CN109570795B - High-temperature radioactive source welding method - Google Patents
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- CN109570795B CN109570795B CN201811559793.5A CN201811559793A CN109570795B CN 109570795 B CN109570795 B CN 109570795B CN 201811559793 A CN201811559793 A CN 201811559793A CN 109570795 B CN109570795 B CN 109570795B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-temperature radioactive source welding method, which comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out a simulation test according to the temperature change of the high-temperature radioactive source to determine process parameters; (2) and welding the high-temperature radioactive source according to the process parameters. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method comprehensively considers the influence of the initial high-temperature state of the high-temperature radioactive source on the welding process, the established welding process is more stable and reliable, the welding success rate and the welding seam quality of the high-temperature radioactive source can be effectively guaranteed, the welding of the high-temperature radioactive sources with different thermal powers and different structural forms is completed by the method, and the welding quality meets the corresponding performance requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radioactivity, in particular to a high-temperature radioactive source welding method.
Background
In the process of establishing the radioactive source welding process, a welding process test is generally carried out in a laboratory by adopting a non-radioactive source core to replace a radioactive source core aiming at a cladding structure, welding process parameters are optimized by analyzing welding quality, the process is shaped, and finally the radioactive source welding sealing is completed in a special radioactive operation box by applying a shaping process.
However, in the existing radiation source welding technology, the state of some special types of radiation sources greatly affects the selection of welding process parameters, and if the conventional welding method is adopted for welding, the quality of the obtained welding line is often not up to the standard, and even the welding fails.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-temperature radioactive source welding method which can at least solve the problem that the welding quality does not reach the standard due to the self state of some special radioactive sources in the prior art.
After a great deal of experiments, the inventor finds that factors influencing the welding quality of the radioactive source comprise: the radioactive source generates high temperature due to self-released decay heat, and the surface temperature of the high-activity radioactive source can reach more than 400 ℃; the initial welding temperature state has great influence on the selection of the final welding current, the welding speed, the welding time and other technological parameters.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high temperature radiation source welding method, comprising:
(1) carrying out a simulation test according to the temperature change of the high-temperature radioactive source to determine process parameters;
(2) and welding the high-temperature radioactive source according to the process parameters.
Further, the welding method of the high-temperature radioactive source comprises the following steps (1):
step 101, simulating and measuring the change of a temperature field after the high-temperature radioactive source is mounted and clamped by adopting an electric heating mode, acquiring data of the change of the temperature field along with time, and further determining the temperature field where the high-temperature radioactive source can start welding at the moment according to the welding preparation time to be used as an initial temperature field for subsequently developing a welding test;
step 102, adopting a non-radioactive simulation source which has the same structure with the high-temperature radioactive source and takes a source core as a non-radioactive substitute, and preheating the non-radioactive simulation source by using small welding current before welding to start welding when the non-radioactive simulation source reaches the initial temperature field;
103, inspecting the welding quality of the non-discharge simulation source under different welding process parameters to determine the welding process parameters for being applied to subsequent high-temperature radioactive source welding;
in step 102, the initial temperature field is a temperature field which can start simulating the welding moment and is determined according to the welding preparation time and the data of the temperature field changing along with the time.
Further, in the welding method with the high-temperature radioactive source, the step (2) includes:
step 201, measuring the temperature field data of the high-temperature radioactive source changing along with time after the card is installed, and determining the actual temperature of the welding moment which can be started after the preparation stage before welding;
performing step 202a or step 202 b;
step 202a, taking the actual temperature as an initial temperature field, and acquiring welding process parameters corresponding to the initial temperature field by inquiring simulated welding test data;
step 202b, when the actual temperature reaches a certain initial temperature field, acquiring welding process parameters corresponding to the initial temperature field according to the corresponding relation data;
and step 203, welding the high-temperature radioactive source by adopting the welding process parameters determined in the step 202a/202 b.
Furthermore, according to the high-temperature radioactive source welding method, when the change of the temperature field after the high-temperature radioactive source is mounted and clamped is simulated and measured in an electric heating mode, the resistance wire is used for heating the ceramic source core to simulate the radioactive source core with high temperature generated due to decay heat.
