CN1095674A - Hydraulic-driven and brake system - Google Patents
Hydraulic-driven and brake system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1095674A CN1095674A CN 93108216 CN93108216A CN1095674A CN 1095674 A CN1095674 A CN 1095674A CN 93108216 CN93108216 CN 93108216 CN 93108216 A CN93108216 A CN 93108216A CN 1095674 A CN1095674 A CN 1095674A
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Abstract
The adjustable hydraulic that is used for vehicle drives and brake system, comprise first hydraulic efficiency gear (stage arrangement) as continuous tunable pump, one captives joint with driving wheel of vehicle on rotating, be connected with a stage arrangement hydraulic pressure, hydraulic efficiency gear (secondary device) as motor, remove outside a stage arrangement, hydraulic efficiency gear (accelerator) be fixedly attached on the propulsion source on rotating, each drive wheel of vehicle is provided with a secondary device, with a pressure accumulator, accelerator is connected on the pressure accumulator by close/open valve, to store respectively and to discharge pressure energy, accelerator has adjustable stroke.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of hydraulic-driven and brake system.As known as such, in this system, have at least a hydraulic efficiency gear (stage arrangement) to come work as pump, have at least a hydraulic efficiency gear (secondary device) to come work in addition as motor, two hydraulic efficiency gear interconnect by corresponding feed flow pipeline, if suitable, can also pressure accumulator and or holder be set for hydraulic medium.
The radial-piston motor device of outside feed flow, for example special describe the sort of among the German patent application P4139422.4 " hydraulic-driven and brake system " can be used as above-mentioned hydraulic efficiency gear.
So, one by seal casinghousing on the circumjacent Master cylinder body, several oil cylinders that intersect at central clearance envelope are arranged with star fashion.
In radial arrangement or favour in all the oil cylinder of radial arrangement, piston mobile is connected on the pitman shaft by connecting rod, and pitman shaft then extends through the central space of Master cylinder body prejudicially with respect to Master cylinder body.
So, piston together in the rotating process at the Master cylinder body band, taking place to change by the volume of the working space that oil cylinder, piston and housing or Master cylinder body contained.
According to the not same-action that hydraulic efficiency gear rose, its principle of work is slightly different, and when it used as pump, housing can be static, and Master cylinder body will rotate together in company with piston; When it uses as motor,,, be driven object so that can directly it be connected to, for example on the wheel so housing will rotate usually for the consideration that realizes better structural entityization as much as possible.
By adjusting offset, the transmitting ratio of pump is preferably variable.The full content that above-mentioned Deutsche Reichspatent first is asked at this by incorporated by reference.
Purpose of the present invention also is for a kind of hydraulic-driven and brake system are provided, this system is particularly suited for being used for continuously and has additional accelerating ability ground driving various vehicles, it is simple and easy that the structural design scheme of hydraulic efficiency gear wherein has manufacturing, transmitting ratio continuously controllable characteristics, and still can make hydraulic efficiency pressure system keep the highest work efficiency.
According to the present invention, this driving and brake system can realize with a kind of extraordinary mode, wherein, two hydraulic efficiency gear that hereinafter are called a stage arrangement and accelerator are captiveed joint with the driving propulsion source on rotating, driving propulsion source for example can be the combustion engine of passenger vehicle or motor bike, or the pedal of bicycle.
For this reason, a stage arrangement is connected on all secondary devices that use as motor by the hydraulic tubing that is positioned at high pressure and low pressure side.Each driven wheel preferably all is provided with a secondary device.A pressure accumulator of setting up in the vehicle or the pressure accumulator of one group of parallel connection link to each other with mouth with the input end of accelerator successively by corresponding hydraulic tubing.
So provide the accelerator of hydraulic medium that vehicle is additionally quickened by pressure accumulator.Because braking is undertaken by hydraulic efficiency pressure system, and drives accelerator whereby, therefore in braking procedure, pressure accumulator is pressurizeed again by accelerator.If propulsion source, for example combustion engine except the required power of instantaneous driving can be provided, can also instantaneously provide extra power, and accelerator also can be used for being the pressure accumulator pressurization so.
Accelerator and secondary device have short valve separately.On the feed liquor of pressure accumulator and the fluid pipeline valve is arranged all, these valves can only alternately be opened and can not open simultaneously, when the valve on feed liquor or the fluid pipeline is in closed condition, and the short valve self-opening in the hydraulic efficiency gear.For further simplified structure, a stage arrangement and accelerator can be placed in one by propulsion source (combustion engine just) by mechanical overriding clutch drive the axle on.In addition, feed liquor and fluid pipeline can some use same section pipeline at least, and all valve on these pipelines can be public threeway/two-way valve, with changing-over and the cut-out pipeline relevant with pressure accumulator fully.
Because threeway/two-way valve can be simple shutoff valve, it does not need to change continuously valve port opening.Therefore the lot of energy that just can avoid existing in the traditional analog valve is lost.
So the drive pattern of this vehicle just has following several representative type driving condition:
Start:
At propulsion source is under the situation of combustion engine, and propulsion source can start like this: in second one stage arrangement that hydraulic medium is transported to from pressure accumulator with pressure accumulator directly links to each other, a described stage arrangement comes work as HM Hydraulic Motor and combustion engine is rotated.
The routine of vehicle is quickened:
Combustion engine with predetermined rotational speed, is perhaps being adjusted according to predetermined parameters under the consumption of power condition of the best, with this by the secondary device on first stage arrangement drive wheels.Because the routine that the power under the desired speed still can not make it to reach predetermined is quickened, if also not fully pressurization of pressure accumulator then by corresponding stroke adjustment and valve position setting, comes pressure accumulator is further pressurizeed with second one stage arrangement.
At the uniform velocity drive:
This state is identical with conventional acceleration mode.Perhaps, at pressure accumulator fully under the situation of pressurising, corresponding to a kind of drive pattern of low engine speed, so that further be reduced in combustion engine powered consumption under the desired speed situation.
Braking:
In this state, the secondary device on the wheel works with the form of pump, and first stage arrangement second one stage arrangement as fluid motor-driven, so the latter converts braking energy in the pressure accumulator additional hydraulic medium, with the method accumulation of energy.
