CN109564118A - Method for determining the flow of water channel - Google Patents

Method for determining the flow of water channel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109564118A
CN109564118A CN201780045543.7A CN201780045543A CN109564118A CN 109564118 A CN109564118 A CN 109564118A CN 201780045543 A CN201780045543 A CN 201780045543A CN 109564118 A CN109564118 A CN 109564118A
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China
Prior art keywords
image
landform
water
mathematical model
video camera
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CN201780045543.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
安德雷·施通普夫
埃曼努埃尔·奥格热罗
克勒斯托弗·德拉科特
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Univerdite de Bretagne Occidentale
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Univerdite de Bretagne Occidentale
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Publication of CN109564118A publication Critical patent/CN109564118A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/002Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C11/00Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
    • G01C11/04Interpretation of pictures
    • G01C11/06Interpretation of pictures by comparison of two or more pictures of the same area
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/704Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter
    • G01F1/708Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
    • G01F1/7086Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using optical detecting arrangements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/704Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow using marked regions or existing inhomogeneities within the fluid stream, e.g. statistically occurring variations in a fluid parameter
    • G01F1/708Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
    • G01F1/712Measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using auto-correlation or cross-correlation detection means

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of methods for determining the flow in the section (or cross section) of the water channel of the observation position by water channel by the video camera captured image at scene.This method is specifically included in dry season measurement (E1, E2, E3 the step of) observing mathematical model of the landform of position to generate landform, by extracting the step of determining the water surface elevation at the section (E4) by the mathematical model for having water area and being superimposed with water area and landform in video camera captured image, the step of flowing velocity existing for determining at the section (E5) in water column, and determines the step of (E6) passes through flow of the water in section by the flowing velocity, by the height of the water surface and by landform mathematical model.

Description

Method for determining the flow of water channel
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods for determining the flow of water channel by capturing and handling image.The determination of this flow Or measurement is a part of the frame of water channel monitoring.The present invention is more specifically applied to the river that monitoring has movable bed.
Background technique
Known patent FR2993683 is related to the method for determining observed parameter associated with the water surface by imaging.This side Method needs, such as gauge (limnimetric scale), at least partly to submerge to determine using visualization supporter Water surface elevation at water channel point.The height of water is determined by capturing and handling the image supported from this visualization.
Problem is that this visualization support may deteriorate or shift when water level goes up.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of method for determining the flow of water channel, does not need the submergence in water channel and appoint What visualization is supported or instrument.
Allow to regularly the purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of and the water channel with movable bed is easily determined The method of flow, especially when water level goes up.According to the present invention, flow is determined by capturing and handling image.By commenting The volume of the water in one or several sections (or cross section) of inflow water channel in one second is estimated to calculate flow.By in the section The flowing velocity of flowing, the form of bottom of water channel and the height of the water surface calculate flow.
For this purpose, the present invention relates to a kind of for measuring across water channel (especially with the water channel of movable bed) extremely The method of the flow in a few section, at least one described section are present in the so-called observation position of water channel, flow it is described It determines by using the image of at least one video camera capture observation position and carries out, each point in described image, which has, is scheming Image coordinate in picture reference,
It the described method comprises the following steps:
During the preproduction phase,
So-called transformation model is determined at least one described video camera, for will be in the image as provided by video camera The image coordinate of point is converted into the map reference in the map system of coordinate, and on the contrary, for turning the map reference put Change the image coordinate in the image reference of video camera into,
Topography of the observation position in dry season is measured, preferably when water channel dries up, to generate its point in map reference The mathematical model of the Geographic Reference landform for the observation position being referenced in system,
The mathematical model of the Geographic Reference landform in image reference is converted by means of the transformation model of video camera, The mathematical model of so-called image landform is generated in this way,
During the so-called observation stage,
There are water area and described image as having described in water area and superposition in video camera captured image by extracting The mathematical model of landform determines the height of the water surface at least one described section,
Determine the flowing velocity being present in the water column at least one described section, and
By the flowing velocity, the height of the water surface and by the mathematical model of image landform, determine across described The flow of the water at least one section.
According to specific embodiment, the transformation model of each video camera is generated by following steps:
The map reference for being present in the reference point of observation position is obtained by geodesic survey,
At least one image of the observation area including the reference point is captured by the video camera, and
Described take the photograph is generated by making in image the image coordinate of reference point associated with the map reference of the reference point The transformation model of camera.
Reference point is that the reflectance target of observation position is for example evenly distributed on during the preproduction phase.