Further, in the high-temperature radioactive source welding method, the electric heating simulation source for measuring the initial temperature field and the non-discharge simulation source for carrying out the welding test both adopt the same shell structure as the high-temperature radioactive source.
Further, according to the welding method of the high-temperature radioactive source, when the temperature field change is measured in a simulated mode after the high-temperature radioactive source is mounted and clamped, electric power with the same thermal power as that of the high-temperature radioactive source is applied to the electric heating simulated source.
Further, in the welding method of the high-temperature radioactive source, in step 101 and step 102, an infrared thermometer is adopted to respectively detect the temperature field which changes along with time after the electric heating simulation source is installed and clamped and the preheating temperature of the non-discharge simulation source in the welding test; a contact thermocouple is used to measure the actual temperature of the high temperature radioactive source in step 103.
Further, in the high-temperature radioactive source welding method, when the welding process parameters are determined according to the welding quality of the non-radioactive simulated source in step 103, the weld performance is detected by adopting nondestructive inspection, metallographic structure analysis and/or strength test, and the welding quality of the non-radioactive simulated source under different welding process parameters is inspected to further determine the welding process parameters of the high-temperature radioactive source.
Further, the welding method of the high-temperature radioactive source further comprises the following steps:
(3) and detecting the welding quality after the welding of the high-temperature radioactive source is finished, and cleaning after the detection is passed to remove radioactive pollution.
Furthermore, in the high-temperature radioactive source welding method, the high-temperature radioactive source welding quality detection comprises appearance detection, size detection and sealing detection.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprehensively considers the influence of the initial high-temperature state of the high-temperature radioactive source on the welding process, the established welding process is more stable and reliable, the welding success rate and the welding seam quality of the high-temperature radioactive source can be effectively guaranteed, the welding of the high-temperature radioactive sources with different thermal powers and different structural forms is completed by the method, and the welding quality meets the corresponding performance requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the high temperature radioactive source welding method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of step 1.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are flowcharts of step 2
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention using resistance wires to simulate the temperature field change of a high temperature radioactive source.
In the attached drawings, 1, resistance wires; 2. installing a clamping mould; 3. an infrared thermometer; 4. and (4) cladding.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
In order to guarantee the applicability and reliability of the welding process specification of the high-temperature radioactive source, the influence of the initial high-temperature state of the high-temperature radioactive source on welding process parameters needs to be considered in the process of developing a process test in a laboratory, temperature change data after the high-temperature radioactive source is clamped to a welding table is mastered, the high-temperature state of the radioactive source joint at the welding starting time point is determined by combining welding preparation time, process parameter selection tests such as welding current, welding speed and the like are developed on the basis, and the process specification is formed and then applied to welding sealing of the high-temperature radioactive source. The establishment of a welding process method which is suitable for the high-temperature radioactive source and fully considers the influence of initial high-temperature factors is the key for ensuring the welding success rate and the welding quality of the high-temperature radioactive source.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a high temperature radiation source welding method, including:
s1, carrying out a simulation test according to the temperature change of the high-temperature radioactive source to determine process parameters;
s2 welding the high-temperature radioactive source according to the process parameters;
s3, weld quality testing is performed, and the testing is performed by post-cleaning to remove radioactive contamination.
The method comprehensively considers the influence of the initial high-temperature state of the high-temperature radioactive source on the welding process, the established welding process is more stable and reliable, the welding success rate and the welding seam quality of the high-temperature radioactive source can be effectively guaranteed, the welding of the high-temperature radioactive sources with different thermal powers and different structural forms is completed by adopting the method, and the welding quality reaches the corresponding performance requirements.
