CN109556487B - Fish body contour measuring device and measuring method for fishing gear selectivity research - Google Patents

Fish body contour measuring device and measuring method for fishing gear selectivity research Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109556487B
CN109556487B CN201811429943.0A CN201811429943A CN109556487B CN 109556487 B CN109556487 B CN 109556487B CN 201811429943 A CN201811429943 A CN 201811429943A CN 109556487 B CN109556487 B CN 109556487B
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fish body
clamping plate
adjusting
strips
scale
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CN109556487A (en
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杨炳忠
张鹏
晏磊
李�杰
杨吝
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South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy Fishery Sciences
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South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy Fishery Sciences
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/20Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures

Abstract

The invention discloses a fish body contour measuring device and a measuring method for fishing gear selectivity research, wherein the fish body contour measuring device comprises a fish body bracket and two sets of contour simulation components, and the fish body bracket is provided with a first scale for measuring the length of a fish body; the contour simulation assembly comprises a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate, two connecting strips and a plurality of aluminum strips, wherein the two connecting strips are respectively fixed at two ends of the first clamping plate, and connecting structures are respectively arranged at the other ends of the two connecting strips; the second clamping plate is connected with the first clamping plate through an adjusting structure, a gap is formed between the second clamping plate and the first clamping plate, and the size of the gap can be adjusted through the adjusting structure; a plurality of aluminum strips penetrate through the crack; the first clamping plate is provided with a second scale, and the aluminum strip is provided with a third scale. The measuring method utilizes the fish body profile measuring device to measure the fish body profile. The invention can accurately simulate and measure the body circumference shape and outline of most fishes (including other fishing species).

Description

Fish body contour measuring device and measuring method for fishing gear selectivity research
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fish body profile measuring device for fishing gear selectivity research and a measuring method for measurement by using the fish body profile measuring device.
Background
Fishing gear refers to a tool for directly catching aquatic economic animals in ocean and inland waters. Fishing gear selectivity refers to the characteristic that a particular fishing gear only catches a particular kind or catches an object with a particular biological characteristic. Fishing gear selectivity can be divided into interspecies selectivity and intraspecies selectivity. Currently, most selective studies use the body length of the fishing subject as a parameter to conduct corresponding experiments and studies. However, the shape and size of the perimeter of the fishing species during fishing is the key factor in determining fishing gear selectivity. Especially for the mesh selectivity study, the body-circumference contour and size of the fish body are key parameters for determining whether the fish body can pass through the mesh. Therefore, accurate measurement of the circumferential profile and shape of the fish body is the basis and precondition for the development of fishing gear selectivity studies.
In the prior art, the circumference of a fish body is generally assumed to be circular or nearly circular, and a measuring tape is used for measuring the circumference, for example, the application numbers are as follows: 201420307623.9. However, the fish have various shape characteristics, so that the body circumference shape and the outline of the fish also have significant differences, so that the application number is as follows: 201420307623.9, neither the fish circumference measuring tool disclosed in the above-mentioned chinese patent nor any other existing tool for measuring the circumference using a tape measure is suitable for all fishing objects. Therefore, the prior art cannot completely and accurately measure the shape and contour of all fish bodies. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a fish body contour measuring device for accurately measuring the body circumference shape and contour of most fishes, and provide basic parameters for accurately and scientifically developing fishing tool selectivity research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the first technical problem of providing a fish body contour measuring device for fishing gear selectivity research.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a measurement method using a fish body profile measurement device to perform measurement.
The invention can accurately simulate and measure the body circumference shape and outline of most fishes (including other fishing species).