According to specific embodiment, the map reference of reference point is provided by the measuring tool with centimeter accurate, such as DGPS Receiver (or DGPS) or tacheometric pole.
According to specific embodiment, the mathematical model of Geographic Reference landform is raw according to following steps by stereophotogrammetric survey At:
By stereophotogrammetric method from at least two video camera institute captured images by being present in observation position in phase Mathematical model to the landform for generating observation position in coordinate system, the captured image includes that its map reference is predetermined Reference point, and
By by the coordinate of the reference point in relative coordinate system it is associated with the map reference of the reference point come pair The mathematical model of landform carries out Geographic Reference.
Reference point can be for generate (interim or non-provisional) its map reference be known transformation model or other The reference point of reference point.
According to interchangeable embodiment, the mathematical model for observing the landform of position is caught by the video camera for observing position What the image obtained generated.According to the interchangeable embodiment, digital terrain model (DTM) is by with better resolution ratio Image, such as by operator using DV captured image (or photo) stereophotogrammetric survey generate.Here, The mathematical model of Geographic Reference landform is generated by stereophotogrammetric survey according to following steps:
By the image of stereophotogrammetric survey position from by acquisition equipment such as DV capture in opposite seat The mathematical model of the landform of observation position is generated in mark system, the resolution ratio that the described image from acquisition equipment has, which is greater than, to be come from The resolution ratio of the image of the video camera of position is observed, the captured image further includes the predetermined reference of its map reference Point, and
By by the coordinate of the reference point in relative coordinate system it is associated with the map reference of the reference point come pair The mathematical model of landform carries out Geographic Reference.
According to specific embodiment, it is present in the water surface by being applied in the flowing velocity present on the section in water column On tracking object, if the point of foam and/or particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology of rips determine, to determine the figure of capture The flowing velocity on surface as in, then by being present in institute using scheduled model to the flowing velocity on surface to determine State the flowing velocity in the water column in section.The pre-determined model is, for example, the empirical model for being configured in situ measurement.
According to specific embodiment, the height of the water surface is determined by following steps:
The water area that has in video camera captured image is extracted, and
So that only retaining the part for corresponding to the mathematical model for the image landform for having water area extracted, at section The height of the water surface corresponds to the mode of the highest point of the mathematical model of the image landform at section by the waters of extraction and image The mathematical model of shape is superimposed.
According to specific embodiment, being detected in the picture by the moving region in detection image has water area.
According to specific embodiment, this method advantageously comprises the additional step of the vegetation area in detection image, described Vegetation area is derived from moving region to be formed with water area.Therefore what is detected has water area more reliable.
According to interchangeable embodiment, detected in the picture by calculating variance and the average brightness of the pixel of image There is water area, there is the pixel that water area corresponds to average variance and luminosity is greater than predetermined threshold.
The method of water surface elevation at the section (or cross section) that the invention further relates to a kind of only including measurement water channel.Mesh thus , the method for the water surface elevation at least one section that the invention further relates to a kind of for determining water channel, the section exists At the observation position of so-called water channel, the image of observation position is captured by using at least one video camera to carry out height The determination, each point of described image have image coordinate in image reference,
It the described method comprises the following steps:
In the preliminary so-called Geographic Reference stage,
So-called transformation model is determined at least one described video camera, for will be in the image as provided by video camera The image coordinate of point be converted into the map reference in map coordinates system, and on the contrary, map reference conversion for that will put At the image coordinate in the image reference of video camera,
Topography of the observation position in dry season is measured, preferably when water channel dries up, to generate its point in map reference The mathematical model of the Geographic Reference landform for the observation position being referenced in system,
The mathematical model of the Geographic Reference landform in image reference is converted by means of the transformation model of video camera, with This mode generates the mathematical model of so-called image landform,
During the so-called observation stage,
The water area that has in video camera captured image is extracted, and
The mathematical model of the waters of extraction and image landform is superimposed, only retain has pool with what is extracted in this way The mathematical model part of the corresponding landform in domain, the height of the water surface at section correspond to the digital mould of the image landform at section The highest point of type.
Detailed description of the invention
- Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram in the section of water channel, and the flow of water channel is measured by it,
- Fig. 2 is flow chart the step of showing method of the invention, and
- Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b show transformation model.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will determine water in the video camera captured image arranged from by the platform of the bridge across the water channel It is described in the frame of the flow in road.The video camera used is, for example, the video camera for being commonly used in supervision application.
According to the present invention, by assess in one second flow into water channel C one or more section S in water volume come Flow is calculated, as shown in Figure 1.According to the present invention, flowing velocity of the flow of calculating from water flow, the form of water channel bottom and should The height of the water surface at section.
