CN109560273B - Zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109560273B
CN109560273B CN201811388080.7A CN201811388080A CN109560273B CN 109560273 B CN109560273 B CN 109560273B CN 201811388080 A CN201811388080 A CN 201811388080A CN 109560273 B CN109560273 B CN 109560273B
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milk
zinc
zinc manganate
composite material
manganate
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CN109560273A (en
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柳红东
林烨
伏春平
胡荣
阮海波
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Dragon Totem Technology Hefei Co ltd
Hefei Longzhiyun Pharmaceutical Technology Co ltd
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Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material consists of 75-80% of zinc manganate and 20-25% of milk carbon, and the zinc manganate and the milk carbon are in mass percentage; the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material has high purity which can reach 99.3 percent, good appearance, good particle uniformity, uniform integral distribution, large specific surface area and high conductivity; the method can be widely applied to the preparation of zinc manganate/milk carbon functional materials, the agglomeration phenomenon can not occur in the preparation process, the structural stability is good, and the carbon structure collapse can not occur.

Description

Zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to a zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The zinc manganate is a transition metal oxide with a spinel structure, belongs to a tetragonal crystal system, and has stable physical and chemical properties, low price and environmental friendliness. Meanwhile, the nanometer silicon dioxide is an important inorganic functional semiconductor material, and has important research value and application prospect in the fields of biomedicine, gas sensitive elements, catalysts, solar cells, fuel cells, information materials and the like. The carbon material has the advantages of low price, no pollution, good conductivity, stable physical and chemical properties and the like. The zinc manganate and the carbon material can improve the conductivity, stability, electrochemical capacity and the like of the material, and can enhance the performance of the material as an electrode material of a lithium ion battery, a super capacitor and the like. Graphene, as a carbon material, is complex in preparation method and not easy to prepare.
In the existing preparation method of zinc manganate and graphene composite material, as disclosed in the patent of 'a preparation method of zinc manganate/graphene composite material' of publication No. 104934590a, a graphite oxide aqueous solution, a manganese salt and a zinc salt aqueous solution are uniformly mixed and subjected to hydrothermal reaction to generate the zinc manganate and graphene composite material. The method has the main problems that graphite oxide is required to be synthesized by a Hummers method and prepared into a graphite oxide aqueous solution, and the synthesis process is complicated and the operation is complex.
Biomass carbon refers to a carbon-rich solid substance produced by pyrolysis of carbon-rich biomass under oxygen-free or anoxic conditions. In general, a carbon material can be obtained by calcining a substance containing a relatively large amount of carbon elements in an inert atmosphere such as argon. Currently, biomass carbon sources used by researchers include sugar cane, peanut shells, rice shells, watermelon pulp, egg shells, pollen, milk, banana peels, grass juice, and the like. The biomass carbon sources are ubiquitous in life and low in price, and no precedent for compounding the biomass carbon with the zinc manganate exists at present.
Just at present, the zinc manganate milk carbon composite material is low in purity, agglomeration phenomenon easily occurs in the preparation process, the conductivity and stability of the zinc manganate milk carbon composite material are affected, collapse of a carbon structure is easily caused, the structure is unstable, the morphology is poor, the particle uniformity is poor, the overall distribution is not uniform enough, the specific surface area is small, and the conductivity is not ideal enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material consists of 75-80 wt% of zinc manganate and 20-25 wt% of milk carbon.
Furthermore, the particle size of the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material is 25 nm-35 nm.
A preparation method of a zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material is characterized in that zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material is prepared by taking zinc chloride, potassium permanganate and sodium fluoride as raw materials and water as a solvent, mixing and stirring to form a zinc manganate precursor solution, adding pure milk into the zinc manganate precursor solution, mixing and stirring, hydrothermal synthesis, solid-liquid separation, centrifugal washing, drying and the like to form a zinc manganate/milk carbon precursor, and finally, calcining at a high temperature in one step to obtain the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material.
Further, the mixing and stirring process includes adding zinc chloride, potassium permanganate, sodium fluoride and deionized water into a suitable container, mixing and stirring for 20-30 minutes, adding pure milk under magnetic stirring, wherein the rotating speed of the magnetic stirring is 200-300 r/min, and the stirring time is 15-30 minutes, so that a mixed solution is obtained.
Further, the molar weight ratio of the zinc chloride, the potassium permanganate and the sodium fluoride is 0.6-0.8: 1.2-1.6: 1.2-1.6, wherein the unit is mmol, and the molar volume ratio of the zinc chloride to the deionized water is 0.6-0.8: 60-80, wherein the unit is mmol/ml, and the molar volume ratio of the zinc chloride to the pure milk is 0.6-0.8: 1.5-3, unit is mmol/ml.
Further, the hydrothermal reaction is carried out for 20-24 hours by placing the prepared mixed solution in a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, and setting the temperature to be 180-200 ℃.
Further, the solid-liquid separation and the centrifugal washing are implemented by placing the cooled mixed solution after the hydrothermal reaction in a centrifuge for solid-liquid separation, collecting the precipitate after the solid-liquid separation, adding deionized water into the precipitate for centrifugal washing three times, wherein the mass ratio of the precipitate to the volume of the deionized water is 1: 60-200, after washing, collecting, combining and precipitating, and then centrifugally washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for three times, wherein the mass of the precipitate and the volume of the absolute ethyl alcohol are 1: 60-200, collecting, combining and precipitating for later use; the centrifugal rotating speed is 11000r/min, and the centrifugal time is 3-5 min.
Further, the drying is to take the collected and combined precipitate, place the precipitate in a drying box, and dry the precipitate for 8 to 48 hours at the temperature of 60 to 80 ℃ to prepare the zinc manganate/milk carbon precursor.