To solve the first technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fish body contour measuring device for fishing gear selectivity research comprises a fish body bracket and two sets of contour simulation components, wherein a fish body to be measured is supported on the fish body bracket, and the fish body bracket is provided with a first scale for measuring the length of the fish body; the contour simulation assembly comprises a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate, two connecting strips and a plurality of aluminum strips, wherein the two connecting strips are vertically fixed at two ends of the first clamping plate through one ends of the two connecting strips respectively and are positioned at the same side, and connecting structures are arranged at the other ends of the two connecting strips respectively; when the connecting strips at the two ends of the first clamping plate of the two groups of contour simulation assemblies are respectively and oppositely abutted, the two opposite connecting strips can be connected together through the connecting structure; the second clamping plate is connected with the first clamping plate through the adjusting structure and faces the first clamping plate, so that a gap is formed between the second clamping plate and the first clamping plate, and the size of the gap can be adjusted through adjusting the adjusting structure; a plurality of aluminum strips penetrate through the crack and are sequentially and tightly arranged along the length direction of the crack, and the aluminum strips are parallel to the two connecting strips; the first clamping plate is provided with a second scale for measuring the height of the outline of the fish body, and the aluminum strip is provided with a third scale for measuring the relative displacement of the aluminum strip.
Furthermore, the connecting structure comprises a connecting plate, a connecting bolt and a locking nut, the connecting plate is vertically fixed at the end part of the connecting strip, the connecting plate is provided with a connecting hole, the connecting bolt penetrates through the connecting holes on the two opposite connecting plates, and the penetrating end of the connecting bolt is in threaded connection with the locking nut.
Furthermore, the adjusting structure comprises two adjusting bolts and two adjusting nuts, the two adjusting bolts are respectively and vertically fixed at two end parts of the second clamping plate, adjusting holes are respectively formed in the positions, corresponding to the adjusting bolts, of the first clamping plate, the two adjusting bolts respectively and correspondingly penetrate through the adjusting holes, and the two adjusting nuts are respectively in threaded connection with the end parts, penetrating out of the adjusting holes, of the two adjusting bolts.
Furthermore, the fish body bracket comprises a base, a positioning plate and two fish body supporting pieces, wherein the positioning plate is vertically fixed at one end of the base, the two fish body supporting pieces can be respectively adjusted up and down and are arranged above the base along the length direction of the base, the first scale is arranged on the base, and the zero starting point of the first scale corresponds to the positioning plate; two fish body support pieces are used for supporting the both ends of fish body respectively, and during the use, fish body osculum portion supports and leans on the locating plate to the first scale of accessible measures fish body length.
Furthermore, a sliding rail extending along the length direction of the base is arranged on the base, two sliding blocks are arranged on the sliding rail, a vertical upward telescopic rod is respectively arranged on the two sliding blocks, and two fish body supporting pieces are respectively arranged at the upper movable end of the telescopic rod.
Furthermore, the telescopic rod comprises a sleeve and a guide rod, the sleeve is vertically upwards fixed on the sliding block, the guide rod is movably inserted into the sleeve, the fish body supporting piece is fixed at the upper end of the guide rod, a threaded hole communicated with a middle hole of the sleeve is formed in the sleeve, a locking bolt is connected in the threaded hole in a threaded mode, and the guide rod can be locked by adjusting the locking bolt.
Further, the fish body supporting part is a long bar with a semicircular cross section, and the semicircular opening faces upwards.
To solve the second technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
a measuring method for measuring by using the fish body profile measuring device comprises the following steps:
firstly, supporting a fish body to be measured on a fish body bracket;
step two, adjusting the adjusting structures of the two groups of contour simulation assemblies respectively to enable the aluminum strips to move freely;
thirdly, two groups of contour simulation assemblies are respectively and correspondingly arranged on two sides of the fish body, the contour simulation assemblies are vertical to the length direction of the fish body, the two groups of contour simulation assemblies are mutually closed, the aluminum strips corresponding to the position of the fish body are pushed out to the outer side edge under the resistance of the fish body, the connecting strips of the two groups of contour simulation assemblies are mutually abutted, the two opposite connecting strips are connected together through the connecting structure, and then the adjusting structure is adjusted to clamp the aluminum strips;
measuring the horizontal distance from the osculum part of the fish body to the front surface of the aluminum strip through the first scale, measuring the height of the fish body profile through the second scale, and measuring the width of the fish body profile at the corresponding position through the third scale;
taking down the fish body, and scanning the two integrally connected contour simulation assemblies into pictures by an external flat-panel scanner;
and step six, copying the fish body outline surrounded by the aluminum strips in the picture into a line drawing through software.