Fig. 2 is figure the step of summarizing method of the invention.It includes five steps labeled as E1 to E5.Step E1 Carried out during the preliminary so-called Geographic Reference stage with step E2, and step E3 to step E5 water channel observation (or Monitoring) it is carried out during the stage.
More specifically, method includes the following steps:
Step E1: the transformation model of each video camera of position is determined;
Step E2: in the landform of dry season measurement observation position;
Step E3: determining the water surface elevation at each section,
Step E4: determining the flowing velocity present on each section in water column, and
Step E5: the flow of the water by each section is determined.
According to the present invention, the figure for observing the video camera on position is being mounted in the calculating that step E3 is carried out into step E5 As being carried out in reference.
Step E1: determine the transformation model of each video camera of position
For any physical computing carried out by imaging, it is necessary to Geographic Reference is carried out to image, to know image The holding (hold) on the ground of each pixel and their true resolutions in map reference point.
For the step, several temporary reference points, such as reflectance target are arranged on observation position.These temporary reference points It is advantageously evenly distributed on observation position.Using geodesic survey tool, such as sighting distance differential GPS, (also referred to as DGPS difference is complete Ball positioning system) measure the map locations of these temporary reference points.
It then include the observation position of the temporary reference point using the one or more video cameras capture of arrangement in position Several images set.Then the map reference (being provided by geodesic survey tool) and these interim ginsengs of temporary reference point are provided Image coordinate of the examination point in the reference picture of each image provided by video camera.According to the present invention, it then derives each The transformation model of video camera, the image coordinate of the picture point in image allowed to are converted into the seat of the map in map reference point Mark.
The model allows to determine the holding on the ground of each image pixel.
The transformation model of generation such as Fig. 3 a to Fig. 3 b is shown.Fig. 3 a is the observation shown in the image coordinate system of video camera The image of position, and Fig. 3 b shows the identical figure for projecting transformation model in map coordinates system applied to the image of Fig. 3 a Picture.
Step E2: in the landform of dry season measurement observation position
The landform of measurement observation position was carried out in dry season, the preferably progress when water channel dries up.The purpose of this step It is to generate digital terrain model or DTM.
The step is carried out by stereophotogrammetric method.The technology is based on principle of stereoscopic vision.It is obtained from different points of view Two images of same object allow to rebuild the 3 dimensional coil geometry of the object.By image correlation, to search between them Rope respective point (homologous point).It measures offset between these respective points and allows to calculate them in three dimensions Position.Then obtaining the result is that scatter plot, carries out interpolation to it then to obtain the mathematical model of landform.
Image for stereophotogrammetric survey includes that its map reference is known interim or non-provisional reference point.These point E.g. have been used to generate the point of transformation model.They are, for example, by the figure for the video camera capture being mounted on the platform of bridge Picture.
In practice, firstly, in relative coordinate system, pass through the stereophotogrammetric survey of the video camera captured image by bridge Generate the mathematical model of the landform of observation position.Then, by by the coordinate of the reference point in relative coordinate system and the reference The map reference of point, which is associated, carries out Geographic Reference to the DTM of generation.
Note that video camera on bridge positioning and its resolution ratio (at a fairly low) be not always to allow between reference point Good correlation is carried out, is essential for stereophotogrammetric survey calculating.
Therefore, according to Advantageous embodiments, the image for the step is generated by DV, and resolution ratio, which is greater than, to be taken the photograph The resolution ratio of camera, such as about at least about 10,000,000 pixels.Every N meters of X photo (or image) (or the X at each position Photo) for example captured by the operator moved along bridge.These X photos are more preferably with different visual angles (in vertical plane In) capture, the extended area of bridge upstream is covered in this way.
It is calculated in relative coordinate system by the stereophotogrammetric survey by DV captured image in the first step DTM.Then, by the way that the coordinate of the reference point in relative coordinate system is associated with the map reference of the reference point come to this DTM carries out Geographic Reference.
Step E3: measure the height of the water surface
The step at least partly can be carried out concurrently with the step E4 for measuring flowing velocity.
In the method, it is believed that the height along the section water surface is essentially identical.Term water surface elevation refer to orthogonal coordinate system (O, X, y, z) in coordinate z value.
According to the present invention, the height of water determines in the following manner:
Extracting in video camera captured image has water area;
Be superimposed the extraction in this way has water area and DTM image, has water area only to retain to correspond to The part of DTM image.
Then, the water surface elevation at section corresponds to the highest point of the DTM image of the part.