Further, the step of high-temperature calcination is to calcine the prepared zinc manganate/milk carbon precursor for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 400-700 ℃ in an air atmosphere, so as to obtain the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material has high purity which can reach 99.3 percent, good appearance, good particle uniformity, uniform integral distribution, large specific surface area and high conductivity; the method can be widely applied to the preparation of zinc manganate/milk carbon functional materials, the agglomeration phenomenon can not occur in the preparation process, the structural stability is good, and the carbon structure collapse can not occur.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an XRD pattern of zinc manganate/milk carbon composite prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a FESEM view of the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a TEM image of a zinc manganate/milk carbon composite prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the cycle profile of the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above-described disclosure.
Example 1
Weighing 0.8mmol of zinc chloride, 1.6mmol of potassium permanganate and 1.6mmol of sodium fluoride, dissolving in 80mL of deionized water, mixing and stirring to form a uniform solution, adding 3mL of pure milk under vigorous magnetic stirring after 30 minutes, and continuing stirring for 30 minutes to prepare a uniformly dispersed mixed solution; then moving the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 24 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃, carrying out centrifugal washing on the cooled mixed solution after the hydrothermal reaction for three times by using deionized water and ethanol respectively, collecting precipitates of each time, placing the precipitates in a drying box, and drying the precipitates for 24 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a zinc manganate/milk carbon precursor; and finally, placing the precursor in a tubular furnace, and calcining for 2 hours at 500 ℃ in an air atmosphere at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material.
Figure 1 is an XRD pattern obtained from the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite prepared in this example, as measured by an XRD diffractometer. As can be seen from the figure, the XRD pattern of the sample prepared by the method is consistent with the peak position of a standard zinc manganate card, and the main characteristic peaks are well matched with the standard diffraction peak, and only one or two miscellaneous peaks exist, so that the product has high purity which can reach 99.3%.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite prepared in this example taken by a field emission scanning electron microscope. As can be seen from the figure, the zinc manganate/milk carbon nanoparticles have uniform size and average diameter of 20-35 nm.
Fig. 3 is a TEM image of the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite prepared in this example taken by a transmission electron microscope. As can be seen from the figure, the milk-derived carbon wraps the zinc manganate nanoparticles, and the particles are good in uniformity, uniform in overall distribution and large in specific surface area.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the cycle profile of the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite prepared in this example as a negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery. As can be seen from the figure, the first discharge specific capacity is 1285mAh/g, the charge specific capacity is 774mAh/g, and the coulombic efficiency is 60.26%; after the circulation is carried out for 100 times, the discharge specific capacity is 658mAh/g, the charge specific capacity is 648mAh/g, and the coulombic efficiency is 98.52%; after 100 times of circulation, the discharge specific capacity is 994mAh/g, the charge specific capacity is 978mAh/g, and the coulombic efficiency is 98.37%. Along with the increase of the cycle times, the charging and discharging specific capacity of the zinc manganate/milk carbon negative electrode material is gradually reduced until about 50 cycles, and the charging and discharging specific capacity begins to stably increase. Therefore, the preparation method improves the conductivity, specific surface area and stability of the composite material, and finally improves the electrochemical performance of the zinc manganate/milk carbon cathode material.
Example 2
Weighing 0.7mmol of zinc chloride, 1.4mmol of potassium permanganate and 1.4mmol of sodium fluoride, dissolving in 70mL of deionized water, mixing and stirring to form a uniform solution, adding 2mL of pure milk under vigorous magnetic stirring after 25 minutes, and continuing stirring for 25 minutes to prepare a uniformly dispersed mixed solution; then moving the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 22 hours at the temperature of 190 ℃, then respectively centrifugally washing the cooled mixed solution after the hydrothermal reaction with deionized water and ethanol for three times, collecting precipitates of each time, placing the precipitates in a drying box, and drying the precipitates for 32 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃ to obtain a zinc manganate/milk carbon precursor; and finally, placing the precursor in a tubular furnace, and calcining for 1h at 600 ℃ in an air atmosphere at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material.
The experiment is carried out according to the experimental method of the embodiment 1, and the experimental result shows that the product has high purity which can reach 99.3%, uniform size, average diameter of 20-35 nm, good particle uniformity, uniform overall distribution and large specific surface area.
Example 3
Weighing 0.6mmol of zinc chloride, 1.2mmol of potassium permanganate and 1.2mmol of sodium fluoride, dissolving in 60mL of deionized water, mixing and stirring to form a uniform solution, adding 1.5mL of pure milk under vigorous magnetic stirring after 20 minutes, and continuously stirring for 15 minutes to prepare a uniformly dispersed mixed solution; then moving the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 20 hours at the temperature of 180 ℃, then respectively centrifugally washing the cooled mixed solution after the hydrothermal reaction with deionized water and ethanol for three times, collecting precipitates of each time, placing the precipitates in a drying box, and drying the precipitates for 15 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a zinc manganate/milk carbon precursor; and finally, placing the precursor in a tubular furnace, and calcining for 2 hours at 400 ℃ in an air atmosphere at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material.
The experiment is carried out according to the experimental method of the embodiment 1, and the experimental result shows that the product has high purity which can reach 99.0%, uniform size, average diameter of 20-35 nm, good particle uniformity, uniform overall distribution and large specific surface area.