Furthermore, in the third step, after the two opposite connecting strips are connected together through the connecting structure, the aluminum strip is pushed inwards firstly, so that the aluminum strip is attached to the surface of the fish body, and then the adjusting structure is adjusted to clamp the aluminum strip tightly.
Further, the software is Auto-CAD or Photoshop.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can simulate and measure the body circumference shape and the outline of most fishes (including other fishing species) accurately by folding the two outline simulating assemblies and simulating the outline of the fish body between the two outline simulating assemblies through the aluminum strips without being limited by fishes of different shapes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of two sets of contour simulation components according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic bottom view of the two sets of contour simulation components of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the contour simulation assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the fish body carrier of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the present invention in use;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the present invention after simulation measurement.
In the drawings: 1-a contour simulation component; 11-a first splint; 111-a second scale; 12-a second splint; 13-adjusting the nut; 14-adjusting the bolt; 15-a connecting plate; 16-connecting bolts; 17-a lock nut; 18-a connecting strip; 2-aluminum strips; 21-third scale; 3-fish body bracket; 31-a base; 32-positioning plate; 33-a slide rail; 34-a slide block; 35-a cannula; 36-a guide rod; 37-fish body support; 4-fish body; 5-fish body contour.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
The fish body contour measuring device for the selective research of the fishing gear comprises a fish body bracket 3 and two sets of contour simulation components 1, wherein a fish body 4 to be measured is supported on the fish body bracket 3, a first scale (not shown in the figure) for measuring the length of the fish body is arranged on the fish body bracket 3, and when the fish body 4 is supported on the fish body bracket 3, the extending direction of the first scale is the same as the length direction of the fish body 4.
The contour simulation assembly 1 comprises a first clamping plate 11, a second clamping plate 12, two connecting strips 18 and a plurality of aluminum strips 2, wherein the two connecting strips 18 are respectively and vertically fixed at two ends of the first clamping plate 11 through one end of each connecting strip 18 and are positioned at the same side, and the other ends of the two connecting strips 18 are respectively provided with a connecting structure. When the connecting strips 18 at the two ends of the first clamping plate of the two sets of contour simulation assemblies 1 respectively abut against oppositely, the two opposite connecting strips 18 can be connected together through the connecting structure. The second clamping plate 12 is connected with the first clamping plate 11 through an adjusting structure, the second clamping plate 12 faces the first clamping plate 11, so that a gap is formed between the second clamping plate 12 and the first clamping plate 11, and the size of the gap can be adjusted through the adjusting structure. The plurality of aluminum strips 2 penetrate through the crack and are sequentially and tightly arranged along the length direction of the crack, namely, the adjacent aluminum strips 2 are mutually and closely abutted together, and the aluminum strips 2 are mutually parallel to the two connecting strips 18. The first clamping plate 11 is provided with a second scale 111 for measuring the height of the fish body outline, the aluminum strip 2 is provided with a third scale 21 for measuring the relative displacement of the aluminum strips, and the width of the fish body outline 5 can be measured by adding the relative displacement measured by the third scales 21 on the two opposite aluminum strips.
As shown in fig. 5, during the use, support fish body 4 on fish body bracket 3, two sets of profile simulation subassemblies 1 correspond respectively and arrange the both sides of fish body 4 in, and draw close two sets of profile simulation subassemblies 1 each other, the aluminium strip 2 that corresponds with fish body 4 position is pushed out to the side under the resistance of fish body, the connecting strip 18 that correspondingly supports and lean on links together through connection structure, then adjust and adjust the tight aluminium strip 2 of structure clamp, take out fish body 4 at last, as shown in fig. 6, fish body profile 5 will have been simulated through the aluminium strip in the middle part of two sets of profile simulation subassemblies 1 that link into an integrated entity. The smaller the width of the aluminum strip 2 is set, the smoother the final simulated fish body contour 5 is, and the closer the simulated fish body contour is to the actual contour.
