CN109563701B - Modular rainwater retention system - Google Patents

Abstract

A modular stormwater retention system and method for exemplary use in collecting and temporarily retaining stormwater runoff. The system includes a plurality of modular retention units selectively connected together to form an inner chamber volume for collecting stormwater runoff directed into the chamber volume. A plurality of modular trays engage the tops of respective retention units to prevent relative movement of the retention units and eliminate or substantially reduce the need for porous material to be installed in and around the retention units, thereby greatly increasing the void space of the excavation available for collecting and retaining rainwater. The tray further supports the backfill material and prevents the backfill material from entering the void space below the tray.

Description

Modular rainwater retention system

Background

In large commercial and residential construction projects, adjustments must be made for utility lines and rainwater runoff management. For example, in commercial building structures, utility lines and cables, such as electrical wires, natural gas lines, and communication lines, need to be installed inside and outside of the building and connected to local grids and subscriber lines. Within multi-story commercial buildings, these lines and cables are typically laid beneath the floor, above a suspended ceiling or within columns and walls within the building. If wiring is to be run below the floor, architects and civil engineers must typically provide an elevated, semi-permanent floor structure to access and lay these pipelines, or permanently install hollow pipes or tubes in individual concrete floors, to either initially install the pipelines or to lay and repair the pipelines in the future.

Furthermore, due to the potential environmental impact of these construction projects, rain, collection, management and retention structures are increasingly receiving attention with respect to commercial and residential building structures. External rainwater management systems are typically low-level structures and are used to manage rainwater runoff from impervious surfaces such as roofs, sidewalks, roads, and parking lots. Groundwater collection and storage chamber systems may be designed to maintain storm water runoff and allow for slower drainage of storm water effluent. As an example, such a system may be configured under vehicle parking lots and structures such that the storage compartment system receives water from a drain inlet or other structure and drains it over time. One example of an existing external storm water installation is the Triton storm water solution room management system.

The design and installation of traditional raintank solutions is challenging due to a number of factors. For example, as underground systems, the space or footprint of large, long chambers is limited by the land that these systems own and have available for use. If there is no large rectangular space at the location of the parallel orientation of the plurality of chambers, irregular configurations and less than optimal chamber orientations are required to maximize the volume of the space to retain and gradually drain rain or other run-off water.

Previous rain water retention systems also suffer from the disadvantage of having to use large amounts of porous material (e.g., stones in a size range) to fill interstitial volume spaces between the excavation void space not occupied by the rain water retention chambers and the underground rain water retention chambers and other rain water retention structures. The stones greatly reduce the total void space of the foundation pit available for collecting and retaining rainwater runoff. It is estimated that the common stone size installed in previous rain retaining excavation accounts for 60-70% of the available void space.

Stone is more expensive to purchase, transported to the site and requires a large storage space at the site until it is arranged to be installed in the foundation pit. The stones are also very heavy and require large earthworking apparatus to move the stones from the delivery trucks to the site storage area upon arrival and from the site storage area to the pit area at the scheduled installation time, which may be days or even weeks. The rental of large earthmoving equipment, which is often required to move and install stones, is a significant expense. The installation costs associated with the use of such stones are only increased if there is an unplanned delay.

There is a need for a robust modular stormwater containment system that provides an interior chamber that is selectively configurable to provide a multi-directional stormwater path and to serve as a stormwater holding chamber for gradual diffusion of stormwater runoff through soil posts that fill a gutter system that thereupon supplements the environment. There is also a need for improved subsurface stormwater retention systems that improve performance, system life, and reduce burden and cost.

Disclosure of Invention

Examples of modular piping units for creating a modular piping unit structure are disclosed. The invention has many applications, ranging from cables used in laying utility lines and concrete floors and walls of commercial buildings, to forming underground storm water management and distribution systems. The units and modular structures of the present invention may be erected along a structure, buried underground or under stone, or encased in concrete or other material for permanent application in permanent structures such as high-rise commercial buildings.

In one example of the invention, each modular ducting unit has a dome-shaped structure and a four leg design, forming a self-standing, strong unit. The exemplary unit includes four sides with the dome extending outwardly and defining four openings, one pair of which is opposite each other along a respective first or second chamber axis. The unit provides a hollow interior chamber in communication with the opening.

At the connection of the two modular piping units, an extended passageway is formed through the opening for laying utility lines, cables or other devices through the passageway. The modular units may be connected to form typical and irregular geometries to accommodate space (space) or space (footprint) provided at a construction site. The modular units and connected modular structures may be backfilled, buried, or encased in a material such as concrete while leaving open channels for wiring or providing internal storage volume.

In another example of particular use in an underground storm water management system, modular retention units have a horizontal or planar upper support surface for selectively engaging modular trays. The modular trays have a variety of functions including, but not limited to, a support surface for pit backfill material, preventing relative movement of the engaged retaining unit and adjacent modular trays, and substantially eliminating the need to install porous or backfill material around the retaining unit. Improving or substantially eliminating the need for porous materials (e.g., stones) around rain retaining devices is a significant technical and business improvement over existing systems. In a preferred example, the modular retention units are stackable, further reducing the space required for materials at the worksite prior to installation.

Closure panels may be selectively attached to cover selected openings in the cells to customize the structure or to close them completely as a storage volume.

In an exemplary method of forming a modular ducting unit, several individual modular ducting units are connected together to form a first and optionally an additional second channel through the unit for laying utility lines or an exemplary use of managing storm water runoff. Closure panels may be added to enclose selected portions of the cells or to terminate the channels.

In an exemplary method of particular use in subsurface stormwater retention applications, a plurality of modular retention units are connected in a desired configuration to accommodate the shape and size of a foundation pit, forming an internal chamber volume to collect and retain stormwater runoff. A plurality of modular trays are engaged on the upper support surfaces of the retention units that prevent relative movement of the retention units and prevent backfill material from entering the interstitial volume spaces between connected retention units, thereby preserving a greater amount of foundation pit void space for collecting and retaining rainwater or other fluids or materials.

Other examples and applications of the present invention will be appreciated and understood by those skilled in the art upon reading the following description and drawings.

Drawings

The description herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one example of a single modular catheter unit;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the catheter unit shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a rear view of the catheter unit shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the catheter unit shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the catheter unit of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6A is an exemplary exploded cross-sectional view showing the first and second conduit units in a disengaged position and an engaged position, respectively;

FIG. 6B is an exemplary cross-sectional view showing the joined catheter units of FIG. 6A;

FIG. 6C is an enlarged portion of region C in FIG. 6A;

FIG. 6D is an enlarged portion of area D in FIG. 6A;

fig. 7 is a front view showing an example of a duct unit closing panel;

fig. 8 is a sectional exploded view showing an example of the duct unit and the closing panel.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing an example of three duct units coupled together along two passage shafts.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of a large number of catheter units connected together and an alternative application of an exemplary closure panel structure;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an exemplary application of a plurality of conduit units and gates configured as a low-level water retention and dispersion structure;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional schematic view showing an example of a plurality of piping units encased in concrete and in an exemplary application for laying utility lines;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view illustrating an exemplary connecting conduit member;

FIG. 14 is a top view illustrating four exemplary conduit units interconnected by the connecting member of exemplary FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a schematic flow chart diagram of an example of a method of constructing a modular piping unit structure; and

FIG. 16 is a schematic perspective view of an exemplary alternative rainwater management system in an underground excavation;

FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 16;

fig. 18 is a perspective view of an example of the modular rainwater retention unit in fig. 17;

FIG. 19 is a side view of the exemplary cell of FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a top view of the exemplary cell of FIG. 18;

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 21-21 of FIG. 18;

FIG. 22 is a schematic alternative perspective view of the system shown in FIG. 16 without the exemplary tray;

fig. 23 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line 23-23 of fig. 17.