The extraction of water area can be executed in different ways.According to the invention it is assumed that there is water area to correspond to shooting Image sequence in moving region.By by PIV (particle image velocimetry) in by video camera captured image calculating speed Determine the moving region, the step E4 description as follows to measurement flowing velocity.It is sweared corresponding to speed the moving region Measure the picture point being not zero.
The hypothesis (water area=moving region) assumes that the rest part of image is fixed.However, this and not always So.In fact, vegetation can move under wind action.Moreover, vegetation area is excluded according to advantageous embodiment Have except water area.Based on actinometry standard detection vegetation area, especially their color (green).
Water can have been calculated by calculating variance and their average brightness of the value of the pixel on several consecutive images The detection in region.The two parameter combinations form the existing clue of water together.The value of these parameters is higher, and there are water Probability is higher.Hereinafter, binary mask (binary mask) is generated using automatic threshold technology.Processing should again Mask is to inhibit isolated point and noise.
Once having detected water area in the picture, it is superimposed upon on DTM image.Only retain to correspond to and has water area The part DTM, and as described above, for the given section DTM, the water surface elevation in river then correspondes to the section DTM Highest point.
Step E4: measurement flowing velocity
The step carries out on image identical with the image of height of water is calculated.
Flowing velocity of the water column at section calculates in two steps: in the first step, calculating the speed of water at section, then exists In second step, the flowing velocity of entire water column is calculated.
The speed of water at surface is measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV).
PIV method is a kind of for measuring the optical means of fluid instantaneous velocity.This method is commonly used in laboratory. The fluid of measuring speed sows the dynamic (dynamical) Passive particles for being referred to as tracer for following flowing.Pass through illuminated with laser light fluid And particle, make particle visible in this way.It is imaged due to flowing with high-frequency, it, can be in two companies by related algorithm Particle is tracked on continuous image.Therefore, the movement of particle allows to calculate the field of studied flowing velocity.In such case Under, it is proposed that use foam present on water surface, foam or small echo as tracer.
For each pair of image continuous in time, PIV software is found in referred to as search window (than associated window mouth width) Similar image section (or correlation window) in image section.The standard of similitude statistically defines.Two consecutive images Two correlation windows between offset be actually the measurement of spatial offset generated between two images.Known separation two The time interval (1/25 second) of image, then obtains speed.The process is carried out (in each of image to each tracer of image Correlation window is defined around point), and allow to rebuild velocity field.
This method of image applied to look-out station allows to obtain the field of the velocity vector of all tracers, and The field of the velocity vector of all the points of each image is obtained by interpolation.Before conversion in map reference point, with pixel per second The vector field that number (pixel/s) indicates shows higher speed in the region (near field) of the position near video camera.It uses Channel in the map coordinates system of the transformation model defined in step E1 allows to obtain the speed in terms of meter per second (m/s) Vector, and allow to correct the distortion generated by the inclination of video camera.
It is the speed of the flowing on surface by the speed that PIV method measures.In order to calculate flow, it is necessary to determine in river The flowing velocity in water column extended between bottom (riverbed) and the water surface.
Due to well-known empirical model in hydrology field, it is determined that between the speed in superficial velocity and water column The coefficient in channel, these models can be calibrated via in situ measurement.In these models, the speed of river bottom is considered as Zero or almost nil.The height of the water calculated in step E3 is also supplied to model, with calculate be located at bottom (zero velocity) and The speed on entire water column between surface (maximum speed).
Step E5: the calculating of flow
By the flow of the water in one or more sections in river by following calculating:
Flowing velocity in the water column existing for the section,
The height of the water surface at the section, and
- DTM image.
Advantageously, flow is calculated on 3 sections in river, and the flow retained is average flow rate, in this way Reduce the uncertainty of measurement.
The invention further relates to the methods for determining water surface elevation, such as the method defined in step E3.