Quicken with all strength:
In this state, combustion engine preferably is not with desired speed running, but with the rotation speed operation of maximum power, with this by first stage arrangement and all secondary device with whole power drive wheels.In addition, in this state, hydraulic medium is defeated by second one stage arrangement from pressure accumulator, and this stage arrangement for first stage arrangement provides the excess power that exceeds power of IC engine, unloads most pressure up to pressure accumulator as the HM Hydraulic Motor back work.So just can obtain than the higher acceleration/accel of the resulting acceleration/accel of independent dependence power of IC engine.
Oil cylinder no longer is to be arranged in the mono-sagittal plane with star fashion, but arranges in the adjacent in the axial direction two or several sagittal planes, so just can reduce scantling of structure.In addition, in expansion drawing as seen, around central space, the cross section part of a certain oil cylinder can be biased in the space between two other adjacent oil cylinder on a certain circumference partly, like this, the spacing between two sagittal planes (being the oil cylinder plane) just can be less than the diameter of oil cylinder.
Simultaneously, the oil cylinder turned position to each other that is arranged in two or more sagittal planes also can be setovered, and that is to say, setovers with respect to their last lower dead point, so that mutual its diametral load of balance.If oil cylinder is to be arranged in two sagittal planes, oil cylinder is just mutually with 180 ° of biasings so, and like this, the maximum compression point is positioned on the radially relative each other position.In order to adjust offset, in some cases, two sagittal planes can connect together by a simple bar, and this bar is located in the middle of being contained in two sagittal planes with articulated form, and adjusts two sagittal planes, the piston that perhaps is mounted thereon equally.It also is feasible that separate control adjustment is carried out in working cell in the different sagittal planes.
The piston that is arranged on the bar can be along the adjustment direction of offset, in the cavity of pitman shaft with respect to the pivot center side travel of pitman shaft.A kind of feasible method is: with the axle of hydraulic efficiency gear or the part of this axle as the piston in the pitman shaft cavity, so just can make pitman shaft with respect to hydraulic efficiency gear spool to adjust transverse to the mode of hydraulic efficiency gear diad.
Connecting rod angle when the installation of connecting rod will be satisfied device and rotates, this angle changes corresponding to the ad-hoc location of connecting rod ring.Described connecting rod ring is around being bearing on the pitman shaft.
The installation of connecting rod can be that each connecting rod is fastened on each connecting rod ring.In this case, connecting rod and connecting rod ring can be affixed or one each other.Yet in this case, the many narrow connecting rod ring relevant with the piston number must be sequentially arranged in connecting rod annulate shaft on the pitman shaft on available zone.
Except adopting existing connecting rod ring, another kind of scheme is round pitman shaft a continuous annular groove to be set, this groove has radially outer opening, opening is narrower than the maximum width of groove, owing to adopted this undercut slots, some suitable slide blocks (normally making arc according to the degree of crook of groove) just can slide in groove.On the connecting rod that each slide block is connected with piston links to each other.
Each connecting rod is protruding from the radial opening of undercut slots, slide block along the circumferential direction extension degree in groove must be calculated, make when each connecting rod produces angular deflection in the device working process, thereby when connecting slide block on it and producing angular deflection yet, each slide block in the groove can not bump each other.
For slide block in the groove being slided better and reducing surface pressure, in axial direction to look, each slide block should be an arcuate member that as far as possible extends.Yet on the other hand, the size of arcuate member is restricted again, and this is because must be contained on the circumference of groove with corresponding these slide blocks of the oil cylinder quantity in a certain oil cylinder plane.Yet size for the arcuate member that increases slide block to greatest extent and extended, each slide block preferably is not the bottom surface of rectangle on radial development figure, the bottom surface adopts the basic configuration of non-rectangle just can cover bigger arc scope, encloses 360 ° divided by the pairing arc scope of required slide block quantity (deducting the gap between slide block again) greater than one.
For example can do like this, each slide block adopts the bottom surface of parallelogram.In this case, adjacent two slide blocks have just obtained extra utilization with that part of overlapping region that its hypotenuse extends mutually.Can also adopt the bottom surface of trapezoidal or wedge shape equally, wherein, the outshot of slide block one end is corresponding to the recessed portion of the relative other end.
Shown in expansion drawing, slide block bottom surface a kind of preferred embodiments of design-calculated is, two rectangles adjoin each other in the axial direction and be local in a circumferential direction overlapping.
No matter the oil cylinder of hydraulic efficiency gear is to be arranged in the single sagittal plane, or is arranged in several sagittal planes; Also no matter according to the piston-shaped connecting rod that adopts and piston space be connected or connecting rod and slide block between to be connected be captive joint, or hinged, such scheme all is feasible.
Eccentric shaft also can be a star, and each groove is arranged on its outside face and perpendicular to the sense of motion of piston.
According to use occasion, to how high work efficiency be arranged to they in addition strict judges according to hydraulic efficiency gear sometimes.In order to raise the efficiency, cliding friction must be reduced to bottom line.For realizing this point, can best bearing pair or the like can be lubricated on the other hand by optimal by point-device production tolerance on the one hand.
When liquid device uses as pump, this point is no problem, and this moment, housing was static, and Master cylinder body rotates in housing together with pitman shaft, do not need the pitman shaft that diameter is very little to be fixed in the housing, and only need the periphery of Master cylinder body is installed in the housing.
Preferably use plain bearing for this reason, perhaps adopt hydrostatic support, promptly between Master cylinder body and housing, form the constant oil film of one deck, relative motion takes place on oil film with a kind of known mode.
The exterior lateral area of Master cylinder body preferably not merely is radially with respect to housing, and is axially to install, and especially in order to form oil film, liquid feeding channel, feed tank etc. can be arranged on to very economical in the static housing and lead to its periphery.
Pitman shaft is installed separately with respect to housing with its periphery, and is permanently connected basically aspect the rotation by suitable male part and Master cylinder body.These lotus root components should allow between these two parts to exist fully axially, radially and angular deviation, be unlikely to damage or increase friction force because of deviation causes.