FIG. 24 is an alternative partial schematic perspective view of an example of an alternative rainwater management system;

FIG. 25 is an enlarged, fragmentary perspective view of area "A" in FIG. 24, showing an exemplary locking key;

FIG. 26 is a front schematic view of an example of a two-stage storm water management system using example modular units and pallets; and FIG. 27 is a schematic flow diagram of an example of a process for constructing a groundwater level rainwater retention system.

Detailed Description

Exemplary modular construction piping units 100 and methods are illustrated in exemplary constructions, applications, and accessories in fig. 1-15.

Examples of improved modular stormwater retention systems are discussed below and shown in fig. 16-27.

Referring to the example shown in fig. 1-5, the conduit 100 is a four-legged dome structure, shown as having a first side 101, a second side 102, a third side 103, and a fourth side 104. In a preferred example, as shown, the conduit 100 includes a base 108 and a dome-shaped top 110, the top 110 having an apex 111 along a longitudinal axis 113. As shown, the top 111 slopes radially and gradually downward toward four legs 120, which legs 120 terminate in footpads 124.

In this example, the top portion 110 is configured such that when the conduit unit is covered with a material (e.g. with gravel, stones or dust), the material will not easily collect on the top of the top portion 110. Instead, the preferred dome shape of the top portion 110 naturally directs material under gravity to all sides of the conduit 100, allowing for even backfilling and weight distribution around the conduit 100.

In the example shown, the catheter unit 100 comprises a plurality of formations 112 and 114. In the example shown, the formations 112 are in the form of ribs and are continuous with a top portion comprising the apex 111. The exemplary configuration 114 is shown in a recessed form below the surface of the rib 112. The gradual slope of the formations 112 and 114 and the top facilitates the dispersal of the backfill described above and increases the strength, rigidity and aesthetic qualities of the unit 100. It will be appreciated that the exemplary constructions 112 and 114 may be different numbers and take other forms than those shown in fig. 1-14, depending on performance and load-bearing specifications, environmental applications, material selection, and aesthetic considerations.

Fig. 1-5 illustrate an exemplary modular catheter unit 100. Dome unit 100 may be made of plastic, composite, or other materials known to those skilled in the art. As best shown in the examples in fig. 1-3 and 7, the conduit unit 100 preferably includes four legs 120, each leg 120 extending downwardly from the top 110, each leg being positioned at a respective corner of the conduit 100, wherein pairs of the first side 101, the second side 102, the third side 103 and the fourth side 104 meet at the corner. In the preferred example shown, each leg 120 includes a formation 122 extending down the length of the leg 120. It should be understood that configuration 112 may vary as previously described for configurations 112 and 114. In this example, the legs 120 are angled downwardly and radially outwardly from the longitudinal axis 113. It should be understood that the legs 120 may extend at other angles and orientations known to those skilled in the art.

In this example, each leg 120 terminates in a foot pad 124, the foot pad 124 having, for example, a generally flat surface configured to contact an underlying surface 125 and thereby support the catheter unit 100. As described below and generally shown in fig. 7, footpads 124 may be configured to help align the duct 100 during installation by placing the duct units 100 so that the edges of footpads 124 on adjacent dome units 100 are closely adjacent to each other and in the proper orientation for engagement.

In a preferred example, as best shown in fig. 2 and 3. A plate member 126 interconnects each leg 120 with a respective foot pad 124. Each plate member 126 is a generally planar member that extends upwardly from the respective foot pad 124 and is substantially perpendicular to the respective foot pad 124. The plate members 126 may each extend in a direction radially aligned with the center and longitudinal axis 113 of the dome unit 100. Plate members 126 are each used to reinforce leg 120 and foot pad 124. Plate members 126 may also help dome unit 100 maintain its shape prior to installation, such as when dome units 100 are stacked for shipping. The plate member 126 may also serve a positioning function, as will be further described herein. It should be understood that structures other than plate member 126 may be used where desired to enhance the engagement between leg 120 and footpad 124. Where performance specifications or other factors do not require plate 126, it may be eliminated.

In the preferred example of the illustrated catheter unit 100, each of the first side 101, the second side 102, the third side 103 and the fourth side 104 defines a substantially planar surface 130. Each surface 130 is bounded by a pair of legs 120 and a top 110. The upstanding arcuate member 132 extends axially outward along a first chamber axis 128 or a second chamber axis 129, as generally illustrated, the first chamber axis 128 or the second chamber axis 129 preferably intersects the longitudinal axis 113. In this example, each arcuate member 132 includes a rounded portion 133 and a linear portion 135 at the top thereof, each linear portion 135 extending downwardly from a respective side of the rounded portion 133 toward the bottom of the conduit unit 100 and tapering laterally outwardly from a respective chamber axis 128 or 129 toward the corners of the conduit unit 100.

In this example, each side 102, 103, and 104 includes a diverter that connects one of the generally planar surfaces 130 with a respective one of the generally illustrated upright arcuate members 132. Each diverter member is positioned on top of one of the upstanding arcuate members 132 and extends upwardly from the arcuate member 132 and inwardly upwardly toward the respective generally planar surface 130. The upper surface of each diverter member is inclined axially outwardly along the respective chamber axis 128 or 129 into a pyramidal configuration. Preferably, the diverter members 134 are configured such that when the pipe 100 is covered with material (such as by backfilling gravel, stone, concrete or dust), the material will not collect on top of each arcuate member 132, but rather is directed on the sides of each arcuate member 132, thus allowing even backfilling around the dome unit 100 and applying excessive stress on the arcuate members 132 until the conduit is properly surrounded and positionally stabilized by the backfilling material.

In the exemplary catheter unit 100, the top 110 and sides 101-104 define a hollow interior chamber 138 below the top 110.

