CN109555172A - The laboratory measurement method of Oversea bridge basis wave force - Google Patents
The laboratory measurement method of Oversea bridge basis wave force Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/10—Miscellaneous comprising sensor means
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Abstract
The laboratory measurement method of Oversea bridge basis wave force: the 1) production of bridge foundation model；2) calibration of element of wave, according to design wave element, by the element of wave in gravity principle of similarity calibration test；3) installation of fixed bracket, bridge foundation model and total force snesor；4) horizontal direction and vertical total force coefficient are demarcated before formal experiment；5) start formal test measurement, synchronous acquisition horizontal direction and vertical total power biosensor assay data after the completion of calibration；6) the horizontal total power of direction across bridge, suitable calculating of the bridge to horizontal total power and vertical wave total power.The present invention utilizes conventional unidirectional total force snesor, by direction across bridge, along bridge to and cushion cap top surface arrange a certain number of Sensors, a point direction for test data is handled, and synthesize, realize the synchro measure of horizontal wave total power and vertical wave total power suffered by bridge pier+cushion cap+multi-column pier foundation.The present invention has advantage at low cost, easy to operate, high-efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of laboratory hydrodynamic measurement technology, belongs to fluid dynamics test field.Today is related to one kind
The laboratory measurement method of Oversea bridge basis wave force.
Background technique
In recent years, it builds and develops rapidly with Oversea bridge, Oversea bridge mostly uses bridge pier+basic shape of cushion cap+clump of piles
Formula.The wave force as suffered by basis is one of the control load of structure safety, therefore needs its size of accurate judgement.Currently,
Project engineering stage is generally carried out in laboratory by wave force suffered by basic model of the normal state physical experiments to scaling
Measurement, then it is scaled to prototype according to a certain percentage, and then obtain wave force suffered by structure.To Oversea bridge wave in laboratory
There are commonly wave pressure force measuring methods and six component balance, mensuration in the measurement method of power.
Wave pressure method is a kind of indirect measurement method, measures the point pressure on works surface using pressure sensor,
Total power is obtained after integral.This method needs the measuring point many along works surface layout, and efficiency is lower.Six component balance, mensuration
It is a kind of direct measuring method, is to realize total power using resistance-strain type principle on the basis of strain-type force sensor
Measurement.But the instrument and equipment that this measurement method needs is generally more expensive, and is unsuitable for bridge pier+such form of cushion cap+clump of piles
The measurement of bridge foundation wave force.
The shortcomings that overcome the above measurement method, research and develop a kind of Oversea bridge basis wave force simple measurement method be must
It wants.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Oversea bridge basis wave force measuring method, the method can facilitate realization bridge
The synchro measure of level suffered by basis and vertical wave force.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of laboratory of Oversea bridge basis wave force
Measurement method, which is characterized in that steps are as follows:
1) production of bridge foundation model selects geometric proportion ruler, makes model by geometric similarity；
2) calibration of element of wave, according to design wave element, by the element of wave in gravity principle of similarity calibration test；
3) installation of fixed bracket, bridge foundation model and total force snesor；
4) it before formal experiment, needs to demarcate horizontal direction and vertical total force coefficient；
5) after the completion of demarcating, start formal test measurement, synchronous acquisition horizontal direction and vertical total power biosensor assay number
According to；
6) the horizontal total power of direction across bridge, suitable calculating of the bridge to horizontal total power and vertical wave total power.
Wherein, the Oversea bridge basic model to be measured in step 1) includes bridge pier, cushion cap and a clump of piles, and the bridge pier is one
Single pier or double piers, lower end are equipped with cushion cap, and the cushion cap is integral structure, and bottom end is equipped with several single piles, if the clump of piles includes
Dry single pile, lower end connect seabed.
The method for arranging of total force snesor is in step 3): the feelings for being 0 ° for wave propagation direction and the direction across bridge angle of cut
Condition arranges 1 to 2 total force snesor in cushion cap lee side upper area, is disposed about 1 to 2 in pile foundation lee side central region
A total force snesor, the number of sensors arranged in total are no less than 3, for measuring horizontal direction wave total power；In cushion cap top surface
Four angular zones are disposed about 4 total force snesors, for measuring vertical wave total power.
Each total force snesor in step 3) is fixedly arranged at fixed bracket (also referred to as " fixed brandreth " or " iron
Frame ") on.
In other words, the scheme of the invention is (referring to attached drawing): using conventional unidirectional total power measuring instrument, by difference
Direction reasonable Arrangement measurement point realizes the same pacing to a kind of Oversea bridge foundation level wave total power and vertical wave total power
Amount.It is characterized by: the Oversea bridge basis includes bridge pier 1, cushion cap 2 and a clump of piles 3, the bridge pier 1 is a single pier or double
Pier, lower end are equipped with cushion cap 2, and the cushion cap 2 is integral structure, and bottom end is equipped with several single piles 31, and the clump of piles 3 includes several lists
Stake 31, lower end connect seabed.