As shown in fig. 2, step S1 includes:
s101, simulating and measuring the change of a temperature field after the high-temperature radioactive source is mounted and clamped by adopting an electric heating mode, acquiring data of the change of the temperature field along with time, and further determining the temperature field where the high-temperature radioactive source can start welding at the moment according to the welding preparation time to serve as an initial temperature field for subsequently developing a welding test;
s102, adopting a non-radioactive simulation source which has the same structure with the high-temperature radioactive source and takes a source core as a non-radioactive substitute, and preheating the non-radioactive simulation source to the initial temperature field by using small welding current before welding to start welding;
s103, examining the welding quality of the non-discharge simulation source under different welding process parameters to determine the welding process parameters so as to be applied to subsequent high-temperature radioactive source welding.
In S101, after the electric heating simulation source is clamped in a welding clamping fixture, electric power with the same thermal power as that of a high-temperature radioactive source is applied, an infrared thermometer is adopted to obtain temperature change at a joint, and data of the temperature change along with time are recorded.
In S102, the initial temperature field is a temperature field at a time when a welding test can be started, which is determined according to the welding preparation time and the data of the temperature field changing with time.
Determining an initial temperature field, acquiring the time range from the clamping of the high-temperature radioactive source to the start of welding by simulating the development of welding preparation work in a radioactive box, inquiring the time-varying data of the temperature of the electric heating test, and acquiring the temperature (initial temperature field) of the high-temperature radioactive source corresponding to the time point, thereby determining the temperature to be preheated in the welding test.
Preheating a non-discharge analog source:
after a non-radioactive simulation source (a non-radioactive source core with the same structure as a radioactive source is arranged in the non-radioactive source core) for a welding test is clamped in a clamping fixture, a proper initial current is selected for preheating a joint by setting argon arc welding process parameters, and an infrared thermometer is adopted to measure the temperature of the joint in real time in the preheating process until the measured temperature reaches the set welding temperature (the initial temperature field).
As shown in fig. 3, step S2 includes:
s201, measuring the temperature field data of the high-temperature radioactive source changing along with time after the card is installed, and determining the actual temperature at the moment when the welding can be started after the preparation stage before the welding;
s202a, acquiring welding process parameters corresponding to the initial temperature field by inquiring simulated welding test data by taking the actual temperature as the initial temperature field;
and S203, welding the high-temperature radioactive source by adopting the welding process parameters determined in the step 202 a.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, S2 includes:
s201, measuring the actual temperature of the high-temperature radioactive source;
s202b, when the actual temperature reaches a certain initial temperature field, acquiring welding process parameters corresponding to the initial temperature field according to the corresponding relation data;
and S203, welding the high-temperature radioactive source by adopting the welding process parameters determined in the step 202 b.
And step S2, welding the high-temperature radioactive source in the special radioactive box chamber, integrally clamping the high-temperature radioactive source core to a welding clamping fixture after the high-temperature radioactive source core is filled into the cladding, then performing welding preparation work such as welding seam centering, working distance adjustment and the like, and measuring the actual temperature of the joint of the cladding by using a contact thermocouple after the preparation work is finished.
In the welding method of the high-temperature radioactive source, when the temperature field change is simulated and measured after the high-temperature radioactive source is installed and clamped, the resistance wire is used for heating the ceramic source core to simulate the high-temperature radioactive source core. The electric heating simulation source adopts the same cladding structure as the high-temperature radioactive source. Specifically, the resistance wire 1 is arranged in a cladding 4, is arranged on a clamping mould 2, and is used for measuring the temperature of a cladding interface by adopting an infrared thermometer 3. And when the temperature field changes along with time after the high-temperature radioactive source is mounted and clamped in a simulation measurement mode, electric power with the same thermal power as that of the high-temperature radioactive source is applied to the resistance wire heating source core. In S101 and S102, an infrared thermometer is adopted to respectively detect the preheating temperatures of the electric heating analog source temperature field and the non-discharge analog source; in S103, a contact thermocouple is used to measure the actual temperature of the high temperature radioactive source. And S103, when the welding process specification is determined according to the welding quality of the non-radioactive simulation source, detecting the performance of the welding line by adopting nondestructive inspection, metallographic structure analysis and/or strength test, and inspecting the welding quality of the non-radioactive simulation source under different welding process parameters so as to determine the welding process specification of the high-temperature radioactive source.