Identical with the mounting means between Master cylinder body and the housing, the mode of plain bearing is also preferably adopted in the installation between single or all connecting rod rings and the pitman shaft, for example, uses the polytetrafluoroethylene cover.
Like this, when using as pump, the offset of pitman shaft can very accurately be adjusted.That end away from drive end of pitman shaft can be connected on the bigger control panel of radial dimension, and this control panel can move radially under the effect of control stalk.Offset and capacity of pump have just been adjusted thus.
When hydraulic efficiency gear used as pump or motor, the another kind of scheme of adjusting the pitman shaft offset was: pitman shaft can be linked to each other along the push rod that hydraulic efficiency gear rotation axis direction is adjusted with one.At least one surface of push rod and pitman shaft (especially inside face) is by the work that cooperatively interacts of rocking bar supporting member.At least one bar on one of them part or tooth are supported or are driven by the groove that is located on another part.The direction of groove favours the adjustment direction of push rod.Therefore, the motion of push rod will cause the pitman shaft side travel, thereby adjust the stroke of hydraulic efficiency gear.
Adjust in the scheme of offset at another kind, pitman shaft comprises two relevant eccentric bushings, and one is sleeved on another, and is just so-called two eccentric.One or several connecting rod ring overlaps on the outer peripheral face of eccentric bushing outside again, and the inner peripheral surface of interior eccentric bushing then is bearing on central authorities' circle bolt, and the latter for example can be connected on the static housing.
By the offset of adjusting the connecting rod ring that relatively rotates between two eccentric bushings: when the thinnest point in corresponding two places and corresponding two place's thickest points all overlap on two eccentric bushings, be maximum offset.
If adjust two eccentric bushings relative to one another from this position, offset will reduce gradually, coincide until the thinnest point on the eccentric bushing and the thickest point on another eccentric bushing.If two eccentric bushings are all identical at the thickness of the thinnest point and thickest point, in adjustment, can obtain offset and be 0 coaxial midway location.
A kind of good mode that two eccentric bushings are rotated mutually is to arrange one or more gears in eccentric bushing, so that each gear is meshed with interior eccentric bushing and outer eccentric bushing.If the axle of these gears links to each other with certain part of hydraulic efficiency gear, and this part is with the rotation of a certain eccentric bushing, and these gears just play a part satellite gear in the planetary gear system so.If one of them eccentric bushing can make its rotation from the external drive of hydraulic efficiency gear, by these gears, another eccentric bushing will turn over identical angle round about.Gear can be arranged between two eccentric bushings or the next door of a certain eccentric bushing.The direction of Gear axis can be parallel or transverse to the pivot center of eccentric bushing.
In another kind of scheme, control plunger is accommodated in the suitable cavity in the static eccentric shaft, so that can therefore just obtain two working spaces in the both sides of control plunger with respect to the diad side travel of eccentric shaft in eccentric shaft.By in a certain working space of control plunger, injecting control agent, in the case, the hydraulic medium that is positioned at outgoing side can so just can be adjusted eccentric shaft with respect to static control plunger as control agent, and the offset of hydraulic efficiency gear is changed.
The very easy method that control agent is provided is that the control arc is set on the inner peripheral surface of housing, and these control arcs radially are connected on the outer end of working space.
If Master cylinder body and housing rotate together, if can be merged together from view of function some part with both, this will further reduce number of parts and improve assembling.
For this reason, each piston can be movable in some outer face osed top inserts.These inserts are separately fixed between two and half shells of housing, and the dividing range of housing is exactly the piston thereby the sagittal plane at insert place just.Install after the insert, the interval between insert can tighten to together with two and half shells of screw with housing easily mutually.For accurate location, insert can have some evagination parts, and they are mounted in the respective annular groove of the accurate location on half shell of housing.
Yet this insert also can be arranged in the Master cylinder body, with respect to Master cylinder body be pivot suspension, especially pivot suspension with pivotal axis that the pivot center of hydraulic efficiency gear parallels on.Outside pivot pin is set on insert, perhaps with the outline of whole insert as pivot pin, all can realize above-mentioned pivot suspension.Said outline is generally a round part and is contained in the corresponding interior wide face of Master cylinder body.
Like this, the angle variation with respect to eccentric shaft that the connecting rod of globality is taken place in rotation process just can be compensated, and needn't carry out hinged between piston and connecting rod.It also is feasible adopting the profile of part-circular on piston and these parts of connecting rod outer end.
For startability and the moment of torsion that improves HM Hydraulic Motor, the measure that can also adopt is in addition: the oil cylinder in the Master cylinder body is not strictly radially to arrange, but tangentially arrange with respect to the center of Master cylinder body, like this, the sense of motion of the piston that slides in oil cylinder is one 3 ° to 60 ° angle, preferably 8 ° to 20 ° the radial direction of all pistons in an oil cylinder plane at least.
So just high pulling torque can be produced, especially, when just starting, high pulling torque can be produced when the static loading of HM Hydraulic Motor.Like this, even when liquid medium is in low pressure, also can overcome the static friction force in the hydraulic efficiency gear.
Certainly, being connected between connecting rod and connecting rod ring or the slide block must be suitable for this state of oil cylinder with respect to inclined.
If not providing hydraulic medium from outside (promptly passing through Master cylinder body) to each working space of hydraulic efficiency gear, but feed flow internally just can further improve performance.
Pass through eccentric shaft, and by being arranged on the corresponding radial hole on connecting rod ring or slide block, connecting rod and the piston, hydraulic medium is provided in working space, this just more likely moves all movable parties mutually in the static pressure mode on their contact surface, this is because the hydraulic medium of mouth can be fed on the mating surfaces by large-area shallow pressure chamber.Said contact surface both can be meant the slidingsurface between slide block and the groove, also can be meant between piston and Master cylinder body or the insert or insert and Master cylinder body between contact surface, can also be meant the movably contact surface between interconnective in hinged way piston tail and the connecting rod.
Following illustrated in greater detail various embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a basic scheme drawing that is illustrated in the hydraulic efficiency pressure system on the passenger vehicle.
