CN109562288B - 用于以恒定的移动速度执行体育锻炼的系统 - Google Patents

用于以恒定的移动速度执行体育锻炼的系统 Download PDF

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CN109562288B
CN109562288B CN201780038256.3A CN201780038256A CN109562288B CN 109562288 B CN109562288 B CN 109562288B CN 201780038256 A CN201780038256 A CN 201780038256A CN 109562288 B CN109562288 B CN 109562288B
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卡洛斯·阿尔贝托·莱奥波尔多达卡马拉菲柳
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Ka LuosiAerbeituoLaiaoboerduodakamalafeiliu
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Abstract

本发明应用于体操运动装备、增肌和强肌装置领域中。本发明描述了一种用在体操运动装备中的系统，优选用于在不使用配重的情况下进行增肌锻炼，其中该系统基于运动的速度，与所施加的力无关。

Description

用于以恒定的移动速度执行体育锻炼的系统
技术领域
本发明应用于锻炼装置以及健美和肌肉塑造装置的领域。
本发明描述了一种应用在锻炼装置中的系统，优选用于在不使用配重的情况下进行健美活动，其中该系统基于运动的速度，与所施加的力无关。
背景技术
健美的历史是非常古老的。存在的历史报告可追溯到时间的开始，这些报告证实了使用配重进行锻炼的做法。挖掘已经发现了具有用于手的凹口的石头，从而允许历史学家推断出人们采用配重进行训练。已发现的雕塑追溯到公元前400年，展现了女性的和谐形状，表明了当时对美学的关注。存在的报道有追溯到公元前1896年的投掷石头游戏以及埃及的墓葬墙，展示了4500年前进行举重锻炼的男子。
从十九世纪末开始，历史表明，“健美”和“举重”成为马戏团和剧院中吸引人的项目，“世界上最强壮的人”在那里进行表演。从历史上看，健美被呈现为世界上最古老的体格活动之一，这是因为有追溯到时间开始的历史记录确认采用配重进行锻炼。
作为一种比赛形式，展示肌肉的健美于1901年在伦敦举行了首次正式比赛。
健美或力量训练是众所周知的，是一种阻力锻炼的方法，旨在训练和发展骨骼肌肉。现有技术中已知的是这种类型的锻炼利用重力(采用诸如杆、哑铃、重物或身体重量的配重)和由装置、松紧带和弹簧产生的阻力来对抗肌肉力，反过来，通过肌肉收缩产生相反的力，力可以是同心的、偏心的或者等长的。
本领域的状态
巴西文献BR 10 2012 011320 1描述了一种用于健美装置的系统，其中在没有使用者的任何努力的情况下执行装备的初始运动，并且当到达它的路径的确定位置时，系统开始自动地在相反的方向上施加力。在该文献中描述的运动的第一部分即同心运动在没有任何负荷的情况下进行，并且仅仅旨在对用于锻炼开始的杆/踏板进行定位，这是利用先前由使用者选择的配重偏心地完成的。该文献没有描述如何将重物输送到该状况以便随后返回到使用者执行偏心力运动的静止位置，这与本发明不同。
中国文献CN 104138652A描述了一种利用磁力用作配重源的装置。因为采用的机构(磁力)用作配重并且阻力是预先确定的，因此该文献与本发明不同。
中国文献CN 203539973 U描述了用于健美设备的配重块。这与不使用配重用于进行锻炼的本发明不同。
发明内容
本发明描述了一种在不使用配重的情况下进行锻炼的系统。
所述系统基于运动的速度，与所施加的力无关，从而打破了在速度和力之间的传统关系。
这里描述的系统代表了与本领域的状态中描述的传统系统相关的模式转变，其重量负荷(以及因此所采用的力)在系统中预先被调节。
附图说明
通过对下列附图的简要描述能够更好地理解本发明：
图1表示用于在不使用配重的情况下进行锻炼的系统的操作。
图2-细节A-表示插入已知的锻炼装置中的系统。
图3-细节A-表示插入已知的锻炼装置中的系统的放大和演示。