The welding quality detection comprises appearance, size and tightness detection. Appearance detection mainly detects external welding defects such as dislocation, cracks, air holes, undercut and the like, and can carry out visual inspection according to standards or carry out standard comparison by adopting known technical means. The size detection mainly measures the height of the welded cladding and the diameter of a welding seam area, adopts a caliper to measure a plurality of positions/angles, and takes the maximum measurement values of the height and the diameter. Radioactive contamination may exist on the surface of the welded radioactive source cladding, and the tightness detection cannot be carried out by adopting helium mass spectrometry. According to GB15849-1995, leak test method of sealed radioactive source, the method of boiling liquid immersion is adopted to carry out tightness test in the chamber: completely soaking the radioactive source in boiling water, boiling for 10min, taking out the radioactive source, measuring the total radioactivity of the soaked boiling water, and determining that the cladding is in a sealed state if the measured radioactivity is not more than 200 Bq.
Examples
Argon arc welding with a high-temperature radioactive source with thermal power of 50-70W:
(1) simulating and measuring the temperature field change after the high-temperature radioactive source is mounted and clamped, and acquiring the data of the temperature field changing along with time
The electric heating simulated heat source shell is made of the same metal material as the high-temperature radioactive sourceQuality and structure, and external dimension of
The heating resistor is a nickel-cadmium resistance wire, the resistance value is about 6.5 omega, and the heating resistor is powered by a direct current power supply. The electric simulation heat source is connected with a direct current power supply, the output electric power is adjusted to the required thermal power, and the temperature of the electric simulation heat source is about 500 ℃ after the electric simulation heat source is statically balanced in a laboratory environment and passes through an infrared measurement joint.
After the balance is achieved, the electric simulation heat source is installed and clamped into the welding clamping fixture in a heating state, the focus of the infrared thermometer is aligned to the joint, and the data of the temperature at the position along with time change are measured and recorded.
(2) The initial temperature field is determined, a non-radioactive simulation source is adopted to replace a welding test to determine the process parameters, the preparation process of simulating welding in a radioactive box chamber is carried out, and the preparation work of positioning a workpiece, centering a welding seam, adjusting the working distance and the like needs about 15 minutes after the non-radioactive simulation source (provided with a non-radioactive source core with the same structure as a radioactive source) is installed and clamped in a clamping fixture. The temperature change data measured by the electrical simulated heat source was queried at which time the temperature at the cladding joint was about 200 ℃.
The non-discharge simulation source is clamped in a welding clamping fixture at room temperature, the welding initial current is set to be 20A, a welding table is started to rotate, an infrared thermometer is focused at a cladding joint, the initial current is used for preheating when arcing is started, the temperature value measured by the infrared thermometer is observed in real time, and the current is started to ascend to the slope for welding when the temperature reaches 200 ℃.
The preheating mode is adopted to preheat the non-discharge simulation source cladding joint to about 200 ℃, then a welding test is started, the influence of process parameters such as different welding currents, welding speeds and the like on welding quality is inspected, the process parameters are evaluated through weld performance detection means such as nondestructive inspection, strength test, metallographic structure analysis and the like, and the following welding process parameters of the high-temperature radioactive source are determined through a series of process tests:
| diameter of tungsten needle | Working distance | Diameter of nozzle | Argon flow | Welding current | Speed of welding |
| 1.6mm | 0.8mm | 8mm | 9L/min | 80A | 4.5mm/s |
(3) Welding the high-temperature radioactive source according to the process parameters
In the radioactive operation chamber, after filling the self-heating radioactive source core (with the thermal power of about 60W) into the cladding, the whole is clamped into the welding mould. After the preparation work before welding is finished, the temperature state of the joint of the high-temperature radioactive source is measured by using a contact thermocouple, and welding is carried out according to the process specification when the temperature reaches about 200 ℃.
(4) Performing welding quality detection, and cleaning after detection to remove radioactive contamination
And comparing the macroscopic appearance of the welding seam with the standard in a visual inspection mode, and ensuring that the conditions of external welding defects such as dislocation, cracks, pores, undercut and the like are qualified.
