CN109559098B - Sponge city test point area low-influence development facility simulation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses a simulation method of a low-influence development facility in a sponge city test point area, which comprises the following steps: establishing an integral background model of a test point area in a rainstorm flood management model SWMM, and simulating the total runoff amount and the runoff peak value of rainwater before the construction of a sponge city; selecting a target source project in a test point area, inputting design parameters corresponding to different types of low-impact development facilities LID in the target source project by using a low-impact development facility simulation module in an SWMM model, establishing a project model of the target source project, and simulating the reduction result of the target source project on the total amount and peak value of rainwater runoff; wherein, the target source project is generalized into a sub-catchment area in the regional integral model; and according to the simulation result of the target source project in the project model, basic parameters of the sub-catchment area corresponding to the target source project are adjusted through parameter calculation, so that the overall sponge city construction effect of the test point area is reflected in the region model. The method guarantees the accuracy of the effect simulation of the low-impact development facility in the region model in the large-scale region simulation.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of low-impact development facility simulation, in particular to a simulation method of a low-impact development facility in a sponge city test point area.
Background
The sponge city construction is the core content of sponge city construction by using low-influence development facilities to carry out sponge transformation of land parcel projects. In a planning and designing stage, whether the overall sponge transformation scheme in the test point area can reach an expected target or not needs to be evaluated by using the simulation of a model; in the assessment and evaluation stage, key indexes such as the total annual runoff control rate also need to be calculated based on model simulation. Therefore, the model which is high in accuracy and can truly reflect the effect of the low-influence development facility is established in the test point area, and the model has important significance for early planning design, construction and later operation evaluation of the sponge city. In the simulation of sponge cities, a Storm flood Management Model (SWMM) is commonly used, and a special Low Impact Development (LID) editing module is added from 5.1 version, so that the effect of the low impact development can be simulated. However, the LID editing module is used for related parameters, the range of a test point area of a sponge city is generally more than 20 square kilometers, more than one hundred items of sponge plot type items are provided, LID facilities are more numerous, the feasibility of adding the LID editing module is not strong, low-impact development facility effect simulation is performed through the LID editing module, the method is mainly suitable for accurate simulation of each source plot item, and how to establish an SWMM model capable of reflecting various low-impact development facility effects in a regional scale does not form a uniform method system.
At present, most of regional scales and low-influence development facility models are established by adjusting parameters of sub-catchment areas, but the adjustment of the parameters has great blindness and uncertainty, necessary actual monitoring data is lacked in the planning and design stage of sponge cities, the models are difficult to calibrate and verify, and the reliability of model simulation results is seriously influenced; after the construction is completed, due to the lack of basis for parameter setting, when the calibration and verification of the model are carried out according to the monitoring data, the workload is increased, and the efficiency of model construction is influenced. In the assessment and evaluation of the sponge city, clear requirements are made on monitoring of the sponge city, not only are regional key nodes monitored, but also monitoring of various source projects and facilities is required, but at present, monitoring data do not play a due role in model establishment, especially relatively fine monitoring and simulation of source projects cannot support large-scale low-influence development facility effect simulation of a test point area, and relevance of monitoring and simulation at different levels is influenced.
In summary, currently, the intelligent management and operation of the sponge city in China are still in the stage of starting exploration, and the method for simulating the LID using effect by using the SWMM model in the area scale of the test point area is unclear and lacks of a uniform standard, so that the accuracy of the result obtained by the model is poor, the reliability of the project planning and designing scheme of the sponge city is influenced, and the assessment and the evaluation of the sponge city cannot be supported sufficiently.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the method for simulating the low-influence development facility in the sponge city test point area scale improves the accuracy of the simulation of the low-influence development facility in the regional model, can support scheme determination in an early planning and design stage of the sponge city, and can assist assessment and evaluation based on model simulation after construction is completed.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a simulation method for a low-impact development facility in a sponge city test point area, including the following steps:
s1: establishing an integral background model of the test point area in a rainstorm flood management model SWMM; the integral background model is used for simulating the total runoff quantity and the runoff peak value of the rainwater before the construction of the sponge city;
s2: selecting a target source project in a test point area, inputting design parameters corresponding to different types of low-impact development facilities LID in the target source project by using a low-impact development facility simulation module in an SWMM model, and establishing a project model of the target source project; the project model is used for simulating the reduction result of the target source project on the total amount and peak value of the rainfall runoff;
s3: the target source project is generalized into a sub-catchment area in a regional overall model, and basic parameters of the sub-catchment area corresponding to the target source project are adjusted through parameter calculation according to a simulation result of the target source project in the project model, so that the overall sponge city construction effect of the test point area is reflected; the region overall model comprises the project and is the overall background model after low-impact development facility transformation.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the establishing an overall background model of the test point area, and the S1 further includes:
s101: dividing sub-catchment areas according to the land utilization type, the drainage pipe network, the land elevation and the sponge transformation project distribution condition of the sponge test point area, and establishing an overall background model of the test point area so as to simulate the total amount, the peak value and the like of rainwater runoff before sponge city construction through the overall background model;
s102: monitoring the flow of the pipe gateway key nodes and the main row ports in the test point area, and calibrating and verifying relevant parameters of the overall background model through actual monitoring data; wherein, the related parameters mainly comprise the roughness of the impervious area, the filling amount, the roughness of the pervious area, the filling amount, the maximum infiltration rate, the minimum infiltration rate and the infiltration attenuation coefficient of different land types.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where in S101, when a sub-catchment area is divided, each sponge reformation item corresponds to one sub-catchment area; the sponge transformation project is a sponge transformation source block project.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where in S102, in a process of performing rating and verification on relevant parameters by using an overall background model, 1 or 2 key nodes of a pipe network are selected, and at least 1 main drainage outlet is selected, and if a pipe network structure is clear, monitoring and point placement positions are more, so that the number of pipe network nodes and drainage outlets can be increased;
the method for calibrating and verifying the relevant parameters of the overall background model comprises the following steps: and comparing the flow continuous monitoring data with the model simulation result, carrying out calibration under at least one rainfall condition, and carrying out verification under another independent rainfall condition.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the S2 further includes:
s201: according to the construction progress of each project in the test point area and the types of contained LID facilities, selecting the project which is finished in construction, contains complete LID facilities, is clear in production and convergence relation, is unique in row port and has flow monitoring as a target source project;
s202: setting LID parameters by using an LID editing module in the SWMM model according to the drainage design and LID planning design scheme of the target source head project, and establishing a project model of the target source head project;
s203: and optimizing various LID parameters by using the actual flow monitoring data of the target source project row port, and calibrating and verifying the project model of the target source project.