Different according to the angle of cut between wave propagation direction and direction across bridge, total power Sensor is divided to two kinds of arrangements.
Based on the above technical solution, the case where being 0 ° for wave propagation direction and the direction across bridge angle of cut, in cushion cap
Lee side upper area arranges 1 to 2 total force snesor, is disposed about 1 to 2 total power sensing in pile foundation lee side central region
Device, the number of sensors arranged in total are no less than 3, for measuring horizontal direction wave total power；In the angular zone of cushion cap top surface four
4 total force snesors are disposed about, for measuring vertical wave total power.During test, bridge pier, cushion cap and a clump of piles are as one
Whole, clump of piles structure is not in contact with the ground, and the gap of 5mm or so is kept between ground, guarantees that structure is removed under the wave action
With total power sensor contacts outside not by other external forces.All total force snesors are fixed with brandreth and metal screw.
After fixed steelframe, model and total force snesor are installed, and before formal experiment, need to level
It is demarcated to vertical total force coefficient.Scaling method are as follows: select one piece of total force snesor of same type as calibration sensing
Calibration sensor is leaned against cushion cap and head sea face by device, is pushed calibration sensor along wave propagation direction, is pushed time about 10s.It is complete
At primary calibration, horizontal total power coefficient is expressed as:
The above-mentioned total force coefficient of level measured, if exceeding this range, needs to adjust horizontal direction substantially between 0.9 to 1.1
Metal screw on total force snesor, until meeting the requirements.
For the reliability for guaranteeing total force coefficient, demarcate in total three times, final coefficient takes the average value demarcated three times.
The calibration of vertical total force coefficient and horizontal total force coefficient scaling method are almost the same, only need calibration sensor
It leans against near the middle position of cushion cap bottom surface, presses upwards on.Three times, final coefficient takes the average value demarcated three times for same calibration.
The above-mentioned vertical total force coefficient measured is substantially between 0.9 to 1.1, if exceeding this range, needs to adjust vertical total
Metal screw on force snesor, until meeting the requirements.After the completion of calibration, start formal test measurement.Synchronous acquisition is horizontal
To with vertical total power biosensor assay data.Horizontal direction wave total power are as follows:
Vertical wave total power are as follows:
Based on the above technical solution, the case where being 45 ° for wave propagation direction and the direction across bridge angle of cut, due to wave
Wave with the oblique effect of bridge foundation, direction across bridge and along bridge to generate horizontal wave force.Therefore except palpus measurement direction across bridge wave force
Outside, it must also measure simultaneously along bridge to wave force, horizontal total power is direction across bridge horizontal force and the resultant force along bridge to horizontal force.Direction across bridge
Horizontal force point layout when the point layout of horizontal force and wave propagation direction with the direction across bridge angle of cut are 0 ° is identical, along bridge Xiang Shui
Flat power point layout equally arranges 3 to 4 measuring points, measuring point height and cross in side referring to the point layout of direction across bridge horizontal force
The measuring point height of bridge to horizontal force is consistent.Vertical force point layout phase when vertical force point layout is propagated with wave along direction across bridge
Together.
Scaling method basic one when horizontal total force coefficient scaling method and wave propagation direction and the direction across bridge angle of cut are 0 °
It causes.Only horizontal total force coefficient calibration be subdivided into direction across bridge and along bridge to, direction across bridge and along bridge to the total force coefficient of level it is equal
It need to be between 0.9 to 1.1.The calibration of vertical total force coefficient remains unchanged, and variation range is similarly between 0.9 to 1.1.
Divide different directions, analyze synchro measure data, obtain,
The calculation method when calculating of vertical wave total power and wave propagation direction with the direction across bridge angle of cut are 0 ° is identical.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: the present invention is based on conventional unidirectional total force snesor, realizations pair
The whole synchro measure with each section level and vertical wave force in Oversea bridge basis, measuring instrument is conventional instrument, in the market
It is relatively readily available, and price is relatively cheap, total force snesor is easy for installation, and experimental data processing is easy, and measurement accuracy can satisfy
Engineering demand.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram on Oversea bridge basis in the embodiment of the present invention；
Wave force force-detecting position layout drawing when Fig. 2 is wave propagation direction and the direction across bridge angle of cut is 0 °；
Wave force force-detecting position layout drawing when Fig. 3 is wave propagation direction and the direction across bridge angle of cut is 45 °.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides the calculation method of wave force suffered by a kind of Oversea bridge basis, described
Oversea bridge basis includes bridge pier 1, cushion cap 2 and pile foundation 3, and the bridge pier 1 is a single pier or double piers, and lower end is coupled cushion cap 2, institute
It states cushion cap 2 and is integral structure, bottom end is coupled all single piles 31, and the clump of piles 3 includes several single piles 31, bottom end connection sea
Bed.In figure, A indicates that direction across bridge, B are indicated along bridge to C is fixed bracket, and D is bridge pier, and E is cushion cap, and F is a clump of piles, and G is clump of piles bottom
Face, H are wave direction.