Referring to fig. 1-3, the catheter unit 100 preferably defines four openings, each opening being located between a respective pair of legs 120. In the exemplary cell 100, a first opening 141, a second opening 142, a third opening 143, and a fourth opening 144 are formed on each of the respective first side 101, second side 102, third side 103, and fourth side 104, respectively. The first through fourth openings 141 and 144 are each bounded or defined by a respective one of the arcuate members 132 and communicate with the interior chamber 138. Thus, for example, each of the first through fourth openings 141 and 144 may each be substantially arcuate. For example, each arcuate opening includes a circular portion 133 having a diameter 130 and a linear portion 135 defining a perimeter 136. In a preferred example, the straight portions extend outwardly at an angle such that at the bottom of the opening, the opening distance between the legs 120 is greater than the circular portion and diameter. It should be understood that the arcuate member 132 and the openings 141 and 144 may take on other shapes, sizes, and orientations known to those skilled in the art.

In the preferred example, the opposing first and fourth openings 141, 144 are substantially aligned along a first chamber axis 128, the first chamber axis 128 defining a first channel 146 along the first chamber axis 128. Similarly, the second and third openings 142, 143 are substantially aligned along the second chamber axis 129 and define a second channel 148 as generally shown.

In the exemplary and preferred modular piping unit 100 shown, each piping unit 100 includes a connection structure that allows the unit 100 to be connected to a similar or identical piping unit 100. In one example of the piping unit 100 of the connection structure, and as best shown in fig. 4 and 5, two first connector portions or first and second male connectors 151 and 152 of the illustrated form define the first and second openings 141 and 142, respectively (as best shown in fig. 4). In a preferred example, the first connector portions 151 and 152 are integrally formed in the respective arcuate members 132 on adjacent sides and are upstanding, generally circular portions extending radially outward from the respective chamber axes 128 and 129.

In a preferred example of conduit 100, two second connectors in the exemplary form of female connector 161 and second female connector 162 define third opening 143 and fourth opening 144, respectively, on respective arcuate members 132.

As used herein, the terms "male" and "female" refer to structures that are configured to be complementary and may be connected to each other in a removable or permanent nature. Thus, the "male" structure has a complementary geometric configuration to the female structure. However, the terms "male" and "female" are not intended to imply or be limited to any particular structure. It should be understood that the first and second male and first and second female connectors shown may take other forms, shapes, or configurations known to those skilled in the art. It should also be understood that other structures and methods of connecting the conduit units 100 together may be used, for example, mechanical fasteners including bolts, nuts, screws, rivets and other mechanical fasteners known to those skilled in the art. It is also contemplated that other methods and devices may be used to removably or permanently attach or join the units 100 together, such as riveting, using adhesives, and other methods.

In a preferred example, as best shown in fig. 6A-6D, each of the example first and second male connectors 151 and 152 includes at least one protrusion 154 having an example circular configuration, and the first and second female connectors 161 and 162 have an example groove or channel configuration having a shape that is complementary to the first connector portion shape. In a preferred example, the at least one protrusion 154 defined by the first connector portions 151, 152 is an elongate lip extending along the respective arcuate member 132 and the at least one channel defined by the second connector portions 161, 162 is an elongate channel extending along the respective arcuate member 132, wherein the elongate lip of each respective first connector portion 151, 152 is receivable in the elongate channel of each respective second connector portion 161, 162 on the connecting conduit unit 100. As another example, the at least one protrusion 154 defined by the first connector portions 151, 152 may be in the form of a plurality of radially extending posts aligned along the respective arcuate members 132, and the at least one channel defined by the second connector portions 161, 162 may be a plurality of complementary apertures aligned along the respective arcuate members (not shown). As generally shown in fig. 6B, a continuous groove or channel 156 is preferably formed on the opposite side of the material from the circular protrusion 154.

In a preferred example as best shown in fig. 4, the first and second male connectors 151 and 152 are located on the first and second side surfaces 101 and 102, respectively, and thus on adjacent side surfaces that are substantially orthogonal to each other. Similarly, the first female connector 161 and the second female connector 162 are located on the third side 103 and the fourth side 104, respectively, and thus on adjacent sides that are substantially orthogonal to each other. In a preferred example and arrangement, the male and female connection structures are located opposite each other along respective channel axes 128 and 129 on the catheter unit 100. This allows multiple units to be easily connected together in any desired orientation while maintaining a consistent orientation of the multiple dome units. It will be appreciated that different configurations or combinations of first and second connector portions may be used to accommodate specific applications and desired configurations of partial or complete catheter systems.

In a preferred example, modular piping unit 100 is a thin-walled, unitary structure formed from a plastic resin during the molding process. In one preferred example, the side of the unit 100 between the outermost portions of the footpad 124 is 36 inches high and 30 inches high. It should be understood that other polymers, composite resins, non-ferrous metals, and other materials known to those skilled in the art may be used. It should also be understood that the catheter unit 100 may have different sizes, shapes, and configurations, and may have different processes than shown and described in the examples to suit particular applications and performance and environmental specifications.

Fig. 6A-6D show exemplary first and second conduit units 200, 210 in a disengaged position (fig. 6A) and an engaged position (fig. 6B). The first catheter unit 200 and the second catheter unit 210 are as described in relation to the catheter unit 100 and the first and second connector portions previously described and illustrated.

In the exemplary connection of the first conduit unit 200 and the second conduit unit 210, the first side 101 of the channel 164 of the first conduit unit 200 is generally aligned with the fourth side 104 of the second conduit unit 210 along the channel axis 128. Due in part to the angularly inclined portion of the arcuate member 132 and the complementary first and second connector portions, the second catheter unit 210 may be raised along the longitudinal axis 113 and lowered down onto the arcuate member 132 of the first catheter unit 200 such that the second connector portion channel 164 engages the first connector portion protrusion 154 (as generally shown in fig. 6D). The same or similar process is used to connect additional modular catheter units 100 to the second side 102 and the third side 103 by aligning the complementary first and second connector portions of the additional units 100. Other methods of aligning and engaging the first and second connector portions known to those skilled in the art may be used.

Referring to fig. 7, an exemplary closure panel or door 250 is shown. In this example, the closure panel 250 includes a contoured surface 254 and a perimeter 256, the perimeter 256 being sized and shaped to substantially cover a respective one of the first, second, third, or fourth openings 141, 142, 143, 144 in the conduit 100. As noted above, the contour of the surface 254 of the closure panel 250 preferably serves to prevent accumulation of backfill material on the panel. It should be understood that surface 254 may take on other shapes, configurations, and sizes to complement the structure of catheter 100 and to accommodate performance specifications and applications known to those skilled in the art.

In one example, the perimeter 256 of the panel 250 includes a third connector portion that is complementary to and engageable with either of the first connector or the second connector portion (e.g., the channel 164 or the protrusion 154) of the unit 100. In a preferred example, best seen in fig. 8, the closure panel third connector portion includes an upstanding flange or lip 260 extending along substantially the entire perimeter 256.