With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where in S202, the LID planning and designing scheme is to divide sub-catchment areas in a target source project in detail, and add LID facilities in the corresponding sub-catchment areas by using a LID editing module.
With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein in S202, the LID parameter includes: surface layer, paving layer, storage layer, soil layer and possibly underground pipeline paving system.
With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where in S203, the method for rating and verifying the project model of the target source project includes: and comparing the continuous flow monitoring data of the selected project total discharge port with the model simulation result, calibrating under at least one rainfall condition, and verifying under another independent rainfall condition.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner or the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the present application is implementedThe example provides an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein in S102 and S203, the method for rating and verifying the project model of the target source project further includes: comparing the actual monitoring value and the analog value of the flow of the monitoring point, and taking a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient NSE and a correlation coefficient R2The NSE is used for verifying the quality of a hydrological model simulation result, the value is negative infinity to 1, the closer to 1, the better the representation mode quality is, and the model reliability is high; the simulation result is close to 0, which means that the simulation result is close to the average value level of the observed value, namely the overall result is credible, but the process simulation error is large; far less than 0, the model is not trusted. The R is2Measuring the linear correlation degree of the monitoring value and the simulation value, wherein the value is 0-1, the trend is consistent as the value is closer to 1, and the model simulation is accurate; close to 0, indicates that the trend is irrelevant and the model is not trustworthy.
Wherein,
for the actual monitored value of the flow at time t,
is an analog value of the flow rate at time t,
the average value of all the monitored values is obtained;
wherein X and Y represent the flow monitoring value and the analog value respectively, Cov (X, Y) is the covariance of X and Y, Var [ X ] is the variance of X, Var [ Y ] is the variance of Y;
NSE is more than or equal to 0.5 and R2More than or equal to 0.6 is taken as the minimum requirement of the calibration effect of the model.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a ninth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where in S3, the target source project is generalized into a sub-catchment area in a regional overall model, and basic parameters of the sub-catchment area corresponding to the target source project are adjusted through parameter calculation according to a simulation result of the target source project, so as to embody an overall sponge city construction effect of the test point area, further including:
s301: selecting two basic parameters of impermeable percentage percent imperv and storage quantity Destore-Prv of the water permeable area in the SWMM model of the whole test point area to reflect the effect of each sub-catchment area after using LID runoff water flow control;
s302: determining the impermeability percentage I of the target source project serving as a sub-catchment area in the overall regional model according to the land utilization type and the LID facility transformation area ratio in the target source project;
s303: calculating the storage quantity D of equivalent permeable areas corresponding to various LID facilities according to the structures of the various LID facilities and the setting of parameters of each layer in an LID module in a project model of a target source project;
s304: sponge transformation source plot projects corresponding to each sub-catchment area contain multiple LID facilities and common through water areas, and the water permeable area hollow storage amount corresponding to the sub-catchment area in the area integral model is determined by calculating a weighted average value:
wherein,
the hollow storage amount, alpha, of the sub catchment area corresponding to sponge reconstruction project in the test point area integral modeliIs the area percentage corresponding to the i LID facility in the project model, DiThe storage amount of equivalent permeable area beta corresponding to the ith kind of LID facility in the project modeliIs the area ratio corresponding to the i-th common water permeable area (such as green land) in the project model, diFor the ith common water permeability in the project modelThe storage amount of the water permeable area corresponding to the area;
s305: the target source project corresponds to a single sub-catchment area in the regional integral model, and the impermeable percentage and the storage capacity of the permeable area of the sub-catchment area are adjusted according to the calculation result so as to reflect the effect of the target source project on radial flow control in the whole sponge test point area;
s306: adjusting corresponding parameters of the sub-catchment areas in the integral area model according to the simulation result of the target source head project and the types and scales of LID facilities in other projects to obtain the overall sponge transformation result of the simulation test point area; if other land parcel source projects are also modeled and simulated in detail by using the LID module, corresponding sub-catchment area parameters in the area overall model can be calculated and adjusted according to the parameter calculation mode of the target source project.