Fig. 2 is the end elevation as the hydraulic efficiency gear of pump use.
Fig. 3 is a pump shown in Figure 2 cross sectional view along III-III line.
Fig. 4 is the scheme drawing that is similar to Fig. 3, but adjusts offset in a different manner.
Fig. 5 is the detailed maps of slide block.
Fig. 6 is the lateral plan as the hydraulic efficiency gear of motor use.
Fig. 7 is the lateral plan of another kind of motor.
Fig. 1 is the basic scheme drawing of a four-wheel passenger vehicle, and four wheels 68 wherein all is to be driven by the secondary device 2 that works with the HM Hydraulic Motor form.
The high-pressure side of one stage arrangement 71 and low tension terminal are connected on the respective end of secondary device 2 by corresponding pipeline 74,75.The stroke of one stage arrangement 71 is continuously controllables, therefore makes the rotating speed adjustable of wheel 68.In addition, although be not imperative, combustion engine 69 preferably also has the mechanical drive of a centre.
Accelerator 71 ' be connected on the valve 73, this valve by pipeline 76,77 optionally with a pipeline connection in the pipeline 76,77 to pressure accumulator 4, perhaps cut off fully and being communicated with of pressure accumulator 4.
Accelerator 71 ' also have adjustable stroke so that the hydraulic medium that can suck requirement is carrying out energy of reserve, and is discharged hydraulic medium to increase the propulsive effort to wheel from accelerator.
This overall plan can be pressure accumulator pressurization and release with minimum degradation of energy especially, and this is because of the degradation of energy that only takes place in the control process of valve seldom.Because a stage arrangement is captiveed joint with engine shaft, also just can work with low-down conversion loss with a stage arrangement 71 all-in-one-piece hydraulic main circuits.
Since the maximum power of driving engine only needs when quickening, if make combustion engine 69 also adjustable so in addition, the power needs when making it be adapted to waste of power and/or maximum power, so, direct mechanical compared with combustion engine drives, and uses pressure accumulator then can obtain better benefit.
In addition, owing to the energy that takes place in the braking procedure is stored in the pressure accumulator, and used again in acceleration or the start-up course, this has just reduced the expenditure of energy of this automobile next time.In startup and accelerator, to allow combustion engine bear lighter burden in the nature of things, because like this can saving in energy.
Fig. 2 is that pump 4 is seen cutaway view in the past along the direction of axle 141.
For the ease of understanding, the stationary parts of hydraulic efficiency gear illustrates with shade line in Fig. 2 and 3, and rotatable parts do not indicate shade line.
The sectional view of having represented the pump among Fig. 2 in Fig. 3 is just along the cutaway view of III among Fig. 2-III line direction.
As shown in Figure 2, Master cylinder body 31 rotates in housing 140, and its oil cylinder 36 is radially along circumference.As clearly visible among Fig. 3, Master cylinder body 31 is driven by center shaft 141, and it is to be fixed on the axle on rotating by being arranged in the end plate 142 on the end face.With driver element for example the pedal spindle of the combustion engine of automobile or the bicycle affixed center shaft 141 that rotates install with respect to housing 140 by bearing 42.
Because each piston 32 is installed on the fixing eccentric link axle 35 prejudicially, so moving circle of revolution, up-and-down movement is once in oil cylinder separately for each piston 32, produce thus and suck and compression stage, that is to say, in a unit that rotates along the direction of arrow, hydraulic medium is fed to the working space 29 that is arranged in piston 32 outsides in the oil cylinder 36 through the path 27 of housing 140 and low pressure side from the outside, discharges by on high-tension side path 28 then.
In addition, as shown in Figure 3, offset and thereupon the actual displacement of pump 1 all be variable, this be because static eccentric link axle 35 can adjust its offset by a movably radial push rod 34 that extends to housing 140 outsides with respect to center shaft 141.
Fig. 2 represents how each piston 32 is connected on the connecting rod ring 33 by at least one connecting rod 30, and the connecting rod ring is closely round static eccentric link axle 35, but it is rotary.
Because piston 32, connecting rod 30 is connected to each other securely with connecting rod ring 33, preferably makes one, with each piston 32 independent connecting rod ring 33 is set so be necessary for each connecting rod, so that the center that allows piston 32 can depart from oil cylinder 36 when rotating.
For this reason, as seen in Figure 3, each connecting rod ring 33 is arranged in order in the axial direction, and make them to such an extent that the very narrow feasible numerous connecting rod ring relevant with the piston number can be accommodated in the axial range of Master cylinder body, just be contained in the axial range of the middle quadrntnt 39 between the oil cylinder 36, therefore, many pistons 32 only only link to each other with a connecting rod ring 33 by a connecting rod, and shown in Fig. 3 lower part, other piston is then arranged by two axially spaced-aparts and the connecting rod 30 that fuses is bearing on two connecting rod rings of arranging with identical axially spaced-apart 33, the diametral load of piston is directed on the static eccentric link axle 35 equably guaranteeing.
Certain improvement project of the pump of Fig. 3 is illustrated among Fig. 4.
The adjustment of the offset of the pitman shaft 35 of supporting piston is achieved in that pitman shaft comprises two eccentric bushings 56,57, and they are suit and all be drilled with eccentric orfice each other.Interior eccentric bushing 57 is bearing on the accentric extendible portion 64 that fixes with housing with its inside face, and connecting rod ring 33 ' and, 33 are rotated on the outside face of eccentric bushing 56 outside.
During from external control axle 65, two just reciprocally isogonism rotations of eccentric bushing 56,57.
In the scheme of Fig. 4, each piston 32 is not that the connecting rod 30 by separately is connected respectively at least one specific connecting rod ring 33, and described all connecting rod ring 33 neither be set up in parallel in the axial direction.
In contrast, what be positioned at each connecting rod 30 the inner is a slide block 51, and it can slide in an outwardly open undercut slots 52, and the slide block needed length of can setovering when groove 52 rotates with device on the circumference of eccentric bushing 56 outside reciprocatingly slides.