As shown in fig. 2, the connection structure of the present embodiment includes connection plates 15, connection bolts 16, and lock nuts 17, the connection plates 15 are vertically fixed to the ends of the connection bars 18, connection holes are opened on the connection plates 15, the connection bolts 16 pass through the connection holes on the two opposite connection plates 15, and the lock nuts 17 are threadedly connected to the through ends of the connection bolts 16, and the two opposite connection plates 15 are connected together by tightening the lock nuts 17. The connecting structure can also be a sleeve, a threaded hole is formed in the sleeve, a locking bolt is arranged in the threaded hole, the sleeve is fixed on the end face of the connecting strip of one group of the contour simulation assemblies, the extending direction of the sleeve is the same as the length direction of the connecting strip, and the other group of the contour simulation assemblies are inserted into the sleeve and are locked by the locking bolt, so that the two opposite connecting strips can be connected together. Of course, the connecting structure can also be other connecting structures which can detachably connect the connecting strips together.
As shown in fig. 2, the adjusting structure of the present embodiment includes two adjusting bolts 14 and two adjusting nuts 13, the two adjusting bolts 14 are respectively and vertically fixed at two ends of the second clamping plate 12, the first clamping plate 11 is respectively provided with an adjusting hole corresponding to the position of the adjusting bolt 14, the two adjusting bolts 14 respectively and correspondingly penetrate the adjusting holes, the two adjusting nuts 13 are respectively and threadedly connected to the end portions of the two adjusting bolts 14 penetrating out of the adjusting holes, and the size of the gap between the second clamping plate 12 and the first clamping plate 11 can be adjusted by adjusting the adjusting nuts 13. Of course, the adjustment structure can be other structures that can adjust the gap between the second clamping plate 12 and the first clamping plate 11.
As shown in fig. 4, the fish body bracket 3 of the present embodiment includes a base 31, a positioning plate 32 and two fish body supporting members 37, wherein the positioning plate 32 is vertically fixed at one end of the base 31, and the two fish body supporting members 3 are respectively installed above the base 31 in a vertically adjustable manner and in a length direction of the base. The first scale is arranged on the base, and the zero starting point of the first scale corresponds to the positioning plate 32. The two fish body supporting parts 37 are respectively used for supporting two end parts of the fish body 4, the position of the fish body supporting part 37 can be adjusted to adapt to fish bodies 4 with different lengths along the length direction of the base 31, and the fish bodies 4 with different body types can be basically kept in the horizontal position by adjusting the fish body supporting part 37 up and down. When the fish body measuring device is used, the front end of the fish body osculum portion abuts against the positioning plate 32, so that the length of a fish body can be measured through the first scales.
Two fish body support piece 37 can be adjusted from top to bottom and can follow the mounting structure that base length direction adjusted and be: the upper surface of the base 31 is provided with a slide rail 33 extending along the length direction of the base, the slide rail 33 is provided with two slide blocks 34, the two slide blocks 34 are respectively provided with a vertically upward telescopic rod, and the two fish body supporting pieces 37 are respectively arranged at the upper movable ends of the telescopic rods. The telescopic rod comprises a sleeve 35 and a guide rod 36, the sleeve 35 is vertically and upwards fixed on the sliding block 34, the guide rod 36 is movably inserted into the sleeve 35, the fish body supporting piece 37 is fixed at the upper end of the guide rod 36, a threaded hole communicated with a middle hole of the sleeve 35 is formed in the sleeve 35, a locking bolt 38 is in threaded connection with the threaded hole, and the guide rod 36 can be locked by adjusting the locking bolt 38. Preferably, the fish support 37 is an elongated bar with a semi-circular cross-section with the semi-circular opening facing upwards.