As shown in Fig. 2, the case where propagating for wave along direction across bridge, arranges 1 total power in cushion cap lee side upper area
Sensor (1#) is disposed about 2 total force snesors (2#, 3#) in pile foundation lee side central region, arranges 3 total power sensings altogether
Device, for measuring horizontal direction wave total power；Cushion cap top surface four angular zone be disposed about 4 total force snesors (4#, 5#, 6#,
7#), for measuring vertical wave total power.Steps are as follows for specific experiment:
1) production of bridge foundation model selects geometric proportion ruler, makes model by geometric similarity；
2) calibration of element of wave, according to design wave element, by the element of wave in gravity principle of similarity calibration test；
3) installation of fixed brandreth, bridge foundation model and total force snesor；
As a whole, clump of piles structure is not in contact with the ground for bridge pier, cushion cap and a clump of piles, and keeps 5mm left between ground
Right gap, guarantee structure under the wave action except in addition to total power sensor contacts not by other external forces.All total powers pass
Sensor is fixed with brandreth and metal screw.
4) calibration of horizontal direction and vertical total force coefficient；
It selects one piece of total force snesor of same type as calibration sensor (being denoted as 0#), calibration sensor is leaned against cushion cap
It heads sea face, pushes calibration sensor along wave propagation direction, push time about 10s.Complete primary calibration.To guarantee total power system
Several reliabilities is demarcated three times in total, and final coefficient takes the average value demarcated three times.
Horizontal total force coefficient is between 0.9 to 1.1.
The calibration of vertical total force coefficient and horizontal total force coefficient scaling method are almost the same, only need calibration sensor
It leans against near the middle position of cushion cap bottom surface, presses upwards on.Three times, final coefficient takes the average value demarcated three times for same calibration.
Vertical total force coefficient is between 0.9 to 1.1.
5) start to test, synchronous acquisition and the experimental data for saving each total force snesor；
6) wave force suffered by basis,
Horizontal direction wave total power=(sensor 1#+2#+3# the measured value) × total force coefficient of level.
Vertical wave total power=(sensor 4#+5#+6#+7# measured value) × vertical total force coefficient.
As shown in figure 3, for the case where wave propagation direction and the direction across bridge angle of cut are 45 °.Direction across bridge level is measured simultaneously
To horizontal force, horizontal total power is direction across bridge horizontal force and the resultant force along bridge to horizontal force for power, suitable bridge.The measuring point of direction across bridge horizontal force
Horizontal force point layout when arrangement with wave propagation direction and the direction across bridge angle of cut is 0 ° is identical (1#, 2# and 3#), suitable bridge Xiang Shui
The point layout of flat power point layout reference direction across bridge horizontal force, in 3 measuring points (8#, 9# and 10#) of side arrangement, measuring point height
It is consistent with the measuring point height of direction across bridge horizontal force.Vertical force point layout and wave propagation direction and the direction across bridge angle of cut are 0 °
When vertical force point layout it is identical (4#, 5#, 6#, 7#).Steps are as follows for specific experiment:
1) production of bridge foundation model, and when wave propagation direction and the direction across bridge angle of cut are 0 ° the case where, are identical.
2) calibration of element of wave, and when wave propagation direction and the direction across bridge angle of cut are 0 ° the case where, are identical.
3) installation of fixed brandreth, bridge foundation model and total force snesor, is handed over wave propagation direction and direction across bridge
The case where when angle is 0 °, is identical.
4) calibration of horizontal direction and vertical total force coefficient；
The calibration of horizontal total force coefficient is subdivided into direction across bridge and along bridge to making two bites at a cherry.It is horizontal total to demarcate direction across bridge
When force coefficient, calibration sensor (being denoted as 0#) is pushed along direction across bridge；Similarly, when demarcating along bridge to horizontal total force coefficient, Yan Shunqiao
To pushing calibration sensor.The scaling method of vertical total force coefficient remains unchanged.
The horizontal total force coefficient of direction across bridge, along bridge to horizontal total force coefficient and vertical total force coefficient be in 0.9 to 1.1 it
Between.