Outwardly open undercut slots 52 is by two rings 33,33 ' constitute, and these two ring benefits are lived and lived slide block 51 and be fitted to each other to form the connecting rod ring from outside local restriction, and the slide block 51 of all pistons 32 all slides in the connecting rod ring.
As along hydraulic efficiency gear axial direction finding, for guarantee effect power can be delivered on the pitman shaft through connecting rod 30 from piston 32 well, just on the outside face of the outer eccentric bushing 56 of Fig. 4, each slide block 51 should be a big as much as possible arcuate member, but then, when they during along circumferential slippage, again interference can not be arranged to each other.
Therefore, a kind of extraordinary shape of slide block is illustrated in the local expansion drawing of undercut slots 52 of Fig. 5.In this top view, the shape of slide block 51 comprises two rectangles, and these two rectangles are biasing and local overlapping mutually along the circumferential direction, links to each other with connecting rod 30 on this overlapping region.In other words, the bottom surface is made of a rectangle, is parallel to circumferencial direction in the opposite direction from its two ends with meeting at right angles and extends two other rectangles.
Therefore, the opposite side at slide block 51 two ends has just formed recess, and the extendible portion of adjacent sliders just can be deep in this recess.
Therefore, on design direction, just might make the diameter of the length of slide block 51 greater than corresponding piston 32.This has just guaranteed that slide block 51 is well guided in groove 52.The large-area pressure chamber 200 that is arranged on all slide block 51 sliding sliding surfaces has been full of hydraulic medium, and good supporting is provided thus.
Fig. 4 has represented that also Master cylinder body 31 is installed on the relative position of housing 140 peripheries by the plain bearing 66 outside the Master cylinder body.
Because the diameter of bearing is greater than the diameter that is installed in the bearing on the center shaft 141, Master cylinder body 31 just can be installed in the housing more accurately.At the position of plain bearing 66, preferably by producing pressure chamber, between mating surfaces, form one deck oil film by the hydraulic medium of mouth, just form hydrostatic support, like this, after starting, hydraulic efficiency gear just no longer includes any direct mechanical contact.
In addition, be provided with continuous ring seal sheet in the end gap between Master cylinder body 31 and housing 140, it is contact-type not preferably, prevents that with this lubricating fluid from flowing to bearing 42.
In order the Master cylinder body that excircle accurately is installed with not to be passed in the vibration of central actuating shaft 141 and noncircularity rotation, Master cylinder body 31 is not captiveed joint with center shaft 141, but is connected aspect the rotation by male part 98.Therefore just fill Master cylinder body 31 perhaps and be arranged separately between the central actuating shaft 141 in the stationary housings 140 and have angular deviation by bearing 42.No matter along the sliding condition of groove 52 circumference how slide block 51 also must fill between slide block and the piston 32 and be permitted other angular deviation.
The section drawing of Fig. 6 has been represented a hydraulic efficiency gear that preferably uses as motor, and wherein slide block 51 and piston rod 30 be made for one, but can be pivot suspension between the afterbody of the outer end of piston rod 30 and piston 32.This is to realize by the outline of connecting rod 30 outer ends 104, on the direction of Fig. 6, just on the axial direction of hydraulic efficiency gear, described outline is the part of sphere, perhaps be cylindrical, and match with the interior wide face of respective shapes on piston 32 afterbodys.Pin 103 plays a part pivot, and it is protruding in the both sides, middle part of piston rod spherical profile, and just the fore-and-aft direction to Fig. 6 paper stretches out, and is installed on the piston 32.
Although the device of Fig. 6 also can be the hydraulic efficiency gear of outer supply type, but as an other special characteristic, the device of Fig. 6 is a device of supplying with hydraulic medium internally, just provides hydraulic medium by the radial hole on eccentric shaft 35 and connecting rod 30 and the piston 32.
Although do the free area that has reduced piston like this, but can be fed to hydraulic medium on all sliding positions very easily, this is because the cross section very little hole of main liquid feeding channel 111 by coming that some not shown main liquid feeding channel 110 or pistons 32 from connecting rod 30 are arranged on the sliding position of hydraulic medium is provided by this way.Said sliding position be meant the outer end of mating surfaces between piston 32 and the Master cylinder body 31, connecting rod 30 and the supporting base between piston 32 afterbodys and the slide block 51 that slides with respect to groove 52 in pressure chamber 200, if suitable, also can be meant the installation position between Master cylinder body and the housing.
Provide the high-voltage hydraulic medium or the hydraulic medium of low pressure to depend on the turned position of connecting rod 30 to liquid feeding channel 110 the inners of connecting rod 30, and be by two control arcs 105,106 carry out, these two control arcs extend separately and are slightly less than 180 °, and communicate with high pressure liquid feeding channel 28 and low pressure liquid feeding channel 27 respectively.One is arranged in the intermediate sleeve 38 of rotating together as the abrasion part between slide block 51 and the eccentric shaft 35 and also corresponding liquid feeding channel must be arranged on it and each connecting rod 30 corresponding position.
The offset of this motor is adjustable, this be because the mode that control plunger 107 can be the cavity 108 of eccentric shaft 35 in supports with sealing with respect to the diad side travel of eccentric shaft 35.Control plunger 107 is connected on the outer fulcrum securely, therefore, the working space 114,114 of control plunger 107 both sides in the cavity 108 ' in load change eccentric shaft 35 is claimed with respect to the eccentric position of control plunger 107, so just adjusted the suction volume of motor.
Hydraulic medium can directly be used as control agent, for this reason, and two working spaces 114,114 ' can pass through feed flow hole D
1And D
2Perhaps by outage A
1And A
2Communicate with liquid feeding channel 27 and 28 respectively.The adjustment of offset is controlled by corresponding valve.
Again as shown in phantom in Figure 6, flat non-five secondary pistons shown in having only of this hydraulic efficiency gear, it also has five primary pistons that are arranged in second sagittal plane, the position, angle of each primary piston is between all secondary piston of first sagittal plane, so that the saving space, and the dead point of primary piston is staggered 180 ° with respect to secondary piston.