Preferably, the length of the first clamping plate is 30-50 cm, the length of the connecting strip is 15-25 cm, the length of the aluminum strip is 20-40 cm, and the width of the aluminum strip is 3-10 mm. By adjusting the width of the aluminum strip, the invention can also be used to measure the body circumference profile of shrimps, crabs and cephalopods.
The measurement method for measuring by using the fish body profile measuring device of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, supporting a fish body 4 to be measured on a fish body bracket 3; specifically, the two fish body supporting parts 37 respectively support two end parts of the fish body 4, the front end of the snout part of the fish body 4 abuts against the positioning plate 32, and the fish body 4 is basically horizontal by adjusting the fish body supporting parts 37;
step two, adjusting the adjusting structures of the two groups of contour simulation assemblies 1 respectively to enable the aluminum strips 2 to move freely;
thirdly, the two groups of contour simulation assemblies 1 are respectively and correspondingly arranged on two sides of the fish body 4, the contour simulation assemblies 1 are vertical to the length direction of the fish body 4, the two groups of contour simulation assemblies 1 are mutually closed, the aluminum strips 2 corresponding to the position of the fish body 4 are pushed out to the outer side edge under the resistance of the fish body, the connecting strips 18 of the two groups of contour simulation assemblies 1 are mutually abutted, the two opposite connecting strips 18 are connected together through a connecting structure, and then the adjusting structure is adjusted to clamp the aluminum strips 2;
measuring the horizontal distance from the front end of the osculum part of the fish body 4 to the front surface of the aluminum strip through the first scale, measuring the height of the fish body outline 5 through the second scale 111, and measuring the width of the fish body outline 5 at the corresponding position through the third scale 21;
taking down the fish body 4, and scanning the two integrally connected contour simulation assemblies into pictures by an external flat-panel scanner;
and step six, copying the fish body outline surrounded by the aluminum strips in the picture into a line drawing through software.
In order to make the measurement more accurate, in the third step, after connecting two opposite connecting strips together through connection structure, earlier promote aluminium strip inwards for the aluminium strip pastes closely with the surface of fish body, adjusts the tight aluminium strip of structure clamp again.
The software in the sixth step can be Auto-CAD or Photoshop.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various other modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above-described structure of the present invention without departing from the basic technical concept of the present invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A fish body profile measuring device for fishing tackle selectivity research which characterized in that: the fish body measuring device comprises a fish body bracket and two groups of contour simulation components, wherein a fish body to be measured is supported on the fish body bracket, and the fish body bracket is provided with a first scale for measuring the length of the fish body; the contour simulation assembly comprises a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate, two connecting strips and a plurality of aluminum strips, wherein the two connecting strips are vertically fixed at two ends of the first clamping plate through one ends of the two connecting strips respectively and are positioned at the same side, and connecting structures are arranged at the other ends of the two connecting strips respectively; when the connecting strips at the two ends of the first clamping plate of the two groups of contour simulation assemblies are respectively and oppositely abutted, the two opposite connecting strips can be connected together through the connecting structure; the second clamping plate is connected with the first clamping plate through an adjusting structure and faces the first clamping plate, so that a gap is formed between the second clamping plate and the first clamping plate, and the size of the gap can be adjusted by adjusting the adjusting structure; the plurality of aluminum strips penetrate through the crack and are sequentially and tightly arranged along the length direction of the crack, and the aluminum strips are parallel to the two connecting strips; the first clamping plate is provided with a second scale for measuring the height of the fish body profile, and the aluminum strip is provided with a third scale for measuring the relative displacement of the aluminum strip.
2. The fish body profile measuring device for fishing gear selectivity research according to claim 1, wherein: the connecting structure comprises a connecting plate, a connecting bolt and a locking nut, the connecting plate is vertically fixed at the end part of the connecting strip, a connecting hole is formed in the connecting plate, the connecting bolt penetrates through the two opposite connecting holes in the connecting plate, and the penetrating end of the connecting bolt is in threaded connection with the locking nut.