With reference to the ninth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a tenth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein, in S303, calculating the equivalent water permeable area hollow storage amount D corresponding to each LID facility according to the structures of various LID facilities and the setting of each layer parameter in the LID module in the project model of the target source project specifically includes:
calculating the storage amount of the equivalent permeable area of the LID facility without the underground drainage system according to the surface storage depth, the paving layer and the soil layer parameters:
wherein D is the corresponding equivalent water permeable area hollow storage amount, the right parameter of the equation is the parameter related to the LID module in the project detailed model, and D0Depth of surface layer of LID facility, hpAnd epDepth and porosity, h, corresponding to the layer of pavement or soil, respectivelysAnd esThe depth and porosity corresponding to the reservoir layer respectively;
for the LID facility comprising the underground drainage system, the influence of the underground drainage system on the storage amount calculation of the equivalent permeable area needs to be considered:
wherein D is the storage amount of the corresponding equivalent permeable area, D0Depth of surface layer of LID facility, hpTo a corresponding depth of the paving layer, thetapReflecting the water holding capacity of the paving layer hdFor head loss, height from the bottom of the storage layer to the bottom of the underground drainage system, esIs the porosity of the reservoir layer.
According to the simulation method for the low-impact development facilities in the sponge city trial-point area, the specific simulation of a target source project is used as a basis, the parameters of various low-impact development facilities are set in detail and specifically, and then the parameters are reflected in the large-scale area model based on reasonable calculation, so that the simulation efficiency of a large number of low-impact development facilities in the large-scale area is improved, the randomness of parameter adjustment of the sub-catchment areas is reduced, and the simulation accuracy of the use effect of the low-impact development facilities in the area model is guaranteed.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic flow chart of a simulation method for a low-impact development facility in a sponge city test point area according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for establishing an overall background model of a test point area in a simulation method of a sponge city test point area low-impact development facility according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for establishing a project model of a target source item in a simulation method of a sponge city trial area low-impact development facility according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for reflecting a construction effect of a sponge city by adjusting basic parameters of a sub-catchment area in a simulation method of a low-impact development facility of a sponge city test point area provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic overall flow chart of a simulation method for a sponge city test point area scale low-impact development facility provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 shows a schematic position diagram of a sponge city test point area provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a test spot area SWMM model provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 shows an overall test point area model R provided in the embodiment of the present application2And NSE calculation results;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the establishment of an SWMM model as an exemplary project provided by embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating parameter setting using an LID editing module according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary project model R provided by embodiments of the present application2And a schematic of the results of the NSE calculations;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an effective water permeable hollow amount in a regional overall model according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a rainfall event feature provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 14 shows a schematic diagram of reduction of runoff coefficients of a test point area before and after construction of a sponge city according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 15 shows a schematic structural diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Considering that the current established model has no uniform standard, the reliability of the result obtained by the model is low, and the decision and evaluation of the sponge city cannot be sufficiently supported. Based on this, the embodiment of the application provides a simulation method for a sponge city test point area low-impact development facility, which is described below through an embodiment.
Fig. 1 is a simulation method of a low-impact development facility in a sponge city test point area according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
s1: establishing an integral background model of the test point area in a rainstorm flood management model SWMM; the integral background model is used for simulating the total runoff quantity and the runoff peak value of the rainwater before the construction of the sponge city.
In the embodiment of the application, the land utilization type, the drainage pipe network, the land elevation and the sponge transformation project distribution condition of the sponge test point area are divided into molecule collecting areas as input parameters and input into a Storm flood Management Model (SWMM) to obtain an overall background Model of the test point area.
Here, S in S1 denotes Step, i.e., Step. Similarly, in the embodiment of the present application, all S denote steps.
S2: selecting a target source project in a test point area, inputting design parameters corresponding to different types of low-impact development facilities LID in the target source project by using a low-impact development facility simulation module in an SWMM model, and establishing a project model of the target source project; and the project model is used for simulating the reduction result of the target source project on the total amount and peak value of the rainfall runoff.
The whole background model is obtained by inputting sample data into a rainstorm flood management model SWMM, and the whole background model has a structure of the SWMM model.
Inputting design parameters corresponding to different types of low-impact development facilities LID in the target source project by using a low-impact development facility simulation module in the SWMM model, and establishing a project model of the target source project; and the project model is used for simulating the reduction result of the target source project on the total amount and peak value of the rainfall runoff.
In the embodiment of the application, the target source project is the selected typical project. As a specific implementation mode, according to the construction progress of each project in the test point area and the contained Low Impact Development (LID) facility types, the finished and complete LID facility types are selected as typical projects.
S3, generalizing the target source project into a sub-catchment area in a regional overall model, and adjusting basic parameters of the sub-catchment area corresponding to the target source project through parameter calculation according to a simulation result of the target source project in the project model to reflect the overall sponge city construction effect of the test point area; the region overall model comprises the project and is the overall background model after low-impact development facility transformation.
According to the simulation method for the low-impact development facilities in the sponge city trial-point area, the specific simulation of a typical source project is taken as a basis, the parameters of various low-impact development facilities are set in detail and specifically, and then the parameters are reflected in the large-scale area model based on reasonable calculation, so that the simulation efficiency of a large number of low-impact development facilities in the large-scale area range is improved, the randomness of parameter adjustment of the sub-catchment areas is reduced, and the simulation accuracy of the use effect of the low-impact development facilities in the area model is guaranteed.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, in the simulation method for a low-impact development facility in a sponge city test point area provided in the embodiment of the present application, in S1, the method for establishing an overall background model of the test point area specifically includes the following steps:
s101: and dividing sub-catchment areas according to the land utilization type, the drainage pipe network, the land elevation and the sponge transformation project distribution condition of the sponge test point area, and establishing an overall background model of the test point area so as to simulate the total amount, the peak value and the like of the rainwater runoff before the construction of the sponge city through the overall background model.
