, welded using the precision component of rectangle tabular, two precision components are separate
It needs the plate face of welding surface mutually to abut and clamps four vertex of precision component respectively by four clamping devices.
B. it fixes, specific as follows:
The precision component of clamping is fixed on the table.
C. constant temperature weldment, specific as follows:
Part to be welded needs the end welded circumferentially to cut slope surface, and slope surface head and the tail connect；
In the present embodiment, for convenience of illustrating, using the length welded on the precision component of rectangle tabular perpendicular to precision component
The part to be welded of rectangular plate；
Slope surface is cut by wire-electrode cutting device on part to be welded side to be welded, the acute angle of slope surface and part to be welded is 60 °；
Part to be welded is fixed on the table, part to be welded side to be welded and precision component plate to be welded by clamping device
The minimum range in face is 5mm；
Part to be welded and precision component are melted by welding rod and be filled in the gap for welding part to be welded and one of precision component
In gap and it is cooled into weld seam；
When welding, first along the side of part to be welded length direction welding part to be welded, using the method for segmented welding, every section of fusion length
For 60mm, after the 60mm weld seam for having welded part to be welded side, 60mm weld seam is welded in the corresponding other side of part to be welded, it is bulky by wood
Head is persistently beaten until weld seam temperature drops to room temperature, then starts the weld job of next section of weld seam, until part to be welded and precision
All welding finishes in part direct gap, and in the case where persistently beating, after final stage weld seam is cooled to room temperature, then with identical
Step welds another precision component and part to be welded, after the final stage weld seam of another precision component is cooled to room temperature,
The clamping device being clamped on two precision components is unloaded, that is, completes the weld job of two precision components.
When beating precision component by wooden mallet, successively beat within outer along precision component is circumferential, so that beating work
With entire precision component is covered, so that the effect of stress dispersion is preferable.
Comparative example 3
A kind of precision component welding procedure, comprising the following steps:
A. precision component is clamped, specific as follows:
By two precision components far from needing the surface of welding surface mutually to abut, by gripping apparatus grips precision component along length side
To both ends；
In the present embodiment, for convenience of illustrating, welded using the precision component of rectangle tabular, two precision components are separate
It needs the plate face of welding surface mutually to abut and clamps four vertex of precision component respectively by four clamping devices.
B. it fixes, specific as follows:
The precision component of clamping is fixed on the table.
C. constant temperature weldment, specific as follows:
Part to be welded needs the end welded circumferentially to cut slope surface, and slope surface head and the tail connect；
In the present embodiment, for convenience of illustrating, using the length welded on the precision component of rectangle tabular perpendicular to precision component
The part to be welded of rectangular plate；
Slope surface is cut by wire-electrode cutting device on part to be welded side to be welded, the acute angle of slope surface and part to be welded is 60 °；
Part to be welded is fixed on the table, part to be welded side to be welded and precision component plate to be welded by clamping device
The minimum range in face is 5mm；
Part to be welded and precision component are melted by welding rod and be filled in the gap for welding part to be welded and one of precision component
In gap and it is cooled into weld seam；
When welding, first along the side of part to be welded length direction welding part to be welded, using the method for segmented welding, every section of fusion length
For 60mm, after the 60mm weld seam for having welded part to be welded side, 60mm weld seam is welded in the corresponding other side of part to be welded, to weld seam temperature
Degree drops to room temperature, then starts the weld job of next section of weld seam, until part to be welded and the direct gap of precision component are all welded
It connects and finishes, after final stage weld seam is cooled to room temperature, then with identical step weld another precision component and part to be welded, separately
After the final stage weld seam of an outer precision component is cooled to room temperature, the clamping device being clamped on two precision components is unloaded,
Complete the weld job of two precision components.