Where it is desired to close off the duct openings 141, 142, 143 and/or 144, for example where a plurality of duct units 100 are used as a rain water retention and distribution system, one closure panel 250 may be used for the respective opening as generally shown in fig. 10. The closure panel 250 is installed in a manner similar to the addition and connection of the second conduit unit 210 as described above. In a preferred example, the flanges 260 are oriented with corresponding openings, and the flanges 260 are inserted into the channels 164 or grooves 156 to join the panel 250 to the duct unit 100. In an alternative example not shown, perimeter 256 may include channels or grooves that complement and overlap and engage protrusions 154 or similar structures on respective arcuate members 132. It is understood that the closure panel 250 may be attached to the conduit 100 in different ways by fasteners and other methods described above for attaching a plurality of conduit units 100.

In another example of a modular conduit unit 100, a bottom or floor panel (not shown) may be used to partially or substantially cover or enclose the normally open portions between the conduit legs 120 and in the area of the openings 141 and 144. The exemplary floor panel may be a separate panel or integrally formed with other portions of the conduit 100. In the case of non-integral forming, a connector structure may be included to removably or permanently secure the floor panel to the conduit unit 100 (e.g., foot pad 124) by the methods described above or known to those skilled in the art. Exemplary floor panels may be generally planar or have a configuration or profile that is tailored to specific application or performance specifications.

As described above, in a preferred application or method of use, a plurality of individual modular duct units 100 are selectively connected together along one or both of the duct axes 128 and 129 to form one or more of the first and/or second ducts 146 and 148 (without the use of the closure panel 250). As depicted and best shown in fig. 12, each catheter unit 100 includes a hollow chamber 138. When additional conduit units 100 are added and connected, the length of the channels 146 and/or 148 increases, as does the volume of the combined hollow chambers, which provides increased retention, for example in a rain water retention system.

In the exemplary application as shown in FIG. 9, an exemplary structure 280 is shown. In this example, three conduit units 100, a first conduit unit 200, a second conduit unit 210 and a third conduit unit 290 are connected together along a first axis 128 and a second axis 129 forming a plurality of first channels 146 and second channels 148, for example, the laying of wires or cables in a commercial building.

In the example of an alternative modular ducting structure 300 shown in fig. 10, a plurality of individual modular ducting units 100 are connected together along a plurality of first and second axes 128, 129 to form a plurality of first and second channels 146, 148 and a hollow chamber 138 in the structure 300. In this example, many of the external or peripheral units 100 include closure panels 250 over two or more of the respective openings 141-144. As described, the structure of modular catheter unit 100 can take many geometries to accommodate space at the application site and meet performance and environmental specifications.

Fig. 11 shows an alternative example conduit unit structure 320 that is used as a low-grade water retention structure, placed, for example, under a parking lot. The exemplary conduit structure 320 includes a plurality of conduit units 100 coupled together along axes 128 and 129 and optionally provided with a closure panel 2501120 to close or seal the unconnected openings 141 and 144 to define an enclosed interior volume defined by a plurality of interior hollow chambers 138. In this example, a plurality of conduit units 100 are placed on top of a first layer of porous material 330 (e.g., gravel, stone, sand, and/or other material) and surrounded or backfilled with a second layer of porous material 334. Additional upper layers may include, for example, a geotextile layer 340, a base layer 344, and a pavement layer 350 (e.g., asphalt or concrete). In this example, a fluid inlet tube 360 extends through one of the closure panels 250 for fluid to flow into and/or out of the interior space defined by the interior hollow chamber 138. As described, the closure panel 250 may be selectively used to close some or all of the first and second channels 146, 148, either external or internal to the cell structure. In one example and application, after water enters the conduit structure 320 via the inlet tube 360, the water then exits the conduit structure 320 by permeating into and through the first layer of porous material 330.

Depending on the application, it should be understood that other structures and methods may be used to enter, exit, or manage fluids from the exemplary modular catheter structures described and contemplated herein. In an example not shown, one or more rows of connected duct units 100 along the axis 128 or 129 may be connected and used to form header rows (headers rows) or chambers to collect rain water first before it is allowed to pass from the header rows of the units 100 to the second or overflow chambers defined by additional connection units 100, which additional connection units 100 are connected to the header rows by transfer pipes through door closure panels 250, or directly to additional units 100 as described herein. See, for example, U.S. patent publication No. us2013/0008841a1 owned by the present inventors, which is incorporated herein by reference. Other configurations and applications known to those skilled in the art may be used.

Referring to fig. 16-27, an example of a modular stormwater retention system 1010 is shown and discussed below. Where the same or similar structures are used with the previous examples, the same reference numerals are used in the drawings for convenience and not for limitation purposes.

Referring to fig. 16, an example of one possible configuration of connected individual rain water retention units 1040 is shown positioned on a support surface of the porous material 330, such as in a foundation pit 1016 below ground level 1020 as generally shown. In this example, six (6) individual modular retention units 1040 are shown interconnected with two (2) interconnected trays 1180 discussed further below.

In the example of fig. 16 and as similarly described with respect to fig. 11, the modular rain water retention system 1010 may be used to collect and retain controlled dispersed rain water collected through rain water outlets 1026, for example at retail store parking lots. As discussed further below, the drain 1026 is connected to a downcomer 1030, the downcomer 1030 being connected to one or more inlet pipes 360 (one shown), the inlet pipes 360 leading to the modular retention structure 1010. As described with respect to fig. 11, the downcomers 1030 may first direct water into a row or configuration of cells 1040 referred to as a header row (not shown). The manifold may have additional conduits to direct water up to a certain height in the manifold into one or more configurations 1010 of interconnected cells 1040. See, for example, U.S. patent publication No. us2013/0008841a 1.

As discussed further below, in preferred applications and uses, the modular units 1040 will occupy substantially all of the size/area of the void space 1017 of the foundation pit 1016 and as much of the void space volume 1018 of the foundation pit 1016 as possible, to minimize the ground space required, while maximizing the void space 1018 to collect rainwater runoff (excess void space 1018 shown between the foundation pit earth walls and the exemplary system 1010 in fig. 16 for ease of illustration only), in view of the necessary backfill material. As shown and described above with respect to fig. 11, the remaining volume or void space 1018 of the excavation and the space above the retention device 1010 may be filled with the geotextile layer 340, the base layer 344, and the pavement 350. These materials 340, 344 and other materials known to those skilled in the art for backfilling or refilling the foundation pits 1016 are referred to herein as "backfill" materials. Other materials, configurations of structure 1010, and applications known to those skilled in the art may be used.

Referring to fig. 17 and 18, exemplary modular retention unit 1040 includes first, second, third and fourth sides 1046, 1048, 1050 and 1052 as generally shown. The unit 1040 generally has a bottom 1060 and a top 1056, the top 1056 having a longitudinal axis 1066, the longitudinal axis 1066 defining an interior chamber 1106 for collecting and retaining rain water and other fluids and materials, as further described below and known to those skilled in the art.

In the example cell 1040, four similarly configured legs 1070 are used, each having a configuration 1074 as generally shown. Foot pads 1080 are used at the lower ends of the legs for placement on a support surface (e.g., a layer of porous material), preferably selected predetermined sizes of crushed or processed stone. As previously described with respect to fig. 1-3, each of the respective sides of the cells 1040 includes an arcuate member 1090, the arcuate member 1090 including a circular portion 1094 and a linear portion 1100. As generally shown in fig. 1-3 and previously described, the respective arcuate members 1090 each include one of a first opening 1110, a second opening 1112, a third opening 1114, and a fourth opening 1116 defining a first chamber axis 1088 and a second chamber axis 1084 that form respective channels 1124 and 1120.