S102: monitoring the flow of the pipe gateway key nodes and the main row ports in the test point area, and calibrating and verifying relevant parameters of the overall background model through actual monitoring data; wherein, the related parameters mainly comprise the roughness of the impervious area, the filling amount, the roughness of the pervious area, the filling amount, the maximum infiltration rate, the minimum infiltration rate and the infiltration attenuation coefficient of different land types.
The relevant parameters mainly comprise the roughness (N-Imperv) of the impervious area, the filling amount (S-Imperv) and the roughness (N-perv) of the pervious area, the filling amount (S-perv), the maximum infiltration rate (MaxRate), the minimum infiltration rate (MinRate) and the infiltration attenuation coefficient (Decay) of the pervious area of different land types.
Combining S101 and S102, wherein each sponge transformation project corresponds to one sub-catchment subarea when the sub-catchment subareas are divided; the sponge transformation project is a sponge transformation source block project. During the process of rating and verifying relevant parameters of the overall background model, 1 or 2 key nodes of the pipe network are selected, and at least 1 main drainage port is selected; when the pipe network structure is clear and the monitoring distribution positions are more, the number of selected pipe network nodes and the number of discharge ports are correspondingly increased; the method for calibrating and verifying the relevant parameters of the overall background model comprises the following steps: and comparing the flow continuous monitoring data with the model simulation result, carrying out calibration under at least one rainfall condition, and carrying out verification under another independent rainfall condition.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, in the simulation method for a low-impact development facility in a sponge city test point area provided in the embodiment of the present application, in S2, a method for establishing a project model of a target source head project in an overall background model specifically includes the following steps:
s201: and selecting a project which is finished in construction, contains complete LID facilities, has a definite production and convergence relation, is unique in row port and has flow monitoring as a target source project according to the construction progress of each project in the test point area and the type of the contained LID facilities.
S202: and setting LID parameters by using an LID editing module in the SWMM model according to the drainage design and LID planning design scheme of the target source head project, and establishing a project model of the target source head project.
S203: monitoring a row port corresponding to a target source project, optimizing various LID parameters by using actual flow monitoring data of the row port, calibrating and verifying a project model of the target source project, and ensuring the accuracy of project simulation.
Combining S201, S202 and S203, in S202, the LID planning design scheme is used for dividing sub-catchment areas in a target source project in detail, and an LID editing module is used for additionally arranging LID facilities in the corresponding sub-catchment areas; wherein the LID parameters include: parameters of the surface layer, the paving layer, the storage layer, the soil layer and possibly the underground pipeline paving system; the method for rating and verifying the project model of the target source project comprises the following steps: and comparing the continuous flow monitoring data of the selected project total discharge port with the model simulation result, calibrating under at least one rainfall condition, and verifying under another independent rainfall condition.
Further, in S102 and S203, the method for rating and verifying the project model of the target source project further includes: comparing the actual monitoring value and the analog value of the flow of the monitoring point, and taking a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient NSE and a correlation coefficient R2The NSE is used for verifying the hydrological model simulation result, the value is negative infinity to 1, the closer to 1, the tableThe mode showing quality is good, and the model reliability is high; the simulation result is close to 0, which means that the simulation result is close to the average value level of the observed value, namely the overall result is credible, but the process simulation error is large; far less than 0, the model is not trusted. The R is2Measuring the linear correlation degree of the monitoring value and the simulation value, wherein the value is 0-1, the trend is consistent as the value is closer to 1, and the model simulation is accurate; close to 0, indicating that the trend is irrelevant and the model is not credible;
wherein,
for the actual monitored value of the flow at time t,
is an analog value of the flow rate at time t,
the average value of all the monitored values is obtained;
wherein X and Y represent the flow monitoring value and the analog value respectively, Cov (X, Y) is the covariance of X and Y, Var [ X ] is the variance of X, Var [ Y ] is the variance of Y;
NSE is more than or equal to 0.5 and R2More than or equal to 0.6 is taken as the minimum requirement of the calibration effect of the model.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, in the simulation method for a low-impact development facility in a sponge city pilot site area provided in the embodiment of the present application, S3 further includes the following steps:
s301: two basic parameters of the impermeable percentage percent imperv and the storage quantity Destore-Prv of the permeable area in the whole SWMM model of the test point area are selected to reflect the effect of each sub-catchment area after using LID runoff water flow control.
S302: and determining the impermeability percentage I of the target source project serving as a sub-catchment area in the overall regional model according to the land utilization type and the LID facility transformation area ratio in the target source project.
S303: and calculating the storage quantity D of the equivalent permeable areas corresponding to each LID facility according to the structures of various LID facilities and the setting of each layer of parameters in the LID module in the project model of the target source project.