Therefore, this just might be installed in two bars between the sagittal plane by one, make the back control plunger 107 that is positioned at the back ' with preceding control plunger 107 mechanical connections, like this, connection by bar, the adjustment of control plunger 107 will cause the identical adjustment of control plunger 107 ' do, just to the adjustment of sagittal plane, back offset.
Control plunger 107 in being installed in eccentric shaft 35, can also be installed in the axle 35 exterior fixing oil cylinders in, for example can it be linked to each other with eccentric shaft 35 by a mechanical connection bar, then it is adjusted.Although this mode is convenient to the adjustment of control plunger 107, increased the cumulative volume of device.
The improvement project of Fig. 6 is illustrated among Fig. 7, and its some difference is that each oil cylinder 36 is not a radial arrangement, but favours the pivot center of hydraulic efficiency gear.This has improved the startability of HM Hydraulic Motor, can produce higher moment of torsion.
Because connecting rod 30 will roughly be to turn round on radially the position still, its inner is arranged in corresponding outwardly open groove 52 as slide block 51, so connecting rod 30 is made into to bend.
In this scheme, hydraulic medium also is to provide from the inside of installing, and that is to say, provides by the radial passage in connecting rod 30 and the piston 32 110,111.
Different with the scheme of Fig. 6, it is not to connect by the ball pivot between piston 32 and the connecting rod 30 to realize that angle when whenever turning around between connecting rod 30 and the Master cylinder body 31 changes, but realize that by the motion of piston 32 in insert 112 oil cylinder 36 just is formed in the insert 112.Embed secondary 112 and itself be installed in the Master cylinder body 31, so as pivot suspension with axis that the pivot center of hydraulic efficiency gear parallels on.According to Fig. 7, this is achieved in that the outline of insert 117 is part circles, and it is installed in the corresponding interior wide face 118 of Master cylinder body 31.
Therefore just piston 32 and connecting rod 30 might be designed to one.On piston 32, can see some transverse holes 113, on extending to sliding surface between piston 32 and the insert 112 from middle passage, these holes provide hydraulic medium, so that set up hydrostatic support in the shallow pressure chamber 114 of the large tracts of land there, contact surface between insert 112 and the Master cylinder body 31 also can obtain hydrostatic support from oil cylinder 36 by feed flow hole 116
In the scheme of Fig. 7, the design of eccentric shaft 35 and its adjustment are also all carried out in a different manner.
Similar to the mode of Fig. 4, eccentric shaft 35 comprises two relative eccentric bushings, eccentric bushing 57 and outer eccentric bushing 56 in being called.In addition, the inner that plays the connecting rod 30 of slide block 51 effects is not directly to slide on the outside face of eccentric bushing 56 outside, but has an intermediate sleeve 38 to be positioned between the two.Eccentric shaft 35 in Fig. 6, interior eccentric bushing 57 are provided with two control arcs 105,106 they are slightly less than 180 ° of extensions respectively on the outer peripheral faces of interior eccentric bushing, and correspondingly communicate with the hydraulic medium liquid feeding channel 27,28 of high pressure side and low pressure side.Yet it is different with the scheme of Fig. 4, interior eccentric bushing 57 is preferably static, have only outer eccentric bushing 56 to rotate like this, the latter has some radial passages, so that with hydraulic medium from the control arc 105,106 of interior eccentric bushing 57 is transported to corresponding hole on the connecting rod 30, and delivery hydraulic pressure medium in opposite direction.
Claims (27)
1, a kind of adjustable hydraulic-driven and brake system that is used for vehicle comprises:
First hydraulic efficiency gear (stage arrangement) that at least one rotation of using mainly as continuous tunable pump drives, and
At least one is captiveed joint with driving wheel of vehicle on rotating, with a stage arrangement hydraulic pressure bonded assembly, and the other hydraulic efficiency gear (secondary device) that uses mainly as motor,
It is characterized in that,
Remove outside a stage arrangement (71), second hydraulic efficiency gear (accelerator (71 ')) be fixedly attached on the propulsion source on rotating,
Each drive wheel of vehicle is provided with a secondary device (2), and
Have a pressure accumulator (4) at least,
Accelerator is connected at least one pressure accumulator (4) by close/open valve (14,15), so that store respectively and discharge pressure energy, and
Accelerator (71 ') has adjustable stroke.
2, driving as claimed in claim 1 and brake system is characterized in that,
Secondary device (2) and/or accelerator (71 ') have short valve (12,13,44) separately, and
The adjustment of valve (14,15,12,13,44) and the continuous adjustment of each hydraulic efficiency gear are independently carried out each other.
3, hydraulic-driven as claimed in claim 1 and brake system is characterized in that,
One stage arrangement (71) and accelerator (71 ') are arranged on the axle drive shaft, and propulsion source is connected on the axle drive shaft by the overriding clutch (21) of machinery,
Pressure accumulator (4) is the gas pressure accumulator of a variable volume.
4, as claim 1,2 or 3 described hydraulic-driven and brake system, it is characterized in that, propulsion source is a combustion engine, and an accelerator (71 ') or a stage arrangement (71) make the pressure accumulator (4) of this accelerator after pressurising can start above-mentioned combustion engine when discharging hydraulic medium in the design aspect storage power, actual displacement and the rotating speed.
5, the method for operation of claim 3 or 4 described automobile hydraulics drivings and brake system is characterized in that
An one job is the hydraulic medium starting apparatus combustion engine of using from pressure accumulator, to the accelerator feed flow, makes accelerator together with the combustion engine of captive joint rotates rotating with it, turn round voluntarily up to combustion engine,
Average rate drives or quickens to drive automobile,
Combustion engine is turning round under definite desired speed according to a certain special parameter and optimizing, meanwhile, adjusting according to chaufeur, a part of power of combustion engine is transported on the drive wheel by first stage arrangement and secondary device, and, as long as pressure accumulator can be accepted, just combustion engine powered remainder is offered pressure accumulator by accelerator
Perhaps,, reduce the rotating speed of combustion engine if pressure accumulator no longer can be accepted, up to rotating speed corresponding to the desired power of chaufeur.
