CN109558963B - Method for predicting distribution of residual oil in high-water-cut reservoir of water-drive reservoir - Google Patents
Method for predicting distribution of residual oil in high-water-cut reservoir of water-drive reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for predicting the distribution of residual oil in a high-water-cut reservoir of a water-drive oil reservoir, and belongs to the technical field of oilfield development. Firstly, determining characteristic parameters required for representing the distribution of residual oil according to geological research data of an oil reservoir, and then establishing a migration model of oil and gas in a high-water-cut reservoir of the oil reservoir according to the determined characteristic parameters; and finally, determining the quantity of oil and gas accumulated in the trap during the production stopping period of the oil well according to the established migration model. The method fully considers the action of gravity, can accurately predict the distribution condition of the residual oil in the high-water-cut reservoir of the water-drive reservoir, can effectively analyze and evaluate the formation process and the enrichment part of the residual oil in the water flooded layer under the action of gravity, guides the residual oil in the water flooded layer to carry out excavation and submergence again, and further improves the oil reservoir recovery ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for predicting the distribution of residual oil in a high-water-cut reservoir of a water-drive oil reservoir, and belongs to the technical field of oilfield development.
Background
More than 80% of the petroleum yield in China is produced in water flooding oil fields, and water flooding is an important and main mode for oil extraction in the oil fields. Along with the lapse of time, the development of oilfield flooding is deepened gradually, and many domestic oilfields enter the high water content and ultra high water content oil extraction period. The development of the oil field at this stage is mainly characterized by high comprehensive water content, high extraction degree, low storage-extraction ratio, low recovery ratio and average recovery ratio of less than 35%, that is, more residual oil still exists underground, and the residual oil which is not extracted has great potential for increasing yield and improving recovery ratio, so that the research and analysis of the formation and enrichment method of the residual oil is widely concerned.
The distribution condition of the residual oil can be determined by utilizing various methods such as a seismic technology, a well logging method, a core analysis method, a tracer test method, a geological development method, an oil reservoir engineering comprehensive analysis method, an oil reservoir numerical simulation method and the like, and the oil reservoir residual oil research methods commonly used in the field practice at present mainly comprise three methods: firstly, macroscopic residual oil qualitative research according to the injection and production conditions of an oil-water well and monitoring data is carried out, the method mainly analyzes potential positions on an interlayer potential layer and a plane by utilizing the monitoring data in the water injection development process of an oil reservoir on the basis of reservoir research, and the method evaluates the residual oil distribution and is not easy to accurately determine the potential size of the residual oil; secondly, semi-quantitative research of an oil reservoir engineering comprehensive analysis method is applied, the method mainly establishes a relation chart of injection times and water contents of reservoirs with different deposition micro-phases or different permeability levels according to core water flooding experimental data, determines the water content in an injection and production network block of a flow unit on the basis of layered and batched injection water quantity and output quantity, and draws a hierarchical diagram of water contents of each small layer to determine the current residual oil distribution condition of an oil layer, and the method evaluates the residual oil distribution condition takes the injection and production network block as a unit, and the water content of a specific position is difficult to determine; the oil deposit numerical simulation is a technology for researching the multiphase fluid seepage rule in an oil and gas reservoir by using a numerical calculation method, a mathematical model is used for reproducing the actual process of oil field development by using a fluid mechanics method, the basic principle is that output and injection dynamics are used as determined values, the determined values (production dynamics) are matched with the actual values by adjusting uncertain factors of the model, and finally the distribution condition of the residual reserves is determined.
The oil gas in the water-bearing reservoir is always in a motion state under the influence of gravity, in the reservoir which stops exploitation, the gravity differentiation effect is the main force for oil gas to migrate and gather again, the dynamic migration process of the residual oil is ignored in the various residual oil research methods, after the high-water-bearing reservoir is stopped to be developed, the residual oil can migrate and gather again towards favorable trapping under the action of gravity, the existing residual oil distribution prediction of the oil reservoir mostly does not consider the gravity effect of the oil gas, the prediction result is not accurate enough, and the recovery of the oil reservoir is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for predicting the distribution of residual oil in a high-water-cut reservoir of a water-drive reservoir, which aims to solve the problem that the prediction result is not accurate enough because the gravity action of oil and gas is not considered in the conventional prediction of the distribution of the residual oil in the reservoir.