图4表示被附接到墙壁的用于进行锻炼的系统的投影的后视图。
图5表示被附接到墙壁的用于进行锻炼的系统的投影的前视图。
具体实施方式
本发明描述了一种用于在不使用配重的情况下进行锻炼的系统1。用于在不使用配重的情况下进行锻炼的该系统1包括微处理器2，该微处理器2基于由使用者预先确定的速度和由速度传感器4正在测量的瞬时速度确定制动器5的操作，并且该微处理器2也从速度传感器4、从测力计9且从速度选择器11接收信息，该微处理器2利用滑轮3进行操作。当由速度传感器4不断地测量在由速度选择器11调节之后的速度时，发生该操作，速度选择器11可以例如是键盘、模拟电位器、+和-按钮，即规定意图速度的任何类型的选择器，该传感器4将信息转发给微处理器2。这又控制滑轮3或3'的制动器5，从而寻求保持先前由速度选择器11规定的恒定旋转速度，并且控制包含安装的测力计9的钢缆8、负荷传感器，该负荷传感器提供关于所施加的力的信息，该信息被转换并显示在数字面板7上。该钢缆8被附接到滑轮3并被连接至支撑杆6，该支撑杆6对数字面板7上显示的所采用的力进行转换，其中需要最小的力来克服弹簧10的阻力。
用于在不使用配重的情况下进行锻炼的系统1由微处理器2控制，该微处理器2从速度传感器4并且从测力计9接收信息，并确定所需的调整，以根据使用者作出的调整来限制运动的速度，从而通过滑轮3进行操作，该滑轮3的直径是20cm至60cm，并且具有90cm至250cm的缆。这些措施可以取决于设备的类型而改变。
当由速度传感器4不断地测量在由使用者调节之后的速度时，发生滑轮3的操作。有若干种类型的速度传感器4，模拟的和数字的。可以用在本发明中的传感器的示例是能够将RPM报告给微处理器2的光学传感器。为了便于在本发明中使用，使用者可以具有10种调整可能性，例如从非常慢的运动到非常快的运动。
该速度传感器4将信息转发给微处理器2，微处理器2又控制滑轮3或3'的制动器5，以便保持旋转速度恒定。
一旦在系统1中调节了运动的速度，无论进行锻炼的人采用了什么样的力，都将保持这种速度。力限制与制动器5的容量有关。在本发明中，力优选被限制到高达300kg，这比已知的装备中的力要多。优选地，通过制动器5的尺寸标注，力应当被限制到高达400kg，并且更优选高达500kg，诸如例如放置更多的电磁体和/或更多的制动元件，以便允许速度的完美控制。因此，无论是儿童还是举重运动员施加的力都不改变系统1的支撑杆6的运动速度。
系统1的支撑杆6能够被用于锻炼身体的任何部分，优选手臂或腿。然而并不局限于这些，并且系统1可用在不同的锻炼中。
在本发明的系统1的支撑杆6上采用的力被转换成千克、磅或者国际单位制(SI)中可用的任何其它的重量量度。力被连续地显示在优选由LCD屏幕组成的数字面板7上。它也可以是数字的触摸屏面板，或者模拟的或类似的触摸屏面板。它包含由微处理器2提供的信息诸如例如速度和重量调整，使得使用者能够随意调节所采用的力并因此调节他的锻炼的重量负荷。
本发明允许在锻炼期间随意对负荷进行编程甚至由使用者改变负荷。这是因为：由于系统1不使用重量/配重，它仅使用对使用者的运动的速度的控制，其中在锻炼中所采用的力仅取决于个人的意愿/能力。
因此，使用者是决定在锻炼中将要采用的力量的人。
此外，使用者能够观察在数字面板7上显示的“提升”的kg等同量的信息。这通过简单地确定在支撑杆6上采用的力来增加和减少，该力是由测力计9测量的。因此，“负荷”仅与使用者的体格状况相关，使用者完全能够随意增大或减小力。
因此，尽管在传统的系统中，使用者事先调节重量并且确定在锻炼的执行期间锻炼的速度，但在本发明中，使用者事先建立速度并随意地使用/改变力。
这里描述的制动器5可以是盘、电磁的、鼓或电动液压制动器，但它不限于这些。本发明的实施例的一个例子是使用电磁制动器，其中有一个被附接到滑轮的盘和两个紧密的电磁体，当这电磁体被激活时制动系统1(傅科效应)。
诸如例如电磁制动器的制动器5具有根据电压的强度而变化的负荷。系统1的操作的另一个例子是由步进马达促动的盘制动器的动作，制动器可以是鼓制动器或类似物。
这里描述的整个系统1由充当接口的微处理器2控制。
在接收到与速度有关的信息之后，微处理器2控制制动器5的使用，以便保持由使用者预先确定的恒定速度。
这里描述的微处理器2相当于计算机，只是它非常小并且仅专用于该任务。微处理器2从速度传感器4接收信息，处理信息(基于由使用者作出的速度确定)，并且确定系统1的构件的动作。