In the example cell 1040, each arcuate member 1090 includes a male or female connector (as described above with respect to fig. 4-6D) for interconnection of adjacent cells 1040. Other methods of interconnecting the plurality of cells 1040 to form the desired configuration known to those skilled in the art may be used. As generally described above with respect to fig. 9-11, multiple cells 1040 may be connected together to form different liquid retention configurations suitable for specific applications and performance specifications known to those skilled in the art. For reasons described below, it is preferable to use and interconnect enough cells 1040 to substantially fill the surface area of the support surface area 330 of the foundation pit 1016. It should be understood that the pit support surface 330 need not be a layer of porous material 330 (e.g., stone), but may be a layer of residential soil or other material suitable for the application and known to those skilled in the art.

Referring to fig. 18, top 1060 of exemplary modular unit 1040 includes a support surface 1130 that is preferably horizontal and/or planar (as best shown in fig. 19). In this example, the support surface 1130 includes a first central recess 1140, preferably including a first channel 1136 positioned substantially parallel to a first chamber axis 1084 and a second channel 1148 substantially parallel to a second chamber axis 1088, forming a criss-cross pattern (as best shown in fig. 20). As best shown in fig. 21 and 22, each channel 1140 and 1148 includes a channel support surface 1150.

As best shown in fig. 20, the example unit 1040 support surface 1130 also includes four external grooves 1160 located radially outward from the longitudinal axis 1066. As best shown in fig. 21 and 23, the external groove also has a support surface 1170. As best shown in fig. 18, the outer grooves 1160 are each defined by a formation 1166. It should be understood that the central 1136 and outer 1160 grooves may take on different sizes, shapes, configurations, numbers and locations on the cell 1040 to accommodate other requirements and performance specifications known to those skilled in the art.

In a preferred example, modular retention units 1040 can be vertically stacked on top of each other in a nested arrangement. When combined with the elimination or substantial elimination of backfilled stone, this stackability greatly reduces the footprint required by the system 1010 on the site prior to installation. Referring to FIG. 22, upon placement and attachment of a desired number and configuration of the retention units 1040, interstitial volume spaces 1174 are formed between the outer surfaces of each adjacent retention unit 1040. As best shown in fig. 22, interstitial volume spaces (all referred to as interstitial volume spaces for convenience) are further created between the exterior rows of retaining elements 1040 and the walls 1024 or foundation pit boundaries. In existing/conventional groundwater level rain retaining devices, these interstitial volume spaces typically need to be filled with a porous material (typically crushed stone). In these interstitial spaces or volumes not occupied by prior art storm water management devices, prior art devices use stones to fill the surroundings of the water management device, which occupies about 60-70% of the interstitial space volume. Thus, the use of existing stones in these interstitial void areas reduces the void space available for rain retention by 60-70%.

Modular units 1040 may be made of the same materials as modular units 100 described above, and have general dimensions and proportions substantially similar to units 100, unless otherwise specified herein. It should be understood that modular units 1040 may take on different shapes, sizes, configurations, and materials to suit particular applications and environments and predetermined performance specifications known to those skilled in the art. The relatively thin-walled, robust geometric design allows the unit 1040 to be easily lifted, carried, manipulated and installed by a single person in the foundation pit 1016 for ease of installation.

Referring to fig. 16, 17, 23, and 24, in an exemplary modular system 1010, one or more modular trays or cover plates 1180 (two shown) are used atop the interconnected modular units 1040. Each exemplary tray 1180 includes a top surface 1184 having a peripheral edge and sides 1186 generally shown. Preferably, as generally shown, each tray 1180 includes corner legs 1190 and an inner leg 1196 adjacent each side 1180.

As best shown in fig. 17, 23 and 24, in a preferred example of the system 1010, each tray 1180 is sized and oriented to span between at least two adjacent units 1040, and most preferably between four retention units as shown, such that the tray corner legs 1190 are positioned in the recesses of the respective central adjacent unit 1040. As generally shown, in this position, the inner leg of each tray 1180 is positioned within the outer groove 1160, respectively, of the adjacent unit 1040. As best shown in fig. 23, bottom portions of the legs rest on and are supported by respective support surfaces 1150 and 1166. It will be appreciated that different configurations of tray legs and grooves 1136 and 1160 may be used to engage and support a tray on unit 1040. For example, a groove may be located in the tray 1180 and a protrusion or pin extends upwardly from the retention unit support surface 1130. Other attachment mechanisms and configurations known to those skilled in the art may be used. It should also be understood that other engagement devices and methods may be used to engage or connect the tray 1180 into the respective retention unit 1040, such as mechanical fasteners, interference fits, or integrally formed cooperative locking features, among other devices and processes known to those skilled in the art.

In the preferred example of the tray 1180, adjacent tray peripheral edges 1186 and/or sides 1188 are in abutting contact with one another when the respective tray is engaged with the respective retention unit 1040. In alternative examples, small gaps (gaps) or gaps (clearages) may exist between the edge 1186 or the side 1188, provided the gap is not large enough for backfill material to easily pass through the gap region 1174. The use of the tray lock 206 helps manage and control such gaps. Other means, such as shims (not shown) may be used to close off such gaps, preventing backfill material from passing through the tray joints or gaps therebetween.

As best shown in fig. 23 and 24, in one preferred example, each tray 1180 is a thin-walled structure having an open bottom between the corners and the inner legs. Together with the underside of the top surface 1184, a tray lumen 1198 is defined which may also serve as an available void space for temporary storage and management of rainwater runoff in the event that excess runoff in the foundation pit 1016 exceeds the height of the modular units 1040.

Referring to fig. 17 and 24, in one preferred example of the system 1010, a sufficient number of retaining units 1040 are used to substantially cover the surface area or space 1022 of the foundation pit 1016. In a preferred example, a plurality of trays 1180 are used and engage each retention unit 1080. Referring to fig. 22, on the outer row of retention cells adjacent to the pit wall 1024, the tray 1180 is preferably cut or trimmed so that the edge of the facing tray is close to the wall to prevent backfill material from easily passing between the trimmed edge of the tray and the pit wall 1024.

As best shown in fig. 24, in a preferred example, each tray 1180 includes a plurality of channels 1200. These channel structures 1200 provide increased rigidity and also serve to channel water collected in or on the tray 1180 under the influence of gravity. Drains through slits or holes may be positioned at the bottom of the channel 1200 (not shown) to further direct and drain water that seeps through the soil column or other material located above the tray. Additional features 1202 may be integrally molded or formed in the tray 1180, which may facilitate strength and rigidity, or aid in the manufacture of the tray. Other channels, configurations or geometric arrangements as well as different numbers, shapes and sizes may be used for these tray features to accommodate particular specifications and/or installation environments known to those skilled in the art.