The deflection of each embodiment and the precision component of comparative example preparation is as follows:
Embodiment 1: towards part to be welded direction protrusion, 20 μm are deformed；
Embodiment 2: towards part to be welded direction protrusion, 25 μm are deformed；
Embodiment 3: towards part to be welded direction protrusion, 18 μm are deformed；
Comparative example 1: being recessed far from part to be welded direction, deforms 828 μm；
Comparative example 2: being recessed far from part to be welded direction, deforms 298 μm；
Comparative example 3: being recessed far from part to be welded direction, deforms 5982 μm；
The deflection of the precision component prepared by comparing example 1 and comparative example 3 is compared and can be obtained, and by heating and constant temperature exists
60-70 DEG C, it can effectively reduce the deflection of precision component；
The deflection of the precision component prepared by comparing example 1 and comparative example 2 is compared and can be obtained, by persistently beating until
It is cooling, it can effectively reduce the deflection of precision component；
It persistently beats until the cooling effect for reducing precision component deflection is better than heating and 60-70 DEG C of reduction precision component of constant temperature
The effect of deflection；
The deformation quantity of the precision component prepared according to each embodiment with comparative example 3 is compared and can be obtained, and by heating and constant temperature exists
It is welded under conditions of 60-70 DEG C and persistently beats to weld seam after cooperating welding and be cooled to 60-70 DEG C, can obviously reduce precision
The deflection of part, so that deflection is changed in quality from grade to micron order, so that the precision of precision component is greatly improved.
The embodiment of present embodiment is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not limits protection of the invention according to this
Range, therefore: the equivalence changes that all structures under this invention, shape, principle are done, should all be covered by protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of precision component welding procedure, it is characterized in that: the following steps are included:
A. precision component is clamped, specific as follows:
By at least two precision components far from needing the surface of welding surface mutually to abut and clamp；
B. it heats, specific as follows:
Precision component and part to be welded are heated to 60-70 DEG C；
C. constant temperature welds, specific as follows:
By 60-70 DEG C of precision component and part to be welded constant temperature, precision component and part to be welded are welded.
2. precision component welding procedure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: being fixed on part to be welded in the step c
At precision component 3-5mm, the gap of precision component and part to be welded is welded.
3. precision component welding procedure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step c, part to be welded and precision zero
Slope surface is cut in the side of part welding, and slope surface is along part to be welded circumferentially extending and head and the tail connect.
4. precision component welding procedure according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the part to be welded and precision component weld
Afterwards, the acute angle on the surface that the slope surface and precision component are soldered is 30-60 °.
5. precision component welding procedure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step c, welding precision component with
Segmented welding is used when part to be welded, the fusion length of every section of welding is not more than 100mm.
6. precision component welding procedure according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in the step c, it is every to have welded one section of weldering
After seam, precision component is persistently beaten until weld seam temperature is cooled to thermostat temperature.
7. precision component welding procedure according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: being carried out in the step c by woodwork
It beats.
8. precision component welding procedure according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: beating precision component in the step c
When, it beats range and covers entire precision component.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910005424.XA CN109570807A (en) | 2019-01-03 | 2019-01-03 | Precision component welding procedure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910005424.XA CN109570807A (en) | 2019-01-03 | 2019-01-03 | Precision component welding procedure |
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| WO2015125020A2 (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-08-27 | Metalsa S.A. De C.V. | Method and tools for welding a vehicle component |
| CN105817833A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-03 | 韦海报 | Repairing method for electric shovel bucket |
| CN108115316A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-06-05 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of roof Anti-deformation device for welding and method |
| CN109099252A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-12-28 | 山西理工红日节能服务有限公司 | Prefabricated thermal insulation dog-ear pipe fitting and preparation method thereof |
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2019
- 2019-01-03 CN CN201910005424.XA patent/CN109570807A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015125020A2 (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-08-27 | Metalsa S.A. De C.V. | Method and tools for welding a vehicle component |
| CN105817833A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-03 | 韦海报 | Repairing method for electric shovel bucket |
| CN108115316A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-06-05 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of roof Anti-deformation device for welding and method |
| CN109099252A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-12-28 | 山西理工红日节能服务有限公司 | Prefabricated thermal insulation dog-ear pipe fitting and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20190405 |