微处理器2也完全能够以最小的运动控制步进马达，这确保了在制动器5由微处理器操作的情况下在运动的速度的控制中的高精度。
这里描述的系统1由计算机程序-软件12组成，该软件12基于从速度传感器4和从测力计9且从速度选择器11接收的信息来确定制动器5的操作，该制动器5能够动作，从而释放滑轮3(旋转到低于编程的位置)或相反。
仅需要最小的力来克服用于将系统1带入初始状况的弹簧10的阻力，这被认为是可忽略的。最大的力与系统1的制动器容量直接相关。如前所述，系统能够被建立用于高达500kg的最大负荷，这仅取决于制动器5。
重要的是观察到：在本发明的优选实施例中，使用由步进马达驱动的盘制动器，系统1的容量要大得多。
此外，被附接到滑轮3的钢缆8与用于锻炼的支撑杆6连接。该钢缆8是3mm至10mm厚。然而，直径根据本文所述系统1的容量而变化。在采用的力是500kg的情况下，钢缆8必须具有较大的直径。
安装在钢缆8上的也称为负荷传感器的测力计9提供有关所施加的力的信息，该信息优选被转换成千克，并被显示在数字面板7上。测力计9需要保证系统1的安全性。如果没有使用力，则系统1会解释没有实施锻炼，并且系统中断马达的操作并将一切都返回到原始位置。
在锻炼结束时，滑轮3由于弹簧10而返回到原始位置。
弹簧10仅用于使系统1返回至初始位置。它被定尺寸成只执行该任务，以便在锻炼期间尽可能少干涉。考虑到滑轮3能够给出多于一个完整转弯，本发明中的一类弹簧10的一个例子是螺旋弹簧。除了螺旋弹簧之外，所使用的弹簧10的例子是盘旋或螺旋弹簧、普通弹簧或与电动马达结合使用的弹簧。弹簧10的尺寸与滑轮3的尺寸成比例，并且它被放置在制动器5的相反侧上。弹簧10被直接附接在滑轮3的中心轴线的上方。弹簧10具有使系统1返回到初始位置的功能，使得系统能够再次被使用。
因为这是一个使用了微处理器2的系统1，所以预见到所述系统1与其它的数字系统例如计算机、平板电脑和智能手机等的集成。
这里描述的系统1相对较小，基本上取决于滑轮3的尺寸。该系统1可以要么联接到已经存在的配重系统-图2和图3例如专业的或家用的健美站，要么插入到仅为它设计的开发装备中，该开发装备中有更大的集成和设计，例如与智能手机、平板电脑交互，使用编码卡(例如，地铁卡)、生物识别(面部的或数字的)和触摸屏等。正是因为它小而轻，所以本文所述的系统1能够被直接附接到墙壁上-图4和5-使得能够自由地使用钢缆8，离开点在下方或上方。能够看出，由于弹簧10的缘故，整个系统1总是以有组织的方式储存。因此，得出结论，整个系统1可以位于壳体内-图4和图5-因为包括速度选择器11和数字面板7的所有部件能够彼此靠近安装-或者仅将数字面板7放置在别处。此外，在本发明的一个实施例中，能够移除数字面板7以减小系统成本，由此速度选择器11能够被放置在壳体本身中，处于单个单元中。
速度选择器11的优选示例是以下选择器：数字的或模拟的，具有键盘、电位计、按钮和速度控制的那些选择器，能够由遥控器、智能电话和类似的设备远程地激活。
因此，该壳体能够被固定到墙壁或任何其它底座上，处于使用者想要的任何高度-图4和图5。为了更方便，壳体也可以在钢缆8的离开点处提供一个额外的滑轮3，以便水平引导它。以这种方式，它是装配到一个壳体中的系统1，从而使得它成为一个实用且有用的系统1。
最后，本发明的实施例的另一个例子是整个系统1仅作为电动马达的操作，以便基于速度和力的构思保持系统1的基本原理。这样，不需要使用制动器5、速度传感器4和测力计9。为了保证系统1的安全，只需要使用数字面板7和速度选择器11即可。如果没有使用的力，则系统1解释没有实施锻炼，并且系统1中断马达的操作并将一切都返回到原始位置。
本发明描述的系统1也能够基于电动马达进行组装，联接或不联接到变速箱，以便提供高扭矩。在这种情况下，特定的软件负责保持系统1的中心构思，即恒定的运动速度，与使用者所使用的力无关。速度选择器11、测力计9和数字面板7将保持前面描述的所有信息。在这种情况下，除了进行同心运动之外，还有可能简单地通过使马达的旋转反转来执行偏心运动，这与先前描述的机械系统是相同的。
在本说明书中，已经根据本发明的优选实施例公开了本发明。然而，根据当前的说明书，其它实施例和变体是可能的，并且它们也能够被纳入本文公开的本发明的范围中。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于以恒定的移动速度执行体育锻炼的系统(1)，