The invention provides a method for predicting the distribution of residual oil in a high-water-cut reservoir of a water-drive reservoir to solve the technical problems, which comprises the following steps:
1) determining characteristic parameters required for representing the distribution of the residual oil according to the geological research data of the oil reservoir, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise stratum, rock physical parameters and fluid property parameters of the oil reservoir;
2) and establishing a migration model of oil and gas in the oil reservoir high-water-cut reservoir according to the determined characteristic parameters, and determining the quantity of the oil and gas accumulated in the trap during the production stopping period of the oil well according to the established migration model.
According to the method, the action of gravity is fully considered, the gravity differentiation action is taken as a guiding idea, an oil-gas migration rate model and an accumulation model are established, the distribution condition of the residual oil in the high-water-cut reservoir of the water-drive reservoir can be accurately predicted, and the formation process and the enrichment part of the residual oil in the water flooded layer under the action of gravity can be effectively analyzed and evaluated.
Further, the migration model is established as follows:
A. according to the principle of gravity differentiation, establishing the relationship between buoyancy and resistance when oil drops can move;
B. establishing an oil-gas migration rate model according to Darcy's law and the relation between the buoyancy and the resistance in the step A;
C. and determining the accumulated oil and gas amount in the trap during the production stop period of the oil well by using the oil and gas migration distance and the oil drainage area which are centered on the trap and an oil and gas migration rate model.
Further, the oil and gas amount determined in the step C is as follows:
wherein V is the oil drop height difference; rhowIs the density of water; rhooIs the oil drop density; g is the acceleration of gravity; alpha is a stratum inclination angle; sigma is the oil-water interfacial tension; theta is a wetting angle; r istIs the radius of the throat; r ispIs the pore radius; k is reservoir permeability; μ is the fluid viscosity; l is the length of the pore channel; phi is the average effective porosity; soMobile oil saturation;
is a central angle; h is the average effective thickness of the reservoir; and N is the gathering amount of oil gas in the trap.
Further, the oil and gas migration rate model established in the step B is as follows:
wherein v is the fluid transport rate; f1Is the upward buoyancy component of oil gas; pcIs the capillary force; v is oil drop height difference; rhowIs the density of water; rhooIs the oil drop density; g is the acceleration of gravity; alpha is a stratum inclination angle; sigma is the oil-water interfacial tension; theta is a wetting angle; r istIs the radius of the throat; r ispIs the pore radius; k is reservoir permeability; μ is the fluid viscosity; l is the length of the channel.
Further, the method comprises the steps of selecting favorable traps according to the quantity of oil and gas accumulated in the traps, and carrying out residual oil dredging again on the favorable traps. The invention can guide the residual oil in the water flooded layer to be dredged and submerged again, and further improve the oil reservoir recovery ratio.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the invention for evaluating the potential excavation of the residual oil distribution of the high-water-cut reservoir;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the oil and gas of a high-water-cut reservoir in the invention moving upwards in a different direction under the action of gravity;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the upward migration of hydrocarbons from a high water cut reservoir in an inclined formation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the present invention in which the high water content reservoir residual oil is re-enriched in the trap;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the decomposition of oil gas under stress when the dip angle of the high water-cut reservoir is alpha;
FIG. 6 is a model of the relationship between oil and gas migration rate and formation dip angle established using certain reservoir characteristic parameters in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Under the action of gravity, mixed liquid with different densities has the tendency of upper and lower layering, the oil-water mixture in the oil reservoir has the phenomenon of re-differentiation under the action of gravity, the better the physical property of the oil reservoir is, and the higher the oil-water separation speed under the action of gravity is. According to the method, the action of gravity is fully considered, the formation process and the enrichment part of the residual oil of the water flooded layer under the action of gravity can be effectively analyzed and evaluated, firstly, characteristic parameters required for representing the distribution of the residual oil are determined according to oil deposit geological research data, and then, a migration model of oil and gas in an oil deposit high water-cut reservoir is established according to the determined characteristic parameters; and finally, determining the quantity of oil and gas accumulated in the trap during the production stopping period of the oil well according to the established migration model. The flow of the method is shown in figure 1, and the following description is given by taking a specific oil reservoir area as an example, in the example, the oil and gas of a high-water-content reservoir layer are subjected to repeated differential migration under the action of gravity, which is schematically shown in figure 2, so that the upward migration trend of the oil and gas under the action of gravity can be intuitively reflected, and figure 3 shows that when the stratum is inclined, the oil and gas are upwards migrated along the inclined direction; the oil and gas migration process is enriched when encountering favorable trapping, as shown in figure 4; the remaining oil in the reservoir when the formation is tilted is forced to break down as shown in figure 5.