S304: contain multinomial LID facility and ordinary penetrating water region in the sponge transformation source parcel project that every sub-catchment district corresponds, confirm the water permeable district hollow storage volume that this sub-catchment district corresponds in the regional model through calculating the weighted average:
wherein,
the hollow storage amount, alpha, of the sub catchment area corresponding to sponge reconstruction project in the test point area integral modeliIs the area percentage corresponding to the i LID facility in the project model, DiThe storage amount of equivalent permeable area beta corresponding to the ith kind of LID facility in the project modeliIs the area ratio corresponding to the i-th common water permeable area (such as green land) in the project model, diThe hollow storage amount of the i-th common permeable area in the project model is the permeable area hollow storage amount corresponding to the i-th common permeable area.
S305: and the target source project corresponds to a single sub-catchment area in the regional integral model, and the impermeable percentage and the storage capacity of the permeable area of the sub-catchment area are adjusted according to the calculation result so as to reflect the effect of the target source project on radial flow control in the whole sponge test point area.
S306: adjusting corresponding parameters of the sub-catchment areas in the integral area model according to the simulation result of the target source head project and the types and scales of LID facilities in other projects to obtain the overall sponge transformation result of the simulation test point area; if other land parcel source projects are also modeled and simulated in detail by using the LID module, corresponding sub-catchment area parameters in the area overall model can be calculated and adjusted according to the parameter calculation mode of the target source project.
Further, according to the structure of each kind of LID facility and the setting of each layer parameter in the LID module in the project model of target source project in S303, calculate equivalent permeable area hole volume D that each item LID facility corresponds specifically includes:
calculating the storage amount of the equivalent permeable area of the LID facility without the underground drainage system according to the surface storage depth, the paving layer and the soil layer parameters:
wherein D is the corresponding equivalent water permeable area hollow storage amount, the right parameter of the equation is the parameter related to the LID module in the project detailed model, and D0Depth of surface layer of LID facility, hpAnd epDepth and porosity, h, corresponding to the layer of pavement or soil, respectivelysAnd esThe depth and porosity corresponding to the reservoir layer respectively;
for the LID facility comprising the underground drainage system, the influence of the underground drainage system on the storage amount calculation of the equivalent permeable area needs to be considered:
wherein D is the storage amount of the corresponding equivalent permeable area, D0Depth of surface layer of LID facility, hpTo a corresponding depth of the paving layer, thetapReflecting the water holding capacity of the paving layer hdFor head loss, height from the bottom of the storage layer to the bottom of the underground drainage system, esIs the porosity of the reservoir layer.
In order to further understand the present application, the following embodiments will be described in detail, and referring to fig. 5, the embodiments of the present application provide an overall flow diagram of a simulation method for a sponge city test point area low-impact development facility.
S1: building a background model of the test point area;
s101: and establishing a test point area model.
As shown in fig. 6, the test point area is located in the east coast, which is a monsoon climate, the annual average rainfall is 709mm, and the area of the test point area is 25.24 square kilometers, wherein the rain runoff in the northeast mountain area directly drains into the river and does not enter the rain pipe network system, so that the area of the catchment area is 20.5 square kilometers in the SWMM model.
Dividing the sub-catchment areas according to the land use types and the land parcel type sponge transformation project distribution, ensuring that each land use type and each sponge land parcel transformation project correspond to a single sub-catchment subarea, wherein the total number is 552, and setting initial sub-catchment area parameters according to the land types. According to the result of pipe network census, the model comprises 737 pipelines, 735 nodes and 83 rainwater discharge ports in common, as shown in fig. 7.
S102: and (4) rating and verifying the test point area model.
And from 12 months in 2017, monitoring background conditions of the gateway key nodes and the main row ports of the pipe in the test point area, selecting real-time flow monitoring data of two pipe network inspection wells and one row port, rating under the rainfall of 3 months and 4 days in 2018, and verifying under the rainfall of 4 months and 22 days in 2018.
Coefficient of correlation R2And the results of the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) calculation are shown in FIG. 8.
According to the calculation result, the correlation coefficient R2The values are all larger than 0.7, and the NSE is all larger than 0.7, which indicates that the background value model of the test point area has higher reliability.
S2: simulating a target source project;
s201: and (4) selecting a target source project.
The large-scale construction of the sponge projects in the test point areas starts from 3 months in 2018, but a small number of test point projects are already completed in 2017. And selecting a target source project which covers a large variety of low-impact development facilities.
The target source project is located in the middle of the test point area, sponge transformation is completed in 2017 in 3 months, the area is 11262 square meters, and the target source project is generalized into a sub-catchment area in the whole test point area model. The mainly used low-impact development facilities comprise a rainwater garden, a permeable pavement, a sunken green land, a rainwater bucket and a green roof, and cover the types of the main low-impact development facilities in the test point area.
S202: and establishing a target source project model.
According to the target source project pipe network structure and the water collection relation, an SWMM model is established, and 39 sub-water collection areas, 20 pipelines, 19 nodes and 1 discharge port are divided in total, as shown in FIG. 9.
According to the project sponge transformation planning design scheme, low-impact development facilities are additionally arranged in the corresponding sub-catchment areas by using an LID editing module in the SWMM, and parameters of each low-impact development facility are set. Taking a rain garden as an example, an ecological Retention pool model (Bio-Retention Cell) in the LID editing module is selected for simulation, and as shown in fig. 10, parameter setting is performed on a surface layer, a soil layer, a storage layer and an underground pipeline paving system.
S203: rating and verification of the project model.