5) start to test, synchronous acquisition and the experimental data for saving each total force snesor；
6) wave force suffered by basic entirety,
The horizontal total force coefficient of the horizontal total power of direction across bridge=(sensor 1#+2#+3# measured value) × direction across bridge；
Along bridge to horizontal total power=(sensor 8#+9#+10# measured value) × along bridge to horizontal total force coefficient；
Vertical wave total power=(sensor 4#+5#+6#+7# measured value) × vertical total force coefficient.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of laboratory measurement method of Oversea bridge basis wave force, which is characterized in that steps are as follows:
1) production of bridge foundation model selects geometric proportion ruler, makes model by geometric similarity；
2) calibration of element of wave, according to design wave element, by the element of wave in gravity principle of similarity calibration test；
3) installation of fixed bracket, bridge foundation model and total force snesor；
4) it before formal experiment, needs to demarcate horizontal direction and vertical total force coefficient；
5) after the completion of demarcating, start formal test measurement, synchronous acquisition horizontal direction and vertical total power biosensor assay data；
6) the horizontal total power of direction across bridge, suitable calculating of the bridge to horizontal total power and vertical wave total power.
2. the laboratory measurement method of Oversea bridge basis according to claim 1 wave force, which is characterized in that step 1)
In Oversea bridge basic model to be measured include bridge pier, cushion cap and a clump of piles, the bridge pier is that a single pier or double piers, lower end are equipped with
Cushion cap, the cushion cap are integral structure, and bottom end is equipped with several single piles, and the clump of piles includes several single piles, and lower end connects seabed.
3. the laboratory measurement method of Oversea bridge basis according to claim 1 wave force, which is characterized in that step 3)
In the method for arranging of total force snesor be: the case where being 0 ° for wave propagation direction and the direction across bridge angle of cut, in cushion cap lee side
Upper area arranges 1 to 2 total force snesor, is disposed about 1 to 2 total force snesor in pile foundation lee side central region, always
The number of sensors arranged altogether is no less than 3, for measuring horizontal direction wave total power；The cloth near the angular zone of cushion cap top surface four
4 total force snesors are set, for measuring vertical wave total power.
4. the laboratory measurement method of Oversea bridge basis according to claim 1 wave force, which is characterized in that step 3)
In each total force snesor, be fixedly arranged on fixed bracket.
5. the laboratory measurement method of Oversea bridge basis according to claim 1 wave force, which is characterized in that step 4)
The concrete operations demarcated to horizontal direction and vertical total force coefficient are: selecting one piece of total force snesor of same type as mark
Determine sensor, calibration sensor is leaned against cushion cap and is head sea face, pushes calibration sensor along wave propagation direction, push the time about
10s.Primary calibration is completed, horizontal total power coefficient is expressed as:
The total force value of horizontal total force coefficient=calibration sensor:Horizontal direction total power measurement value sensor；
For the reliability for guaranteeing total force coefficient, demarcate in total three times, final coefficient takes the average value demarcated three times；
The calibration of vertical total force coefficient and horizontal total force coefficient scaling method are almost the same, only need to lean against calibration sensor
Near the middle position of cushion cap bottom surface, press upwards on.Three times, final coefficient takes the average value demarcated three times for same calibration；
Vertical total total force value of force coefficient=calibration sensor:Vertical total power measurement value sensor.
6. the laboratory measurement method of Oversea bridge basis according to claim 1 wave force, which is characterized in that step
5), the concrete operations of step 6) are:
Synchronous acquisition horizontal direction and vertical total power biosensor assay data.Horizontal direction wave total power are as follows:
Vertical wave total power are as follows:
Based on the above technical solution, the case where being 45 ° for wave propagation direction and the direction across bridge angle of cut, due to wave with
The oblique effect of bridge foundation, direction across bridge and along bridge to generate horizontal wave force；Therefore in addition to it must measure direction across bridge wave force, also
It must measure simultaneously along bridge to wave force, horizontal total power is direction across bridge horizontal force and the resultant force along bridge to horizontal force；Direction across bridge is horizontal
Horizontal force point layout when the point layout of power and wave propagation direction with the direction across bridge angle of cut are 0 ° is identical, along bridge to horizontal force
Point layout equally arranges 3 to 4 measuring points, measuring point height and direction across bridge in side referring to the point layout of direction across bridge horizontal force
The measuring point height of horizontal force is consistent；Vertical force point layout is identical when vertical force point layout is propagated with wave along direction across bridge；
Scaling method when horizontal total force coefficient scaling method and wave propagation direction with the direction across bridge angle of cut are 0 ° is almost the same；Only
Be horizontal total force coefficient calibration be subdivided into direction across bridge and along bridge to；The calibration of vertical total force coefficient remains unchanged；
Divide different directions, analyze synchro measure data, obtain,
The calculation method when calculating of vertical wave total power and wave propagation direction with the direction across bridge angle of cut are 0 ° is identical；
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| CN110986894A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Sea wave monitoring device and sea wave monitoring system |
| CN112577655A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-30 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for measuring wave force of structure of sea-crossing bridge |
| CN114166464A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-11 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Device and method for measuring wind wave and flow force |
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| CN114166464B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-10-27 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Wind wave and current force measuring device and method |
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Application publication date: 20190402 |