Perhaps, the desired power of chaufeur has exceeded the power of IC engine under the desired speed, in this case, provide hydraulic medium to accelerator from pressure accumulator, so, as long as pressure accumulator fully pressurizes, the driving power that acts on first stage arrangement just obtains extra increase, if desired, the rotating speed of combustion engine rises to max-power-output speed
Brake by the output that reduces a stage arrangement, (by exchange high-pressure side and low tension terminal) secondary device acts on the drive wheel with the formal compulsion of pump, thereby one stage arrangement work with the form of HM Hydraulic Motor, therefore, except the power of propulsion source, braking energy also drives accelerator, and making accelerator is the pressure accumulator pressurising, the intensity of braking is decided by the offset towards a stage arrangement of zero balance
Automobile is slided under the situation that does not have propulsive effort and braking force, open the short valve in the secondary device, and
As long as pressure accumulator can be accepted and/or propulsion source turns round under lazy fast state, be the pressure accumulator pressurising with the power of propulsion source just by accelerator,
Perhaps, if pressure accumulator no longer can be accepted, combustion engine is worked under lazy fast state or disconnect its oil circuit.
6, have high pressure and a low pressure feed flow pipeline as each claim of front is described, be particularly useful for the hydraulic efficiency gear of hydraulic efficiency pressure system, wherein
One group oil cylinder (36) is arranged in the Master cylinder body (31) with star fashion, and these oil cylinders meet at the central authorities of Master cylinder body, forms a central space (37),
A pitman shaft (35) that rotates with respect to Master cylinder body (31) extends through Master cylinder body (31) prejudicially, and
The piston (32) that links to each other with pitman shaft (35) is by oil cylinder (36) guiding, so that can vertically move and sealing is bearing in the oil cylinder, and the volume that changes working space (29), it is characterized in that
Each piston (32) all is connected on the connecting rod (30), the connecting rod (30) of at least whenever being separated by, and the inner of connecting rod is fixedly attached at least one connecting rod ring (33) on rotating, and the connecting rod ring is installed rotationally with respect to pitman shaft (35),
Connecting rod ring (33) is sequentially arranged in the different sagittal planes of pitman shaft (35) along the axial direction of Master cylinder body (31), and have very little axial dimension, make that all connecting rod rings (33) relevant with number of pistons all are contained in the axial dimension of Master cylinder body (31).
7, have high pressure and a low pressure feed flow pipeline as each claim of front is described, especially be suitable for the hydraulic efficiency gear of hydraulic efficiency pressure system, wherein
One group oil cylinder (36) is arranged in the Master cylinder body (31) with star fashion, and these oil cylinders are intersected in the central authorities of Master cylinder body, forms a central space (37),
A pitman shaft (35) that rotates with respect to Master cylinder body (31) extends through Master cylinder body prejudicially, and
Oil cylinder (36) guiding in the piston (32) that links to each other with pitman shaft (35), so that can vertically move and sealing is bearing in the oil cylinder, and the volume that changes working space (29), it is characterized in that,
Each piston (32) preferably is fixedly attached on the connecting rod (30) on rotating on globality ground, and
Along in the lateral plan of pitman shaft (35) direction, piston (32) has the ball-shaped outline at least in the middle.
8, have high pressure and a low pressure feed flow pipeline as each claim of front is described, especially be suitable for the hydraulic efficiency gear of hydraulic efficiency pressure system, wherein
One group oil cylinder is arranged in the Master cylinder body with star fashion, and these oil cylinders are intersected in the central authorities of Master cylinder body, forms a central space,
A pitman shaft that rotates with respect to Master cylinder body extends through Master cylinder body prejudicially, and
The piston that links to each other with pitman shaft is guided by oil cylinder, so that can vertically move and sealing is bearing in the oil cylinder, and the volume that changes working space, it is characterized in that,
All pistons (32) are fixed on the common connecting rod ring (33), in the connecting rod ring, the flat spigot surface of arranging perpendicular to piston (32) sense of motion is arranged on the outer peripheral face of eccentric shaft (35), and along the circumferential direction be furnished with director element, T slot (52) for example, the afterbody of the tail end of connecting rod (30) and/or piston (32) obtains mobile guide in above-mentioned director element, described tail end and/or afterbody are designed to the complementary elements of director element, for example slide block (51).
9, as the described hydraulic efficiency gear of each claim of front, it is characterized in that,
Piston (32) moves in insert, and insert pivotally is installed in the Master cylinder body (31), and the parallel axes of described pivot is in the pivot center of hydraulic efficiency gear (1), and
Piston (32) and piston rod (30) are made an integral body.
10, hydraulic efficiency gear as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, on the pivot center direction of hydraulic efficiency gear (1), the outer contour of insert is a part circle, and insert is contained in the corresponding interior contoured surface of Master cylinder body.
11, have high pressure and a low pressure feed flow pipeline as each claim of front is described, especially be suitable for the hydraulic efficiency gear of hydraulic efficiency pressure system, wherein
One group oil cylinder is arranged in the Master cylinder body with star fashion, and these oil cylinders are intersected in the central authorities of Master cylinder body, forms a central space,
A pitman shaft that rotates with respect to Master cylinder body extends through Master cylinder body prejudicially, and
The piston that links to each other with pitman shaft is guided by oil cylinder, so that can vertically move and sealing is bearing in the oil cylinder, and the volume that changes working space,
Be connected in the outwardly open annular undercut slots (52) of slide block (51) on pitman shaft (35) or connecting rod ring (33) on the piston tail and be directed,
It is characterized in that
The bottom surface that radial direction is launched the being seen slide block in back (51) is a parallelogram, or arrow-shaped, or two in the axial direction local overlapping formed shape of rectangle that is adjacent to each other on circumferential direction, like this, although increased the total length of slide block (51), but when arranging, the same number of these slide blocks still can be successively set on the circumference of connecting rod ring.
12, as the described hydraulic efficiency gear of each claim of front, it is characterized in that
On the running surface of the part that connecting rod (30) is inner, be provided with the shallow pressure chamber (200) that some are filled with the mouth hydraulic medium with big as far as possible area, so that the hydrostatic support with respect to eccentric shaft to be provided.