The monitoring work of the target source project is started from 5 months in 2017, the model is calibrated under the rainfall of 5 days in 8 months in 2017 by utilizing the flow monitoring data of the total discharge of the project, and the verification is carried out under the rainfall of 25 days in 7 months and 1 day in 8 months in 2017. Coefficient of discrimination R2And the calculation of NSE are shown in fig. 11.
The project model has a smaller range and thus higher accuracy than the region model, all R2The value is more than 0.9, the NSE value is more than 0.8, and the simulation accuracy is higher.
S3: establishing a low-influence development model of a test point area;
s301: the adjusted parameters are determined.
In the test point area overall model, 552 sub-catchment areas are divided, wherein 108 sub-catchment areas correspond to land block type sponge transformation projects, and the projects are all subjected to sponge transformation through arrangement of low-impact development facilities. The sponge transformation effect is embodied by changing two parameters of the impermeable percentage and the hollow storage amount of the water permeable areas of the sub-catchment areas.
S302: the percent imperviousness was determined.
The area of the low-impact development facility in the target source project is 4750 square meters, the area of the common green land is 4723 square meters, except the two parts, the rest parts are impervious areas, the corresponding area percentage is 16%, and therefore in the area model, the impervious percentage of the sub-catchment area corresponding to the target source project is adjusted to be 16%.
S303 and S304: and calculating the hollow storage amount of the water permeable area.
The low-influence development facilities used in the target source project comprise rainwater gardens, permeable pavements, sunken greenbelts and green roofs, underground drainage systems are not used, and the underground drainage systems are used according to formulas
Calculating the equivalent water permeable area hollow storage amount corresponding to each low-impact development facility, calculating a weighted average value according to the occupied area of each facility, and taking the weighted average value as the water permeable area hollow storage amount of the final sub-catchment area, wherein the calculation result is shown in fig. 12, and the water permeable area hollow storage amount of the sub-catchment area corresponding to the target source project in the area model is 77 mm.
S305 and S306: and adjusting the parameters of the test point area model.
In the overall background model of the test point area, the sub-catchment area corresponding to the target source project is originally a common residential land, the impermeable percentage is 85%, the hollow storage capacity of the permeable area is 3 mm, after sponge transformation, the impermeable percentage is adjusted to 16%, and the hollow storage capacity of the permeable area is adjusted to 77 mm. Under the rainfall of the sponge city control target, no rainwater runoff is discharged from the land.
For other sponge block projects, due to the fact that the effects of the low-impact development facilities in the same region are similar, the calculation result of the target source project can be used as the basis, the impermeable percentage and the storage amount of the water permeable area of the corresponding sub-catchment are adjusted according to the number and the scale of the low-impact development facilities used by the other block projects, and therefore the overall model of the test point area is constructed to reflect the using effect of the low-impact development facilities.
The established regional models are utilized under rainfall scenes of 3 and 4 days in 2018, 4 and 22 days in 2018 and 1, 2 and 5 designed rainfall recurrence periods, rainfall characteristics of each time are shown in fig. 13, and the control effect on the rainfall runoff before and after the construction of the low-impact development facility is simulated.
The rainfall runoff coefficient (Rc) is defined as the proportion of the rainfall in a period of time, and the reduction rate (R) of the runoff coefficient before and after the construction of the sponge city can reflect the effect of low-influence development facility use in the test point area on the control of the rainfall.
Wherein R isc1For testing the runoff coefficient, R, of the area before the transformation of the sponge cityc2The runoff coefficient of the test point area after the sponge city is transformed.
The runoff coefficient reduction rate under different rainfall conditions is shown in fig. 14. Under two actual measured rains with smaller intensity, the runoff coefficient reduction rate is greater than 60%, and under the condition that the rainfall is stronger and the rainfall P is 5a, the runoff coefficient reduction rate is also greater than 20%, which shows that the use of sponge city construction and low-influence development facilities plays an obvious control role in the rainwater runoff water flow in the test point area scale.
Corresponding to the simulation method of the sponge city test point area low-impact development facility in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer device 400, as shown in fig. 15, the device includes a memory 401, a processor 402, and a computer program stored in the memory 401 and executable on the processor 402, where the processor 402 implements the simulation method of the sponge city test point area low-impact development facility when executing the computer program.
Specifically, the memory 401 and the processor 402 can be general memories and processors, which are not specifically limited herein, and when the processor 402 runs a computer program stored in the memory 401, the simulation method for the sponge city test point area low-impact development facility can be executed, so that the problems that in the prior art, the currently established model has no uniform standard, the reliability of the result obtained by the model is low, and the decision and evaluation of the sponge city cannot be sufficiently supported are solved.
Corresponding to the simulation method of the sponge city test point area low-impact development facility in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program is executed by a processor to perform the simulation method of the sponge city test point area low-impact development facility.