其中所述系统(1)包括：微处理器(2)；滑轮(3)；速度传感器(4)；制动器(5)；支撑杆(6)；数字面板(7)；钢缆(8)；测力计(9)；弹簧(10)；以及速度选择器(11)，
其中所述钢缆(8)被附接到所述滑轮(3)并且被连接到所述支撑杆(6)，
其中所述测力计(9)被安装在所述钢缆(8)上，并且
其中所述弹簧(10)被附接到所述滑轮(3)，并且为了克服所述弹簧(10)的阻力，必须对所述支撑杆(6)施加最小的力，
其特征在于：
-基于所述系统(1)的使用者的输入，所述速度选择器(11)被构造用以接收用于执行体育锻炼的期望的速度的信息，并且将所述期望的速度信息转发给所述微处理器(2)，
-所述测力计(9)被构造用以不断地测量拉动所述钢缆(8)的力并且将从所述测力计(9)接收到的力信息转发给所述微处理器(2),
-所述速度传感器(4)被构造用以测量所述滑轮(3)的瞬时旋转速度并且将所述瞬时旋转速度信息转发给所述微处理器(2)，
-程序(12)与所述微处理器(2)相关联，其中基于来自所述速度选择器(11)的所接收到的期望的速度信息并且基于所接收到的所述滑轮(3)的瞬时旋转速度信息,所述程序(12)被构造用以控制所述滑轮(3)的制动器(5)，以便保持所述滑轮(3)的恒定的旋转速度，使得通过如下方式使所述支撑杆(6)的移动速度被保持为恒定，而与由使用者施加到所述支撑杆(6)的力无关，
·通过在所述滑轮(3)以低于编程的速度旋转时释放所述滑轮(3)，或
·通过在所述滑轮(3)以高于编程的速度旋转时用力压所述滑轮(3)，
-所述微处理器(2)被进一步构造用以将从所述测力计(9)接收到的所述力信息转发到所述数字面板(7)，其中所述数字面板(7)被构造用以显示由所述使用者施加在所述支撑杆(6)上的力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统(1)，其特征在于所述系统(1)包括第二滑轮(3')。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统(1)，其特征在于所述制动器(5)是盘、电磁鼓或者是电动液压的，并且其具有高达500kg的力容量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统(1)，其特征在于所述弹簧(10)是盘旋的或螺旋的，并且被构造用以将所述系统(1)带回到它的初始状态。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统(1)，其特征在于所述速度选择器(11)是数字的、模拟的、键盘、电位计、按钮、触摸屏显示器，或者是远程激活装置。
6.一种用于以恒定的移动速度执行体育锻炼的系统(1)，
其中所述系统(1)包括：微处理器(2)；滑轮(3)；电动马达；支撑杆(6)；数字面板(7)；钢缆(8)；和速度选择器(11)；
其中所述钢缆(8)被附接到所述滑轮(3)并且被连接到所述支撑杆(6)，
其特征在于：
-基于所述系统(1)的使用者的输入，所述速度选择器(11)被构造用以接收用于执行体育锻炼的期望的速度的信息，并且将所述期望的速度信息转发给所述微处理器(2)，
-程序(12)与所述微处理器(2)相关联，其中基于来自所述速度选择器(11)的所接收到的期望的速度信息，所述程序(12)被构造用以控制所述滑轮(3)上的所述电动马达的促动，以便保持所述滑轮(3)的恒定的旋转速度，使得所述支撑杆(6)的移动速度被保持为恒定，而与由使用者施加到所述支撑杆(6)的力无关，
-所述电动马达还被构造用以将由所述使用者施加在所述支撑杆(6)上的力信息转发给所述微处理器(2)，
-所述微处理器(2)被进一步构造用以将所述力信息转发到所述数字面板(7)，其中所述数字面板(7)被构造用以显示由所述使用者施加在所述支撑杆(6)上的力。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统(1)，其特征在于所述系统(1)包括第二滑轮(3')。
8.根据权利要求6所述的系统(1)，其特征在于所述速度选择器(11)是数字的、模拟的、键盘、电位计、按钮、触摸屏显示器，或者是远程激活装置。
9.根据权利要求6所述的系统(1)，其特征在于所述电动马达被连接到减速箱以便提高扭矩。
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