In an alternative example not shown, the use of multiple trays 1180 may serve as a support surface under multiple retention units 1040. For example, the bottom of the foundation pit 1016 may be unstable or unsuitable for supporting the retention units 1040, and the plurality of trays 1180 may be used as a floor or support surface for resting the retention units 1040.

The tray 1180 is preferably square shaped to accommodate the geometry and grooves in the unit 1040. The trays 1180 may be made of the same material as the modular units 100/1040 so that they are easily lifted, carried, manipulated, and installed by a person. Other materials, sizes, shapes, and configurations of tray 1180 may be used to accommodate a particular unit 100/1040 or application and performance specifications known to those skilled in the art. It should also be understood that tray 1180 may span and engage more or less of the retention units 1040, or not span both retention units 1040, and be singular with each retention unit to suit a particular application and performance specification.

Referring to fig. 24 and 25, an exemplary tray lock 1206 including a locking key 1220 is shown to removably interconnect adjacent trays 1180, which further stabilizes the position and orientation of the plurality of modular units 1040 positioned below and engaged with the trays. As best shown in fig. 24, in this example, the peripheral edge of each tray 1180 includes a locking groove 210, the locking groove 210 having a larger head 1216, a narrower neck, and a support surface 1214.

In the exemplary tray lock 1206, a locking key 1220 is used to interconnect adjacent trays 1180 to one another. The exemplary key includes a wide portion 1224 and a narrow portion 1230. As generally shown in fig. 25, the size and configuration of the wide 1224 and narrow 1230 portions are adapted to fit within the respective head 1216 and neck 1218 portions of the locking groove 1210, respectively. As generally shown, the key 1220 is supported by the support surface 1214. In a preferred configuration, once installed, the keys 1220 provide resistance from adjacent pallets and the units 1040 engage therewith, separate or rotate relative to each other, and are able to withstand substantial weight from the materials 340, 344, 350 and other backfill materials and loads placed on the roadway 350 from above. Locking key 1220 may be made of the same material as cell 100/1040, and other polymers, elastomers, and/or composite materials known to those skilled in the art, as well as ferrous and non-ferrous metals, may be used. Other means and mechanisms of connecting adjacent cover trays 1180 to each other to unit 1040 and/or stabilizing adjacent trays and units 1040 may be used, such as mechanical fasteners, brackets, clips, gussets, and adhesives known to those skilled in the art.

As best shown in fig. 23 and 24, once the desired units 1040 and trays 1180 are installed, the plate 1180 forms a substantially continuous surface, or at least one surface, that prevents large amounts of dirt, gravel, small stones, and other materials (including 340 and 344) from readily entering the interstitial volume 1174 through the seams or small gaps between the peripheral sides 188 of adjacent trays 1180, thereby filling the interstitial space 1018 that would otherwise be available for collecting and retaining additional rain water that is outside of the internal chamber 1106 provided by the retention unit 1040.

A significant advantage of the structure, geometry, size, shape, orientation and connection of modular retaining unit 1040 and tray 1180 is that porous materials (e.g., crushed stone), using system 1010, do not require or substantially reduce existing systems placed around water retaining structures and supporting the weight of backfill materials. The retention system 1010 is substantially free-standing/self-supporting, which is achieved at least in part by the structure, configuration, connection between the modular unit 1040 and the tray 1180.

Eliminating or significantly reducing the porous material (e.g., stones) that must surround the water retention structure 1040/1180 includes a significant increase in the available void space 1018 of the foundation pit 1016 of the same volume relative to prior retention systems. In the present system 1010, it is now possible to fill with additional storm water run-off or other retained fluids or materials, surrounding the volume consumed by the existing rocks of the retaining structure. Increasing the efficiency or available void space per unit volume of excavation can reduce the size of excavation required, which reduces the size and cost of the retention system required. The elimination of a large amount of porous material, typically crushed stone, is also highly advantageous from the cost and labor standpoint discussed above.

Purchasing stones, transporting them to the pit site 1016 and installing them around the water retention structures used in the pit is expensive and laborious. Due to the density and hardness of the stones, heavy equipment is required to transport, manage and install the stones at the installation site. Eliminating or significantly reducing the use of porous materials such as stones around retention systems has been difficult and has the significant drawbacks described above. Other advantages known to those skilled in the art are also observed.

The present system 1010 retains the unit 1040 and tray 1180 in a size and configuration for manipulation, installation and connection by a human hand, requiring little, if any, power tools or heavy equipment. Once installed, excavated or other backfill material may simply be installed on the tray 1180 to a desired level and grade for installation of the roadway 350 or other covering.

The modular retention system 1010 further provides a significant improvement in the flexibility of retention system design, such as the shape of the system 1010 described above. The particular configuration of the interconnected units may accommodate difficult or irregular worksites, such as in fig. 10. Referring to fig. 25, an example of a two-tier or tier reservation system 1010 is shown. In this example, a second layer of interconnected retention cells 1040 and a cover plate 1180 are positioned below or at a level of cells 1010, and on top of cover plate 1180, as generally shown. Materials 340, 344 and 350 may be used on top of the uppermost layer of the cell and the cover plate. This capability provides greater flexibility when large runoff retention capacity is desired, but only a small amount of space is available for the excavation 1016.

In one example of a modular system 1010, a closure panel 250 as described above and shown in fig. 7, 8, 10, and 11 may be used to cover or close a first opening 1110, a second opening 1112, a third opening 1114, and/or a fourth opening 1116 of a selected modular unit 1010 so that water does not exit through the openings. Other closure mechanisms known to those skilled in the art may be used. The closure panel 250 may have other features, such as an overflow (not shown) that may allow water to exit the retention chamber 1106 when, for example, due to the water reaching a certain fill level within the modular unit or chamber. A bottom plate (not shown) as described above may also be used to enclose or substantially enclose the portions of the cells 1040 between the lowermost portions of the legs 1070. Other features of the closure panel 250 known to those skilled in the art may be incorporated.

FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an exemplary piping structure 400 that may be used to lay utility lines 420. The exemplary duct structure includes a plurality of duct units 100 connected together to define an enclosed interior volume defined by the hollow chamber 138 and the first channel 146 (or 148). In the illustrated example, which is suitable for use in multi-story commercial building flooring, the piping unit 100 is encased in concrete 440. In an exemplary installation method, a first layer of concrete 430 may be poured and may be at least partially cured. The dome structure 400 is then assembled atop the at least partially cured first layer or sub-floor by connecting a plurality of modular units 100 as described herein. A second layer of concrete 440 is then poured over and around the conduit structure 400 to permanently encase it while substantially or completely preventing the concrete from entering the hollow interior chamber 138, thereby providing one or more passageways 146/148 through which the utility lines 420 may be laid. Depending on the application and size of the unit, the tunnel may further provide a crawling space for subscriber lines, cables, or other structures that are not easily removable. It should be understood that materials other than concrete may be used to surround or encase the conduit unit, depending on the application and performance specifications.