In particular, the storage medium can be a general-purpose storage medium, such as a removable disk, a hard disk, etc., on which the computer program is executed, the simulation method for the sponge city trial-run area low-influence development facility can be executed, the problems that the reliability of the result obtained by the model is low and the decision and evaluation of the sponge city cannot be sufficiently supported due to the fact that the currently established model has no unified standard in the prior art are solved, the method is based on the specific simulation of a target source project, the parameters of various low-impact development facilities are set in detail and specifically, and then are reflected in a large-scale area model based on reasonable calculation, so that the efficiency of simulating a large number of low-impact development facilities in a large-scale area range is improved, the randomness of parameter adjustment of the sub-catchment areas is reduced, and the accuracy of simulating the use effect of the low-impact development facilities in the area model is ensured.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed method and apparatus may be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and there may be other divisions when actually implemented, and for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units through some communication interfaces, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments provided in the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application or portions thereof that substantially contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures, and moreover, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used merely to distinguish one description from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present application, and are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, but not limiting the same, and the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and although the present application is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope disclosed in the present application; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, which should be construed in light of the above teachings. Are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (11)
1. A simulation method for a low-influence development facility in a sponge city test point area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: establishing an integral background model of the test point area in a rainstorm flood management model SWMM; the integral background model is used for simulating the total runoff quantity and the runoff peak value of the rainwater before the construction of the sponge city;
s2: selecting a target source project in a test point area, inputting design parameters corresponding to different types of low-impact development facilities LID in the target source project by using a low-impact development facility simulation module in an SWMM model, and establishing a project model of the target source project; the project model is used for simulating the reduction result of the target source project on the total amount and peak value of the rainfall runoff;
s3: the target source project is generalized into a sub-catchment area in a regional overall model, and basic parameters of the sub-catchment area corresponding to the target source project are adjusted through parameter calculation according to a simulation result of the target source project in the project model, so that the overall sponge city construction effect of the test point area is reflected; the regional overall model comprises the project and the overall background model after low-impact development facility transformation;
wherein, the target source project is generalized to a sub-catchment area in the regional integral model in S3, and the basic parameters of the sub-catchment area corresponding to the target source project are adjusted through parameter calculation according to the simulation result of the target source project, so as to embody the overall sponge city construction effect of the test point area, further comprising:
s301: selecting two basic parameters of impermeable percentage percent imperv and storage quantity Destore-Prv of the water permeable area in the SWMM model of the whole test point area to reflect the runoff water flow control effect after each sub-catchment area uses LID;
s302: determining the impermeability percentage I of the target source project serving as a sub-catchment area in the overall regional model according to the land utilization type and the LID facility transformation area ratio in the target source project;
s303: calculating the storage quantity D of equivalent permeable areas corresponding to various LID facilities according to the structures of the various LID facilities and the setting of parameters of each layer in an LID module in a project model of a target source project;
s304: sponge transformation source plot projects corresponding to each sub-catchment area contain multiple LID facilities and common through water areas, and the water permeable area hollow storage amount corresponding to the sub-catchment area in the area integral model is determined by calculating a weighted average value:
α1+α2+…+αn+β1+β2+…+βn＝100％；
wherein,
the hollow storage amount, alpha, of the sub catchment area corresponding to sponge reconstruction project in the test point area integral modeliIs the area percentage corresponding to the i LID facility in the project model, DiThe storage amount of equivalent permeable area beta corresponding to the ith kind of LID facility in the project modeliIs the area ratio corresponding to the i-th common permeable area in the project model, diThe storage amount of a permeable area corresponding to the ith common permeable area in the project model is calculated;
s305: the target source project corresponds to a single sub-catchment area in the regional integral model, and the impermeable percentage and the storage capacity of the permeable area of the sub-catchment area are adjusted according to the calculation result so as to reflect the effect of the target source project on radial flow control in the whole sponge test point area;
s306: adjusting corresponding parameters of the sub-catchment areas in the integral area model according to the simulation result of the target source head project and the types and scales of LID facilities in other projects to obtain the overall sponge transformation result of the simulation test point area; and if the other land parcel source projects are also modeled in detail and are simulated by an LID module, calculating and adjusting the corresponding sub-catchment area parameters in the area integral model according to the parameter calculation mode of the target source project.
2. The simulation method of the low-impact development facility in the sponge city test point area according to claim 1, wherein an overall background model of the test point area is established, and S1 further comprises:
s101: dividing sub-catchment areas according to the land utilization type, the drainage pipe network, the land elevation and the sponge transformation project distribution condition of the sponge test point area, and establishing an overall background model of the test point area so as to simulate the total amount, the peak value and the like of rainwater runoff before sponge city construction through the overall background model;
s102: monitoring the flow of the pipe gateway key nodes and the main row ports in the test point area, and calibrating and verifying relevant parameters of the overall background model through actual monitoring data; wherein, the relevant parameters comprise the water-impermeable area roughness, the hole filling amount, the water-permeable area roughness, the hole filling amount, the maximum infiltration rate, the minimum infiltration rate and the infiltration attenuation coefficient of different land types.
3. The simulation method of the sponge city test point area low-impact development facility according to claim 2, wherein in S101, when the sub-catchment areas are divided, each sponge transformation project corresponds to one sub-catchment area; the sponge transformation project is a sponge transformation source block project.
4. The simulation method of the sponge city pilot site area low-impact development facility according to claim 2, wherein in S102, in the process of rating and verifying the relevant parameters of the overall background model, 1 or 2 key nodes of the pipe network are selected, and at least 1 main discharge port is selected; when the pipe network structure is clear and the monitoring distribution positions are more, the number of selected pipe network nodes and the number of discharge ports are correspondingly increased;
the method for calibrating and verifying the relevant parameters of the overall background model comprises the following steps: and comparing the flow continuous monitoring data with the model simulation result, carrying out calibration under at least one rainfall condition, and carrying out verification under another independent rainfall condition.