13, as the described hydraulic efficiency gear of each claim of front, it is characterized in that, by the very little passage in some cross sections between piston and the insert or insert and Master cylinder body between or connecting rod outer end and piston tail between slidingsurface hydraulic medium from mouth is provided, for lubricated.
14, as the described hydraulic efficiency gear of each claim of front, it is characterized in that, oil cylinder (36) roughly is tangentially with respect to the center of Master cylinder body (31), particularly is arranged in the Master cylinder body (31) with respect to radial direction completely with becoming 15 ° of-60 ° of angles.
15, as the described hydraulic efficiency gear of each claim of front, it is characterized in that
Oil cylinder (36) is arranged in two axial sagittal planes (50) separately at least, and its mode is to make the axial length of Master cylinder body (31) as far as possible little, and
Maximum compression point in its rotary state of piston in each sagittal plane (50) is identical angle of skew mutually, and the diametral load that produces in the work is roughly offset each other.
16, hydraulic efficiency gear as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that,
Oil cylinder (36) is arranged in two axial sagittal planes (50) separately at least, and its mode is to make the axial length of Master cylinder body (31) as far as possible little, and
The piston of work acts on hydraulic efficiency gear (1) independently of one another in each sagittal plane (50), and, if suitable, be controlled independently.
17, as the described hydraulic efficiency gear of each claim of front, it is characterized in that,
Master cylinder body (31) rotates and is connected on the S. A. (141) with piston (33), and S. A. extends through static connecting rod with oil passage axle (35),
On an end face of Master cylinder body (31), by an end plate (142) Master cylinder body (31) is connected on the axle (141) substantially fixedly on rotating,
On another end face of Master cylinder body (31), pitman shaft (35) is connected on the push rod that can radially adjust (34), so that the offset that surpasses zero position of adjusting shaft (35).
18, hydraulic efficiency gear as claimed in claim 17, it is characterized in that, fixed a control panel (54) that is used for being connected on the push rod (34) on one end face of pitman shaft (35), the diameter of this control panel is greater than the diameter of pitman shaft (35), and radially is directed.
19, as the described hydraulic efficiency gear of each claim of front, it is characterized in that, the Master cylinder body (31) that rotates is connected on the axle drive shaft (141) on rotating substantially fixedly by a coupling element (98), male part (98) fill perhaps between the Master cylinder body (31) and pitman shaft (35) existence radially with axial gap and slight angular deviation.
20, as the described hydraulic efficiency gear of each claim of front, it is characterized in that, in order to adjust offset, pitman shaft (35) links to each other with a push rod, this push rod can be adjusted by the rotation axis that a rocking bar supporting member is parallel to hydraulic efficiency gear, and the rocking bar supporting member favours the pivot center of hydraulic efficiency gear.
21, it is characterized in that as the front described hydraulic efficiency gear of each claim, pitman shaft (35) comprises the eccentric bushing (56,57) of two suits, connecting rod ring (33) or slide block (51) move on the outside face of eccentric ring (56) outside, the inside face of interior eccentric ring (57) is bearing on the concentric surface (55), and
Two eccentric bushings (56,57) can be adjusted element by one and adjust on equal angles ground on the contrary.
22, hydraulic efficiency gear as claimed in claim 21, it is characterized in that adjusting element and comprise a gear at least, this gear meshes with outer eccentric bushing (56) and interior eccentric bushing (57) simultaneously, and some eccentric bushings wherein (56,57) can be adjusted from the external rotating ground of hydraulic efficiency gear.
23, as the described hydraulic efficiency gear of each claim of front, it is characterized in that,
Each piston moves in the insert (110) of an inner cylindrical, the sealing of the outer face of this insert, and with as working space,
Insert (110) is fixed between two and half shells (240a, 240b) of housing, and go up separately this two and half shell sagittal plane (50) at the piston place when piston (32) is installed, and then removably be connected to each other.
As the described hydraulic efficiency gear of each claim of front, it is characterized in that 24, the service duct of hydraulic medium passes the inside of piston, the inside of the inside of connecting rod (30) and/or slide block (51), and the inside of hydraulic efficiency gear eccentric shaft.
As each described hydraulic efficiency gear in the claim 6 to 22, it is characterized in that 25, by coming the sap pressure supply medium to extend the control arc that is provided with less than 180 ° on the housing inner peripheral surface, described control arc can radially be connected on the outer end of working space.
26, as the described hydraulic efficiency gear of each claim of front, it is characterized in that, pitman shaft (35) is adjustable with respect to the offset of Master cylinder body (31), control plunger (107) can be in the mode with respect to pitman shaft (35) sealing supporting, in a cavity of pitman shaft,, can charge into control agent in the working space (108,108 ') at control plunger (107) two ends with respect to the diad side travel of pitman shaft (35).
27, hydraulic efficiency gear as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, control plunger (107) is exactly an axle (141) itself.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93108216 CN1095674A (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1993-05-28 | Hydraulic-driven and brake system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93108216 CN1095674A (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1993-05-28 | Hydraulic-driven and brake system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1095674A true CN1095674A (en) | 1994-11-30 |
Family
ID=4987058
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93108216 Pending CN1095674A (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1993-05-28 | Hydraulic-driven and brake system |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1095674A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102673374A (en) * | 2011-03-12 | 2012-09-19 | 曼卡车和巴士股份公司 | Hybrid drive mechanism connected through auxiliary transmission mechanism |
| CN109532321A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-29 | 邹少锋 | A kind of roller structure and its method of operation based on big steamboat |
-
1993
- 1993-05-28 CN CN 93108216 patent/CN1095674A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102673374A (en) * | 2011-03-12 | 2012-09-19 | 曼卡车和巴士股份公司 | Hybrid drive mechanism connected through auxiliary transmission mechanism |
| CN102673374B (en) * | 2011-03-12 | 2016-05-18 | 曼卡车和巴士股份公司 | The hybrid drive connecting by auxiliary drive gear |
| CN109532321A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-29 | 邹少锋 | A kind of roller structure and its method of operation based on big steamboat |
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