Claims (10)

1. for determining the method especially by water channel with the flow at least one section of water channel of movable bed, institute It states at least one section to be present in the so-called observation position of the water channel, the determination of the flow is by using at least One video camera captures the image of the observation position to carry out, and each point of described image has the image in image reference Coordinate,
It the described method comprises the following steps:
In the elementary step,
(E1) so-called transformation model is determined at least one described video camera, the image for will be provided by the video camera In the image coordinate of point be converted to the map reference in map coordinates system, vice versa,
The observation position is measured at dry season, preferably when the water channel is dry (E2) landform, to generate observation The mathematical model of the Geographic Reference landform of position refers to its point in map coordinates system, and by means of the institute of the video camera The mathematical model that transformation model converts the Geographic Reference landform in described image reference is stated, is generated in this way so-called The mathematical model of image landform,
During the so-called observation stage,
By extracting as having described in water area and superposition with having water area and described image in video camera institute captured image The mathematical model of shape determines the height of the water surface of (E3) at least one described section,
Determine the flowing velocity that (E4) is present in the water column at least one described section, and
Determine that (E5) passes through institute by the flowing velocity, the height of the water surface and by the mathematical model of described image landform State the flow of the water at least one section.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein generating the conversion of each video camera by following steps Model:
The map reference of reference point present in the observation position is obtained by geodesic survey,
At least one image of the viewing area including the reference point is captured by the video camera, and
It is generated by keeping the image coordinate of the reference point in described image associated with the map reference of the reference point The transformation model of the video camera.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the mathematical model of the Geographic Reference landform passes through vertical Body is photogrammetric to be generated according to following steps:
In relative coordinate system, captured by stereophotogrammetric survey by least two video cameras for being present in the observation position Image generate it is described observation position landform mathematical model, the captured image includes that its map reference is predetermined Reference point, and
By the way that the coordinate of the reference point in the relative coordinate system is associated with the map reference of the reference point come ground Reason refers to the mathematical model of landform.
4. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the mathematical model of the Geographic Reference landform passes through vertical Body is photogrammetric to be generated according to following steps:
By the stereophotogrammetric survey by the capture device such as image of the observation position of DV capture in opposite seat The mathematical model of the landform of the observation position is generated in mark system, the described image from the capture device, which has to be greater than, to be come from The resolution ratio of the image of the video camera, institute's captured image further include the predetermined reference point of its map reference, and
By the way that the coordinate of the reference point in relative coordinate system is associated with the map reference of the reference point come geographical ginseng Examine the mathematical model of landform.
5. method according to claim 1 to 4, which is characterized in that be present in the water column at the section Flowing velocity by being applied to the tracer such as particle image velocimetry of foam point and/or rips that is present on the surface of water (PIV) technology determines, to determine the flowing velocity on the surface in captured image, then by the surface The flowing velocity determine the flowing velocity being present at the section in water column using scheduled model.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the height of the water surface is determined by following steps:
It extracts by having water area in the video camera captured image;
Extraction there is into the superposition of the mathematical model of water area and described image landform, is only retained and the extraction in this way The mathematical model for having the corresponding described image landform of water area part, the height of the water surface at the section corresponds to institute State the highest point of the mathematical model of the described image landform at section.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, in the picture by the moving region in detection described image There is water area described in detection.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that it includes the step for detecting the vegetation area in described image Suddenly, the vegetation area is derived from the moving region to be formed and described have water area.
9. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, passing through the variance for the pixel for calculating described image and being averaged bright It spends to there is water area described in the detection in described image, it is described to there is water area to correspond to its average variance and brightness greater than predetermined threshold The pixel of value.
10. the method for the height of the water surface at least one section for determining water channel, the section is present in the institute of water channel In the observation position of meaning, the determination of the height captures the image of the observation position by using at least one video camera It carrying out, each point of described image has the image coordinate in image reference, it the described method comprises the following steps:
During the preliminary so-called Geographic Reference stage,
So-called transformation model is determined at least one described video camera, the described image for will be provided by the video camera In the image coordinate of point be converted to the map reference in map coordinates system, vice versa,
The observation position is measured at dry season, preferably the landform when the water channel is dry, to generate the observation The mathematical model of the Geographic Reference landform of position refers to its point in earth-fixed co-ordinate system,
The number of the Geographic Reference landform is converted in described image reference by the transformation model of the video camera Model generates the mathematical model of so-called image landform in this way,
During the so-called observation stage,
The water area that has in the described image captured by the video camera is extracted, and
There to be the superposition of the mathematical model of water area and described image landform described in extraction, only retains and extract in this way The mathematical model for having the corresponding landform of water area part, the height of the water surface at the section corresponds to institute State the highest point of the mathematical model of the described image landform at section.
CN201780045543.7A 2016-05-27 2017-05-24 Method for determining the flow of water channel Pending CN109564118A (en)

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FR1654777A FR3051901A1 (en) 2016-05-27 2016-05-27 METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE FLOW OF A COURSE OF WATER
FR1654777 2016-05-27
FR1656289 2016-07-01
FR1656289A FR3051902B1 (en) 2016-05-27 2016-07-01 METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE FLOW OF A COURSE OF WATER
PCT/FR2017/051298 WO2017203179A1 (en) 2016-05-27 2017-05-24 Method for determining the flow rate of a water course

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