The method is implemented as follows.
1. And determining characteristic parameters required for representing the distribution of the residual oil according to the geological research data of the oil reservoir.
Acquiring basic research data of an oil reservoir address, and determining characteristic parameters required for representing the distribution of residual oil, wherein the required parameters comprise oil reservoir stratum parameters, rock physical parameters and fluid property parameters, and specifically, the required characteristic parameters comprise an average stratum inclination angle, an average reservoir permeability, an average pore throat radius, underground crude oil density, underground crude oil viscosity and stratum water density. The characteristic parameters required for the distribution of the residual oil of a specific oil reservoir obtained in the embodiment are as follows: the formation parameters include: the dip angle of the stratum is about 16-36 degrees; the petrophysical parameters include: permeability value of 100X 10-3μm2The average value of the radius of the pore throat of the reservoir is 6 mu m, the average effective thickness of the reservoir is 5.5m, the average effective porosity is 19.8 percent, and the saturation of residual oil is 31.3 percent; the fluid property parameters include: density of underground crude oil is 0.75g/cm3Viscosity of 1.8mpa.s and underground oil-water interfacial tension of 20-30 x 10-5N/cm。
2. And establishing a migration model of oil and gas in the oil reservoir high water-cut reservoir according to the determined characteristic parameters.
A. And establishing the micro stress condition of oil drops in the reservoir based on the gravity action.
According to the principle of gravity differentiation, the relationship between buoyancy and resistance of oil drops when the oil drops can move is established according to the height difference of the oil drops, the density of water, the density of the oil drops, the gravity acceleration, the formation inclination angle, the oil-water interface tension, the wetting angle, the throat radius and the pore radius, and the formula is (1):
wherein F1Is the upward buoyancy component of oil gas; v is oil drop height difference; rhowIs the density of water; rhooIs oil dropDensity; g is the acceleration of gravity; alpha is a stratum inclination angle; sigma is the oil-water interfacial tension; theta is a wetting angle; r istIs the radius of the throat; r ispIs the pore radius.
B. And establishing an oil and gas migration rate model based on the relation between the characteristic parameters.
According to Darcy's law (2) and hydraulics formula (3), an oil-gas migration rate model is established, as shown in formula (4):
Q＝vA (3)
wherein F1Is the upward buoyancy component of oil gas; pcIs the capillary force; q is the cross-sectional flow of the duct; k is reservoir permeability; a is the cross-sectional area of the pore passage; delta p is the pressure difference at two ends of the pore passage; μ is the fluid viscosity; l is the length of the pore channel; v is the fluid transport rate.
As can be seen from equation (4), the rate of oil and gas migration accumulation is directly proportional to the reservoir permeability, positively correlated to the formation dip angle, and inversely proportional to the migration distance.
C. And establishing an oil-gas accumulation model based on the oil-gas migration rate model.
The amount of hydrocarbons accumulated during the well shut-down period within the trap (7) is established in terms of the trap-centered hydrocarbon migration distance (5) and drainage area (6).
l＝v·t (5)
Wherein N is the oil gas gathering amount in the trap, and t is the oil gas migration timeInterval (from the time of oil-water production stoppage); s is the area of oil and gas migration; h is the average effective thickness of the reservoir; phi is the average effective porosity; soMobile oil saturation;
is a central angle.
The formula (7) reflects that the factors influencing the accumulation amount of oil and gas in the trap mainly comprise oil and gas migration rate, migration time (oil well production stopping time), effective reservoir thickness, effective reservoir porosity and movable oil saturation.
In the calculation process, the wetting angle theta of the oil reservoir is considered to be very small, cos theta is approximately equal to 1, and the oil drainage radius L of the oil reservoir is 200 m.