5. The simulation method of a low-impact development facility in a sponge city pilot site area according to claim 1, wherein the S2 further comprises:
s201: according to the construction progress of each project in the test point area and the types of contained LID facilities, selecting the project which is finished in construction, contains complete LID facilities, is clear in production and convergence relation, is unique in row port and has flow monitoring as a target source project;
s202: setting LID parameters by using an LID editing module in the SWMM model according to the drainage design and LID planning design scheme of the target source head project, and establishing a project model of the target source head project;
s203: and optimizing various LID parameters by using the actual flow monitoring data of the target source project row port, and calibrating and verifying the project model of the target source project.
6. The simulation method for a low-impact development facility in a sponge city test point area according to claim 5, wherein in S202, the LID planning design scheme is used for dividing sub-catchment areas in a target source project in detail, and an LID editing module is used for additionally arranging LID facilities in the corresponding sub-catchment areas.
7. The simulation method for a low-impact development facility in a sponge city pilot site area according to claim 5, wherein in S202, the LID parameters comprise: surface layer, paving layer, storage layer, soil layer and possibly underground pipeline paving system.
8. The simulation method of a low-impact development facility in a sponge city pilot site area as claimed in claim 5, wherein in S203, the method for rating and verifying the project model of the target source project comprises: and comparing the continuous flow monitoring data of the selected project total discharge port with the model simulation result, calibrating under at least one rainfall condition, and verifying under another independent rainfall condition.
9. The simulation method of a low-impact development facility in a sponge city pilot site area according to claim 4, wherein in S102, the method for rating and verifying the project model of the target source project further comprises: comparing the actual monitoring value and the analog value of the flow of the monitoring point, and taking a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient NSE and a correlation coefficient R2The NSE is used for verifying the quality of a hydrological model simulation result, the value is negative infinity to 1, the closer to 1, the better the representation mode quality is, and the model reliability is high; the simulation result is close to 0, which means that the simulation result is close to the average value level of the observed value, namely the overall result is credible, but the process simulation error is large; far less than 0, the model is not trusted; the R is2Measuring the linear correlation degree of the monitoring value and the simulation value, wherein the value is 0-1, the trend is consistent as the value is closer to 1, and the model simulation is accurate; close to 0, indicating that the trend is irrelevant and the model is not credible;
wherein,
for the actual monitored value of the flow at time t,
is an analog value of the flow rate at time t,
the average value of all the monitored values is obtained;
wherein X and Y represent the flow monitoring value and the analog value respectively, Cov (X, Y) is the covariance of X and Y, Var [ X ] is the variance of X, Var [ Y ] is the variance of Y;
NSE is more than or equal to 0.5 and R2More than or equal to 0.6 is taken as the minimum requirement of the calibration effect of the model.
10. The simulation method of a low-impact development facility in a sponge city pilot site area according to claim 8, wherein in S203, the method for rating and verifying the project model of the target source project further comprises: comparing the actual monitoring value and the analog value of the flow of the monitoring point, and taking a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient NSE and a correlation coefficient R2The NSE is used for verifying the quality of a hydrological model simulation result, the value is negative infinity to 1, the closer to 1, the better the representation mode quality is, and the model reliability is high; the simulation result is close to 0, which means that the simulation result is close to the average value level of the observed value, namely the overall result is credible, but the process simulation error is large; far less than 0, the model is not trusted; the R is2Measuring the linear correlation degree of the monitoring value and the simulation value, wherein the value is 0-1, the trend is consistent as the value is closer to 1, and the model simulation is accurate; close to 0, indicating that the trend is irrelevant and the model is not credible;
wherein,
for the actual monitored value of the flow at time t,
is an analog value of the flow rate at time t,
the average value of all the monitored values is obtained;
wherein X and Y represent the flow monitoring value and the analog value respectively, Cov (X, Y) is the covariance of X and Y, Var [ X ] is the variance of X, Var [ Y ] is the variance of Y;
NSE is more than or equal to 0.5 and R2More than or equal to 0.6 is taken as the minimum requirement of the calibration effect of the model.
11. The method for simulating a low-impact development facility in a sponge city test site area according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the storage capacity D of the equivalent water permeable area corresponding to each LID facility according to the structure of each LID facility and the setting of each layer of parameters in an LID module in a project model of a target source project in S303 specifically comprises the steps of:
calculating the storage amount of the equivalent permeable area of the LID facility without the underground drainage system according to the surface storage depth, the paving layer and the soil layer parameters:
wherein D is the corresponding equivalent water permeable area hollow storage amount, the right parameter of the equation is the parameter related to the LID module in the project detailed model, and D0Depth of surface layer of LID facility, hpAnd epDepth and porosity, h, corresponding to the layer of pavement or soil, respectivelysAnd esThe depth and porosity corresponding to the reservoir layer respectively;
for the LID facility comprising the underground drainage system, the influence of the underground drainage system on the storage amount calculation of the equivalent permeable area needs to be considered:
wherein D is the storage amount of the corresponding equivalent permeable area, D0For LID facility surface layer depths, h in the current formulapTo a corresponding depth of the paving layer, thetapReflecting the water holding capacity of the paving layer hdFor head loss, height from the bottom of the storage layer to the bottom of the underground drainage system, esIs the porosity of the reservoir layer.
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| 基于DigitalWater的两种LID措施模拟方法对总量的影响评估;郭效琛;《给水排水》;20161231;第42卷;第118-123页 * |
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