Referring to fig. 13, an example of a catheter unit dock connector 460 is shown. In this example, the base connector 460 includes a body 464, the body 464 defining four slots 468 as generally shown. In a preferred example, the base connector 460 is square, with slots 468 formed at the corners and extending through the thickness of the body.

As best shown in fig. 14, an example of the use of a dock connector 460 is shown to help orient and connect four adjacent piping units 100 together. In this example, the base connector may be mounted between adjacent legs 120 of the four units such that the upstanding plate members 126 atop the foot pads 124 engage the respective slots 468 of each leg 120. In a preferred example, the frictional engagement between the dock connector 460 and the plate member 126 is sufficient to provide the additional stability and orientation required of the adjacent piping unit during installation, e.g., installation of backfill material around the unit structure as generally described herein. It should be understood that other structures and engagements with the catheter unit 100 may be used to provide increased stability or orientation, as known to those skilled in the art.

Referring to fig. 15, an exemplary process of forming a modular piping unit 500 is shown. In exemplary step 510, first modular piping unit 200 has four sides 101 and 104, four respective openings 141 and 144 along respective axes 128 and 129, and an interior hollow chamber 128, which is placed on a support surface. The support surface may be a hard, permanent surface, such as concrete, porous, or other material as described herein.

In exemplary step 520, a second modular conduit unit 210 having the same or substantially the same structure as the first conduit unit 200 is oriented along one of the respective axes 128 or 129 to align one of the respective openings 141-144 with a respective one of the openings 141-144 of the first modular conduit unit.

In optional step 525, a first or second connector portion on the first catheter unit 200 is aligned with a coordinating second or first connector portion of the second catheter unit 210.

In step 530, the first conduit unit 200 and the second conduit unit 210 are joined together to define the first channel 146 along the first chamber axis 128 (or the second channel 148 along the axis 129).

In an alternative step 535, third modular piping unit 290 is connected to first modular unit 200 (or second modular unit 210) which defines second passageway 148 along second chamber axis 129 (or first passageway 148 along axis 128).

In exemplary step 540, the method steps of connecting additional modular piping units 100 along one or both of first chamber axis 128 and second chamber axis 129 are repeated to define additional first and second passages 146, 148 for a desired application or space environment at a work site.

In an alternative method step, not shown, one or more closure panels 250 are selectively connected to the respective conduit unit openings 141 and 144 on one or more of the first conduit unit 200 and the second conduit unit 210 to close or terminate the openings or first channel 146 and/or second channel 148.

In an alternative step, not shown, one or more utility lines or cables are routed through one or both of first and second channels 146, 148 defined by a plurality of connected modular piping units 100 and/or 200, 201.

In an alternative method step, not shown, once a designed number of modular piping units are connected in the designed position and configuration and mounted on a support surface, material is deposited around and on top of the connected modular piping units to encase at least a portion of the connected conduit structure. In an alternative step of installing the closure panel 250, not shown, the closure panel 250 is installed over all or substantially all of the exterior facing openings 141 and 144 of the structure to form a fluid retaining reservoir or enclosure, such as rain water retention and management.

In an alternative method step, not shown, the desired number and configuration of connections of first modular piping unit 200 and second modular piping unit 210 are encased in concrete in the respective floors or walls of a single or multi-story commercial building.

Referring to fig. 27, an example of a process for constructing and using a modular stormwater retention system 1280 is shown. In an exemplary process, the steps of using the modular retention units for a groundwater level stormwater retention system in steps 510, 520, 530, 540 and optional steps 525 and 535 described above in fig. 15 may be used in an alternative modular water retention management apparatus described above (and not repeated as shown in fig. 16-26).

Referring to fig. 27, in step 1282, a plurality of modular retention units are preferably positioned in a subterranean horizontal excavation defining a void space. In exemplary step 1284, a plurality of individual modular retention units 1040 are connected to one another in the manner described in fig. 15 and elsewhere herein. In optional step 1285, the number, positioning, and connection of each modular unit 1040 is performed in a manner that conforms to the shape and orientation of the excavation. Due to the modular retention units and structures, such as the preferred first 1110, second 1112, third 1114, and fourth 1116 openings, the system 1010 is particularly flexible to accommodate irregular pit spaces and areas above existing installations. See the example of fig. 10.

In optional step 1290, closure panels 250 can be selectively installed to enclose one or more outward side openings or other selected sides of the modular units to provide containment of water or other materials or substances that are collected and retained within the collective retention chambers 1106 formed by the respective chambers of the respective modular units 1040.

Still referring to fig. 27, exemplary step 1294 includes installing one or more, and preferably a plurality of, modular trays 1180, preferably on top and spanning adjacent modular retention units 1040 (as described above and shown in fig. 23 and 24). In the case of constructing a large retention structure 1010, multiple trays 1180 will be employed to substantially cover the area space through the multiple modular units 1040 described and illustrated. As best shown in fig. 23, the tray 1180 may extend beyond the top of the retention unit to further cover the area and void space (under the tray outward of the exterior of the retention unit to the foundation pit wall). In one method step, not shown, the tray 1180 may be cut or trimmed as needed so that the tray extends to the walls or boundaries of the excavation to maximize the coverage of the tray so that backfill material does not fall under the tray 1180 and into the excavation void spaces or interstitial volume spaces 1174 between connected retention cells 1040.

In an exemplary optional step 1296, one or more locking keys 1220 are installed in the locking slots 1210 to interconnect adjacent trays 1180 to secure and/or further stabilize and prevent relative movement of the modular units 1040 and trays 1180 with respect to each other and the foundation pit 1016.

In an exemplary step, not shown, the configuration of the modular units 1040 and tray 1180 are configured to be fluidly connected to the downcomer 1030 or other drainage structure of the storm drain such that rainwater runoff collected by the drain 1026 is gravitationally diverted into the retention device 1010, which retention device 1010 is used to retain and gradually distribute and absorb water into the surrounding environment. As known to those skilled in the art, a head retention structure (not shown), which may be made of the units 1040 and tray 1180, may be used to be positioned between the downcomer 1030 and the primary retention structure 1010. Additional conduits, not shown, fluidly connect the header row to the primary retention structure 1010. The tubes extending from the header row may include a tube inlet elbow arrangement, a dual tube configuration for overflow and debris management, and a sediment management arrangement disclosed in U.S. patent publication No. us2013/0008841a1, owned by the present applicant and incorporated herein by reference.

In an exemplary optional step 198, material herein generally referred to as backfill material (e.g., may include 344 and/or soil or other material) is installed on top of the cover 1180 to backfill the pit to ground level 1020 or other desired height, e.g., so that a blanket may be installed on top of the backfilled pit 1016. In a preferred example, little or no backfill material 330 or 344 is installed or backfilled in or around the construction system 1010 below the tray 1180. For example, in the preferred apparatus and method, the tray prevents or substantially prevents a quantity of porous or backfill material from passing beneath the tray 1180 or down through the tray 1180 to the bottom of the excavation or into the interstitial volume space 1174 between the attached retention unit 1040 or retention unit and the excavation wall 1024.