The caliper is adopted to measure the height of the cladding and the diameter of the welding seam area, and the height values of three positions and the diameters of three angle welding seam areas are measured respectively, so that the requirement of the subsequent assembly size is met.
And completely soaking the sealed radioactive source in boiling water, boiling for 10min, taking out the radioactive source, measuring the radioactivity of the soaked boiling water, and measuring the total radioactivity to be 105Bq by adopting a liquid scintillation counting method, so that the cladding is judged to be in a sealed state.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. A high temperature radiation source welding method, comprising:
(1) carrying out a simulation test according to the temperature change of the high-temperature radioactive source to determine process parameters;
(2) welding the high-temperature radioactive source according to the process parameters;
the step (1) comprises the following steps:
step 101, simulating and measuring the change of a temperature field after the high-temperature radioactive source is mounted and clamped by adopting an electric heating mode, acquiring data of the change of the temperature field along with time, and further determining the temperature field where the high-temperature radioactive source can start welding at the moment according to the welding preparation time to be used as an initial temperature field for subsequently developing a welding test;
step 102, adopting a non-radioactive simulation source which has the same structure with the high-temperature radioactive source and takes a source core as a non-radioactive substitute, and preheating the non-radioactive simulation source by using small welding current before welding to start welding when the non-radioactive simulation source reaches the initial temperature field;
and 103, inspecting the welding quality of the non-discharge simulation source under different welding process parameters to determine the welding process parameters so as to be applied to subsequent high-temperature radioactive source welding.
2. A high temperature radiation source welding method as defined in claim 1, wherein step (2) includes:
step 201, measuring the temperature field data of the high-temperature radioactive source changing along with time after the card is installed, and determining the actual temperature of the welding moment which can be started after the preparation stage before welding;
performing step 202a or step 202 b;
step 202a, taking the actual temperature as an initial temperature field, and acquiring welding process parameters corresponding to the initial temperature field by inquiring simulated welding test data;
step 202b, when the actual temperature reaches a certain initial temperature field, acquiring welding process parameters corresponding to the initial temperature field according to the corresponding relation data;
and step 203, welding the high-temperature radioactive source by adopting the welding process parameters determined in the step 202a/202 b.
3. The welding method of high-temperature radioactive source of claim 1, wherein when the temperature field change after the high-temperature radioactive source is mounted and clamped is simulated and measured by adopting an electric heating mode, the ceramic source core is heated by adopting the resistance wire to simulate the radioactive source core generating high temperature due to decay heat.
4. A high temperature radiation source welding method as defined in claim 3, wherein: the electric heating simulation source for measuring the initial temperature field and the non-discharge simulation source for carrying out the welding test both adopt the same shell structure as the high-temperature radioactive source.
5. A high temperature radiation source welding method as defined in claim 3, wherein: and when the temperature field change is measured in a simulation mode after the high-temperature radioactive source is mounted and clamped, electric power with the same thermal power as that of the high-temperature radioactive source is applied to the electric heating simulation source.
6. The high temperature radiation source welding method of claim 2, wherein: in the steps 101 and 102, an infrared thermometer is adopted to respectively detect the temperature field which changes along with time after the electric heating simulation source is installed and clamped and the preheating temperature of the non-discharge simulation source in the welding test; a contact thermocouple is used to measure the actual temperature of the high temperature radioactive source in step 103.
7. The high temperature radiation source welding method of claim 1, wherein: when welding process parameters are determined according to the non-radioactive simulation source welding quality in the step 103, nondestructive inspection, metallographic structure analysis and/or strength test are adopted to detect the performance of the welding seam, and the non-radioactive simulation source welding quality under different welding process parameters is inspected to further determine the high-temperature radioactive source welding process parameters.
8. The high temperature radiation source welding method defined in any one of claims 1-7, further comprising:
(3) and detecting the welding quality after the welding of the high-temperature radioactive source is finished, and cleaning after the detection is passed to remove radioactive pollution.
9. The high temperature radiation source welding method of claim 8, wherein the high temperature radiation source welding quality tests include visual tests, size and sealing tests.
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