3. The fish body profile measuring device for fishing gear selectivity research according to claim 1, wherein: the adjusting structure comprises two adjusting bolts and two adjusting nuts, the two adjusting bolts are respectively and vertically fixed at two end parts of the second clamping plate, adjusting holes are respectively formed in the positions, corresponding to the adjusting bolts, of the first clamping plate, the two adjusting bolts respectively and correspondingly penetrate through the adjusting holes, and the two adjusting nuts are respectively in threaded connection with the end parts, penetrating out of the adjusting holes, of the two adjusting bolts.
4. The fish body profile measuring device for fishing gear selectivity research according to claim 1, wherein: the fish body bracket comprises a base, a positioning plate and two fish body supporting pieces, the positioning plate is vertically fixed at one end of the base, the two fish body supporting pieces can be respectively adjusted up and down and are arranged above the base along the length direction of the base, the first scale is arranged on the base, and a zero starting point of the first scale corresponds to the positioning plate; the two fish body supporting pieces are respectively used for supporting two end parts of the fish body, and when the fish body support is used, the fish body osculum part is abutted against the positioning plate, so that the length of the fish body can be measured through the first scales.
5. The fish body profile measuring device for fishing gear selectivity study according to claim 4, characterized in that: the fish body support device comprises a base, and is characterized in that a slide rail extending along the length direction of the base is arranged on the base, two slide blocks are arranged on the slide rail, vertical and upward telescopic rods are respectively arranged on the two slide blocks, and two fish body support pieces are respectively arranged at the upper movable ends of the telescopic rods.
6. The fish body profile measuring device for fishing gear selectivity study according to claim 5, characterized in that: the telescopic rod comprises a sleeve and a guide rod, the sleeve is vertically upwards fixed on the sliding block, the guide rod is movably inserted into the sleeve, the fish body supporting piece is fixed at the upper end of the guide rod, a threaded hole communicated with a middle hole of the sleeve is formed in the sleeve, a locking bolt is in threaded connection with the threaded hole, and the guide rod can be locked by adjusting the locking bolt.
7. The fish body profile measuring device for fishing gear selectivity study according to claim 4, characterized in that: the fish body support piece is a long bar with a semicircular cross section, and the semicircular opening is upward.
8. A measurement method for measurement by using the fish body profile measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
firstly, supporting a fish body to be measured on the fish body bracket;
step two, adjusting the adjusting structures of the two groups of contour simulation assemblies respectively to enable the aluminum strips to move freely;
thirdly, the two groups of contour simulation assemblies are respectively and correspondingly arranged on two sides of the fish body, the contour simulation assemblies are perpendicular to the length direction of the fish body, the two groups of contour simulation assemblies are mutually closed, the aluminum strips corresponding to the position of the fish body are pushed out to the outer side edge under the resistance of the fish body, the connecting strips of the two groups of contour simulation assemblies are mutually abutted, the two opposite connecting strips are connected together through the connecting structure, and then the adjusting structure is adjusted to clamp the aluminum strips;
measuring the horizontal distance from the osculum part of the fish body to the front surface of the aluminum strip through the first scale, measuring the height of the fish body outline through the second scale, and measuring the width of the fish body outline at the corresponding position through the third scale;
taking down the fish body, and scanning the two integrally connected contour simulation assemblies into pictures by an external flat-panel scanner;
and step six, copying the fish body outline surrounded by the aluminum strips in the picture into a line drawing through software.
9. The measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the third step, after the two opposite connecting strips are connected together through the connecting structure, the aluminum strip is pushed inwards firstly, so that the aluminum strip is tightly attached to the surface of the fish body, and then the adjusting structure is adjusted to clamp the aluminum strip.
10. The measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that: the software is Auto-CAD or Photoshop.
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