In this embodiment, a graph of the relationship between the oil and gas migration rate of the oil reservoir and the formation dip angle is prepared by using the oil and gas migration rate model of formula (4), as shown in fig. 6, the oil and gas migration rate of the oil reservoir can be determined by using the graph, for example, when the formation dip angle is 30 °, the oil and gas migration rate of the oil reservoir can be determined to be 20.9m per year, and the oil and gas accumulation number during the period of the production stoppage of the oil well in the trap is determined by using the oil and gas accumulation model. In the calculation process, the wetting angle theta of the oil reservoir is considered to be very small, cos theta is approximately equal to 1, and the oil drainage radius L of the oil reservoir is 200 m. When determining the oil and gas gathering amount of a high-water-cut and ultra-high-water-cut reservoir of a waterflood development, the dip angle value (such as 28 ℃) and the oil and gas gathering time (such as 10 years) of the reservoir stratum are required to be given. Based on the residual oil distribution evaluation method, the oil accumulation amount of a certain oil well position at the high part of the oil reservoir structure after 14 years can be determined to be 1648t, and the well control area is 0.02km2The formation dip angle is 26 deg..
3. And analyzing the gathering part after the residual oil is transported, and performing excavation through an oil-water well.
Analyzing the favorable gathering part after the oil and gas migration, namely finding out the favorable trapping position including structural trapping, lithologic trapping and composite trapping, and implementing technical measures after determining that the amount of the gathered oil and gas reaches the economic exploitation value to excavate the residual oil in the trapping. In the reservoir of this example, the surplus oil-gas re-accumulation portion was a structural high portion, and the oil-water well was used for excavation, and the oil well was subjected to re-perforation operation to increase the oil by 9.6t on the initial day.
The invention takes the gravity differentiation effect as a guiding idea and aims at evaluating the residual oil during excavation, establishes an oil gas migration rate model and an accumulation model, determines the mechanism of residual oil re-accumulation in the oil well production stop period, and simultaneously analyzes the favorable accumulation part of the oil gas, thereby forming a new residual oil distribution prediction method. The method is provided aiming at the water injection development oil field entering the development period of high water content and extra high water content, the method well explains the hydrodynamic mechanism of re-enrichment of the residual oil in the reservoir with high water content and extra high water content, and effective residual oil potential excavation measures can be formulated and implemented on the basis of enrichment to have economic exploitation value.
Claims (2)
1. The method for predicting the distribution of the residual oil in the high-water-cut reservoir of the water-drive oil reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) determining characteristic parameters required for representing the distribution of the residual oil according to the geological research data of the oil reservoir, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise stratum, rock physical parameters and fluid property parameters of the oil reservoir;
2) establishing a migration model of oil and gas in the oil reservoir high water-cut reservoir according to the determined characteristic parameters, and determining the quantity of the oil and gas accumulated in the trap during the production stopping period of the oil well according to the established migration model;
the step 2) comprises the following steps:
A. according to the principle of gravity differentiation, establishing the relationship between buoyancy and resistance when oil drops can move;
B. establishing an oil-gas migration model according to Darcy's law and the relation between the buoyancy and the resistance in the step A;
C. determining the accumulated oil and gas amount in the trap during the production stopping period of the oil well by using the oil and gas migration distance and the oil drainage area which take the trap as the center and an oil and gas migration model;
the oil and gas amount determined in the step C is as follows:
wherein V is the oil drop height difference; rhowIs the density of water; rhooIs the oil drop density; g is the acceleration of gravity; alpha is a stratum inclination angle; sigma is the oil-water interfacial tension; theta is a wetting angle; r istIs the radius of the throat; r ispIs the pore radius; k is reservoir permeability; μ is the fluid viscosity; l is the length of the pore channel; phi is the average effective porosity; soMobile oil saturation;
is a central angle; h is the average effective thickness of the reservoir; n is the gathering amount of oil gas in the trap; s is the area of oil and gas migration; v is the fluid transport rate;
the oil-gas migration model established in the step B is as follows:
wherein v is the fluid transport rate; f1Is the upward buoyancy component of oil gas; pcIs the capillary force; v is oil drop height difference; rhowIs the density of water; rhooIs the oil drop density; g is the acceleration of gravity; alpha is a stratum inclination angle; sigma is the oil-water interfacial tension; theta is a wetting angle; r istIs the radius of the throat; r ispIs the pore radius; k is reservoir permeability; μ is the fluid viscosity; l is the length of the pore channel; Δ p is the pressure difference across the tunnel.
2. The method for predicting the residual oil distribution of the water-drive reservoir high-water-cut reservoir according to the claim 1, characterized by further comprising the steps of selecting favorable traps according to the quantity of the oil and gas accumulated in the traps and carrying out residual oil re-excavation on the favorable traps.
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| CN111173507B (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2023-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | High-water-cut oil field residual oil prediction method |
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