This highly advantageous structure 1010 and method 1080 greatly reduces or eliminates the need for porous materials that must be installed around and between the rain retaining structures required by existing devices. The apparatus and method further allow interstitial spaces/volumes 1174 between retention cells and the foundation pit wall 1024 to be used as void spaces for additional rain water outside of the internal chamber volume 1106 to collect additional rain water to maximize the void space of the retention system 1010 in the foundation pit 1016.

The structure and design of modular retention unit 1040 and tray 1180 described by apparatus 1010 and process 1280 results in a system that is free-standing, self-supporting, requires no or significantly less porous material (e.g., stones) in the void space than previous/conventional subterranean retention systems. The example apparatus 1010 and process 1280 are capable of supporting normal backfill material and paving 340, 344, and 350 atop the installed tray 1180 to fill and lay the excavation while maintaining a fully functional stormwater runoff collection and retention system (as compared to previous apparatuses and processes) with high performance and long life.

While the description herein refers to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, which scope is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures as is permitted under the law.

Claims (16)

1. A modular stormwater retention system (1010) for constructing an underground stormwater retention structure, the stormwater retention system comprising:

a plurality of modular retention units (1040), each retention unit comprising:

a bottom (1056) defining at least a first opening (1110) and a second opening (1112);

a top portion (1060) connected to the bottom portion, the top portion having a substantially horizontal support surface (1130), the top portion and the bottom portion defining an internal water retention chamber volume (1106) below the top portion, the internal water retention chamber volume communicating with a first opening and a second opening, a first pass-through channel (1124) being defined between the first opening and the second opening;

each modular retention unit has a connector portion (151, 152, 161, 162), the connector portion (151, 152, 161, 162) to be connected to a connector portion of an adjacent modular retention unit to extend a first pass-through channel between connected modular retention units and define an enclosed increased internal volume; and

a plurality of modular trays (1180) positioned above the tops of the retention units and selectively engageable with the top substantially horizontal support surface, each modular tray having a peripheral side (1188) and a top surface (1184), the modular trays positioned adjacent to each other with one peripheral side adjacent to the peripheral side of an adjacent modular tray, each modular tray top surface extending between two adjacent retention units and supported by a corresponding retention unit substantially horizontal surface, the corresponding modular tray substantially covering an interstitial volume space (1174) between retention units below the tray preventing backfill material from entering the interstitial volume space.

2. The retention system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of trays further comprises:

a modular keyway (1210) defined by a peripheral side of each modular tray; and

a plurality of locking keys (1220) selectively positionable in corresponding keyways in adjacent trays to selectively connect adjacent trays.

3. The retention system of claim 1, wherein each modular retention unit horizontal support surface defines a plurality of grooves (1136, 1160), each groove of the plurality of grooves having a lower support surface (1150, 1170).

4. The retention system of claim 3, wherein each modular tray further includes a plurality of legs (1190, 1196) extending below the top surface, each of the legs of the plurality of trays abuttingly engaging one of the plurality of retention unit lower support surfaces through a respective groove, thereby preventing relative movement of the engaged retention units with respect to each other.

5. The retention system of claim 4, wherein the legs of the plurality of trays further include corner legs (1190), each corner leg extending from a corner of the tray, and an inner leg (1196) extending from the peripheral side between the corner legs.

6. The retention system of claim 5, wherein the plurality of grooves in each modular retention unit further comprises:

a central groove (1136) having a first channel (1140) and a second channel (1148) transverse to the first channel; and

four outer grooves located radially outward from the central groove and equiangularly to each other, respective tray corner legs being located in respective central grooves of adjacent retaining units and tray inner legs being located in respective outer grooves of adjacent retaining units to automatically orient and align the trays relative to the retaining units and adjacent trays.

7. The retention system of claim 1, wherein:

the base includes four legs defining a first side (1046), a second side (1048), a third side (1050), and a fourth side (1052) orthogonally positioned relative to one another; and is

The first and second openings further include third (1114) and fourth (1116) openings, each of the first, second, third, and fourth openings defined by a respective one of the first, second, third, and fourth sides, two of the first, second, third, and fourth openings positioned along a first chamber axis (1088) defining a first through-passage, and the other two of the first, second, third, and fourth openings positioned along a second chamber axis (1084) defining a second through-passage (1120).

8. The retention system of claim 7, wherein each of the first, second, third, and fourth sides includes an arcuate member (1090) defining respective first, second, third, and fourth openings.

9. A method of constructing a stormwater retention system (1280) for an underground horizontal excavation (1016) defining a void space volume (1018), the method comprising the steps of:

(1282) positioning a plurality of independent modular retention units (1040) having support surfaces (1130) in an excavation void space volume;

(1284) selectively positioning a plurality of retention cells in a void space volume defining an inner fluid chamber volume (1106);

connecting adjacently positioned modular retention units by connector portions (151, 152, 161, 162) of each modular retention unit to extend a first pass-through channel between the connected modular retention units and define an enclosed increased interior volume, the positioned retention units defining interstitial volume spaces (1174) between positioned retention units within the void space; and

(1294) a plurality of modular trays (1180) are positioned to engage respective support surfaces of the plurality of retention units, each modular tray incorporating two adjacently positioned retention units to cover one of the interstitial volume spaces between the two adjacently positioned retention units, the trays supporting backfill material on a top surface of the trays without allowing substantial backfill material to enter the interstitial volume spaces and preventing relative movement of the two engaged retention units.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of interconnecting trays positioned adjacent to each other to prevent relative movement of the interconnected trays (1296).

11. The method as recited in claim 9, further comprising a step (1290) of selectively connecting a closure panel (250) to an opening defined by a retention cell to enclose an internal fluid chamber volume.

12. The retention system of claim 1, wherein the connector portion further comprises:

one of the projection (154) and the channel (164), the projection (154) and the channel (164) being adapted to connect to an adjacent modular retention unit having a complementary other channel (164) or projection (154) to extend the first pass-through channel between the connected retention units and increase the internal chamber volume.

13. The retention system of claim 1 or 12, wherein each of the plurality of modular trays further comprises:

a plurality of legs (1190, 1196) engageable with a substantially horizontal support surface of each respective one of two adjacent retention units.

14. The retention system of claim 13, further comprising a plurality of closure panels (250) to selectively connect to a respective plurality of retention cells to enclose the retention chamber volume.

15. The retention system of claim 1 or 12, wherein each of the plurality of trays extends between four adjacent retention units and is supported by a respective retention unit substantially horizontal support surface.

16. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of the modular tray engaging adjacently positioned retention units further comprises:

each modular tray is positioned to engage four adjacent connected retention units to cover one of the interstitial volume spaces between the four connected retention units to prevent backfill material from entering the interstitial volume spaces and relative movement of the four engaged retention units.

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