Claims (4)

1. A preparation method of a zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material is characterized by taking zinc chloride, potassium permanganate and sodium fluoride as raw materials, taking deionized water as a solvent, mixing and stirring for 20-30 minutes to form a zinc manganate precursor solution, then adding pure milk into the zinc manganate precursor solution, stirring at a magnetic stirring speed of 200-300 r/min for 15-30 minutes to obtain a mixed solution, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis, solid-liquid separation, centrifugal washing and drying to form a zinc manganate/milk carbon precursor, and finally calcining at a high temperature in one step for 1-2 hours at an air atmosphere at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min to 400-700 ℃ to obtain the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material; the molar weight ratio of the zinc chloride to the potassium permanganate to the sodium fluoride is 0.6-0.8: 1.2-1.6: 1.2-1.6, wherein the unit is mmol, and the molar volume ratio of the zinc chloride to the deionized water is 0.6-0.8: 60-80, wherein the unit is mmol/ml, and the molar volume ratio of the zinc chloride to the pure milk is 0.6-0.8: 1.5-3, the unit is mmol/ml; the prepared zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material is composed of 75-80% of zinc manganate and 20-25% of milk carbon, and the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material and the milk carbon are mass percentage, and the particle size of the particles is 25-35 nm.
2. The method for preparing the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material as set forth in claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal synthesis is carried out by placing the mixed solution in a hydrothermal reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethylene lining, setting the temperature at 180-200 ℃, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 20-24 hours.
3. The preparation method of the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material as set forth in claim 2, wherein the solid-liquid separation and centrifugal washing are carried out by placing the cooled mixed solution after hydrothermal reaction in a centrifuge for solid-liquid separation, collecting precipitate after solid-liquid separation, adding deionized water into the precipitate for centrifugal washing three times, wherein the ratio of the mass of the precipitate to the volume of the deionized water is 1: 60-200, after washing, collecting and combining precipitates for the first time, and centrifugally washing the precipitates for three times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the mass of the precipitates collected and combined for the first time and the volume of the absolute ethyl alcohol are 1: 60-200, collecting, combining and precipitating for the second time for later use; the centrifugal rotating speed is 11000r/min, and the centrifugal time is 3-5 min.
4. The method for preparing the zinc manganate/milk carbon composite material as set forth in claim 3, wherein the drying is carried out by taking the precipitate collected and combined for the second time, placing the precipitate in a drying oven, and drying at 60-80 ℃ for 8-48 hours to obtain the zinc manganate/milk carbon precursor.
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Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108306059A (en) * 2018-02-01 2018-07-20 吉首大学 The preparation method of environmentally protective high power water system Zinc ion battery

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CN102760873A (en) * 2012-07-23 2012-10-31 浙江大学 Zinc-base complex oxide/graphene composite material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN104934590A (en) * 2015-05-07 2015-09-23 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) Preparation method of zinc manganate and graphene composite material
WO2017083825A1 (en) * 2015-11-13 2017-05-18 David Mitlin Activated carbons from dairy products
CN106450218A (en) * 2016-11-08 2017-02-22 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 Method for in-situ synthesis of carbon-nitrogen coated zinc-manganese oxide
CN106410164B (en) * 2016-11-24 2019-02-12 盐城工学院 A kind of anode material and its preparation method and application

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CN108306059A (en) * 2018-02-01 2018-07-20 吉首大学 The preparation method of environmentally protective high power water system Zinc ion battery

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